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{{Catalan name|Casals|Defilló}} |
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[[Image:Pablocasals.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Pau Casals]]'''Pau Casals i Defilló''' ({{IPA-ca|ˈpaw kəˈzaɫs}}) (December 29, 1876{{ndash}}October 22, 1973), known during his professional career as '''Pau Casals''',<ref>[http://www.emiclassics.com/grocreleasedetails.php?rid=20640 EMI official web site]</ref><ref name="nyt">[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C0CE3DE1031E233A2575AC0A9629C946096D6CF Honors To Be Conferred On English Composers: Series of Concerts Devoted to modern Englishmen to be Given in London], [[New York Times]], 1911-04-09, retrieved 2009-08-01</ref><ref name="classical">[http://www.classicalnotes.net/columns/casals.html "Pau Casals - the Musician and the Man"]</ref> was a [[Catalonia|Catalan]] [[cello|cellist]] and conductor. He is generally regarded as the pre-eminent cellist of the first half of the 20th century, and one of the greatest cellists of all time. He made many recordings throughout his career, of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, also as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings of the [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] [[Cello Suites (Bach)|Cello Suites]] he made from 1936 to 1939. |
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<!-- Casals was an ardent supporter of the Catalan culture and the Spanish Republican government. After its defeat in 1939, Casals vowed not to return to Spain until democracy had been restored, although he did not live to see the end of the Franco dictatorial regime. NOTE: UNSOURCED --> |
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==Biography== |
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===Childhood and early years=== |
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Casals was born in [[El Vendrell]], [[Catalonia]]. His father, Carles Casals i Ribes (1852–1908), was a parish [[organist]] and [[conducting|choirmaster]]. He gave Casals instruction in piano, song, violin, and organ. He was also a very strict disciplinarian. When Casals was young his father would pull the piano out from the wall and have him and his brother, Arturo, stand behind it and name the notes and the scales that his father was playing. At age four Casals could play the violin, piano and flute; at the age of six he played the violin well enough to perform a solo in public. His first encounter with a cello-like instrument was from witnessing a local traveling Catalan musician, who played a cello-strung broom handle. Upon request, his father built him a crude cello, using a [[gourd]] as a sound-box. When Casals was eleven, he first heard the real cello performed by a group of traveling musicians, and decided to dedicate himself to the instrument. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} |
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In 1888 his mother, Pilar Defilló de Casals, who was born in [[Mayagüez, Puerto Rico]] of Catalonian ancestry, took him to [[Barcelona]], where he enrolled in the Escola Municipal de Música.<ref>{{cite web |
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|url = http://www.icp.gobierno.pr/zmh/zmh_noticias.htm |
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|title = Proyecto de Recuperación de la Casa Defilló |
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|publisher = Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña |
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|language = Espana |
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|date = |
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|accessdate = 2007-01-25}}</ref> There he studied cello, theory, and piano. In 1890, when he was 13, he discovered in a second-hand sheet music store in Barcelona a tattered copy of Bach's six cello suites. He spent the next 13 years practicing them every day before he would perform them in public for the first time.<ref>Eric Siblin,''The Cello Suites: J.S. Bach, Pablo Casals, and the Search for a Baroque Masterpiece''. Atlantic; 336 pages, 2010</ref> Casals would later make his own personal version of the six suites.<ref>[http://ovationpress.com/c-84-casals-pablo.aspx Ovation Press Editors: Pablo Casals]</ref> |
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He made prodigious progress as a cellist; on February 23, 1891 he gave a solo recital in Barcelona at the age of fourteen. He graduated from the ''Escola'' with honours five years later. |
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===Youth and studies=== |
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In 1893, another Spanish composer [[Isaac Albéniz]] heard him playing in a trio in a café and gave him a letter of introduction to the private secretary to [[Maria Christina of Austria|María Cristina]], the Queen Regent. Casals was asked to play at informal concerts in the palace, and was granted a royal stipend to study composition at the ''Conservatorio de Música y Declamación'' in Madrid with [[Víctor Mirecki Larramat|Víctor Mirecki]]. He also played in the newly organized Quartet Society. |
