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Adding local short description: "Horticultural tool used to identify the phenological development stages of plants", overriding Wikidata description "horticultural tool"
 
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{{Short description|Horticultural tool used to identify the phenological development stages of plants}}
{{notability|date=January 2012}}
The '''BBCH-scale''' is used to identify the [[phenology|phenological]] development stages of plants.<ref>{{cite journal
{{one source|date=January 2012}}
| last = Meier
⚫
The '''BBCH-scale''' is a scale used to identify the [[phenology|phenological]] development stages of a plant. A series of BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of [[crop]] species. Phenological development stages of plants are used in a number of scientific disciplines ([[Plant physiology|crop physiology]], [[phytopathology]], [[entomology]] and [[plant breeding]]) and in the agriculture industry (timing of pesticide application, fertization, agricultural insurance). The BBCH-scale uses a decimal code system, which is divided into principal and secondary growth stages, and is based on the cereal code system ([[Zadoks scale]]) developed by Zadoks<ref>
| first = U.
| title = Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants
| journal = BBCH Monograph
| date = 2001
| doi = 10.5073/bbch0515
| url = https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/BBCH/article/view/515
| access-date = 2018-10-15
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181015152947/https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/BBCH/article/view/515
| archive-date = 2018-10-15
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of [[crop]] species where similar growth stages of each plant are given the same code.

⚫
Phenological development stages of plants are used in a number of scientific disciplines ([[Plant physiology|crop physiology]], [[phytopathology]], [[entomology]] and [[plant breeding]]) and in the agriculture industry ([[Regulation of pesticides in the European Union|risk assessment of pesticides]], timing of pesticide application, fertilization, agricultural insurance). The BBCH-scale uses a decimal code system, which is divided into principal and secondary growth stages, and is based on the cereal code system ([[Zadoks scale]]) developed by [[Jan Zadoks]].<ref>
{{cite journal
{{cite journal
| last = Zadoks
| last = Zadoks
| first = J.C.
| first = J.C. |author2=T.T. Chang |author3=C.F. Konzak
| coauthors = T.T. Chang, C.F. Konzak
| title = A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals.
| title = A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals.
| journal = Weed Research
| journal = Weed Research
Line 16: Line 28:
</ref>
</ref>


Officially, the abbreviation BBCH derives from "Biologische '''B'''undesanstalt, '''B'''undessortenamt and '''CH'''emical industry". Unofficially, the abbreviation is said to represent the four agrichemical companies (Bayer, BASF, Ciba-Geigy and Hoechst) that sponsored the initial development of the system.{{cn}}
The abbreviation BBCH derives from the names of the originally participating stakeholders: "'''B'''iologische Bundesanstalt, '''B'''undessortenamt und '''CH'''emische Industrie". Allegedly, the abbreviation is said to unofficially represent the four companies that initially sponsored its development; [[Bayer]], [[BASF]], [[Ciba-Geigy]], and [[Hoechst AG|Hoechst]].<ref name=BBCH-scale>{{cite web|title=E-Notes|url=http://www.enotes.com/topic/BBCH-scale|publisher=E-Notes}}</ref>

== Basic principles ==
* The BBCH-scale provides a framework to develop scales for individual crops.
* Similar growth stages of each plant species are given the same BBCH code.
* Each code has a description and important growth stages have additional drawings included.
* The first digit of the scale refers to the principal growth stage.
* The second digit refers to the secondary growth stage which corresponds to an ordinal number or percentage value.
* Post harvest or storage treatment is coded as '''99'''.
* Seed treatment before planting is coded as '''00'''.

