Hun, Libya: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |
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<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
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|official_name = |
|official_name =Houn |
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|other_name = |
|other_name = Hon |
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|native_name = هون |
|native_name = هون |
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|nickname = |
|nickname = |
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|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |
|settlement_type = Town<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |
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|motto = |
|motto = |
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<!-- images and maps -----------> |
<!-- images and maps -----------> |
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|image_skyline = |
|image_skyline = Modern Houn City.jpg |
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|imagesize = 250px |
|imagesize = 250px |
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|image_caption = A view from modern Hun, Libya |
|image_caption = A view from modern Hun, Libya |
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|pushpin_label_position =bottom |
|pushpin_label_position =bottom |
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Libya<!-- Location ------------------> |
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Libya<!-- Location ------------------> |
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|coordinates_region = LY |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
|subdivision_type = Country |
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|subdivision_name = {{flag|Libya}} |
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Libya}} |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Fezzan]] |
|subdivision_name1 = [[Fezzan]] |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Libya|District]] |
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Libya|District]] |
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|subdivision_name2 = [[ |
|subdivision_name2 = [[Jufra District|Jufra]] |
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|subdivision_type3 = |
|subdivision_type3 = |
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|subdivision_name3 = |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|population_as_of = 2010 |
|population_as_of = 2010 |
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|population_footnotes =<ref name="WG">estimated |
|population_footnotes =<ref name="WG">estimated {{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1300905920&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-133&srt=epnn&col=abcdefghimoq&msz=1500 |title=Libya: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208182619/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1300905920&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-133&srt=epnn&col=abcdefghimoq&msz=1500 |archive-date=2012-12-08 |url-status=dead }} World Gazetteer</ref> |
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|population_note = |
|population_note = |
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|population_total = 30715 |
|population_total = 30715 |
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|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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|timezone = |
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] |
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|utc_offset = |
| utc_offset = +2 |
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|timezone_DST = |
|timezone_DST = |
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|utc_offset_DST = |
|utc_offset_DST = |
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|coordinates = {{coord|29|07|16|N|15|56|25|E|region:LY|display=inline}} |
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|latd=29|latm=07|lats=16 |latNS=N |
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|elevation_footnotes = |
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|longd=15|longm=56|longs=25|longEW=E |
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|elevation_m = 259 |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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|elevation_m = |
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|elevation_ft = <!-- accord. to Google Earth--> |
|elevation_ft = <!-- accord. to Google Earth--> |
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|website = |
|website = |
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|footnotes = |
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| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Libya|License Plate Code]] |
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| registration_plate = 13 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Hun''' or '''Houn''' {{ |
'''Hun''' or '''Houn''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|uː|n}} ({{langx|ar|هون|Hūn}}) ({{langx|it|Hon}}) is an [[oasis]] town in the northern [[Fezzan]] region of southwest [[Libya]]. The town is the capital of the [[Jufra District]]. The "International Autumn Tourism Festival" is an annual [[festival]] usually held at the end of September. |
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==Geography== |
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Hun is about halfway between [[Sabha]] and the [[Mediterranean]] coast in the [[Sahara]] desert. The modern city of Hun is 150 years old.{{When|date=April 2011}} |
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The natural landscape around Hun mainly consists of black [[basalt]] mountains, with extensive sand dunes, and [[Phoenix dactylifera|date palm trees - ''Phoenix dactylifera'']] groves indicating oases. |
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Villages of [[Waddan (Libya)|Waddan]] and [[Socna]] are the nearest settlements. There is a ruined [[ksar]] and several [[mosque]]s in the village of Waddan. All three towns are oases characterized by the abundance of [[Spring (hydrosphere)|natural spring]]s and date palm trees. |
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==Transportation== |
