Parachromis dovii: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
UTcichlid89 (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
No fossils, no first appearance, no fossil range. |
||
| (68 intermediate revisions by 43 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Species of cichlid fish}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Speciesbox |
|||
{{unreferenced|date=September 2007}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Taxobox |
|||
| |
| image = Parachromis dovii guapote.JPG |
||
| image_caption = Male ''Parachromis dovii'' at the [[Tennessee Aquarium]] |
|||
| status = |
|||
| |
| status = LC |
||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
|||
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
|||
| status_ref = <ref name="IUCN"/> |
|||
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ordo = [[Perciformes]] |
|||
| synonyms = |
|||
| familia = [[Cichlidae]] |
|||
{{Species list |
|||
| subfamilia = [[Cichlasomatinae]] |
|||
|''Heros dovii''|Günther, 1864 |
|||
| genus = ''[[Parachromis]]'' |
|||
|''Cichlasoma dovii''|(Günther, 1864) |
|||
|''Herichthys dovii''|(Günther, 1864) |
|||
}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="FishBase"/> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Parachromis dovii''''', the '''wolf cichlid''', '''rainbow bass''', or '''guapote''', is a [[species]] of [[cichlid]] native to [[Central America]], where it occurs in lakes, rivers and streams in [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]] and [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="IUCN"/> It is one of the largest cichlids, reaching up to {{cvt|14|kg}} in weight and {{cvt|80|cm|ft}} long.<ref name="FWR"/> A highly predatory species, it mostly [[Piscivore|feeds on other fish]].<ref name="FishBase"/> ''P. dovii'' is important to local [[commercial fisheries]], is sought after as a [[gamefish]],<ref name="FishBase"/> and is sometimes kept in [[aquarium]]s.<ref name="BTF"/> |
|||
The '''''Parachromis dovii''''' or '''wolf cichlid''' is one of the largest growing of the [[cichlid]]ae family. The Dovii is somewhat similar in appearance to the [[jaguar cichlid]] (''Parachromis managuensis''), however the dovii is larger and stockier, and a dark, solid, unbroken band runs horizontally thought the flank of the fish. In contrast the jaguar cichlid possesses a series of large spots along the flank. Wolf Cichlids are widely regarded as one of the most vicious Cichlids available to aquarists, though many specimens may not live up to this reputation they are still considered extremely powerful fish. |
|||
== |
==Etymology== |
||
The fish is named in honor of [[John Melmoth Dow]] (1827–1892) of the [[Panama Railroad Company]]. As a ship captain and amateur naturalist, he collected the [[Type (biology)|type specimen]].<ref name="ETYFish"/> |
|||
[[breeding in the wild|Breeding]] can be achieved with very little effort and no specific requirements are needed for breeding purposes. As long as [[aquarium#Water conditions|water conditions]] are maintained at a desirable high quality, a breeding pair of such fish will readily [[spawn (biology)|spawn]]. To enhance the likelihood of acquiring a [[breeding pair]], purchase several healthy and active [[Juvenile (organism)|juveniles]] at a young age (between 6 -10) and grow these specimens until [[sexual maturity]]. Generally, you should be left with a breeding pair or two. These fish will noticeably become more aggressive and [[Territory (animal)|territorial]], Remove all other fish at this point and keep the newly formed breeding pair separate. When a breeding pair had been successfully established, the [[male]] will begin to [[courtship display|court]] the [[female]] by displaying his [[Erect (position)|erect]] finnage to the female as he tries to impress her in an attempt for her to accept his [[mating]] invitation. The pair will begin to clean a flat surface if the female is responsive of the male's previous courting behavior. The female will then lay approximately 1000 - 2000 orange coloured [[egg (biology)|egg]]s which will then be fertilized by the male. The eggs will be ferociously guarded by both parents and a high degree of parental care is show to the eggs and [[fry (biology)#Fry|fry]]. When the eggs 'hatch' after approximately 5 -7 days, the offspring (known as [[wriggler (biology)|wriggler]]s at this stage in development) are defenseless and are unable to swim. They are often transported to pre dug pits by both parents, and are guarded. The fry will begin to swim in approximately 7 days and should be fed with baby [[brine shrimp]] or alike. If you would like to rear these fry, they should be removed at this point as they will later be consumed by both parents as the female becomes due to spawn once more. Feed the fry baby brine shrimp until the stage where they are large enough to consume [[Chironomidae#Behavior and description|blood worm]], [[daphnia]] and other live foods. |