== Principal growth stages ==
* '''0''': Germination, sprouting, bud development
* '''1''': Leaf development
* '''2''': Formation of side shoots, tillering
* '''3''': Stem elongation or rosette growth, shoot development
* '''4''': Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts, bolting
* '''5''': Inflorescence emergence, heading
* '''6''': Flowering
* '''7''': Development of fruit
* '''8''': Ripening or maturity of fruit and seed
* '''9''': Senescence, beginning of dormancy


==See also==
==See also==
BBCH scales for plants or plant groups:
BBCH-scales for plants or plant groups:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{columns
|col1=
*[[BBCH-scale (bean)|Bean]]
*[[BBCH-scale (bean)|Bean]]
*[[BBCH-scale (beet)|Beet]]
*[[BBCH-scale (beet)|Beet]]
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*[[BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables forming heads)|Leafy vegetables forming heads]]
*[[BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables forming heads)|Leafy vegetables forming heads]]
*[[BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables not forming heads)|Leafy vegetables not forming heads]]
*[[BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables not forming heads)|Leafy vegetables not forming heads]]
|col2=
*[[BBCH-scale (maize)|Maize, corn]]
*[[BBCH-scale (maize)|Maize, corn]]
*[[BBCH-scale (musacea)|Musacea]]
*[[BBCH-scale (Musaceae)|Musaceae]]
*[[BBCH-scale (olive)|Olive]]
*[[BBCH-scale (olive)|Olive]]
*[[BBCH-scale (other brassica vegetables)|Other brassica vegetables]]
*[[BBCH-scale (other brassica vegetables)|Other brassica vegetables]]
Line 53: Line 84:
*[[BBCH-scale (sunflower)|Sunflower]]
*[[BBCH-scale (sunflower)|Sunflower]]
*[[BBCH-scale (weed)|Weed]]
*[[BBCH-scale (weed)|Weed]]
{{div col end}}
}}

==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
*A [http://www.jki.bund.de/fileadmin/dam_uploads/_veroeff/bbch/BBCH-Skala_englisch.pdf downloadable version] of the BBCH scales
*A [http://www.reterurale.it/downloads/BBCH_engl_2001.pdf downloadable version] of the BBCH scales
*A [https://hal.science/hal-03940511] BBCH for Camellia sinensis

[[Category:BBCH-scale]]
[[Category:BBCH-scale| ]]

[[de:BBCH-Code]]
[[fr:Code BBCH]]
[[pl:Skale BBCH]]

Latest revision as of 02:28, 19 July 2023

The BBCH-scale is used to identify the phenological development stages of plants.[1] BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of crop species where similar growth stages of each plant are given the same code.

Phenological development stages of plants are used in a number of scientific disciplines (crop physiology, phytopathology, entomology and plant breeding) and in the agriculture industry (risk assessment of pesticides, timing of pesticide application, fertilization, agricultural insurance). The BBCH-scale uses a decimal code system, which is divided into principal and secondary growth stages, and is based on the cereal code system (Zadoks scale) developed by Jan Zadoks.[2]

The abbreviation BBCH derives from the names of the originally participating stakeholders: "Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie". Allegedly, the abbreviation is said to unofficially represent the four companies that initially sponsored its development; Bayer, BASF, Ciba-Geigy, and Hoechst.[3]

Basic principles

[edit]
  • The BBCH-scale provides a framework to develop scales for individual crops.
  • Similar growth stages of each plant species are given the same BBCH code.
  • Each code has a description and important growth stages have additional drawings included.
  • The first digit of the scale refers to the principal growth stage.
  • The second digit refers to the secondary growth stage which corresponds to an ordinal number or percentage value.
  • Post harvest or storage treatment is coded as 99.
  • Seed treatment before planting is coded as 00.

Principal growth stages

[edit]
  • 0: Germination, sprouting, bud development
  • 1: Leaf development
  • 2: Formation of side shoots, tillering
  • 3: Stem elongation or rosette growth, shoot development
  • 4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts, bolting
  • 5: Inflorescence emergence, heading
  • 6: Flowering
  • 7: Development of fruit
  • 8: Ripening or maturity of fruit and seed
  • 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy

See also

[edit]

BBCH-scales for plants or plant groups:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Meier, U. (2001). "Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants". BBCH Monograph. doi:10.5073/bbch0515. Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
  2. ^ Zadoks, J.C.; T.T. Chang; C.F. Konzak (1974). "A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals". Weed Research. 14 (6): 415–421. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x.
  3. ^ "E-Notes". E-Notes.
[edit]
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