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{{WPMED|class=B|importance=Mid|hemonc=yes}}
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{{WikiProject Medicine|importance=Mid|hemonc=yes}}
== Bras and breast cancer ==
{{WikiProject Women's Health|importance=mid}}
''See [[Talk:Brassiere#Bras and Cancer Risk]] for previous discussion''
}}

{{merged-from | Breast cancer; calcium and vitamin D | July 7, 2012}}
One very plausible theory that explains the world-wide epidemiology of breast cancer has to do with the use of bras. Please see [http://www.theherbaladvisor.com/Healthy_Living_35/Bras_Still_Cause_Breast_Cancer_Are_Your_Patients_Dressed_To_Kill.shtml this link] as well as the long discussion on the [[brassiere]] talk page. I know this is controversial but I think it deserves to be mentioned in the article. --[[User:Jonathan108|Jonathan108]] ([[User talk:Jonathan108|talk]]) 17:17, 15 March 2008 (UTC)
:I'd suggest a line similar to the one shown by the American Cancer Society under factors with minimal or no risk, since they address the book directly. Most of the other sources do put a line or two to address the book/idea. [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/pregnancy The National Cancer Institute], [http://www.breastcancer.org/questions/bras.jsp breastcancer.org], [http://www.cancer.org/docroot/MED/content/MED_6_1x_Underwire_Bras.asp?sitearea=MED American Cancer Society], and [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000913.htm National Institutes of Health -MedLine] all make mentons of bra wearing as having no impact on risk. -[[User:Optigan13|Optigan13]] ([[User talk:Optigan13|talk]]) 00:41, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

The Cancer Society says: "There are no scientifically valid studies that show a correlation between wearing bras of any type and the occurrence of breast cancer. Two anthropologists made this association in a book called Dressed to Kill. Their study was not conducted according to standard principles of epidemiological research and did not take into consideration other variables, including known risk factors for breast cancer. There is no other, credible research to validate this claim in any way".

I would like to point out that this statement does not cite any evidence refuting the claim. It simply questions the study's methodology. So, there seems no basis for saying that bras pose "little or no risk." --[[User:Jonathan108|Jonathan108]] ([[User talk:Jonathan108|talk]]) 01:17, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

One more thing. The "known risk factors" mentioned in the quote include breast size and obesity, both of which are obviously correlated with bra use. If the bra theory is true, these "known" factors would suddenly become suspect. This would be great news, since bra use is avoidable, while breast size usually is not.

It would be easy to design a study that distinguishes the factors by comparing women with similar breast sizes who wear their bras 24 hrs. per day with those who wear their bras 12 hrs. or less per day. It will just take some researchers willing to think outside the box. --[[User:Jonathan108|Jonathan108]] ([[User talk:Jonathan108|talk]]) 19:50, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

:Are you for real? Do you really propose that taxpayers' money be spent on this study? [[User:Emmanuelm|Emmanuelm]] ([[User talk:Emmanuelm|talk]]) 20:06, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

"All truth goes through three stages. First it is ridiculed. Then it is violently opposed. Finally, it is accepted as self-evident."
- Arthur Schoepenhauer
--[[User:Jonathan108|Jonathan108]] ([[User talk:Jonathan108|talk]]) 20:19, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

:"All hoaxes go through three stages. First they are invented, second they are ridiculed. Finally, they are forgotten". Myself, today. [[User:Emmanuelm|Emmanuelm]] ([[User talk:Emmanuelm|talk]]) 14:32, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

::You forgot stage four: Finally, they are promoted on Wikipedia. '''[[User:MastCell|MastCell]]'''&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:MastCell|Talk]]</sup> 16:46, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

[Comment deleted by author, because Mastcell's above comment was added out of sequence]

:Research is generally conducted by scientists in an academic setting. This is Wikipedia. When there is research, we will report on it. As there is no research at present, we do not report on it. '''[[User:MastCell|MastCell]]'''&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:MastCell|Talk]]</sup> 16:48, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

===2009===
::MasteCell, please read [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620080?ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum]

:::''OBJECTIVE: To screen high-risk population of breast cancer by analyzing the risk factors of breast cancer in Guangdong Province...'''sleeping without bra''' were the protective factors''

::(Incidentally and as a personal comment: Are out there women who sleep ''with'' a bra?. !!!???. Im am stunned. What a strange world. End of personal comment)

::I am talking now as a Wikipedia editor: I would really like to see here statistics about how many women sleep with a bra, and why they do such a thing. Never in my life I have stumbled with such a woman.

::OTOH:

:::''Premenopausal women who do not wear bras had half the risk of breast cancer compared with bra users (P about 0.09), possibly because they are thinner and likely to have smaller breasts.'' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1827274?ordinalpos=43&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum]

::Finally: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14646912?ordinalpos=23&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum]. Unfortunately I have no access from home to that article.