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In 1895 he went to Paris, where, having lost his stipend from Catalonia, he earned a living by playing second cello in the theater orchestra of the ''Folies Marigny''. In 1896, he returned to Catalonia and received an appointment to the faculty of the ''Escola Municipal de Música'' in Barcelona. He was also appointed principal cellist in the orchestra of Barcelona's opera house, the [[Liceu]]. In 1897 he appeared as soloist with the [[Madrid Symphony Orchestra]], and was awarded the [[Order of Charles III|Order of Carlos III]] from the Queen. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} |
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===International career=== |
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In 1899, Casals played at [[The Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], and later for [[Queen Victoria]] at [[Osborne House]], her summer residence, accompanied by [[Ernest Walker (composer)|Ernest Walker]]. On November 12 and December 17, 1899, he appeared as a soloist at Lamoureux Concerts in [[Paris]], to great public and critical acclaim. He toured Spain and the [[Netherlands]] with the pianist [[Harold Bauer]] in 1900-1901; in 1901-1902 he made his first tour of the [[United States]]; and in 1903 toured [[South America]]. |
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#REDIRECT [[Pablo Casals]] |
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On January 15, 1904, Casals was invited to play at the [[White House]] for President [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. On March 9 of that year he made his debut at [[Carnegie Hall]] in New York, playing [[Richard Strauss]]'s ''[[Don Quixote (Strauss)|Don Quixote]]'' under the baton of the composer. In 1906 he became associated with the talented young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] cellist [[Guilhermina Suggia]],<ref>Mercier, Anita [http://www.cello.org/Newsletter/Articles/suggia.htm Guilhermina Suggia], retrieved 2009-08-01</ref> who studied with him and began to appear in concerts as Mme. P. Casals-Suggia, although they were not legally married. Their relationship ended in 1912. |
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The ''[[New York Times]]'' of April 9, 1911 announced that Pablo Casals would perform at the London Musical Festival to be held at the Queen's Hall on the second day of the Festival (May 23). The piece chosen was [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]]'s Cello Concerto in D and Casals would later join [[Fritz Kreisler]] for [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]]'s [[Double Concerto (Brahms)|Double Concerto for Violin and Cello]].<ref name="nyt"/> |
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In 1914 Casals married the American socialite and singer [[Susan Metcalfe Casals|Susan Metcalfe]]; they were separated in 1928, but did not divorce until 1957. |
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Although Casals made his first recordings in 1915 (a series for [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]), it would not be until 1926 that he again released a recording (on the [[Victor Talking Machine Company|Victor]] label).<ref name="classical"/> |
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Back in Paris, Casals organized a trio with the pianist [[Alfred Cortot]] and the violinist [[Jacques Thibaud]]; they played concerts and made recordings until 1937. Casals also became interested in conducting, and in 1919 he organized, in Barcelona, the [[Pablo Casals Orchestra|Orquesta Pau Casals]] and led its first concert on October 13, 1920. With the outbreak of the [[Spanish Civil War]] in 1936, the Orquesta Pau Casals ceased its activities. |
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Casals was an ardent supporter of the [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republican government]], and after its defeat vowed not to return to Spain until democracy was restored. Casals performed at the Gran Teatre del Liceu on October 19, 1938, possibly his last performance in Catalonia before his exile.<ref>Abella, Rafael ''La vida cotidiana durante la guerra civil: la España republicana'' p. 422 (published by Editorial Planeta, 1975)</ref> |
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He settled in the French village of [[Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales|Prada de Conflent]], on the Spanish frontier; between 1939 and 1942 he made sporadic appearances as a cellist in the unoccupied zone of southern France and in [[Switzerland]]. So fierce was his opposition to the dictatorial regime of [[Francisco Franco]] in Spain that he refused to appear in countries that recognized the authoritarian Spanish government. He made a notable exception when he took part in a concert of [[chamber music]] in the [[White House]] on November 13, 1961, at the invitation of President [[John F. Kennedy]], whom he admired. On December 6, 1963, Casals was awarded the U.S. [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20071018025824/www.medaloffreedom.com/Chronological.htm Chronological List of Medal of Freedom], archived 2007-10-18, retrieved 2009-08-01</ref> |
