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{{short description|American law firm}}
{{Advert|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox law firm
{{Infobox law firm
| name = Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
| name = Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
| logo = [[File:Wiki CRAVATH logo.png|140x54px|Cravath, Swaine & Moore]]
| logo = Cravath.svg
| headquarters = [[Manhattan West|Two Manhattan West]]<br />[[New York City]]<ref> Miller, Joe [https://www.ft.com/content/7fda88dc-3129-4f86-991e-b60860272748 "Cravath joins Midtown exodus with move to Manhattan’s Hudson Yards"] ''The Financial Times, April 28, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024.</ref>
| headquarters = New York City
| num_offices = 2
| num_offices = 3
| num_attorneys = 500+ attorneys
| num_attorneys = 500 (2024)<ref name=LAW.com/>
| num_employees =
| num_employees =
| practice_areas = Corporate, Litigation, Tax, Executive Compensation and Trusts and Estates
| practice_areas = General Corporate, [[Mergers and acquisitions|M&A]], Securities and Banking, Litigation, Tax, Trusts and Estates
| key_people = [[Faiza Saeed]]<ref>Stokes, Samantha [https://www.businessinsider.com/these-9-women-lead-the-most-elite-law-firms-2021-3 "Female lawyers are gaining seats at the table. Here are 9 women in charge of elite law firms"] ''Business Insider'', March 12, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref><br /><small>(Presiding Partner)</small>
| key_people = Evan Chesler, Presiding Partner
| revenue = {{gain}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 591 million (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/tal/PubArticleTAL.jsp?id=1202514395169|title=The 2011 Global 100: Most Profits Per Partner|accessdate=2012-01-31}}</ref>
| revenue = [[United States dollar|US$]] 1.1 billion<ref name=LAW.com>[https://www.law.com/americanlawyer/law-firm-profile/?id=71&name=Cravath%2C-Swaine-%26-Moore-LLP "Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP", Law.com. Retrieved October 26, 2024.]</ref>
| profit_per_equity_partner = [[United States dollar|US$]] 6.05 million (2023)
| date_founded = 1819
| founder = Richard Blatchford and [[William H. Seward]]
| date_founded = {{start date and age|1819}}
| founders = [[Richard M. Blatchford (attorney)|Richard M. Blatchford]]<br />[[William H. Seward]]
| company_type = [[Limited liability partnership]]
| company_type = [[Limited liability partnership]]
| homepage = [http://www.cravath.com/ www.cravath.com]
| homepage = {{url|https://www.cravath.com}}
| dissolved = <!-- Date/Reason the company dissolved, e.g., merger or bankruptcy -->
| dissolved = <!-- Date/Reason the company dissolved, e.g., merger or bankruptcy -->
}}
}}

'''Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP''' (“Cravath”) is a prominent American [[law firm]] based in [[New York City]], with an additional office in [[London]]. Cravath was founded in 1819 and consistently ranks first among the world's most prestigious law firms according to a survey of partners,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vault.com/wps/portal/usa/rankings/individual?rankingId1=40&rankingId2=43&rankings=1&regionId=0&rankingYear=2009|title=Vault Law Firm Rankings|work=Vault|accessdate=2011-08-18}}</ref> and second among the world's most prestigious law firms according to a survey of associates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vault.com/nr/lawrankings.jsp?law2009=12&ch_id=242&ps=1|title=Law Firm Rankings - 2012 Vault Law 100|work=Vault|accessdate=2011-06-30}}</ref> It is also one of the [[List of law firms by profits per partner|most profitable law firms]] in the world.
'''Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP''' (known as '''Cravath'''; {{respell|krə|VATH}}) is an American [[white-shoe firm|white-shoe]] [[law firm]] headquartered in [[New York City]]. The firm has additional offices in [[London]] and [[Washington, D.C.]]


==History==
==History==
In 1854, former college classmates [[William H. Seward]] (later [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s Secretary of State) and [[Richard M. Blatchford (attorney)|Richard M. Blatchford]] merged their respective law firms, forming Blatchford, Seward & Griswold.<ref name="Lanman1876">{{cite book|author=Charles Lanman|title=Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States: During Its First Century. From Original and Official Sources|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicalann00lanmgoog|year=1876|publisher=J. Anglim|pages=[https://archive.org/details/biographicalann00lanmgoog/page/n50 38]–}}</ref><ref name="Swaine2012a">{{cite book|author=Robert T. Swaine|title=The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8jmmSwD9KEC&pg=PA2|date=April 2012|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-58477-713-7|pages=2–}}</ref>
The firm arose from two predecessor firms, one in New York City and one in [[Auburn, New York]]. In 1854 these firms merged to form the firm of Blatchford, Seward & Griswold. Name partner [[Samuel Blatchford]] later served on the [[United States Supreme Court]]. Name partner [[William H. Seward]] later served as both governor of and a senator from New York, then became [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] under [[President of the United States|Presidents]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Andrew Johnson]]. In 1867, he negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia in a transaction contemporaries derisively called "[[Alaska Purchase|Seward's Folly]]." [[Paul Drennan Cravath]] joined the firm in 1899. He instituted the "[[Cravath System]]". The system combines a distinctive way of approaching the hiring, training and compensation of lawyers. After a series of name changes, the Cravath, Swaine & Moore name was made permanent in 1944.


