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{{Short description|Infrastructure without which the Internet would not function}}
{{orphan|date=December 2009}}
__NOTOC__
'''Internet infrastructure''' refers to the physical systems that provide internet communication. It include [[networking cable]]s, [[cellular towers]], [[internet server|servers]], [[internet exchange point]]s, [[data center]]s, and individual [[computers]].


==Background==
'''Critical Internet infrastructure''' is a collective term for all hardware and software systems that constitute essential components in the operation of the [[Internet]].
Several studies and events have helped to define the scope of critical Internet infrastructure. In August 2013, Internet infrastructure experts including Yuval Shavitt, [[Bill Woodcock]], Rossella Mattioli, Thomas Haeberlen, Ethan Katz-Bassett and Roland Dobbins convened for six days at [[Schloss Dagstuhl]] to refine the academic and policy understanding of critical Internet infrastructure, producing a number of papers in the process.<ref name="dagstuhl">{{cite journal |editor1-last=Carle |editor1-first=Georg |editor2-last=Schiller |editor2-first=Jochen |editor3-last=Uhlig |editor3-first=Steve |editor4-last=Willinger |editor4-first=Walter |editor5-last=Wählisch |editor5-first=Mattias |title=The Critical Internet Infrastructure |journal=Dagstuhl Reports |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=27–39 |doi=10.4230/DagRep.3.8.27 |publisher=Dagstuhl Publishing |location=Schloss Dagstuhl |language=English |date=9 August 2013 |last1=Carle |first1=Georg |last2=Schiller |first2=Jochen |last3=Uhlig |first3=Steve |last4=Willinger |first4=Walter |last5=Wählisch |first5=Matthias |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2017, the [[Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace]] undertook a global survey of Internet infrastructure experts in order to assess the degree of consensus on what constituted critical Internet infrastructure, producing a ''[[Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace#Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies|Definition of the Public Core]]'' which has since been used by the [[OECD]] and others as a standardized description of the principal elements of Internet critical infrastructure.<ref name="def-public-core">{{cite web |title=Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies |url=https://cyberstability.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Definition-of-the-Public-Core-of-the-Internet.pdf |publisher=Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace |date=21 May 2018 |access-date=25 June 2021 |quote=As input to its process, a working group of the GCSC conducted a broad survey of experts on [[communications infrastructure]] and cyber defense to assess which infrastructures were deemed most worthy of protection. On a scale of zero to ten, with zero being 'unworthy of special protection' and ten being 'essential to include in the protected class,' all surveyed categories ranked between 6.02 and 9.01. Accordingly, the Commission defines the phrase 'the public core of the Internet' to include packet routing and forwarding, naming and numbering systems, the cryptographic mechanisms of security and identity, and physical transmission media. |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308021945/https://cyberstability.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Definition-of-the-Public-Core-of-the-Internet.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the GCSC Critical Infrastructure Assessment Working Group |date=November 20, 2017 |publisher=Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace |pages=61 |url=https://www.pch.net/resources/Papers/GCSC/GCSC-CI-WG-Delhi-Nov-2017.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626155229/https://www.pch.net/resources/Papers/GCSC/GCSC-CI-WG-Delhi-Nov-2017.pdf |access-date=26 June 2021|archive-date=2021-06-26 }}</ref> In addition to these globally-applicable findings, nationally-specific definitions have been made by individual governments, for example by the US [[Government Accountability Office]] in 2006<ref name="gao">{{cite web |title=Internet Infrastructure: DHS Faces Challenges in Developing a Joint Public/Private Recovery Plan |url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-06-672.pdf |publisher=United States Government Accountability Office |date=June 2006}}</ref> and the US [[White House]] in 2013.<ref name="ppd21">{{cite web |title=Presidential Policy Directive 21: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/presidential-policy-directive-critical-infrastructure-security-and-resil |publisher=The White House |date=12 February 2013}}</ref>


==GCSC definition==
Physical transmission lines of all types, such as wired, [[Fiber Optics|fiber optic]] and [[Microwaves|microwave]] links, along with [[Router (computing)|routing equipment]], the accompanying critical software services like the [[Domain Name System]] (DNS), [[Email]], website hosting, authentication and authorization, storage systems, and [[database]] servers are considered critical Internet components<ref>[http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-06-672], GAO Report on DHS Internet Infrastructure Challenges</ref><ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/], IETF Working group calls DNS critical Internet infrastructure</ref>. If any of these systems and services were to be interrupted for a significant period of time "[t]he Internet...as we know it would collapse".<ref>[http://www.stevegibbard.com/], Steve Gibbard is an expert on critical Internet infrastructure</ref>
The report of the GCSC Critical Infrastructure Assessment Working Group has summarized the results of their survey in a comprehensive definition of Critical Internet infrastructure, which includes the following elements:<ref name="def-public-core"/>
* Packet routing and forwarding
* Naming and numbering systems
* Security and identity protection
* Physical transmission media