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[[Image:PresMedalFreedom.jpg|thumb|95px|left|Presidential Medal of Freedom]] |
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Throughout most of his professional career, he played on a cello that was labeled and attributed to "[[Carlo Annibale Tononi|Carlo Tononi]] ... 1733" but after playing it for 50 years it was discovered to have been created by the Venetian [[luthier]] [[Matteo Goffriller]] around 1700. It was acquired by Casals in 1913.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=2366|title=Cello by Matteo Goffriller, 1700c (ex-Casals)|publisher=Cozio|accessdate=2007-01-22}}</ref> He also played another cello by Goffriller dated 1710, and a Tononi from 1730. |
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====Prades Festivals==== |
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In 1950 he resumed his career as conductor and cellist at the [[Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales|Prades]] Festival in [[Conflent]], organized in commemoration of the bicentenary of the death of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]; Casals agreed to participate on condition that all proceeds were to go to a refugee hospital in nearby [[Perpignan]].<ref name="classical"/> |
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In 1952, Casals met [[Marta Casals Istomin|Marta Angélica Montañez y Martinez]], a 17-year-old [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Rican]] student who had gone to [[Spain]] to participate in the Festival. Casals was very impressed with her and encouraged her to return to [[Mannes College of Music]] in [[New York]] to continue her studies. He continued leading the Prades Festivals until 1966. {{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} |
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====Puerto Rico==== |
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Casals first traveled to [[Puerto Rico]] in 1955, inaugurating the annual [[Casals Festival]] the next year. In 1955 Casals married as his second wife long-time associate Francesca Vidal de Capdevila, who died that same year. On April 3, 1957 (or August 3), at 80, Casals married 20-year-old Marta Montañez y Martinez.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nndb.com/people/596/000093317|title=Pablo Casals|accessdate=5 February 2011}}</ref> They made their permanent residence in the town of [[Ceiba, Puerto Rico|Ceiba]], and lived in a house called "El Pesebre" (The Manger).<ref>[http://www.festcasalspr.gobierno.pr/historia.html Festival Casals de Puerto Rico: Historia], retrieved 2009-08-01 {{Es icon}}</ref> He made an impact in the Puerto Rican music scene, by founding the [[Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra]] in 1958, and the [[Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico]] in 1959. |
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===Later years=== |
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In the 1960s, Casals gave many master classes throughout the world in places such as [[Zermatt]], [[Tuscany]], [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], and [[Marlboro, Vermont|Marlboro]] (where he also conducted and recorded unique versions of the six [[Brandenburg concertos|Brandenburg Concerti]]){{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}. Several of these master classes were televised. |
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In 1961, he performed at the [[White House]] by invitation of [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]. This performance was recorded and released as an album. |
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Casals was also a composer. Perhaps his most effective work is ''[[Sardana|La Sardana]]'', for an ensemble of cellos, which he composed in 1926. His oratorio ''El Pesebre'' was performed for the first time in [[Acapulco]], [[Mexico]], on December 17, 1960. He also presented it to the [[United Nations]] during their anniversary in 1963. He was initiated as an honorary member of the Epsilon Iota Chapter of [[Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia]] music fraternity at [[The Florida State University]] in 1963.<ref>[http://www.sinfonia.org/TheSinfonian/issues/2002-12-part1.pdf ''The Sinfonian'' December 2002]</ref> He was later awarded the fraternity's [[Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award]] in 1973. |
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One of his last compositions was the "Hymn of the [[United Nations]]".<ref>[http://www.un.org/geninfo/faq/factsheets/hymn.pdf United Nations - Fact Sheet # 9: "Does the UN have a hymn or national anthem?"]</ref> He conducted its first performance in a special concert at the United Nations on October 24, 1971, two months before his 95th birthday. On that day, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, [[U Thant]] awarded Pau Casals the U.N. Peace Medal in recognition of his stance for peace, justice and freedom.<ref>Pau Casals Foundation, [http://www.paucasals.org/en/-PAU-CASALS-United-Nations-speech United Nations Peace Medal]</ref> Casals accepted the medal and made his famous "I am a Catalan" speech,<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKlkO3Tt3Kw Video of Pau Casals "I am a catalan" speech, 1971]</ref> where he stated that [[Catalonia]] had the first democratic [[parliament]], long before England did. [Iceland and the Isle of Man both had a parliament before Catalonia.] |