Blatchford served in the [[New York State Assembly]], and as [[United States Ambassador to the Holy See|U.S. Minister to the State of the Church]]. His son, [[Samuel Blatchford|Samuel]], also a partner at the firm, served as a [[United States district court|federal district court]] and appeals court judge, was appointed to the [[United States Supreme Court]], in 1882, by [[President Chester Arthur]], serving for 11 years until his death; he was the first person to serve at all three levels of the judiciary. Seward served as both Governor and Senator from New York,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443819404577635400729428124|title=The Patriot-Statesman |work=Wall Street Journal|date= September 14, 2012 |access-date=April 6, 2015|author=Michael Burlingame}}</ref> supported the 1865 passing of the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Thirteenth Amendment]], and negotiated the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia in a transaction that his opponents derisively called "[[Alaska Purchase|Seward's Folly]]" and "Seward's Icebox",<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/alaska.html "Treaty with Russia for the Purchase of Alaska", Primary Documents in American History, The Library of Congress, April 25, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2019.]</ref> though since noted as a "bargain Basement deal"<ref>[https://historydaily.org/sewards-folly-whos-laughing-now "Seward’s Folly: Who’s Laughing Now?", by Karen Harris, ''History Daily'', January 2, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2019.]</ref> that was the principal positive accomplishment of the [[Andrew Johnson]] presidency.<ref>[https://www.history.com/news/why-the-purchase-of-alaska-was-far-from-folly "Why the Purchase of Alaska Was Far From “Folly", by Jesse Greenspan, ''History.com'', September 3, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2019.]</ref><ref>[https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase "Purchase of Alaska, 1867", Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States.]</ref>
Cravath has represented high profile businesses, from [[United Airlines]] in its merger with [[Continental Airlines]], the world's largest airline, to [[Unilever]] in its acquisition of [[Alberto Culver]]. In 2010, its litigation department won summary judgment for [[Morgan Stanley]] on its breach of contract claim against [[Discover Financial Services]]. In a subsequent settlement, Discover agreed to pay Morgan Stanley $775 million to resolve the litigation. In the same year they successfully represented [[Barnes & Noble]] in a landmark "[[poison pill]]" trial. Past clients ranged from [[Samuel F.B. Morse]], the inventor of the [[telegraph]] to corporations such as [[IBM]], [[PriceWaterhouseCoopers]], and [[CBS]]. It also performed the legal work necessary to form [[NBC]]. More recent decades have seen Cravath represent [[Netscape Communications Corporation|Netscape]] in its antitrust suit against [[Microsoft]], resulting in a $750 million settlement; major merger and acquisition deals, such as the [[DuPont]]-[[Conoco]] merger, the [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]-[[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]] merger, the [[Bristol-Myers-Squibb]] merger, the [[Time-Warner]] merger, and the [[AOL]]-[[Time-Warner]] merger; and two famed libel suits: defending [[Time Inc.]] against Israeli General [[Ariel Sharon]], and also defending [[CBS]] against [[U.S. Army]] [[General]] [[William Westmoreland]].


[[Paul Drennan Cravath]] joined the firm in 1899, and devised the "[[Cravath System]]", combining a distinct method of hiring, training, and compensating lawyers. His name was added to the firm name in 1901 and, in 1944, after a series of name changes, the Cravath, Swaine & Moore name was established and has not been altered since.
Unlike others, Cravath has remained relatively small. Its approximately 500 lawyers are located primarily in the New York Office, with just a few dozen in the London office, which opened in 1973. Cravath drew attention to its bankruptcy practice on November 10, 2010 by offering free representation in advance of a likely Chapter 9 filing for Harrisburg, PA.<ref>http://www.marksmarketanalysis.com/2010/11/harrisburg-pa-hires-bankruptcy-attorney.html</ref>


