Eighty Five East Ridge: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Near-linear, aseismic, age-progressive ridge in the northeastern Indian Ocean}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Eighty Five East Ridge''' or '''85°E Ridge''' is a near-linear, aseismic, age-progressive ridge in the northeastern [[Indian Ocean]]. It is named for its near-parallel strike along the [[85th meridian east|85th meridian]].<ref name=Michael>{{cite journal|last=Michael|first=Laju| |
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[[File:85E Ridge FreeAir.png|thumb|[[Free-air gravity anomaly|Free-air gravity]] map of northeastern Indian Ocean showing location of 85°E Ridge]] |
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| ⚫ | The '''Eighty Five East Ridge''' or '''85°E Ridge''' is a near-linear, aseismic, age-progressive ridge in the northeastern [[Indian Ocean]]. It is named for its near-parallel strike along the [[85th meridian east|85th meridian]].<ref name=Michael>{{cite journal|last=Michael|first=Laju|author2=K. S. Krishna|title=Dating of the 85°E Ridge (northeastern Indian Ocean) using marine magnetic anomalies|journal=Current Science|date=May 2011|volume=100|issue=9|pages=1314–1322|url=http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/3853|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> It is one of two major aseismic ridges in the [[Bay of Bengal]], the other being the [[Ninety East Ridge]].<ref name=Sar>{{cite journal |last=Sar |first=D. |author2=M.K. Maheshwari |author3=S. Rangarajan |author4=C. S. Bahuguna |title=Eighty five degrees east ridge & its hydrocarbon potential |journal=Geohorizons |date=July 2009 |volume=15 |url=http://www.spgindia.org/geohorizon/july2009/d_sar.pdf |publisher=Society of Petroleum Geophysicists (SPG), India}}</ref> The feature extends from the Mahanadi Basin in the north, off the northeastern coast of [[India]], shifts westwards by about 250 km around [[5th parallel north|5°N]], southeast of [[Sri Lanka]] and continues south to the Afanasy Nikitin Seamount in the Central Indian Basin.<ref name=Sreejith>{{cite journal |last=Sreejith |first=K. M. |author2=M. Radhakrishna |author3=K. S. Krishna |author4=T. J. Majumdar |title=Development of the negative gravity anomaly of the 85°E Ridge, northeastern Indian Ocean – A process oriented modelling approach |journal=Journal of Earth System Science |date=August 2011 |volume=120 |issue=4 |pages=605–616 |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jess/120/04/0605-0615|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences|bibcode = 2011JESS..120..605S |doi = 10.1007/s12040-011-0099-9 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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[[ Reflection seismology|Seismic studies]] have shown that the morphology of the ridge including its depth of occurrence varies along the ridge track and that in general the ridge has been buried beneath sediments deposited since the [[Oligocene]]. The ridge is associated with complicated gravity and magnetic signatures. The northern part of the ridge is buried beneath thick sediments of the [[Bengal Fan]] and shows a negative gravity anomaly. Ridge structures in the south occasionally rise above the sea floor and are associated with a positive gravity anomaly. The magnetic signatures associated with the ridge are complex, with alternate stripes of strong positive and negative anomalies. Magnetic modelling of the ridge suggests that it was emplaced over a period of rapid [[geomagnetic reversal]]s whereas the underlying oceanic crust was formed in a normal magnetic field of the [[Cretaceous normal superchron]] or "Cretaceous quiet period". The correlation of the magnetization pattern of the ridge and the geomagnetic polarity timescale suggests that the volcanism that created the ridge started ~80 Ma (magnetic chron time 33r |
No wells have been drilled on the ridge.<ref name=Sar/> Samples of the ridge from the [[Afanasy Nikitin]] Seamount were [[ultramafic]] [[dunite]].<ref name=Sar/> [[Reflection seismology|Seismic studies]] have shown that the morphology of the ridge including its depth of occurrence varies along the ridge track and that in general the ridge has been buried beneath sediments deposited since the [[Oligocene]].<ref name=Michael/> The ridge is associated with complicated gravity and magnetic signatures.<ref name=Michael/> The northern part of the ridge is buried beneath thick sediments of the [[Bengal Fan]] and shows a negative [[gravity anomaly]].<ref name=Michael/> Ridge structures in the south occasionally rise above the sea floor and are associated with a positive gravity anomaly.<ref name=Michael/> The magnetic signatures associated with the ridge are complex, with alternate stripes of strong positive and negative anomalies.<ref name=Michael/> Magnetic modelling of the ridge suggests that it was emplaced over a period of rapid [[geomagnetic reversal]]s whereas the underlying [[oceanic crust]] was formed in a normal magnetic field of the [[Cretaceous normal superchron]] or "Cretaceous quiet period".