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Plain old telephone service]]
* [[Critical infrastructure]]
* [[Critical infrastructure]]
* [[Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.osce.org/item/13570.html Media Freedom Internet Cookbook] by the [[OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media]] Vienna, 2004
*[http://www.livinginternet.com Living Internet]—Internet history and related information, including information from many creators of the Internet
*[http://www.firstmonday.org/ First Monday] peer-reviewed journal on the Internet
*[http://discovermagazine.com/2007/jun/how-much-does-the-internet-weigh How Much Does The Internet Weigh?] by Stephen Cass, [[Discover (magazine)|Discover]] 2007
*Rehmeyer, Julie J. 2007. Mappin
*Castells, M. 1996. Rise of the Network Society. 3 vols. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: [[Blackwell Publishers]].
*Castells, M. (2001), “Lessons from the History of Internet”, in “[[The Internet Galaxy]]”, Ch. 1, pp 9–35. Oxford Univ. Press.


==External links==
== External links ==
* [https://dig.watch/topics/infrastructure Digital Watch - Infrastructure]
*[http://www.internetvalley.com/archives/mirrors/cerf-how-inet.txt How the Internet Came to Be]
*[http://www.searchandgo.com/articles/internet/net-explained-1.php Internet Explained]
*[http://www.internettrafficreport.com/ Global Internet Traffic Report]
*[http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml The Internet Society History Page]
*[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc801.txt RFC 801, planning the TCP/IP switchover]
*[http://www.future-internet.eu/ European Future Internet Portal]


[[Category:Internet]]
[[Category:Internet terminology]]
[[Category:Internet architecture]]

Latest revision as of 15:55, 26 August 2024

Internet infrastructure refers to the physical systems that provide internet communication. It include networking cables, cellular towers, servers, internet exchange points, data centers, and individual computers.

Background

[edit]

Several studies and events have helped to define the scope of critical Internet infrastructure. In August 2013, Internet infrastructure experts including Yuval Shavitt, Bill Woodcock, Rossella Mattioli, Thomas Haeberlen, Ethan Katz-Bassett and Roland Dobbins convened for six days at Schloss Dagstuhl to refine the academic and policy understanding of critical Internet infrastructure, producing a number of papers in the process.[1] In 2017, the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace undertook a global survey of Internet infrastructure experts in order to assess the degree of consensus on what constituted critical Internet infrastructure, producing a Definition of the Public Core which has since been used by the OECD and others as a standardized description of the principal elements of Internet critical infrastructure.[2][3] In addition to these globally-applicable findings, nationally-specific definitions have been made by individual governments, for example by the US Government Accountability Office in 2006[4] and the US White House in 2013.[5]

GCSC definition

[edit]

The report of the GCSC Critical Infrastructure Assessment Working Group has summarized the results of their survey in a comprehensive definition of Critical Internet infrastructure, which includes the following elements:[2]

  • Packet routing and forwarding
  • Naming and numbering systems
  • Security and identity protection
  • Physical transmission media

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Carle, Georg; Schiller, Jochen; Uhlig, Steve; Willinger, Walter; Wählisch, Matthias (9 August 2013). Carle, Georg; Schiller, Jochen; Uhlig, Steve; Willinger, Walter; Wählisch, Mattias (eds.). "The Critical Internet Infrastructure". Dagstuhl Reports. 3 (8). Schloss Dagstuhl: Dagstuhl Publishing: 27–39. doi:10.4230/DagRep.3.8.27.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies" (PDF). Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace. 21 May 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021. As input to its process, a working group of the GCSC conducted a broad survey of experts on communications infrastructure and cyber defense to assess which infrastructures were deemed most worthy of protection. On a scale of zero to ten, with zero being 'unworthy of special protection' and ten being 'essential to include in the protected class,' all surveyed categories ranked between 6.02 and 9.01. Accordingly, the Commission defines the phrase 'the public core of the Internet' to include packet routing and forwarding, naming and numbering systems, the cryptographic mechanisms of security and identity, and physical transmission media.
  3. ^ Report of the GCSC Critical Infrastructure Assessment Working Group (PDF). Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace. November 20, 2017. p. 61. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-26. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Internet Infrastructure: DHS Faces Challenges in Developing a Joint Public/Private Recovery Plan" (PDF). United States Government Accountability Office. June 2006.
  5. ^ "Presidential Policy Directive 21: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience". The White House. 12 February 2013.
[edit]
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