Cravath has represented noted American inventors [[Samuel F.B. Morse]], in the late 1840s; [[Cyrus McCormick]], [[Elias Howe]], and [[Charles Goodyear]] in the 1850s; and [[George Westinghouse]] in the 1880s.<ref>{{cite web | title =MIT Institute Archives & Special Collections, Historical Patent Records from the Blatchford, Seward & Griswold Collection (1841-1910) | url =https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/blatchford/ | website =libraries.mit.edu | access-date =April 13, 2015 | archive-date =April 26, 2015 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150426215413/http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/blatchford/ | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref name="Friedman2005">{{cite book|author=Lawrence M. Friedman|title=A History of American Law: Third Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JndnEiydTiYC&pg=PA486|date=1 June 2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-8258-1|pages=486–}}</ref> Some current client relationships that began in the 1800s are with [[CBS]], [[JPMorgan Chase|JPMorgan]], and [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]].<ref name="Skrabec2007">{{cite book|author=Quentin R. Skrabec|title=George Westinghouse: Gentle Genius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSFLhlsILOAC&pg=PA190|year=2007|publisher=Algora Publishing|isbn=978-0-87586-507-2|pages=190–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Gharnow | first =Ron | title = The House of Morgan|publisher= Grove Press| date =2001 | location = New York, New York| title-link =The House of Morgan }}</ref><ref name="AllenMcDermott1993">{{cite book|author1=David Grayson Allen|author2=Kathleen McDermott|title=Accounting for Success: A History of Price Waterhouse in America, 1890-1990|url=https://archive.org/details/accountingforsuc00alle_0|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Harvard Business Press|isbn=978-0-87584-328-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/accountingforsuc00alle_0/page/11 11]–}}</ref> The firm has had a long record of clients in the US railroad industry beginning with the [[Erie Railroad|New York & Erie]] and [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]] railroads, and express delivery businesses such as [[Adams Express|Adams, Southern]], and [[Wells Fargo]].<ref name="Swaine2012b">{{cite book|author=Robert T. Swaine|title=The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8jmmSwD9KEC&pg=PA327|date=April 2012|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-58477-713-7|pages=327–}}</ref><ref name="Martin1997">{{cite book|author=George Martin|title=Causes and Conflicts: The Centennial History of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 1870-1970|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nj7KJHVvnEUC&pg=PA8|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Fordham Univ Press|isbn=978-0-8232-1735-9|pages=8–}}</ref><ref name="AbbottAbbott1872">{{cite book|author1=Austin Abbott|author2=Benjamin Vaughan Abbott|title=Abbott's Practice Cases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qKxLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA458|year=1872|publisher=J.S. Voorhies|pages=458–}}</ref> Its 19th-century history includes the 1808 insanity defense of William Freeman for the murder of John G. Van Nest, the 1848 ''[[Jones v. Van Zandt]]'' challenge to the constitutionality of slavery, and the ''[[Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company]]'' tax case of 1895.<ref>{{cite web | title =Cayuga County Courthouse and the Case that Helped Establish the Insanity Defense in New York | url =https://www.nycourts.gov/publications/benchmarks/issue6/Courthouse.shtml | website =www.nycourts.gov/publications/benchmarks | date =Spring 2007 | access-date =April 13, 2015 | archive-date =March 3, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214431/https://www.nycourts.gov/publications/benchmarks/issue6/Courthouse.shtml | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hall |first=Benjamin F. |date=1848 |title=The trial of William Freeman for the murder of John G. Van Nest |url=https://archive.org/details/trialwilliamfre01courgoog |location= Auburn|publisher=Derby, Miller & Co. |access-date=April 13, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Rodriguez1997">{{cite book|author=Junius P. Rodriguez|title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1997|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-87436-885-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr/page/383 383]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Harvard Law Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wgtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA36|year=1911|publisher=Harvard Law Review Pub. Association|pages=36–}}</ref> Cases of mention before the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme]], [[United States courts of appeals|appellate]] and [[Delaware Court of Chancery|Chancery]] courts in more recent decades have been ''[[Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.]],'' ''Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States'', and ''City of Providence v. First Citizens BancShares Inc. et al''. Important litigation work with [[IBM]] has included two landmark antitrust cases, one of which was a 13-year battle dubbed by ''Time'' magazine as “the case of the century."<ref>{{cite court |litigants =Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. |vol = |reporter = |opinion = |pinpoint = |court =Supreme Court of the United States |date = April 17, 2013|url= https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/10-1491_l6gn.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite court |litigants =Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States |vol = |reporter = |opinion = |pinpoint = |court =United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit |date = May 12, 2005|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3207654301561318789&q=Westfed+Holdings+Inc.+v.+United+States&hl=en&as_sdt=6,33&as_vis=1 }},</ref><ref>{{cite court |litigants = City of Providence v. First Citizens BancShares Inc. et al.|vol =|reporter = |opinion = |pinpoint = |court =The Delaware Court of Chancery |date =September 8, 2014 |url=http://www.potteranderson.com/media/experience/617_City%20of%20Providence%20v.%20First%20Citizens%20BancShares%209%204%2014.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title =Business: The Case of the Century | newspaper = Time| date =May 21, 1979|url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920363-1,00.html | access-date = April 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first= David M.|last= Margolick|title=For Cravath, Life After I.B.M. |work= The New York Times|date=January 18, 1982 |access-date=April 14, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/18/business/for-cravath-life-after-ibm.html }}</ref><ref name="HallClark2002">{{cite book|author1=Kermit L. Hall|author2=David S. Clark|title=The Oxford Companion to American Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXodg4rwE1IC&pg=PA408|date=2 May 2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508878-6|pages=408–}}</ref>
==Rankings==
The firm consistently ranks at or near the top of various industry surveys, such as the [[Vault (company)|Vault]].com Partner (#1, 2009) and Associate (#2, 2009) prestige surveys. It consistently ranks within the top 3 on numerous [[Vault (company)|Vault]].com specialty rankings, including Antitrust, Corporate, Litigation, Mergers & Acquisitions, Securities and Tax.<ref>[http://www.vault.com/companies/company_main.jsp?co_page=1&product_id=293&ch_id=242 www.vault.com]</ref> Chambers and Partners ranks Cravath in its top tier for Banking & Finance, Capital Markets (Debt & Equity), Corporate/M&A, Environmental, Media and Entertainment, Securities and General Commercial Litigation and Tax.<ref>[http://www.chambersandpartners.com/USA/Firms/3830-32533 Chambers and Partners]</ref>


