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{{short description|French Canadian writer and seigneur}}
:''For other members of the family, see [[Aubert de Gaspé]]''.
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé
| name = Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé
| image =
| image = Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé.jpg
| caption =
| image_size = 225px
| caption = Aubert de Gaspé, lithograph from a photograph taken in 1863–64
| pseudonym =
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1786|10|30}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1786|10|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Quebec City]], [[Province of Quebec (1763–1791)|Province of Quebec]], British North America
| death_date = {{death date and age|1871|1|29|1786|10|30}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1871|01|29|1786|10|30|df=y}}
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| occupation = [[Writer]] and [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneur]]
| death_place = Quebec City, [[Quebec]], Canada
⚫
| occupation = Writer and [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneur]]
| influences =
| influences =
| influenced =
| influenced = }}
}}


'''Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé''' (30 October 1786 &ndash; 29 January 1871) was a [[French Canadian]] [[writer]] and [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneur]].<ref>{{Cite document | last= | last2= | first2= | title= Canadian Encyclopedia | publisher=Historica Foundation, Toronto | year=2011 | url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000392| postscript =< Retrieved 31 Jan 2011>}}</ref>
'''Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé''' ({{IPA|fr|filip ʒozɛf obɛʁ də ɡaspe}}; 30 October 1786 – 29 January 1871) was a Canadian lawyer, writer, and [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneur]]. He is known chiefly for his novel ''[[Les Anciens Canadiens]]'', considered the first classic of French Canadian fiction.<ref name=ce>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Hayne |first=David M. |title=Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé |encyclopedia=Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |date=2 April 2008 |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/philippe-joseph-aubert-de-gaspe/ |access-date=31 January 2011}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
He was born at [[Quebec City]] in 1786, the son of seigneur [[Pierre-Ignace Aubert de Gaspé]] and Catherine Tarieu de Lanaudière, the daughter of seigneur [[Charles-François Tarieu de La Naudière]]. The [[Aubert de Gaspé]] family was distinguished, ennobled by [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] in 1693. Philippe-Joseph's grandfather, [[Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé]], fought under [[Montcalm]] at [[Battle of Carillon (1758)|Carillon]] (Ticonderoga). Philippe-Joseph studied at the [[Séminaire de Québec]]. He studied law with [[Jonathan Sewell]] and then with [[Olivier Perrault|Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Perrault]] and was called to the bar in 1811. Aubert de Gaspé served in the local militia, becoming captain. After practising law until 1816, he was appointed sheriff for Quebec district.
He was born in [[Quebec City]] in 1786, the son of seigneur [[Pierre-Ignace Aubert de Gaspé]] and Catherine Tarieu de Lanaudière, the daughter of seigneur [[Charles-François Tarieu de La Naudière]]. The [[Aubert de Gaspé (disambiguation)|Aubert de Gaspé]] family was distinguished, ennobled by [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] in 1693.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/aubert_de_la_chesnaye_charles_2E.html |title=AUBERT DE LA CHESNAYE, CHARLES |encyclopedia=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> Philippe-Joseph's grandfather, [[Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé]], fought under [[Louis-Joseph de Montcalm]] at [[Battle of Carillon (1758)|Carillon]] (Ticonderoga).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/aubert_de_gaspe_ignace_philippe_4E.html |title=AUBERT DE GASPÉ, IGNACE-PHILIPPE |first=Jacques |last=Castonguay |encyclopedia=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> Later Joseph inherited the family estate on the St. Lawrence River.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philippe Aubert de Gaspé|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philippe-Aubert-de-Gaspe|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>


Philippe-Joseph studied at the [[Séminaire de Québec]] and served in the local militia, becoming captain. He studied law with [[Jonathan Sewell]] and then with [[Olivier Perrault|Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Perrault]] and was called to the bar in 1811. After practising law until 1816, he was appointed sheriff for the Quebec district. He became mired in debt, for which he was imprisoned four years. When released he retired to his ancestral home at [[Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec]] on the [[St. Lawrence]],<ref name=ea>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Gaspé, Philip Aubert de}}</ref> where he spent thirty years in study.
⚫
He became involved in debt, for which he was imprisoned four years, and when released he retired to his ancestral home at [[Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec]], on the [[St. Lawrence]].<ref name=ea>{{Cite Americana|Gaspé, Philip Aubert de}}</ref> Aubert de Gaspé spent thirty years in study there. At the ripe age of seventy-five, he completed a novel entitled, ''[[Les Anciens Canadiens]]'' (Old-Time Canadians, Quebec, 1863). Almost entirely based on fact, the story illustrates Canadian national tradition, character and manners. The author interwove events of his own chequered life with the tragic tale of the struggles and fall of [[New France]] and of the change of regime, the eyewitnesses of which he had known personally. At that time, it was perhaps the most popular book ever published in the province of Quebec.<ref name=ea/>