|||
==As pets== |
|||
When purchasing fish in an attempt to acquire a breeding pair, try to buy fish from different sources. There is a high probability that when buying fish from the same source, fish will be from the same parents ([[sibling]]s). Breeding fish in this manner may form offspring with [[genetic disease]] usually associated with [[interbreeding]]. Also, buy fish of a similar size. |
|||
''Parachromis dovii'' is sometimes sought after by well experienced [[aquarist]]s. While they are noted for their relatively high [[Fish intelligence|intelligence]] and lifespan of up to a few decades, they require special care due to their large size and high levels of aggression even by cichlid standards, meaning that few — if any — tank mates are possible.<ref name="BTF"/> |
|||
== |
==Conservation== |
||
''Parachromis dovii'' is widespread in its native range and generally common. Although it has declined locally due to [[overfishing]] and pollution, it is not considered threatened.<ref name=IUCN/> It occurs in Costa Rica's [[Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref name="CCT.Ramsar"/> The species has been [[Introduced species|introduced]] to some locations in Central America where it is not native.<ref name="IUCN"/> |
|||
The aquarium should be large (800l+) for a breeding pair of '''wolf cichlids'''. As with all members of its [[genus]], these fish are large and heavily built cichlids who are aggressive and highly [[Territory (animal)|territorial]]. Decor should be kept to a minimum in such an aquarium and a sand or fine gravel should be used as the main substrate. Many pieces of flat [[slate]] or rock should also be included for the female to lay her eggs upon. |
|||
== |
==References== |
||
| ⚫ | |||
The '''''Parachromis''''' are not fussy eaters and will readily accept most food substances offered. The fish's ability to protrude its jaw 9.9% standard length allows it to have a diet composted of 95% evasive prey. <ref> {{Cite doi|10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00987.x}}</ref> [[Cichlid pellets]] are a good daily food. Diet should be varied however. Offer a variety of insect, including [[Chironomidae#Behavior and description|blood worm]], [[earthworm]], [[mysis]], [[cricket (insect)|cricket]]s (for larger specimens). Chopped meat can also be offered along with beef heart (offer vary sparingly due to its high fat content) along with prawn and fish (live/frozen). Frozen fish is a much preferred method of feeding fish as many "feeder fish" carry the risk of the introducing disease into your aquarium, possibly harming your fish. |
|||
{{Reflist|refs= |
|||
<ref name="BTF">{{cite web|last1=Chandler|first1=Patrice|title=Wolf Cichlid: A Care Guide for the Ferocious Tropical Cichlid Species|website=Badman's Tropical Fish|date=1 March 2024|url=https://badmanstropicalfish.com/wolf-cichlid/|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240327230234/https://badmanstropicalfish.com/wolf-cichlid/|archive-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> |
|||
== Sexing == |
|||
Females tend to be smaller than males but in some cases can grow just as big or bigger than spawn mates. The gold/yellow colouration is more prominent in the females, especially during [[courtship]], [[Breeding in the wild|breeding]] and raising fry. The male's [[fish anatomy#Fins|dorsal]] and [[fish anatomy#Fins|ventral fin]]s are also much more elongated than the female's. Males tend to have more spots and blue. Comport varies on individual females or males and situations but aggression is usually to be expected during courtship and spawing periods. |
|||
<ref name="CCT.Ramsar">{{cite report|last1=Varga|first1=Mauricio Salas|date=July 2008|title=Humedales de Ramsar (FIR) – Versión 2006-2008|publisher=Centro Científico Tropical|page=20|language=es|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/CR1918RIS.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240327223333/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/CR1918RIS.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> |
|||
== Water chemistry == |
|||
[[pH]] of 7.0 - 8.0 preferably. Temperature of 27* C |