The firm has represented entities in the United Kingdom and Europe since the 1820s from the [[Bank of England]], to landmark public offerings by [[EU]] predecessors since the 1950s.<ref name="Stephenson2003">{{cite book|author=D. Grier Stephenson|title=The Waite Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-59Mj6m0dMC&pg=PA133|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-829-7|pages=133–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Rasmussen|first=Morten|date=December 2010|title=Constructing and Deconstructing Constitutional European Law: Some reflections on how to study the history of European law|url=http://www.euce.org/eusa/2011/papers/6a_rasmussen.pdf|journal=Europe. The New Legal Realism|publisher=Europe. The New Legal Realism, DJØF Publishing: Århus, 2010|access-date=April 14, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002841/http://www.euce.org/eusa/2011/papers/6a_rasmussen.pdf|archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> [[HM Treasury]], [[Grupo Modelo]], [[Santander Group|Santander]], and [[HDFC Bank]] are among more recent international clients.<ref>{{cite news| title =Legal Newswire – Cravath Represents HM Treasury In Recapitalization Plan For Three UK Banks| newspaper =LawFuel.com| date =October 17, 2008| url =http://www.lawfuel.com/legal-newswire-cravath-represents-hm-treasury-in-recapitalization-plan-for-three-uk-banks| access-date =April 14, 2015| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150427130314/http://www.lawfuel.com/legal-newswire-cravath-represents-hm-treasury-in-recapitalization-plan-for-three-uk-banks| archive-date =April 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Scott|first=Mark|title = Brewer to Buy Remaining Stake in Grupo Modelo| newspaper = DealBook |publisher=The New York Times|date = June 29, 2012| url =https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/06/29/anheuser-busch-inbev-to-buy-remaining-stake-in-grupo-modelo-for-20-1-billion/ | access-date = April 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =Santander Consumer USA Holdings Inc. (SC) IPO | url = http://www.nasdaq.com/markets/ipos/company/santander-consumer-usa-holdings-inc-910149-72960?tab=experts| website = www.nasdaq.com| date =January 23, 2014 | access-date = April 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.international.law.com/id=1202718865956/Cravath-Acts-on-Indian-Lender-HDFCs-16B-Share-Sale?cmp=share_twitter|title=Cravath Acts on Indian Lender HDFC's $1.6B Share Sale|work=The Asian Lawyer|date=February 6, 2013 | access-date=February 25, 2015 | author=Brennan, Tom}}</ref> Cravath drew attention to its bankruptcy practice on November 10, 2010, by offering free representation in advance of a likely Chapter 9 filing for [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marksmarketanalysis.com/2010/11/harrisburg-pa-hires-bankruptcy-attorney.html |title=Mark's Market Analysis |access-date=2010-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110714040620/http://www.marksmarketanalysis.com/2010/11/harrisburg-pa-hires-bankruptcy-attorney.html |archive-date=2011-07-14 }}</ref> The firm's restructuring work traces back to clients such as Goodyear in 1921.<ref>{{cite book|title=Poor's Cumulative Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1BAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA131|year=1921|publisher=Poor's Publishing House.|pages=131–}}</ref> After their 1916 reorganization of corporations lectures before the [[New York City Bar Association|Bar of the City of New York]], [[Paul Drennan Cravath|Paul D. Cravath]] and [[William Dameron Guthrie|William D. Guthrie]] were reviewed to be "men of wide experience in these matters," and several of their partners including Alexander I. Henderson and Robert T. Swaine "ranked among the leaders of the reorganization bar."<ref name="PerezWillett1995">{{cite book|author1=Robert C. Perez|author2=Edward F. Willett|title=Clarence Dillon: A Wall Street Enigma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2iU7Ibll-wC&pg=PA3|date=6 June 1995|publisher=Madison Books|isbn=978-1-4617-1383-8|pages=3–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C1Y5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA641|year=1917|publisher=J.H. Richards|pages=641–}}</ref><ref name="ByrneCravath1917">{{cite book|author1=James Byrne|author2=Paul Drennan Cravath|author3=George Woodward Wickersham |author4=Gilbert Holland Montague |author5=William Dameron Guthrie|title=Some Legal Phases of Corporate Financing, Reorganization and Regulation|url=https://archive.org/details/somelegalphaseso00assorich|year=1917|publisher=Macmillan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/somelegalphaseso00assorich/page/153 153]–}}</ref><ref name="Jr.2014">{{cite book|author=David A. Skeel Jr.|title=Debt's Dominion: A History of Bankruptcy Law in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4VwXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-2850-0|pages=102–}}</ref>
In 2010, Cravath was ranked fifth in ''[[The American Lawyer]]'''s annual listing of highest profits per partner.<ref>http://www.law.com/jsp/tal/PubArticleTAL.jsp?id=1202448485135</ref>


In November 2014, Cravath handled three M&A transactions in one day, spanning advertising, spirits, and pharmaceutical industries; and acted as legal advisor in a recently announced deal backed by [[3G Capital]] and [[Berkshire Hathaway Inc.]] that will create the third-largest food and beverage company in North America.<ref>{{Citation|title =Cravath Handles Trio of Big-Ticket Deals| newspaper =Lawdragon| date =November 6, 2014| url= http://www.lawdragon.com/news-articles/cravath-handles-trio-of-big-ticket-deals/ | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141119103247/http://www.lawdragon.com/news-articles/cravath-handles-trio-of-big-ticket-deals/| archive-date =2014-11-19|url-status=dead| access-date = April 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1 = Giammona| first1 =Craig|last2 =Boyle| first2 =Matthew|title =Kraft Will Merge With Heinz in Deal Backed by 3G and Buffett|newspaper = BloombergBusiness|date =March 25, 2015|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-25/3g-capital-berkshire-to-buy-kraft-foods-merge-it-with-heinz | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150325130148/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-25/3g-capital-berkshire-to-buy-kraft-foods-merge-it-with-heinz| archive-date =2015-03-25|url-status = dead|access-date = April 20, 2015}}</ref> Other significant representations have included legal work necessary to form [[NBC]], [[United Airlines]] in its merger with [[Continental Airlines]], the world's largest airline, to [[Unilever]] in its acquisition of [[Alberto-Culver]]. In 2010, its litigation department won summary judgment for [[Morgan Stanley]] on its breach of contract claim against [[Discover Financial Services]]. In a subsequent settlement, Discover agreed to pay Morgan Stanley $775 million to resolve the litigation. In the same year they successfully represented [[Barnes & Noble]] in a landmark "[[Shareholder rights plan|poison pill]]" trial. In the past several decades Cravath has represented [[Netscape Communications Corporation|Netscape]] in its antitrust suit against [[Microsoft]], resulting in a $750 million settlement; major merger and acquisition deals, such as the [[DuPont]]-[[Conoco]] merger, the [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]-[[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]] merger, the [[Bristol-Myers-Squibb]] merger, the [[Time-Warner]] merger, and the [[AOL]]-[[Time-Warner]] merger; and two famed libel suits: defending [[Time Inc.]] against Israeli General [[Ariel Sharon]], and also defending [[CBS]] against [[U.S. Army]] [[General]] [[William Westmoreland]].
==Hiring==
Entry to the firm is highly selective, generally open to only the most academically successful students from the most elite law schools in the United States and Canada.