⚫
At the age of seventy-five, he completed a novel, ''[[Les Anciens Canadiens]]'' ("Old-Time Canadians", Quebec, 1863). Almost entirely based on fact, the story illustrates Canadian national tradition, character, and manners. The author interwove events of his own chequered life with the tragic tale of the struggles and the fall of [[New France]] and the change of regime, the eyewitnesses of which he had known personally. At that time, it was perhaps the most popular book ever published in Quebec.<ref name="ea" />
⚫
In 1866, Aubert de Gaspé published his ''Mémoires'', which continue and amplify the precious historical notes contained in his other works. Less brilliant and attractive than his novel, the ''Mémoires'' are an excellent specimen of anecdotal history. The author's standing and experience, the latter embracing directly or indirectly the space of a century dating from the Conquest, constitute him an authentic chronicler of an obscure yet eventful period of history.


⚫
In 1866, Aubert de Gaspé published his ''Mémoires'', which continue and amplify the historical notes contained in his other works. Less brilliant and attractive than his novel, the ''Mémoires'' are an excellent specimen of anecdotal history. The author's standing and experience, the latter embracing directly or indirectly the space of a century dating from the Conquest, made him an authentic chronicler of an obscure yet eventful period of history.<ref name=ce/>
⚫
Aubert de Gaspé was the last seigneur of Saint-Jean-Port-Joli. He died at Quebec City in 1871.

⚫
He was the last seigneur of Saint-Jean-Port-Joli and died at Quebec City on 29 January 1871.<ref name=ce/>


==Family==
==Family==
He married Susanne Allison in 1811. Together they had 13 children. Of his daughters, several of them married notable men, including Suzanne, who married [[William Power (Quebec judge)|William Power]], a member of the legislative assembly; Adélaïde, who married [[Georges-René Saveuse de Beaujeu]]; Charlotte-Elmire, who married [[Andrew Stuart (seigneur)|Andrew Stuart]], a judge and seigneur; and Zoé, who married [[Charles Joseph Alleyn]], who was also mayor of Quebec City.<ref>{{cite web |first=Luc |last=Lacourcière |title=Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé |publisher=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |date=1972 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=4802}}</ref> His son [[Philippe-Ignace François Aubert de Gaspé|Philippe-Ignace François]] was also a writer.
Several of his daughters married political figures:
* Zoé married [[Charles Joseph Alleyn]], who was also mayor of Quebec City
* Suzanne married [[William Power (Quebec judge)|William Power]], a member of the legislative assembly
* Adélaïde married [[Georges-René Saveuse de Beaujeu]]
Charlotte-Elmire married [[Andrew Stuart (seigneur)|Andrew Stuart]], a judge and seigneur.


==External links==
==Notes==
⚫
{{Reflist}}
⚫
*[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=4802 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online'']


==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}
* {{Catholic|wstitle=Philippe-Aubert de Gaspe|author=Lionel Lindsay}}
* {{Catholic|wstitle=Philippe-Aubert de Gaspe|author=Lionel Lindsay}}


==External links==
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
⚫
*[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=4802 Biography at the ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online'']
| NAME = Aubert De Gaspe, Philippe-Joseph
* {{FadedPage|id=De Gaspé, Phillippe Aubert|name=Phillippe Aubert De Gaspé|author=yes}}
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
* {{Librivox author |id=12597}}
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[French Canadian]] [[writer]] and [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneur]]
*[[doi:10.47123/ALMY4164|''Les Anciens Canadiens'' on ''Bibliothèque mobile de littérature québécoise'']] (HTML)
| DATE OF BIRTH = 30 October 1786

| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Quebec City]]

| DATE OF DEATH = 29 January 1871
{{Authority control}}
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Quebec City]]