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Casals' memoirs were taken down by [[Albert E. Kahn]], and published as ''Joys and Sorrows: Pablo Casals, His Own Story'' (1970). |
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=== Death === |
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Casals died in 1973 in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], at the age of 96 and was buried at the Puerto Rico National Cemetery. He did not live to see the end of the Franco dictatorial regime, but he was posthumously honoured by the Spanish government under [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|King Juan Carlos I]] which, in 1976, issued a commemorative postage stamp to Pau Casals in honour of the [[centenary]] of his birth.<ref>''El País''/Sociedad Estatal de Correos y Telegrafos 2003</ref> In 1979 his remains were laid to rest in his hometown of El Vendrell, Catalonia. In 1989, Casals was posthumously awarded a [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]].<ref>[http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/ Lifetime Achievement Award], [[Grammy Award]] official web site, retrieved 2009-08-01.</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
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[[Image:Pau Casals centenary statue.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Centenary]] statue, [[Montserrat (mountain)|Montserrat]]]] |
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The International Pau Casals Cello Competition is held in [[Kronberg im Taunus|Kronberg]] and [[Frankfurt am Main]], Germany, under the auspices of the [[Kronberg Academy]] once every four years, starting in 2000, to discover and further the careers of the future cello elite, and is supported by the Pau Casals Foundation, under the patronage of [[Marta Casals Istomin]]. One of the prizes is the use of one of the Gofriller cellos owned by Casals. The first top prize was awarded in 2000 to [[Claudio Bohórquez]]. |
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American comedian [[George Carlin]], in his interview for the [[Archive of American Television]], refers to Casals when discussing the restless nature of an artist's persona. As Carlin states, when Casals (then age 93) was asked why he continued to practice the cello three hours a day, Casals replied, "'I'm beginning to notice some improvement...' [A]nd that's the thing that's in me. I notice myself getting better at this," Carlin continued. |
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In [[Puerto Rico]], the [[Casals Festival]] is still celebrated annually. There is also a museum dedicated to the life of Casals located in [[Old San Juan]]. On October 3, 2009, Sala Sinfonica Pablo Casals, a symphony hall named in Casals' honor, opened in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]. The $34 million building, designed by Rodolfo Fernandez, is the latest addition to the [[Centro de Bellas Artes]] complex. It is the new home of the [[Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra]]. |
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==Partial Discography== |
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*1926–1928: Casals, [[Jacques Thibaud]] and [[Alfred Cortot]] – the first trios of Schubert, Schumann and Mendelssohn, the Beethoven "Archduke," Haydn's G Major and Beethoven's "Kakadu" Variations (Recorded in London)[[File:Monument a Pau Casals a Wolfenbuettel.JPG|thumb|miniatur|170px|Pau Casals bust, [[Wolfenbüttel]], Germany]] |
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*1929, Brahms: Double Concerto with Thibaud and Cortot conducting Casals' own orchestra. |
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*1929: Dvorak and Brahms Concerti |
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*1929: Beethoven: Fourth Symphony (Recorded in Barcelona) |
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*1930: Beethoven: Cello Sonata Op. 69, with [[Otto Schulhof]]. |
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*1936-1939: Bach: [[Cello Suites (Bach)|Cello Suites]]'' |
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*1936: Beethoven: Cello Sonata Op. 102 No. 1; and Brahms: Cello Sonata Op. 99, both with [[Mieczysław Horszowski]]. |
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*1936: Boccherini: Cello Concerto in B-flat; and Bruch: ''Kol Nidrei'' - London Symphony conducted by [[Landon Ronald]]. |
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*1937: Dvořák: Cello Concerto - Czech Philharmonic conducted by [[George Szell]]. |
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*1939: Beethoven: Cello Sonatas Nos. 1, 2, and 5, with Mieczysław Horszowski. |
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*1945: Elgar and Haydn Cello Concertos - BBC Symphony conducted by Sir [[Adrian Boult]]. |
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*1950: The first of the Prades Festival recordings on Columbia, including: |