::To sum up: The issue of bras and breast cancer is mentioned in the literature, and should -IMO- be cited in the main article, possibly listed as ''"inconclusive"'', with a fair presentation of all the contradictory sources. [[User:Randroide|Randroide]] ([[User talk:Randroide|talk]]) 21:11, 23 October 2009 (UTC)
:::Just because there's a source for a point of view, does not mean it gets given undue weight per [[wp:fringe]]. The one scientific survey did not connect bra use with cancer, but weight (a known risk factor). The article for [[Dressed to Kill (book) | Dressed to Kill]] does more than enough to cover this topic including the points and counterpoints. We are not here to [[Teach the controversy]], so to speak.[[User:Mattnad|Mattnad]] ([[User talk:Mattnad|talk]]) 01:17, 24 October 2009 (UTC)~

::::Mattnad wrote:''The one scientific survey did not connect bra use with cancer''. Could you please indicate me where can I read that survey?.

::::Is out there really just ''one'' survey stating that bras are not linked with breast cancer. I just presented here TWO studies connecting (inconclusively, I must say) bras and breast cancer. Therefore, strictly speaking, we should conclude that the "fringe theory" would be that bras are ''not'' linked with breast cancer.

::::At [[WP:fringe]] I read:

:::''We use the term fringe theory in a very broad sense to describe ideas that depart significantly from the '''prevailing or mainstream view''' in its particular field of study.''

::::Could you please '''source''' (with scientific studies, please, not with this or that institution or individual say-so) what is the '''''prevailing or mainstream view''''' regarding bras and breast cancer?. I spent two hours at Pubmed taking a look at what is know about this subject and the only studies I found citing (just citing) if there is (or not) a link between bras and BC were the ones I linked above. Maybe I am not very good looking for info at Pubmed, but frankly I am ignorant about where are the ''other'' studies supporting the ''''prevailing or mainstream view''''' on this issue. Thank you. [[User:Randroide|Randroide]] ([[User talk:Randroide|talk]]) 12:51, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

:::::There reason you found little to nothing in Pubmed is that it's a nonsense hypothesis. You'll also find few studies about the risks of tight pants causing genital cancer etc. etc.. The study I referred to is by Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D (1991) ''Breast size, handedness and breast cancer risk'', European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology, vol. 27, Issue 2, pages 131–134.

:::::As for mainstream thinking (with links), here you go:
:::::* The [[National Cancer Institute]] and the related [[National Insitutes of Health]] (US) states [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/pregnancy that bras have not been shown to increase a woman's risk of breast cancer.]
:::::* Breastcancer.org [http://www.breastcancer.org/questions/bras.jsp specifically answers this question, relating to bras and how breasts are touched.]
:::::* The [[American Cancer Society]] states, [http://www.cancer.org/docroot/MED/content/MED_6_1x_Underwire_Bras.asp "There are no scientifically valid studies that show wearing bras of any type causes breast cancer."]
:::::And ''please'' don't come back and say something along the lines of "but there's no study disproving a link" -- that's an old red herring tactic and not consistent with scientific method.[[User:Mattnad|Mattnad]] ([[User talk:Mattnad|talk]]) 14:56, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

:::::::Thank you, but you provided no link to the scientific studies that allow those institutions to claim that there is no bras-BC link. Second time I ask: '''Where are those studies?'''. If you have no studies you have no scientific evidence. It is as simple as that. The say-so of three institutions is not enough.

:::::::Moreover: The (so far) unsupported opinions of three institutions from the USA are not the "mainstream thinking" about nothing (but about USA-related issues). Please read [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias]]. This is not the ''Encyclopaedia Americana''. [[User:Randroide|Randroide]] ([[User talk:Randroide|talk]]) 15:47, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

:::::::What you called ''"nonsense hypothesis"'' is supported (with some reservations) by two scientific studies. I see no point in calling "nonsense" to hypothesis sourced at pubmed.

:::::::This source you linked [http://www.cancer.org/docroot/MED/content/MED_6_1x_Underwire_Bras.asp] is patently incorrect/outdated (I do not know what), as I showed here [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1827274?ordinalpos=43&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620080?ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum].

:::::::I think that it is very clear that Wikipedia policies compell us to mention in the article the ''debate'' there seems to exist about this issue [[User:Randroide|Randroide]] ([[User talk:Randroide|talk]]) 15:47, 24 October 2009 (UTC)
::::::::I'm not sure which policy you're referring to that require a fringe theory to get significant mention in Wikipedia. The scientific studies you have presented did not draw the definitive conclusion you have. As for your concerns that the institutions I provided are American, national origin of an expert source is not an issue for reliable sources. See [[WP:RS]] and while you're at it, see [[WP:OR]]. You seem to be taking a tack not supported by sources I'd trust more to understand the big picture than you.[[User:Mattnad|Mattnad]] ([[User talk:Mattnad|talk]]) 07:21, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

'''1.''' I am referring to [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]]. Please read: ''All Wikipedia articles and other encyclopedic content must be written from a neutral point of view, '''representing fairly, and as far as possible without bias, all significant views that have been published by reliable sources'''. This is non-negotiable and expected of all articles and all editors.''