}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aubert De Gaspe, Philippe-Joseph}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aubert De Gaspé, Philippe-Joseph}}
[[Category:1786 births]]
[[Category:1786 births]]
[[Category:1871 deaths]]
[[Category:1871 deaths]]
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[[Category:19th-century Canadian male writers]]
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[[Category:19th-century Canadian memoirists]]
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[[Category:19th-century Canadian novelists]]
[[Category:Canadian male non-fiction writers]]
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[[Category:Canadian male novelists]]
[[Category:Canadian novelists in French]]
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[[Category:Lower Canada people]]
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[[Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)]]
[[Category:Pre-Confederation Quebec people]]
[[Category:Pre-Confederation Quebec people]]
[[Category:People from Chaudière-Appalaches]]
[[Category:Province of Canada people]]
[[Category:People from Quebec City]]
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[[Category:French Quebecers]]
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[[Category:Canadian novelists]]
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[[Category:Canadian memoirists]]
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[[Category:Writers from Quebec]]
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[[Category:Canadian writers in French]]
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[[Category:National Historic Persons of Canada]]

[[cy:Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé]]
[[fr:Philippe Aubert de Gaspé]]

Latest revision as of 20:10, 5 December 2024

Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé
Aubert de Gaspé, lithograph from a photograph taken in 1863–64
Aubert de Gaspé, lithograph from a photograph taken in 1863–64
Born(1786-10-30)30 October 1786
Quebec City, Province of Quebec, British North America
Died29 January 1871(1871-01-29) (aged 84)
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
OccupationWriter and seigneur

Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé (French pronunciation: [filip ʒozɛf obɛʁ də ɡaspe]; 30 October 1786 – 29 January 1871) was a Canadian lawyer, writer, and seigneur. He is known chiefly for his novel Les Anciens Canadiens, considered the first classic of French Canadian fiction.[1]

Biography

[edit]

He was born in Quebec City in 1786, the son of seigneur Pierre-Ignace Aubert de Gaspé and Catherine Tarieu de Lanaudière, the daughter of seigneur Charles-François Tarieu de La Naudière. The Aubert de Gaspé family was distinguished, ennobled by Louis XIV in 1693.[2] Philippe-Joseph's grandfather, Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, fought under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm at Carillon (Ticonderoga).[3] Later Joseph inherited the family estate on the St. Lawrence River.[4]

Philippe-Joseph studied at the Séminaire de Québec and served in the local militia, becoming captain. He studied law with Jonathan Sewell and then with Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Perrault and was called to the bar in 1811. After practising law until 1816, he was appointed sheriff for the Quebec district. He became mired in debt, for which he was imprisoned four years. When released he retired to his ancestral home at Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec on the St. Lawrence,[5] where he spent thirty years in study.

At the age of seventy-five, he completed a novel, Les Anciens Canadiens ("Old-Time Canadians", Quebec, 1863). Almost entirely based on fact, the story illustrates Canadian national tradition, character, and manners. The author interwove events of his own chequered life with the tragic tale of the struggles and the fall of New France and the change of regime, the eyewitnesses of which he had known personally. At that time, it was perhaps the most popular book ever published in Quebec.[5]

In 1866, Aubert de Gaspé published his Mémoires, which continue and amplify the historical notes contained in his other works. Less brilliant and attractive than his novel, the Mémoires are an excellent specimen of anecdotal history. The author's standing and experience, the latter embracing directly or indirectly the space of a century dating from the Conquest, made him an authentic chronicler of an obscure yet eventful period of history.[1]

He was the last seigneur of Saint-Jean-Port-Joli and died at Quebec City on 29 January 1871.[1]

Family

[edit]

He married Susanne Allison in 1811. Together they had 13 children. Of his daughters, several of them married notable men, including Suzanne, who married William Power, a member of the legislative assembly; Adélaïde, who married Georges-René Saveuse de Beaujeu; Charlotte-Elmire, who married Andrew Stuart, a judge and seigneur; and Zoé, who married Charles Joseph Alleyn, who was also mayor of Quebec City.[6] His son Philippe-Ignace François was also a writer.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Hayne, David M. (2 April 2008). "Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé". Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  2. ^ "AUBERT DE LA CHESNAYE, CHARLES". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  3. ^ Castonguay, Jacques. "AUBERT DE GASPÉ, IGNACE-PHILIPPE". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  4. ^ "Philippe Aubert de Gaspé". Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  5. ^ a b Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Gaspé, Philip Aubert de" . Encyclopedia Americana.
  6. ^ Lacourcière, Luc (1972). "Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé". Dictionary of Canadian Biography.

References

[edit]
[edit]


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