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There are public buses to the cities of [[Sirte]] and [[Sabha (city)|Sabha]]. There is also a military airport located between Hun and Waddan. Hun is 250 km South of [[Sirte]], 500 km from [[Misrata]] and 350 km North of [[Sabha (city)|Sabha]]. <ref>http://looklex.com/libya/houn.htm </ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Hon el-Fuara, March 1941, Gruppe Schwerin, German Army.jpg|left|thumb|Hun el-Fuara, March 1941, Gruppe Schwerin, German Army]] |
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The original town, named Miskan and around 500 years old, is located 4 km. southeast of the modern town. There are ongoing archaeological excavations at the site. |
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During the colonial [[Italian Libya]] period, Hun was the administrative capital of the Italian Fezzan region, called ''[[Territorio Sahara Libico|Territorio del Sahara Libico]]''. Hun was the Italian military center of southern Italian Libya, and was not part of the national [[Fourth Shore]] territory of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] as [[Italian Tripolitania]] and [[Italian Cyrenaica]]. In the 1939 census Italians were 3% of the total population of 35,316 in the city. They disappeared from Hun after Italy's loss of Libya in [[World War II]]. An important Libyan Italian born in Hun was the internationally renowned painter [[Mario Schifano]] (1934–1998). In the 1930s the Italian government made some important improvements to the small town, including a connection to the coast via the new [[Fezzan Road]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Italy Invades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3rqACwAAQBAJ&q=hun+libya+italy&pg=PT63|page=63|first1=Christopher |last1=Kelly|first2= Stuart|last2= Laycock|publisher=Greenleaf Book Group|year=2015|isbn=9780996882507}}</ref> |
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During the [[2011 Libyan |
During the [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]], on 8 May 2011, [[NATO]] hit 8 headquarters compound buildings, 12 ammunition storage and 20 vehicle storage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nato positions|publisher=NATO|url= http://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_2011_05/20110508_110508-oup-update.pdf|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> |
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== |
==Geography== |
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Hun is about halfway between [[Sabha, Libya|Sabha]] and the [[Mediterranean]] coast in the [[Sahara Desert]]. The natural landscape around Hun mainly consists of black [[basalt]] mountains, with extensive sand dunes, and [[Phoenix dactylifera|date palm trees - ''Phoenix dactylifera'']] groves indicating [[oases]]. The cities of [[Waddan, Libya|Waddan]] and [[Sokna, Libya|Sokna]] are the nearest settlements. Hun is settiling in between of Waddan and Sokna, Hun is the biggest town in the area and population at Aljufra, It is considered the administrative capital of the region . There is a ruined [[ksar]] it was an Italian fort (Forti), It was restored and it is now the Saharawi Museum. There are also several old and new [[mosque]]s in the city . All three towns are oases characterized by the abundance of [[Spring (hydrosphere)|natural spring]]s and date palm trees.<ref name=geo>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&q=libya+geography&pg=PA543|first= R. W. |last=McColl|page=543|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9780816072293}}</ref> |
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During the colonial [[Italian Libya]] period, Hun was the administrative capital of the Italian Fezzan region, called ''[[Territorio Sahara Libico|Territorio del Sahara Libico]]''. Hun was the Italian military center of southern Italian Libya, and was not part of the national [[Fourth Shore]] territory of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] as [[Italian Tripolitania]] and [[Italian Cyrenaica]] were. |
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===Climate=== |
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A small [[Libyan Italians|Libyan Italian]] community of 1,156 people lived in Hun, which was called Homs in the colonial years. {{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} In the 1939 census they were 3% of the total population of 35,316 in the city. They disappeared from Hun after Italy's loss of Libya in [[World War II]]. An important Libyan Italian born in Hun was the internationally renowned painter [[Mario Schifano]] (1934–1998). |
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Hun has a [[hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh'') with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters as well as very little rainfall throughout the year. In this part of the desert, summer daytime temperatures are a bit moderated due to the influence of the cooler offshore winds from the [[Mediterranean Sea]], although average high temperatures consistently exceed 40 °C (104 °F) during the hottest months of the year.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Libyan Economy: Economic Diversification and International Repositioning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iw-OlGJsJ8C&q=libya+geography&pg=PA1|pages=1–3|first= Waniss|last1= Otman|first2= Erling|last2= Karlberg |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2007|isbn=9783540464631}}</ref> The region receives an average annual rainfall of {{convert|2.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=cia>{{cite web|title=Libya profile|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/|year=2016|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> |
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{{Weather box |
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In the 1930s the Italian government made some important improvements to the small town, including a connection to the coast via the new [[Fezzan Road]]. |
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|location = Hun (1991–2020) |
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|single line = Yes |
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|metric first = Yes |
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| Jan record high C = 31.5 |
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| Feb record high C = 38.3 |