'''2.''' That there is a correlation (causative or not, that´s another issue) between bras and Breast cancer is NOT a fringe theory. It is a scientific fact published in reliable sources.

'''3.''' I have no "definitive conclusion" about this issue. Moreover: What editors think about this or that is totally irrelevant here. I beg you to stop mentioning what you think I think. It is a waste of time to argue about this.

'''4.''' Three institutions (two of them just private institutions) from the USA (a Canadian or Chilean institution is also "American") make ''not'' a "mainstream view", much less make two scientific studies published by [[WP:RS]] a "fringe theory".

'''5.''' Breastcancer.org and American Cancer Society are just two private institutions. I frankly fail to see how the opinion of two private institutions can make "fringe" the results of two scientific studies publised in reliable sources. '''Please explain''' how is that possible. Moreover: The American Cancer Society posts patently incorrect information, as I showed above.

'''6.''' Seems that "your" sources "know" that there is no link (causative or otherwise) between bras and breast cancer. '''Could you please explain us HOW do they "know"?'''. In Science knowledge comes from experiments/studies. '''Where are''' those studies, please?. Or their "knowledge" is just their say-so?. If affirmative: Could you please explain us how a say-so can make "fringe" two scientific studies?.

'''7.''' [[WP:OR]] is irrelevant in this discussion. "My" sources are good according to [[WP:RS]].

8. I do not want (of course) to write in the article that "bras cause cancer". I want to add something like this:

:''Reliable Sources A and B state that there is a (qualified) ''correlation'' between bras and cancer. Sources X, Y and Z state that there is not such correlation.'' [[User:Randroide|Randroide]] ([[User talk:Randroide|talk]]) 12:05, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

:* For starters, the Hsieh study suggests bra cup size is a proxy for greater weight and obesity which are known risk factors for breast cancer, and that the apparent risk associated with bra use is more likely a reflection of known risk factors. This is the only known study. The other [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14646912?ordinalpos=23&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum link] you provided seems to be an unanswered question and given you haven't read it (as you state above), how can you be so sure it supports your contentions here?
:* Given the paucity of evidence in the literature for a connection between bra use and cancer, we should not give undue weight to weak correlation that has other more obvious explanations (like breast size and obesity), especially since the Hseih study takes pains to mention cup/breast size and obesity as the explanation rather than bra use itself.
:* [[WP:NPOV]] does not mean that we included every and any opinion. That's why there's [[WP:FRINGE]].
:* Your comments about US-centrism are off base: Martha Molete of the South African Cancer society also debunked the hypothesis that bras cause cancer. While here article is no longer posted on their site, they too identified this as myth rather than having a scientific basis. And do you have counter example from other non-US health organizations who claim bras cause cancer? I will add that your interpreation of the word "American" is non-conventional. I'm Canadian and I assure you that we never consider ourselves "American" despite your claims.
:* I don't know what version of [[WP:RS]] you're reading, but I doubt you'll find editors reading this page who agree with your contention that the National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Association are not mainstream. Whether or not they are private does not lessen their authority in this matter.
:* Finally, you should read up on [[Scientific Method]]. A hypothesis must be validated with evidence to gain consideration and acceptance. What we don't require is for people to disprove an unsupported hypothesis. Regards, [[User:Mattnad|Mattnad]] ([[User talk:Mattnad|talk]]) 15:01, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

::Raindroide, the position statements of major organizations are a highly reliable and very practical source for determining what mainstream opinion is on a point. That's why we use them in this context: we assume that the major institutions have already considered all published evidence for us, and consequently it's not necessary for us to individually analyze the studies. They've done it for us, and told us their answer. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 17:24, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

:::This is pretty much why [[WP:WEIGHT]] exists. PMID 19620080 is not useable here. First of all, it cites the following additional "risk factors" for breast cancer: "prophylactic {{sic}}, family history of breast cancer, bad mood, bad life incidence {{sic}} and work load." Needless to say, we are not about to add "bad life incidence" or "prophylactic" to the list of breast-cancer risk factors on the basis of this article... right? '''[[User:MastCell|MastCell]]'''&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:MastCell|Talk]]</sup> 18:09, 26 October 2009 (UTC)
::::I assume that "bad mood" is a lousy translation of major depression, but I can't account for "bad life incidence" without resorting to rather disreputable claims of [[past life regression]]. The incidence of lives (good, bad or otherwise) per individual human is generally accepted as being exactly one. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 20:40, 26 October 2009 (UTC)
:::::Or is that the [[prevalence]]? And what does "prophylactic" mean, as a risk factor, so I can tell people to stop doing/using/being it? How was "work load" quantified? So many questions... '''[[User:MastCell|MastCell]]'''&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:MastCell|Talk]]</sup> 04:35, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Thank you very much for expressing your thoughts.