Unlike others, Cravath has remained a relatively small firm. Its approximately 500 lawyers are located primarily in the New York Office, with a few dozen in the London office, which opened in 1973 and Washington, DC launched in 2022.<ref>[https://news.bloomberglaw.com/business-and-practice/cravath-launches-d-c-office-with-former-sec-fdic-leaders Cravath Launches D.C. Office With Former SEC, FDIC Leaders], by Meghan Tribe, Bloomberg Law, 6 June 2022.</ref> The firm opened a Hong Kong office in 1994, closing it nine years later.<ref>{{cite news|work=Law Dragon|date=5 March 2006|url=http://www.lawdragon.com/2006/03/05/new-york-story/|first=John|last=Ryan|title=New York Story: Evan Chelser}}</ref>
The firm is known for focusing its hiring on associates straight from law school; lateral hires are rare at the associate level and new partners are almost never taken on. In 2005, Cravath hired [[Andrew W. Needham]], formerly a [[Tax law|tax]] partner at [[Willkie Farr & Gallagher]],<ref>[http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1110449112913 Cravath Hires Tax Partner, Its First Lateral in Decades]</ref> as the first lateral partner since [[Herbert L. Camp]], also a tax partner, from the now-defunct [[Donovan Leisure Newton & Irvine]] in 1987. Camp, however, had previously been a Cravath associate and is therefore not considered a true lateral because he started his career there. The last true lateral was [[Jeffrey A. Smith]], who founded Cravath's environmental group, from now-defunct Clark, Ladner, Fortenbough & Young, and who has since, in a rare move, lateraled out of Cravath.<ref>[http://amlawdaily.typepad.com/amlawdaily/2012/01/crowell-cravath.html In Rare Move, Cravath Partner Leaves Firm for Crowell]</ref> Before that, [[Roswell Magill]], a former Treasury Department official, became a Cravath tax partner in 1943. In 2007, the firm brought in [[Richard Levin (lawyer)|Richard Levin]] from [[Skadden, Arps]] to boost its new [[bankruptcy]] practice.<ref>[http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/05/09/the-horror-the-horror-cravath-starts-a-bankruptcy-practice/ Cravath starts a bankruptcy practice]</ref>


In 2015, Cravath, Swaine and Moore was the victim of what the firm described as a "limited breach" of its computer network, which ''The New York Times'' connected to a 2016 court case against three Chinese hackers who had made more than $4 million from insider information about merger deals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/business/dealbook/new-york-hacking-law-firms-insider-trading.html|title=3 Men Made Millions by Hacking Merger Lawyers, U.S. Says|last=Picker|first=Leslie|date=2016-12-27|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-insidertrading-idUSKBN14G1D5 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |title=U.S. accuses Chinese citizens of hacking law firms, insider trading |first=Nate |last=Raymond |date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228183507/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-insidertrading-idUSKBN14G1D5 |quote=Prosecutors did not identify the two law firms, or five others they said the defendants targeted. But one matched the description of New York-based Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, which represented Pitney Bowes in its 2015 acquisition of Borderfree Inc, one of the mergers in question. The indictment said that by using a law firm employee's credentials, the defendants installed malware on the firm's servers to access emails from lawyers, including a partner responsible for the Pitney deal. Cravath declined to comment. In March, Cravath confirmed discovering a "limited breach" of its systems in 2015. |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The firm also conducts a summer associate program where law students work in a number of different departments ranging from Corporate to Trusts & Estates. The program provides students with an opportunity to experience life as a Cravath attorney while learning valuable skills at the same time. An extensive profile of the firm is available on the Law Periscope website.


In March 2019, the [[New-York Historical Society]] Museum & Library debuted an installation highlighting the firm, which illustrates legal milestones across two centuries, including obtaining patents for both the telegraph and the sewing machine, organizing [[NBC]], and securing equal access to locker rooms for women sports reporters, exhibited "through a collection of unique documents, photographs, and prints."<ref>[https://www.nyhistory.org/exhibitions/two-centuries-law-cravath-swaine-moore# "Two Centuries of the Law: Cravath, Swaine & Moore", New-York Historical Society Museum & Library, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2020.]</ref>
==Famous current and former employees==
===Judiciary===
*[[Deborah Batts]], New York federal judge
*[[Samuel Blatchford]], [[U.S. Supreme Court Justice]]
*[[William O. Douglas]], [[U.S. Supreme Court Justice]] and SEC chairman
*[[John Gleeson (judge)|John Gleeson]], New York federal judge
*[[Elizabeth Stong]], New York federal judge
*[[Katherine B. Forrest]], New York federal judge nominee, S.D.N.Y.