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| Mar record high C = 39.2 |
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| Apr record high C = 45.5 |
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| May record high C = 47.2 |
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| Jun record high C = 48.0 |
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| Jul record high C = 47.2 |
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| Aug record high C = 46.5 |
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| Sep record high C = 46.0 |
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| Oct record high C = 42.9 |
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| Nov record high C = 38.5 |
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| Dec record high C = 34.2 |
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| year record high C = 48.0 |
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|Jan high C = 19.2 |
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|Feb high C = 21.1 |
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|Mar high C = 25.7 |
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|Apr high C = 30.6 |
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|May high C = 34.4 |
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|Jun high C = 37.2 |
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|Jul high C = 38.1 |
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|Aug high C = 37.7 |
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|Sep high C = 36.5 |
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|Oct high C = 31.9 |
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|Nov high C = 25.6 |
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|Dec high C = 20.4 |
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|year high C = 29.9 |
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|Jan mean C = 12.2 |
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|Feb mean C = 13.7 |
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|Mar mean C = 17.8 |
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|Apr mean C = 22.2 |
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|May mean C = 26.2 |
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|Jun mean C = 29.0 |
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|Jul mean C = 30.0 |
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|Aug mean C = 30.0 |
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|Sep mean C = 28.5 |
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|Oct mean C = 24.5 |
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|Nov mean C = 18.2 |
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|Dec mean C = 13.3 |
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|year mean C = 22.1 |
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|Jan low C = 5.3 |
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|Feb low C = 6.3 |
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|Mar low C = 9.9 |
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|Apr low C = 13.9 |
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|May low C = 18.0 |
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|Jun low C = 20.9 |
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|Jul low C = 21.9 |
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|Aug low C = 22.3 |
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|Sep low C = 21.3 |
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|Oct low C = 17.1 |
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|Nov low C = 10.7 |
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|Dec low C = 6.3 |
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|year low C = 14.5 |
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| Jan record low C = -4.4 |
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| Feb record low C = -3.0 |
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| Mar record low C = -0.2 |
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| Apr record low C = 0.0 |
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| May record low C = 5.2 |
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| Jun record low C = 10.9 |
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| Jul record low C = 13.0 |
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| Aug record low C = 16.2 |
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| Sep record low C = 13.5 |
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| Oct record low C = 5.8 |
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| Nov record low C = -1.0 |
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| Dec record low C = -3.1 |
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| year record low C = -4.4 |
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|precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan precipitation mm = 5.6 |
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|Feb precipitation mm = 3.6 |
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|Mar precipitation mm = 3.0 |
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|Apr precipitation mm = 3.5 |
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|May precipitation mm = 1.3 |
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|Jun precipitation mm = 1.1 |
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|Jul precipitation mm = 0.0 |
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|Aug precipitation mm = 0.2 |
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|Sep precipitation mm = 1.8 |
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|Oct precipitation mm = 1.5 |
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|Nov precipitation mm = 1.3 |
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|Dec precipitation mm = 1.9 |
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|year precipitation mm = 24.7 |
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| Jan precipitation days = 0.9 |
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| Feb precipitation days = 0.9 |
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| Mar precipitation days = 0.7 |
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| Apr precipitation days = 0.3 |
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| May precipitation days = 0.4 |
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| Jun precipitation days = 0.2 |