My comments:

:''For starters, the Hsieh study suggests bra cup size is a proxy for greater weight and obesity which are known risk factors for breast cancer, and that the apparent risk associated with bra use is more likely a reflection of known risk factors''

True. '''Could you please tell us''' where do you think that piece of information belongs in Wikipedia.

:''The other [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14646912?ordinalpos=23&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum link] you provided seems to be an unanswered question and given you haven't read it (as you state above), how can you be so sure it supports your contentions here?''

I can not be "sure" about the content of a paper I have not read (How could I be?). That´s obvious. In fact I have never suggested that study hinted at a link between breast cancer and bras. I brougth the link to that study here just because -whatever its content- it is relevant to this issue.

:''Given the paucity of evidence in the literature for a connection between bra use and cancer, we should not give undue weight to weak correlation that has other more obvious explanations (like breast size and obesity)''

Excuse me, I quote from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1827274?ordinalpos=43&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum]:

:''Premenopausal women who do not wear bras had '''half the risk''' of breast cancer compared with bra users''

This is NOT a "weak correlation". This is a ''very strong'''''Bold text''' one. Of course that correlation is not a proof of causation.

I ask you the same question again: '''Where is the place''' at Wikipedia for this STRONG correlation?.

:''Your comments about US-centrism are off base: Martha Molete of the South African Cancer society also debunked the hypothesis that bras cause cancer. While here article is no longer posted on their site, they too identified this as myth rather than having a scientific basis.''

AFAIAC that article does not exist, unless someone tells me how I can gain access to it. How can I comment an article I can not read?.

:''And do you have counter example from other non-US health organizations who claim bras cause cancer?''

I have never typed in my life the sentence ''"bras cause cancer"'' (now I just had). Please read [[Straw man]].

The Chinese scientists mentioned do not wearing a bra at night as a protective factor against cancer. The guys at Harvard (Hsieh et alii) wrote ''"Premenopausal women who do not wear bras had half the risk of breast cancer compared with bra users"''. I want to know '''where is the place''' at Wikipedia to add these facts. That´s all.

:''I will add that your interpreation of the word "American" is non-conventional. I'm Canadian and I assure you that we never consider ourselves "American" despite your claims.''

Uh. You are completely right: [[American (word)]]. Thank you for improving my knowledge of the English language.

:''I don't know what version of [[WP:RS]] you're reading, but I doubt you'll find editors reading this page who agree with your contention that the National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Association are not mainstream''

Two private organizations do not create a mainstream. They much less cancel two scientific studies.

Plase read:

:''The statement that all or most scientists or scholars hold a certain view requires reliable sourcing. Without a reliable source that claims a consensus exists, individual opinions should be identified as those of particular, named sources. Editors should avoid original research especially with regard to making blanket statements based on novel syntheses of disparate material. The reliable source needs to claim there is a consensus, rather than the Wikipedia editor'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Academic_consensus]

I do not need to resort to editor´s opinions. There is a very clear Wikipedia policy that settles the issue: Unless someone can produce a Reliable Source stating that there is a consensus about this matter, no consensus exists for us here.

:''We assume that the major institutions have already considered all published evidence for us, and consequently it's not necessary for us to individually analyze the studies. They've done it for us, and told us their answer.''

I try to assume nothing. My English teacher told us a tongue-in-cheek "ethymology" of the word ''assume'' you probably know about.

Anyway, according to Wikipedia policies "my" sources are higher quality than yours. Please read:

:''In general, the most reliable sources are peer-reviewed journals and books published in university presses; university-level textbooks; magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses; and mainstream newspapers. Electronic media 'ma also be used.''

Finally, MastCell wrote:

:''PMID 19620080 is not useable here. First of all, it cites the following additional "risk factors" for breast cancer: "prophylactic {{sic}}, family history of breast cancer, bad mood, bad life incidence {{sic}} and work load." Needless to say, we are not about to add "bad life incidence" or "prophylactic" to the list of breast-cancer risk factors on the basis of this article... right?''

As a Wikipedia editor, I am not considering those points ("bad life incidence" or "prophylactic") now. Now I am only considering the issue of bras.

If the wording of the chinese study abstract sounds strange to you, that´s fine. I am not going to discuss that wording. The guys who indexed that study are a valid source according to [[WP:RS]], and that´s my point.