== Notable clients and cases ==
===Government service===
In 1848, the firm (then Seward & Blatchford) brought the ''Jones v. Van Zandt'' challenge to the constitutionality of [[slavery]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/workswilliamhse03bakegoog ''The Works of William H. Seward'', Volume 1, William Henry Seward, Redfield, USA, 1853, page 476. Retrieved June 16, 2019.]</ref>
*[[William Seward]], former U.S. Senator and Governor of New York, and U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Andrew Johnson]]
*[[Richard C. Breeden]], activist hedge fund manager and former [[United States Securities and Exchange Commission]] Chairman
*[[Valerie Caproni]], [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] General Counsel
*[[Kenneth Dam]], Deputy Secretary of Treasury, 2001–2003; Deputy Secretary of State, 1982–1985
*[[Patricia M. Geoghegan]], Acting Special Master for [[Troubled Asset Relief Program]] Executive Compensation
*[[Roswell Gilpatric]], Deputy Secretary of Defense, 1961–1964; Chairman, Task Force on Nuclear Proliferation, 1964<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Pace |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Rosewell L. Gilpatric, Lawyer and Kennedy Aide, Dies at 89 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B01E2D61639F934A25750C0A960958260 |work=New York Times |publisher= |date=1996-03-17 |accessdate= }}</ref>
*[[Roswell Magill]], Treasury Department official
*[[Alfred McCormack]], Director of Intelligence of the [[Military Intelligence Service]] and Special Assistant to the Secretary of State
*[[Timothy G. Massad]], Acting Head of the [[Office of Financial Stability]]
*[[John J. McCloy]], former Assistant Secretary of War, former president of the [[World Bank]], former adviser to several U.S. presidents
*[[Frederick A. O. Schwarz, Jr.]], New York City Corporation Counsel
*John White, [[United States Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]] Director of Corporation Finance
*[[Dick Zimmer (New Jersey politician)|Dick Zimmer]], former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] for [[New Jersey's 12th congressional district]] and 2008 candidate for [[U.S. Senate]]
*[[Basil O'Connor]], head of the [[March of Dimes]]


In the early 1940s, the firm represented ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' in ''Esquire v. Walker'', later ''[[Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc.]]'', at the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], successfully fighting off the attempted censorship of its magazine by the [[Postmaster General|two postmasters General]] in 1946.<ref>[https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1948&context=journal_articles "The Esquire Case: A Lost Free Speech Landmark"] by Samantha Barbas, University at Buffalo School of Law December 1, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1990/spring/esquire-v-walker-1.html ''Esquire v. Walker''] by Jean Preer, ''Prologue Magazine'', Spring 1990, Vol. 23, No. 1.</ref>
===Business===

*[[Robert A. Kindler]], Vice Chairman of [[Morgan Stanley]]
In the 1960s, Cravath lawyers wrote the U.S. Supreme Court brief on behalf of the [[Congress of Racial Equality]]’s Freedom rides protesting segregated buses, and were called upon by President [[John F. Kennedy]] to help form the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.<ref>[https://www.cravath.com/proudhistory/ "A Proud History", "Philosophy", Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP. Retrieved June 16, 2019.]</ref>
*[[Adebayo Ogunlesi]], Chairman and Managing Partner of Global Infrastructure Partners

*[[Adam Silver]], [[NBA]] Deputy Commissioner and COO
In 1966, the firm helped launch litigation that would become ''[[Miranda v. Arizona]]'',<ref>[https://www.baylor.edu/prelaw/index.php?id=956558 "Ep. 5 - Corporate law in NYC", Pre-Law, Baylor University, October 17, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2019.]</ref> which established that states cannot interrogate suspects without informing them of the right to counsel, now implemented as the [[Miranda warning]] issued by police to criminal suspects taken into custody.
*[[Bruce Wasserstein]], Chairman of [[Lazard]]

In 1971, as ''[[The Washington Post]]'' prepared to publish the [[Pentagon Papers]], Cravath reformed the publisher as a [[public company]] that was structured to protect editorial freedom.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6wM9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16 ''The Pentagon Papers: Making History at the Washington Post''] by Katharine Graham, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 1971, page 16. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</ref>

In 1989, the firm argued before the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of African American and women firefighters in [[Birmingham, Alabama]]. The case was a catalyst for the [[Civil Rights Act of 1991]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/pro-bono-heroes-cravaths-38-year-fight-justice-alabama-2021-07-02/ "Pro Bono Heroes: Cravath’s 38-year fight for justice in Alabama"] by Jenna Greene, ''Reuters'', July 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</ref> Cravath concluded successful plaintiff representation in ''United States v. Jefferson County'' in December 2020.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/cravath-donates-6-mln-fisk-university-civil-rights-groups-2021-06-15/ "Cravath donates $6 mln to Fisk University, civil rights groups"] by Arriana McLymore, ''Reuters'', June 15, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</ref>