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| Jul precipitation days = 0.0 |
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| Aug precipitation days = 0.1 |
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| Sep precipitation days = 0.3 |
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| Oct precipitation days = 0.4 |
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| Nov precipitation days = 0.3 |
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| Dec precipitation days = 0.5 |
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| year precipitation days = 5.0 |
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| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230911045803/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Libya/CSV/HON_62131.csv |
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| archive-date = 11 September 2023 |
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| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Libya/CSV/HON_62131.csv |
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| title = Hon Climate Normals 1991–2020 |
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| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) |
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| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
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| access-date = 11 September 2023}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==Economy and culture== |
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==Features== |
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There are public buses to the cities of [[Sirte]] and [[Sabha, Libya|Sabha]]. There is also a military airport located between Hun and Waddan, [[Al Jufra Airbase]]. Hun is 240 km south of [[Sirte]], 370 km from [[Misrata]] and 272 km north of [[Sabha, Libya|Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Distance from Tripoli|url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Hun%2C+Libya |access-date=22 November 2016|publisher=Wolframa}}</ref> The "International Autumn Tourism Festival", is an annual festival usually held at the end of September. It is organized for four days every year from 1996. It is aimed at promoting tourism and culture and organizes concerts and exhibitions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Khoms summer festival starts; Hun festival planned for October|url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2016/08/26/khoms-summer-festival-starts-hun-festival-planned-for-october/|access-date=12 November 2016|publisher=Libya Herald}}</ref> |
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The "International Autumn Tourism Festival", is an annual [[festival]] usually held at the end of September. |
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== See also == |
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;Accommodations |
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*[[List of cities in Libya]] |
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There is one hotel and one hostel in Hun. |
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*[[Libyan Desert]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|20em}} |
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== See also == |
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* [[List of cities in Libya]] |
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*[[Libyan Desert]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://lexicorient.com/libya/houn.htm Lexicorient - |
*[http://lexicorient.com/libya/houn.htm Lexicorient - Hun, the migrating town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317070027/http://lexicorient.com/libya/houn.htm |date=2008-03-17 }} |
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*[http://www.almouftahtours.com/eng/events.htm Almouftahtours.com - Festivals in Libya] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071009114829/http://www.almouftahtours.com/eng/events.htm Almouftahtours.com - Festivals in Libya] |
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{{coord|29|07|16|N|15|56|25|E|region:LY_type:city|display=title}} |
{{coord|29|07|16|N|15|56|25|E|region:LY_type:city|display=title}} |
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{{Al Jufrah}} |
{{Al Jufrah}} |
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{{District capitals of Libya}} |
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[[Category:Hun, Libya| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Populated places in Jufra District]] |
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[[Category:Al Jufrah District]] |
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[[Category:Fezzan]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in Libya]] |
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[[Category:Oases of Libya]] |
[[Category:Oases of Libya]] |
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[[Category:Italian Libya]] |
[[Category:Italian Libya]] |
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[[Category:Baladiyat of Libya]] |
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[[ar:هون]] |
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[[it:Hun (Libia)]] |
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[[ru:Мадиррат-Хун]] |
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[[sco:Houn]] |
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[[tr:Hun, Libya]] |
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[[vi:Houn]] |
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[[vo:Hun]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:24, 26 October 2024
Houn
هون Hon | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 A view from modern Hun, Libya | |
  Houn Location in Libya | |
| Coordinates: 29°07′16″N 15°56′25″E / 29.12111°N 15.94028°E | |
| Country |  Libya |
| Region | Fezzan |
| District | Jufra |
| Elevation | 850 ft (259 m) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
• Total | 30,715 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| License Plate Code | 13 |
Hun or Houn /ˈhuːn/ (Arabic: هون, romanized: Hūn) (Italian: Hon) is an oasis town in the northern Fezzan region of southwest Libya. The town is the capital of the Jufra District. The "International Autumn Tourism Festival" is an annual festival usually held at the end of September.