Seems we can not reach a consensus here as editors. Sorry for the inconvenience. MastCell, you have a lot of experience. What do you suggest? [[User:Randroide|Randroide]] ([[User talk:Randroide|talk]]) 17:31, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

:Per WhatamIdoing, we prefer the findings of expert organizations who look at all of the relevant data rather than an editor's inexpert interpretation of the '''abstracts''' of two studies (one of suspect translation quality) which make only peripheral mention of bra-use. I also noticed you are selective about what you quote. The abstract from Hseih specifically says that weight and breast size are the probable explanation for the increased risk. Exactly opposite to your conclusion, this study is cited as evidence that bras don't cause cancer by Molete and the American Cancer Association. Per the American Cancer Association (who actually read the entire study and not just the abstract like you did):

::''We know of only one scientifically-conducted epidemiologic study that investigated a possible link between bra use and breast cancer. This study suggested that breast cancer might be less common among women who do not wear bras than among bra wearers. However, breast cancer risk in the two groups was not significantly different, according to standard statistical criteria, and the researchers themselves expressed uncertainty regarding this correlation. They also noted that if there is any connection, it would most likely have occurred indirectly, because women who are obese or have larger breasts are less likely to go braless. Obesity has been identified by numerous studies as a breast cancer risk factor, and having large breasts has been suggested in some studies as increasing breast cancer risk for young women who are not overweight.''

:Given the thousand of other breast cancer studies out there that DO NOT cite bra use as a risk factor, you might understand why the professional groups (and other medical experts) have not made an issue of this. Finally, If you'd like to see a summary of the Molete article, you can read it in the [[Dressed to Kill (book)]] article where you'll also find other external links to coverage of this topic. Per your question of "where" this should be in Wikipedia, the book article is a probably the best place.[[User:Mattnad|Mattnad]] ([[User talk:Mattnad|talk]]) 19:43, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

::Raindroide, you might like to read [[National Institutes of Health]]. They are not "private organizations". Collectively, they are the largest [[public]] scientific organization in the history of the world.
::I've read the Molete article in the past, and can confirm that the [[Dressed to Kill (book)]] statements supported by it are as true and accurate a summary as you could make without [[WP:COPYVIO]] problems. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 20:21, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
:::The molete article is still available [http://74.125.93.132/search?q=cache:GXqr9uCSNV8J:givengain.devel.givengain.com/cgi-bin/giga.cgi%3Fcmd%3Dcause_dir_news_item%26cause_id%3D1056%26news_id%3D31903%26cat_id%3D820+Molete,+Martha+%282008%29.+%22Can+wearing+a+bra+cause+breast+cancer%3F&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a cached here] if that helps Raindroide. [[User:Mattnad|Mattnad]] ([[User talk:Mattnad|talk]]) 20:37, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

::::Yes. It does help. Thank you very much for the effort you made chasing down that elusive article :-)

::::I depleted my Wikipedia time for today. I share some IMHO very interesting sources I found about bras and health: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/998348.stm] [http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/dont-burn-your-bra-just-yet-622008.html][http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/is-your-bra-making-you-ill-1044078.html]. IMO these sources should be cited at [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassiere#Health_issues]]

::::''Given the thousand of other breast cancer studies out there that DO NOT cite bra use as a risk factor, you might understand why the professional groups (and other medical experts) have not made an issue of this''

::::Absence of proof is not proof of absence. Please read [[Argument from ignorance]]. Personally, I would like to tell you that currently it is impossible to say with certainty that bras '''cause''' ''or'' '''do not cause''' cancer. Simply there is not enough evidence to say one thing or the other. The only thing we can and should make here as Wikipedia editors is to present what said about this fascinating issue this or that valid source. CU. [[User:Randroide|Randroide]] ([[User talk:Randroide|talk]]) 17:46, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

::::::Hi Raindroid, I appreciate your enthusiasm for this point, but this is not a formal logic debate. It's about whether we give undue weight to a hypothesis that very weakly supported by one, and perhaps two studies, but dismissed by mainstream health organizations. So if you don't accept [[WP:Weight]] in this circumstance, or the views of three editors who have taken the time to discuss with you, I suggest you consider alternative channels. [[User:Mattnad|Mattnad]] ([[User talk:Mattnad|talk]]) 21:29, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