During 2019 - 2021, Cravath represented [[Epic Games]] in ''[[Epic Games v. Apple]],'' alleging anticompetitive behavior in the distribution of mobile apps and the processing of in-app purchases.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/02/technology/apple-epic-lawsuit-app-fees.html | title = Fortnite Creator Sues Apple and Google After Ban From App Stores | first1= Jack | last1 = Nicas | first2 = Erin | last2 = Griffith | date = May 2, 2021 | access-date = December 23, 2021 | work = The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/04/business/the-first-day-of-the-epic-games-v-apple-trial-was-a-tour-of-the-fortnite-metaverse.html | title = The first day of the Epic Games v. Apple trial was a tour of the Fortnite 'metaverse.'| date = May 4, 2021 |access-date = December 23, 2021 | work = The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/10/epic-games-v-apple-judge-reaches-decision-.htmll | title = Apple can no longer force developers to use in-app purchasing, judge rules in Epic Games case | first = Kif | last = Leswing | date = September 8, 2020 | access-date = December 23, 2021 | work = CNBC }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Rankings and awards==
Based on a survey of law firm associate attorneys rating the reputations of firms other than their own, Cravath ranked as the #1 law firm in the United States in the annual "Vault Law 100", in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and either #1 or #2 annually, since 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vault Law 100 |url=https://firsthand.co/best-companies-to-work-for/law/top-100-law-firms-rankings |website=firsthand.co |publisher=Firsthand |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vault.com/blogs/vaults-law-blog-legal-careers-and-industry-news/vaults-top-100-law-firms-for-2019 |title="Vault's Top 100 Law Firms For 2019", ''Vault'', June 20, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2019. |access-date=June 10, 2019 |archive-date=October 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021004752/https://www.vault.com/blogs/vaults-law-blog-legal-careers-and-industry-news/vaults-top-100-law-firms-for-2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vault Top 100 Law Firms for 2017|url=http://www.vault.com/blog/vaults-law-blog-legal-careers-and-industry-news/vaults-top-100-law-firms-for-2017/|website=Vault}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vault.com/blog/vaults-law-blog-legal-careers-and-industry-news/vaults-top-100-law-firms-for-2018/|title=Vault Top 100 Law Firms for 2018|website=Vault|access-date=2019-04-06|archive-date=2019-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406200152/http://www.vault.com/blog/vaults-law-blog-legal-careers-and-industry-news/vaults-top-100-law-firms-for-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the 2017 Above The Law Power 100<ref>{{cite web|title=Above The Law 2017 Power 100 Law Firm Rankings|url=http://abovethelaw.com/careers/2017-power-100-law-firm-rankings/|website=Above The Law}}</ref> and Office 100.<ref>{{cite web|title=Above The Law 2017 Office 100 Law Firm Rankings|url=http://abovethelaw.com/careers/2017-office-100-law-firm-rankings/|website=Above The Law}}</ref> In 2016 [[Chambers and Partners]] ranked Cravath in the top tier among U.S. law firms for Banking & Finance, Capital Markets (Debt & Equity), Corporate/M&A (The Elite), Environment (Mainly Transactional), Media & Entertainment (Corporate), Securities Litigation, General Commercial Litigation (The Elite) and Tax.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chambers and Partners Nationwide Departments Rankings|url=http://www.chambersandpartners.com/USA/firm/3830/cravath-swaine-moore|website=Chambers and Partners|access-date=2017-03-03|archive-date=2017-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304035850/http://www.chambersandpartners.com/USA/firm/3830/cravath-swaine-moore|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Cravath was ranked 52 in [[The American Lawyer]]'s Am Law 200 in 2022,<ref name=LAW.com/> which lists the firm by revenue and profits per lawyer, compensation and other criteria.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.com/law-firm-profile/?id=71&name=Cravath,-Swaine-&-Moore-LLP|title=Cravath, Swaine|website=Law.com|language=en|access-date=March 3, 2023}}</ref>

==Hiring==
{{Main|Cravath System}}
Under the [[Cravath System]], the firm is known for focusing its hiring on associates straight from law school, with a strong emphasis on grades, then over years of apprenticeship rotations, immersing them in details of every aspect of corporate law practice.<ref>{{cite journal|author=William D. Henderson|date=July 2009|title=The Bursting of the Pedigree Bubble|url=https://www.law.indiana.edu/lawlibrary/services/bibliography/doc/NALPHenderson.pdf|journal=NALP Bulletin|volume=21|issue=7|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328145258/http://law.indiana.edu/lawlibrary/services/bibliography/doc/NALPHenderson.pdf|archive-date=2013-03-28}}</ref> Under this philosophy, lateral hires are rare, with some exceptions. In 2005, Cravath hired [[Andrew W. Needham]], formerly a [[Tax law|tax]] partner at [[Willkie Farr & Gallagher]],<ref>[http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1110449112913 Cravath Hires Tax Partner, Its First Lateral in Decades]</ref> as the first lateral partner since Herbert L. Camp, also a tax partner, from the now-defunct [[Donovan Leisure Newton & Irvine]] in 1987. Camp, however, had previously been a Cravath associate and may therefore be considered to not be a true lateral hire because he started his career there. Before that, [[Roswell Magill]], a former Treasury Department official, became a Cravath tax partner in 1943. In 2007, the firm brought in Richard Levin from [[Skadden, Arps]] to boost its new [[bankruptcy]] practice.<ref>[https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/05/09/the-horror-the-horror-cravath-starts-a-bankruptcy-practice/ Cravath starts a bankruptcy practice]</ref> In 2011, Cravath hired [[Christine A. Varney]], a former U.S. Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division for the [[Obama Administration]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/07/06/cravath-to-hire-d-o-j-s-top-antitrust-lawyer/ | title=Cravath to Hire Antitrust Chief | work=New York Times| date=June 6, 2011 | access-date=May 19, 2015 | author1=Lattman, Peter | author2=de la Merced, Michael}}</ref> This was criticized as a [[Revolving door (politics)|revolving door]] case, as Cravath later had Varney represent AT&T in its acquisition of Time Warner, which the Antitrust Division let pass.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citizen.org/article/ftc-big-tech-revolving-door-problem-report/|title=75% of FTC Officials Have Revolving Door Conflicts With Tech Corporations and Other Industries|website=Public Citizen|date=23 May 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref> In 2013, the firm hired [[David Kappos]], who served as the [[Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property]] and Director of the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/02/06/cravath-hires-2nd-top-official-from-obama-administration/ | title=Cravath Hires a 2nd Official From Obama Administration | work=New York Times | date=February 6, 2013 | access-date=February 6, 2013 | author=Lattman, Peter}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2013/02/06/cravath-plucks-former-pto-chief-david-kappos/ | title=Cravath Plucks Former PTO Chief David Kappos | work=Wall Street Journal | date=February 6, 2013 | access-date=May 19, 2015 | author=Jones, Ashby}}</ref>