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**Bach: Sonatas for Viola da Gamba, BWV 1027-1029, with [[Paul Baumgartner]] |
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**Schumann: Fünf Stücke im Volkston, with [[Leopold Mannes]] |
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**Schumann: Cello Concerto, with Casals conducting from the cello. |
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*1951: At the Perpignan Festival, including: |
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**Beethoven: Cello Sonata Op. 5 No. 2, and three sets of Variations, with [[Rudolf Serkin]] |
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**Beethoven: Trios, Op. 1 No. 2, Op. 70 No. 2, Op. 97, and the Clarinet Op. 11 transcription; also |
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**Schubert: Trio No. 1, D.898, all with [[Alexander Schneider]] and [[Eugene Istomin]]. |
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*1952: At Prades, including: |
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**Brahms: Trio Op. 8, with [[Isaac Stern]] and [[Myra Hess]] |
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**Brahms: Trio Op. 87, with [[Joseph Szigeti]] and Myra Hess |
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**Schumann: Trio Op. 63, and Schubert: Trio #2, D.929, both with Alexander Schneider and Mieczysław Horszowski |
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**Schubert: C Major Quintet, with Isaac Stern, Alexander Schneider, [[Milton Katims]], and [[Paul Tortelier]] |
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**Brahms: Sextet No. 1, again with Stern, Schneider, and Katims, plus [[Milton Thomas]] and [[Madeline Foley]] |
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*1953: At Prades, including: |
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**Beethoven: Cello Sonatas Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5, with Rudolf Serkin |
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**Beethoven: Trios Op. 1 No. 1, and Op. 70 No. 1, with [[Joseph Fuchs]] and Eugene Istomin |
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**Schumann: Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 129, with Eugene Ormandy conducting the Festival orchestra |
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*1954: At Prades (all live performances), including: |
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**Beethoven: Cello Sonata No. 5, and Op. 66 Variations, with Mieczysław Horszowski |
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**Beethoven: Trios Op. 70 No. 1, and Op. 121a, with [[Szymon Goldberg]] and Rudolf Serkin |
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*1955: At Prades (all live performances), including: |
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**Brahms: Trios Nos. 1-3, with [[Yehudi Menuhin]] and Eugene Istomin |
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**Brahms: Clarinet Trio Op. 114, with clarinetist David Oppenheim and Eugene Istomin |
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**Beethoven: Trio Op. 70 No. 2, with Szymon Goldberg and Rudolf Serkin |
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*1956: At Prades (all live performances), including: |
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**Bach: Sonata BWV 1027 for Viola da Gamba, with Mieczysław Horszowski |
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**Schumann: Trio No. 2, with Yehudi Menuhin and Mieczysław Horszowski |
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**Schumann: Trio No. 3, with [[Sándor Végh]] and Rudolf Serkin |
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*1958: At [[Beethoven-Haus]] in [[Bonn]] (all live performances), including: |
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**Beethoven: Sonata Op. 5 No. 1, with [[Wilhelm Kempff]] |
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**Beethoven: Sonatas Op. 5 No. 2, Op. 102 No. 2, and the Horn Op. 17 transcription, with Mieczysław Horszowski |
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**Beethoven: Trios Op. 1 No. 3, and Op. 97, with Sándor Végh and Mieczysław Horszowski |
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**Beethoven: Trio Op. 70 No. 1, with Sándor Végh and [[Karl Engel]] |
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*1959: At Prades (all live performances), including: |
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**Haydn: "Farewell" Symphony (No. 45) and Mozart "Linz" Symphony (No. 36) |
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**Beethoven: Trio Op. 1 No. 3, with Yehudi and [[Hephzibah Menuhin]] |
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**Schubert: String Quintet, with the [[Budapest String Quartet]] |
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*1961: Mendelssohn: Piano Trio No. 1 with [[Alexander Schneider]] and [[Mieczysław Horszowski]] (Recorded live November 13, 1961 at the White House) |
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*1963: Beethoven: Eighth Symphony |
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*1963: Mendelssohn: Fourth Symphony, at Marlboro |
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*1964-65: Bach: Brandenburg Concerti, at Marlboro |