History
[edit]
During the colonial Italian Libya period, Hun was the administrative capital of the Italian Fezzan region, called Territorio del Sahara Libico. Hun was the Italian military center of southern Italian Libya, and was not part of the national Fourth Shore territory of the Kingdom of Italy as Italian Tripolitania and Italian Cyrenaica. In the 1939 census Italians were 3% of the total population of 35,316 in the city. They disappeared from Hun after Italy's loss of Libya in World War II. An important Libyan Italian born in Hun was the internationally renowned painter Mario Schifano (1934–1998). In the 1930s the Italian government made some important improvements to the small town, including a connection to the coast via the new Fezzan Road.[2]
During the Libyan Civil War, on 8 May 2011, NATO hit 8 headquarters compound buildings, 12 ammunition storage and 20 vehicle storage.[3]
Geography
[edit]Hun is about halfway between Sabha and the Mediterranean coast in the Sahara Desert. The natural landscape around Hun mainly consists of black basalt mountains, with extensive sand dunes, and date palm trees - Phoenix dactylifera groves indicating oases. The cities of Waddan and Sokna are the nearest settlements. Hun is settiling in between of Waddan and Sokna, Hun is the biggest town in the area and population at Aljufra, It is considered the administrative capital of the region . There is a ruined ksar it was an Italian fort (Forti), It was restored and it is now the Saharawi Museum. There are also several old and new mosques in the city . All three towns are oases characterized by the abundance of natural springs and date palm trees.[4]
Climate
[edit]Hun has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters as well as very little rainfall throughout the year. In this part of the desert, summer daytime temperatures are a bit moderated due to the influence of the cooler offshore winds from the Mediterranean Sea, although average high temperatures consistently exceed 40 °C (104 °F) during the hottest months of the year.[5] The region receives an average annual rainfall of 2.5 in (64 mm).[6]
| Climate data for Hun (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.2 (102.6) |
45.5 (113.9) |
47.2 (117.0) |
48.0 (118.4) |
47.2 (117.0) |
46.5 (115.7) |
46.0 (114.8) |
42.9 (109.2) |
38.5 (101.3) |
34.2 (93.6) |
48.0 (118.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.7 (78.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
38.1 (100.6) |
37.7 (99.9) |
36.5 (97.7) |
31.9 (89.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
29.9 (85.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −4.4 (24.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.6 (0.22) |
3.6 (0.14) |
3.0 (0.12) |
3.5 (0.14) |
1.3 (0.05) |
1.1 (0.04) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
1.8 (0.07) |
1.5 (0.06) |
1.3 (0.05) |
1.9 (0.07) |
24.7 (0.97) |
| Average precipitation days | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 5.0 |
| Source: NOAA[7] | |||||||||||||
Economy and culture
[edit]There are public buses to the cities of Sirte and Sabha. There is also a military airport located between Hun and Waddan, Al Jufra Airbase. Hun is 240 km south of Sirte, 370 km from Misrata and 272 km north of Sabha.[8] The "International Autumn Tourism Festival", is an annual festival usually held at the end of September. It is organized for four days every year from 1996. It is aimed at promoting tourism and culture and organizes concerts and exhibitions.[9]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ estimated "Libya: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". Archived from the original on 2012-12-08. World Gazetteer
- ^ Kelly, Christopher; Laycock, Stuart (2015). Italy Invades. Greenleaf Book Group. p. 63. ISBN 9780996882507.
- ^ "Nato positions" (PDF). NATO. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
- ^ McColl, R. W. (2014). Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1. Infobase Publishing. p. 543. ISBN 9780816072293.
- ^ Otman, Waniss; Karlberg, Erling (2007). The Libyan Economy: Economic Diversification and International Repositioning. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1–3. ISBN 9783540464631.
- ^ "Libya profile". 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
- ^ "Hon Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ "Distance from Tripoli". Wolframa. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- ^ "Khoms summer festival starts; Hun festival planned for October". Libya Herald. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