== Error in wikicode ==

The article shows the section "Age" to be followed immediately by the section "Heredity", but when I proceeded to edit the section "Age" I found it to be followed immediately by another section, "Gender". I studied the text in the article and the code in the edit box, and I discovered an apparent error located between "functional impairment." and "Men with [[gynaecomastia]]". The code <nowiki>"<ref name="Perkins 2007">"</nowiki> is not followed by <nowiki>"</ref>"</nowiki> before the next occurrence of <nowiki>"<ref>"</nowiki>. I do not know enough about editing references or about the data for this reference to correct this error, so I am placing this information here to alert someone who can make the correction.
:-- [[User:Wavelength|Wavelength]] ([[User talk:Wavelength|talk]]) 17:28, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
::Thanks, I corrected it, on the re-used ref tags you have to add a closing /, so <nowiki>"<ref name="Perkins 2007">"</nowiki> -> <nowiki>"<ref name="Perkins 2007" /"</nowiki> It's barely noticable even in the diff[http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Epidemiology_and_etiology_of_breast_cancer&diff=226579527&oldid=226466737] and tough to spot. -[[User:Optigan13|Optigan13]] ([[User talk:Optigan13|talk]]) 05:02, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

==Dubiuous#Environmental causes==
{{dubious|Environmental causes}}
Several citations to unreliable source, paragraphs are copies of each other.[[User:Nutriveg|Nutriveg]] ([[User talk:Nutriveg|talk]]) 17:44, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

==Renaming to Risk factors of breast cancer==
The current name of this article (Epidemiology and etiology of breast cancer) is misleading. Epidemiology in this case rather would be the study field of the risk factors, and its use here is probably confusing for most readers. Etiology is also confusing here, since only ~5% of breast cancers have a specific genetic cause. The rest is a product of risk factors. Indeed, the whole article currently almost exclusively about risk factors. Therefore, I now rename it. [[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|talk]]) 14:18, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
::Bad name change, [[etiology]] is not just about genetics, but all causes. Renaming is not so trivial to undo, so you should have discussed it first.--[[User:Nutriveg|Nutriveg]] ([[User talk:Nutriveg|talk]]) 17:08, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
:::I apologize if I was too bold in changing the name. It may be discussed. Still, my point is given; The "cause" of breast cancer is rather general carcinogenesis, and can be learned from e.g. the Carcinogenesis article. It can be said that there actually are no causes of breast cancer specifically, but only risk factors - even regarding genetic predisposition. Therefore, all entries in this article may well be classified as risk factors. [[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|talk]]) 21:17, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
::::I understand your POV, but as long as there are people with different POV than you (like [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18022897 this one]) an article should accommodate their views, and from new research. You can spin off this article, but need to copy somewhere else the discussion of etiology you removed from the intro.--[[User:Nutriveg|Nutriveg]] ([[User talk:Nutriveg|talk]]) 22:01, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
:::::I think most readers of this article are less familiar with the term ''etiology'' than with ''risk factors''. Still, if if the article should be named more like such articles, then [[Etiology of breast cancer]] would be an acceptable alternative. I think ''Epidemiology'' was the most important term to leave out here, since incidence and death rates are described elsewhere. [[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|talk]]) 05:45, 19 September 2009 (UTC)
::::::The list that was in etiology is found at pathophysiology in breast cancer. Sorry for late response.[[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|talk]]) 05:36, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

==Recent edits==
Why did you remove "Ovary removal"/"Ovary oblation" and Insulin? This is a medical article, please follow [[WP:MEDRS]] and avoid using websites.--[[User:Nutriveg|Nutriveg]] ([[User talk:Nutriveg|talk]]) 17:16, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
:They are not removed - you still find them sorted to where I thought they better belong. And, if you mean the organochlorine reference, I admit I simply copied it here when merging [[List of breast carcinogenic substances]] with this article, without paying much attention to the reliability of the references. [[User:Mikael Häggström|Mikael Häggström]] ([[User talk:Mikael Häggström|talk]]) 21:21, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

== Iodine deficiency ==

A claim was recently made on this page for [[iodine deficiency]] as a risk factor for breast cancer. There's very little work in humans to support this, and relevant scholarly articles make much smaller claims, like 'women with breast cancer have more autoimmune thyroid disease than women without breast cancer' -- but without making any claims about causation. (Also, please notice that "autoimmune thyroid disease" is not exactly [[iodine deficiency]].) Most of these articles are also old by [[WP:MEDRS|our standards]]. I don't think that iodine deficiency should be listed unless we can get at least one really solid, mainstream, scholarly source that directly says that iodine deficiency is a risk factor. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 20:44, 16 May 2010 (UTC)
:Replaced the source.--[[User:Nutriveg|Nutriveg]] ([[User talk:Nutriveg|talk]]) 20:26, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

::Although these sources are newer, you have still failed to address my objections.
::Neither PMID 16025225 nor PMID 18645607 claims that iodine deficiency is a risk factor for developing breast cancer; rather, they say that (high levels of supplementation with) iodine might be a useful ''treatment'' for ''existing'' estrogen-sensitive breast cancer. "Might help kill existing cancer" is not the same thing as "Might prevent cancer from ever occurring." [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 20:50, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