|||
<ref name="ETYFish">{{cite web|url=http://www.etyfish.org/cichlidae7/|title=Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily CICHLINAE (d-w)|access-date=5 January 2022|author1=Christopher Scharpf|author2=Kenneth J. Lazara|name-list-style=amp|work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database|publisher=Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara|date=22 September 2018}}</ref> |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
<ref name="FishBase">{{FishBase|genus=Parachromis|species=dovii|month=February|year=2023}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="FWR">{{cite web|title=''Parachromis dovii''|website=Fishing World Records|date=23 December 2023|url=http://www.fishing-worldrecords.com/scientificname/Parachromis%20dovii/show|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240327225543/http://www.fishing-worldrecords.com/scientificname/Parachromis%20dovii/show|archive-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="IUCN">{{cite iucn|last1=Lyons|first1=T.J.|last2=Matamoros|first2=W.A.|date=2020|title=''Parachromis dovii'' (Guapote)|page=e.T159145817A159145827|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T159145817A159145827.en|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1054691}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[ |
[[Category:Parachromis|dovii]] |
||
[[Category:Extant Tortonian first appearances]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Fish described in 1864]] |
|||
[[Category:Cichlid fish of Central America]] |
|||
[[Category:Fish of Costa Rica]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Nicaragua]] |
|||
[[Category:Fish of Lake Nicaragua]] |
|||
[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 01:24, 17 April 2024
| Parachromis dovii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male Parachromis dovii at the Tennessee Aquarium | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cichliformes |
| Family: | Cichlidae |
| Genus: | Parachromis |
| Species: | P. dovii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Parachromis dovii (Günther, 1864)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Parachromis dovii, the wolf cichlid, rainbow bass, or guapote, is a species of cichlid native to Central America, where it occurs in lakes, rivers and streams in Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.[1] It is one of the largest cichlids, reaching up to 14 kg (31 lb) in weight and 80 cm (2.6 ft) long.[3] A highly predatory species, it mostly feeds on other fish.[2] P. dovii is important to local commercial fisheries, is sought after as a gamefish,[2] and is sometimes kept in aquariums.[4]
Etymology
[edit]The fish is named in honor of John Melmoth Dow (1827–1892) of the Panama Railroad Company. As a ship captain and amateur naturalist, he collected the type specimen.[5]
As pets
[edit]Parachromis dovii is sometimes sought after by well experienced aquarists. While they are noted for their relatively high intelligence and lifespan of up to a few decades, they require special care due to their large size and high levels of aggression even by cichlid standards, meaning that few — if any — tank mates are possible.[4]
Conservation
[edit]Parachromis dovii is widespread in its native range and generally common. Although it has declined locally due to overfishing and pollution, it is not considered threatened.[1] It occurs in Costa Rica's Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge.[6] The species has been introduced to some locations in Central America where it is not native.[1]
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parachromis dovii.
- ^ a b c d Lyons, T.J.; Matamoros, W.A. (2020). "Parachromis dovii (Guapote)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T159145817A159145827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T159145817A159145827.en. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Parachromis dovii". FishBase. February 2023 version.
- ^ "Parachromis dovii". Fishing World Records. 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ a b Chandler, Patrice (1 March 2024). "Wolf Cichlid: A Care Guide for the Ferocious Tropical Cichlid Species". Badman's Tropical Fish. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily CICHLINAE (d-w)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- ^ Varga, Mauricio Salas (July 2008). Humedales de Ramsar (FIR) – Versión 2006-2008 (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Centro Científico Tropical. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.