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*1966: [[Orchestral suites (Bach)|Bach: Orchestral Suites]], at Marlboro |
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*1969: Beethoven: First, Second, Fourth, Sixth ("Pastorale"), and Seventh Symphonies |
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*1974: ''El Pessebre (The Manger)'' oratorio |
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==See also== |
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* [[C-32 (highway)]], a highway in Catalonia named after Casals |
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* [[List of Catalans]] |
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* [[List of Puerto Ricans]] |
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* [[Windjammer (1958 film)]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* ''Joys and Sorrows; Reflections'', Pau Casals, (1973) ISBN 0-671-21774-7 |
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* [[Song of the birds]], [[Julian Lloyd Webber]], (1985) ISBN 0-86051-305-X |
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* ''Just Play Naturally'', Vivien Mackie (in conversation with Joe Armstrong), (2002) ISBN 9780971700406 |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Pau Casals}} |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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* [http://www.paucasals.cat/en/home/ Pau Casals Foundation] |
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* [http://www.overgrownpath.com/2010/11/musician-is-also-man.html Photo feature on ''L'espace Casals'' in Prades] |
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* [http://www.elvendrell.cat/ Pau Casals' home town of El Vendrell] |
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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKlkO3Tt3Kw Speak of Pau Casals on 24th October of 1971 in the ONU] |
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* [http://www.festcasalspr.gobierno.pr Casals Festival], San Juan, Puerto Rico |
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* [http://www.prades-festival-casals.com/ Festival Casals de Prades] Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales, France |
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* [http://www.overgrownpath.com/2008/08/in-search-of-pablo-casals.html 'In search of Pablo Casals' on ''Overgrown Path'' music website] |
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* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=q7147}} |
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* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5445995792243708180 Historic 26min video of Pablo Casals' exiled in Prada 1939-1942 - J.S.Bach Suite n.1 in the Abbey of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa] * [http://www.classicalnotes.net/columns/casals.html Discography and bibliography] |
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* [http://fischer.hosting.paran.com/music/Casals/discography-casalstrio.htm Trio with Alfred Cortot and Jacques Thibaud - Performances records, Recordings and discography] ([http://fischer.hosting.paran.com/music/ Youngrok Lee's Classical Music page]) |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Casals, Pau |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1876 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1973 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Casals, Pau}} |
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[[Category:1876 births]] |
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[[Category:1973 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Catalan people]] |
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[[Category:Catalan classical cellists]] |
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[[Category:Catalan composers]] |
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[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]] |
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[[Category:Music educators]] |
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[[Category:Spanish expatriates in Puerto Rico]] |
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[[Category:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists]] |
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[[Category:Spanish classical cellists]] |
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[[Category:Spanish composers]] |
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[[Category:20th-century classical composers]] |
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[[Category:Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur]] |
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[[Category:Alumni of the Madrid Royal Conservatory]] |
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[[Category:People from Baix Penedès]] |
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[[Category:Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society]] |
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[[uk:Пабло Казальс]] |
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[[zh:帕布罗·卡萨尔斯]] |
Latest revision as of 21:18, 26 October 2018
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