Why is "Iodine deficiency" in the section "Environmental factors" rather than "Diet"? Should it go next to "Iodolipids"? [[User:Norman21|Norman21]] ([[User talk:Norman21|talk]]) 20:54, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
:Given the lack of acceptable sources (sources, e.g., that directly say something like, "[[Iodine deficiency]] is a [[risk factor]] for [[breast cancer]]", rather than "Iodine might be a useful [[treatment]] for breast cancer"), it should simply be removed. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 21:04, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
::The sources are enough for me and they are also about prevention: "iodine as an antioxidant and antiproliferative agent contributing to the integrity of normal mammary gland", "protective effects of iodine on breast cancer have been postulated".
::You can make improvements over that but not simply delete it.--[[User:Nutriveg|Nutriveg]] ([[User talk:Nutriveg|talk]]) 12:11, 19 May 2010 (UTC)
:::"Protective effects have been postulated" is not sufficiently strong information to include it per [[WP:DUE]]. Postulation is just another word for speculation. A comprehensive list of all published speculation isn't appropriate for this article. (Otherwise, we'll have to include things like "Cancer as a divine retribution for sins".) [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 22:42, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

== Progress in nutrition ==

I suggest that editors [http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art35134.asp read this very accessible review] of that dubious "journal". [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 20:56, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
:Please keep discussion on topic, there is nothing about breast cancer in it, and that website is a unreliable source.--[[User:Nutriveg|Nutriveg]] ([[User talk:Nutriveg|talk]]) 12:22, 19 May 2010 (UTC)
::My point is that this so-called "journal" is an unreliable source with a lousy reputation. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 22:36, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

== Epidemiology - article name again ==

Sorry to jump in so late, but it should really have been called epidemiology rather than "risk factors". Factors like mammographic density, age, gender fit much better into epidemiology than pass as risk factors. [[User:Richiez|Richiez]] ([[User talk:Richiez|talk]]) 16:13, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

:I don't agree. A risk factor is anything that correlates with the likelihood of developing the condition. If women with breast cancer were noticeably more likely to drive red cars, then "driving a red car" would be a legitimate risk factor. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 19:25, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

== Smoking ==

The tobacco stuff is out of date. It turns out that the "suggestive" link to tobacco disappears once you control for alcohol consumption. I've mislaid the source for the moment, but this comment is an ''[[aide mémoire]]'' to make sure we get that fixed. [[User:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[User talk:WhatamIdoing|talk]]) 17:47, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

== French E3N Study ==

Someone smarter than I should add a synopsis of the findings in this important study to the discussion: http://jeffreydach.com/files/80618-70584/Unequal_Risks_Breast_Cancer_hormone_replacement_E3N_cohort_study_Fournier.pdf
[[Special:Contributions/75.201.193.168|75.201.193.168]] ([[User talk:75.201.193.168|talk]]) 17:36, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

== Contraception ==

This is a significant issue that needs to be more closely examined with a NPOV. Given the increadibly large number of women taking hormonal contraceptives and the as yet undetermined reason for continued increase in breast cancer, as a scientific community, we need to keep on open mind toward all potential causes. We need to be careful that we are not unduly swayed by the position statements of various groups who tout themselves as experts who tend to downplay an association of hormonal contraception and breast cancer. The 1996 study has flaws that Khalenborn's study addresses quite well as was included my edit with 2 additional references (in addition to Kahlenborn's Mayo Clinic study).

Mastcell stated "It seems to me to ignore a large portion of available evidence and expert opinion in the field." However, I didn't delete the prior commentary on the 1996 British study so as to allow it and its commentary to stand on its own merit. I think an objection(NPO) approach would be to leave it as my last edit did which presents the key finding of each study and supporting/referrenced commentary. If additional studies specifically point out methodological flaws or problems with another study (Kahlenborn's for example), then we can add it too and let it stand on its own.