<ref name=Michael/> The correlation of the magnetization pattern of the ridge and the geomagnetic polarity timescale suggests that the volcanism that created the ridge started ~80 Ma (magnetic chron time 33r) in the Mahanadi Basin and the process continued southwards, ending at ~55 Ma near the Afanasy Nikitin Seamount.<ref name=Michael/> There are several proposals to explain the origin and development of the ridge, one of which is that the volcanism was caused by a short-lived [[Hotspot (geology)|hotspot]].<ref name=Michael/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*{{cite journal |last=Bastia |first=Rabi |author2=M. Radhakrishna |author3=Suman Das |author4=Anand S. Kale |author5=Octavian Catuneanu |title=Delineation of the 85°E ridge and its structure in the Mahanadi Offshore Basin, Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI), from seismic reflection imaging |journal=[[Marine and Petroleum Geology]] |date=October 2010 |volume=27 |issue=9 |pages=1841–1848 |doi=10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.08.003}} |
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*{{cite journal| title=The bent prolongation of the 85°E Ridge south of 5°N – Fact or fiction?| author1=Tabea Altenbernd| author2=Wilfried Jokat| author3=Wolfram Geissler| journal=[[Tectonophysics]]| volume=785| date=20 June 2020| at=228457| doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228457}} |
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{{coord missing|Indian Ocean}} |
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[[Category:Underwater ridges of the Indian Ocean]] |
[[Category:Underwater ridges of the Indian Ocean]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:16, 4 July 2021
The Eighty Five East Ridge or 85°E Ridge is a near-linear, aseismic, age-progressive ridge in the northeastern Indian Ocean. It is named for its near-parallel strike along the 85th meridian.[1] It is one of two major aseismic ridges in the Bay of Bengal, the other being the Ninety East Ridge.[2] The feature extends from the Mahanadi Basin in the north, off the northeastern coast of India, shifts westwards by about 250 km around 5°N, southeast of Sri Lanka and continues south to the Afanasy Nikitin Seamount in the Central Indian Basin.[3]
No wells have been drilled on the ridge.[2] Samples of the ridge from the Afanasy Nikitin Seamount were ultramafic dunite.[2] Seismic studies have shown that the morphology of the ridge including its depth of occurrence varies along the ridge track and that in general the ridge has been buried beneath sediments deposited since the Oligocene.[1] The ridge is associated with complicated gravity and magnetic signatures.[1] The northern part of the ridge is buried beneath thick sediments of the Bengal Fan and shows a negative gravity anomaly.[1] Ridge structures in the south occasionally rise above the sea floor and are associated with a positive gravity anomaly.[1] The magnetic signatures associated with the ridge are complex, with alternate stripes of strong positive and negative anomalies.[1] Magnetic modelling of the ridge suggests that it was emplaced over a period of rapid geomagnetic reversals whereas the underlying oceanic crust was formed in a normal magnetic field of the Cretaceous normal superchron or "Cretaceous quiet period".[1] The correlation of the magnetization pattern of the ridge and the geomagnetic polarity timescale suggests that the volcanism that created the ridge started ~80 Ma (magnetic chron time 33r) in the Mahanadi Basin and the process continued southwards, ending at ~55 Ma near the Afanasy Nikitin Seamount.[1] There are several proposals to explain the origin and development of the ridge, one of which is that the volcanism was caused by a short-lived hotspot.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Michael, Laju; K. S. Krishna (May 2011). "Dating of the 85°E Ridge (northeastern Indian Ocean) using marine magnetic anomalies". Current Science. 100 (9). Indian Academy of Sciences: 1314–1322.
- ^ a b c Sar, D.; M.K. Maheshwari; S. Rangarajan; C. S. Bahuguna (July 2009). "Eighty five degrees east ridge & its hydrocarbon potential" (PDF). Geohorizons. 15. Society of Petroleum Geophysicists (SPG), India.
- ^ Sreejith, K. M.; M. Radhakrishna; K. S. Krishna; T. J. Majumdar (August 2011). "Development of the negative gravity anomaly of the 85°E Ridge, northeastern Indian Ocean – A process oriented modelling approach". Journal of Earth System Science. 120 (4). Indian Academy of Sciences: 605–616. Bibcode:2011JESS..120..605S. doi:10.1007/s12040-011-0099-9.
Further reading
[edit]- Bastia, Rabi; M. Radhakrishna; Suman Das; Anand S. Kale; Octavian Catuneanu (October 2010). "Delineation of the 85°E ridge and its structure in the Mahanadi Offshore Basin, Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI), from seismic reflection imaging". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 27 (9): 1841–1848. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.08.003.
- Tabea Altenbernd; Wilfried Jokat; Wolfram Geissler (20 June 2020). "The bent prolongation of the 85°E Ridge south of 5°N – Fact or fiction?". Tectonophysics. 785. 228457. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228457.