Finally, we need to be careful of ad hominum attacks against investigators who have published material challenging what had previously been considered conventional wisdom. Describing someone as an "anti-abortion activist" is no more relevant to the data than whether or not he or she voted for Obama in the last election. Would you tolerate an editor discrediting references because of accusations that the primary author is a "pro-abortion activist,"? In many areas wikipedia has been able to rise above political, financial, and ideologic special interests. Whether it's Kahlenborn's research on contraception of Brind's on abortion, we should assume good faith in their work and consider it as objectively and openly as any other. No person or group is going to be completely free of bias, in fact the larger and more powerful the organizations are that promote one angle and interpretation, the more likely we should be willing to consider the counterargument and give voice to their valid findings. Nothing less than the physical health and well-being of millions of women is at stake hear. Evidence of a link between hormonal contraception and breast cancer is a mightily inconvenient truth if one is a deeply committed "pro-pill activist." However, in the final analysis we must ask ourselselves: what is more important? The good name of hormonal contraception or the health of women? Frankgyn 03:51, 22 March 2012 (UTC) <small><span class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Frankgyn|Frankgyn]] ([[User talk:Frankgyn|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Frankgyn|contribs]]) </span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:In your first paragraph, you ask us to disregard the opinions of expert groups, apparently solely because their findings disagree with your personal view on the topic. I don't think we should minimize the views of expert groups in favor of a single 6-year-old paper which you happen to favor. We need to summarize the current state of knowledge; there are some guidelines on how to do so [[WP:MEDRS|here]]. I think we're all aware of the prominence of this topic and have personal (and in some cases professional) interests in preventing cancer. It's not necessary to resort to borderline-manipulative rhetoric about women's health, and that rhetoric sounds particularly odd when combined with your insistence that we disregard all expert opinion except for the one paper you favor.<p>Let's talk about ''ad hominems''. There is a difference between an ''ad hominem'' and a legitimate concern over conflict of interest. Again, you try to have it both ways: you point to drug-company funding to discredit findings you disagree with, but you take umbrage at similar concerns when they're directed at your one favored source (the 2006 Kahlenborn paper, PMID 17036554). When drug companies fund research, that funding is disclosed for a reason - because it's vital to help the reader weigh the evidence, and because considering conflicts of interest is not an "ad hominem" fallacy, but an important part of critical reading.<p>Let's talk sources. Why, again, should we feature Kahlenborn's 2006 paper to the exclusion of virtually all other sources? What about material from major expert bodies, like the [[National Cancer Institute]]? What about more recent literature? There have been many review articles on the topic since 2006, including:
:* Lech et al. 2006, PMID 17056445
:* Cibula et al 2010, PMID 20543200
:* Gaffield et al. 2009, PMID 19751860 (deals specifically with women with a family history of breast cancer, who are presumably at higher-than-average baseline risk)
:There are also a number of major studies published since 2006, some including more than 1 million patient-years, virtually all of which show no association between oral contraceptives and breast cancer. Arguably, an up-to-date meta-analysis, including these newer massive studies, would reach different conclusions that did the 2006 Kahlenborn paper, emphasizing the need to use up-to-date evidence. See:
:* Hannaford et al. 2007, PMID 17855280
:* Dorigochoo et al. 2009, PMID 19170208
:* Vessey et al. 2010, PMID 20705149
:* Marchbanks et al. 2012, PMID 22067757
:My point is that there is both a wealth of new data since 2006, and a number of more recent review articles... not to mention material from expert bodies like the NCI. The focus of these recent edits has seemed to be to highlight the 2006 Kahlenborn paper and to simultaneously criticize and downplay all other cited works. I don't think we're actually doing a good job informing the reader by quoting that one somewhat dated paper (which happens to reach different conclusions from the majority of other literature). '''[[User:MastCell|MastCell]]'''&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:MastCell|Talk]]</sup> 05:09, 22 March 2012 (UTC)

MastCell, thank you for the thoughtful feedback. To clarify, I never intended my statement to "keep an open mind toward all potential causes," and "to be careful that we are not unduly swayed by the position statements of various groups" to mean that we should "disregard the opinions of expert groups" as you suggest. It's not about one paper that I personally favor, it's about a willingness to consider compelling data on its own merit. I will review the more recent studies you have graciously listed. Do any of them address the methodology or findings of the Kahlenborn paper?

As for "[[ad hominem]]" (thanks for the spelling correction, by the way), I agree with you that there is an important difference between personal attacks (i.e. he's a anti-abortion activist implying that therefore we can't trust him) and legitimate conflicts of interest (as in the case of large corporate bodies with substantial funding from the pharmaceutical industry who have a clear vested interest in publishing data in support of their products). An ad hominem (Latin "to the person") fallacy involves the attack of an individual person (again "anti-abortion"), not so much applicable to an institution/organization , whereas "[[conflict of interest]]" occurs when an individual or organization is involved in multiple interests, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation for an act in the other." (wiki definition). I don't doubt the sincerity of your interest in objective truth (and I trust you don't doubt mine either). However, I think in this venue, we need be especially careful about ad hominem attacks as well as conflicts of interest (COI) problems. For example, if you can make a case that Kahlenborn has a COI, in his research, by all means do so and we can engage in a healthy debate on that point.

I'll play devil's advocate: Do you think his personal opposition to the current legal status of abortion motivates him to show a connection to contraception and breast cancer? If so, should we be be investigating every one else's personal beliefs about abortion as a sort of litmus test before citing their work?--Frankgyn 16:16, 22 March 2012 (UTC) <small><span class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Frankgyn|Frankgyn]] ([[User talk:Frankgyn|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Frankgyn|contribs]]) </span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

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