In addition, the system includes lockstep compensation on a published scale, which has tended to be consistent with the scale paid by most leading US law firms, and is known (for historical reasons) as the "Cravath Scale".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/cravath-announces-associate-bonuses-did-the-firm-top-milbank|title=Cravath announces associate bonuses; did the firm top Milbank?}}</ref>
===Law===
*[[Thomas D. Barr]], litigator who represented [[IBM]] in a 13-year [[antitrust]] case
*[[David Boies]], litigator who represented [[Al Gore]] in ''[[Bush v. Gore]]'', founding partner of [[Boies, Schiller & Flexner]]
*[[Bruce Bromley]], famous litigator in the 1950s and 1960s
*[[James Colliton]], convicted felon <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/03/nyregion/03plea.html New York Times]</ref>
*[[Robert D. Joffe]], [[antitrust]] and [[corporate law]] expert, key figure behind the [[AOL]]-[[Time Warner]] merger
*[[John H. Pickering]], founding partner of [[Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering]]
*[[Lloyd Cutler]], founding partner of [[Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering]]
*[[John B. Quinn]], founding partner of [[Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan]]
*[[David Louis Schwartz]] <ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1993/06/21/1993_06_21_054_TNY_CARDS_000363576 New Yorker]</ref>


In November 2023, amid a wave of [[Antisemitism in the United States|antisemitic]] incidents at elite U.S. law schools, Cravath, Swaine & Moore was among a group of major law firms who sent a letter to top law school deans warning them that an escalation in incidents targeting Jewish students would have corporate hiring consequences. The letter said "We look to you to ensure your students who hope to join our firms after graduation are prepared to be an active part of workplace communities that have zero tolerance policies for any form of discrimination or harassment, much less the kind that has been taking place on some law school campuses."<ref name=hiring>{{cite news |last1=Sorkin |first1=Andrew Ross |last2=Mattu |first2=Ravi |last3=Warner |first3=Bernhard |last4=Kessler |first4=Sarah |last5=Merced |first5=Michael J. de la |last6=Hirsch |first6=Lauren |last7=Livni |first7=Ephrat |title=Law Firms Warn Universities About Antisemitism on Campus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/business/dealbook/law-firms-schools-antisemitism.html |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=2 November 2023}}</ref>
===Academia===
*[[Aditi Bagchi]], professor at [[University of Pennsylvania Law School]]
*[[Jack Balkin]], professor at [[Yale Law School]]
*[[Royce de rohan Barondes]], professor at [[University of Missouri School of Law]]
*[[John S. Beckerman]], Associate Dean at [[Rutgers Law School-Camden]]
*[[Thomas J. Brennan]], professor at [[Northwestern University School of Law]]
* [[Lawrence A. Cunningham]], professor at [[George Washington University Law School]], editor of The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America
*[[John C. Coffee]], professor at [[Columbia Law School]], securities law expert
*John L. Diamond, professor at [[University of California, Hastings]], Torts law expert
*[[Gary Francione]], animal rights theorist and professor at [[Rutgers School of Law—Newark|Rutgers Law School]]
* Wulf A. Kaal, professor at [[University of St. Thomas School of Law|University of St. Thomas School of Law (Minneapolis)]]
*[[John Leitner]], the youngest professor in the history of [[Seoul National University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2900225|title=Lawyer makes history as youngest SNU professor |work=JoongAng Daily|accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref>
*[[Charles A. Reich]], former [[Yale Law School]] professor
*[[Catherine Struve]], professor at [[University of Pennsylvania Law School]], reporter to the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Appellate Rules
*Suja A. Thomas, professor at the University of Illinois


===Publishing===
==See also==
*[[List of largest law firms by profits per partner]]
*[[Thomas Hauser]], author
*[[List of largest law firms by revenue]]
*[[Gerald Posner]], journalist
*[[List of Cravath, Swaine & Moore employees]]
*[[James B. Stewart]], journalist and author


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*Oller, John (2019) ''White Shoe: How a New Breed of Wall Street Lawyers Changed Big Business--and the American Century''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=W7NkDwAAQBAJ&q=paul ''White Shoe: How a New Breed of Wall Street Lawyers Changed Big Business and the American Century'', by John Oller, Penguin Random House, 2019.] {{ISBN|978-1524743253}}</ref>
*{{cite book |title=The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors: 1819-1947 |last=Swaine |first=Robert T. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2007 |origyear=1948 |publisher=Lawbook Exchange |location=Clark, NJ |isbn=1-58477-713-3 |pages= |url= }}
*{{cite book |title=The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors: 1819-1947 |last=Swaine |first=Robert T. |year=2007 |orig-year=1948 |publisher=Lawbook Exchange |location=Clark, NJ |isbn=978-1-58477-713-7 }}
*{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=James|title=A Law Firm Where Money Seemed Secondary|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/09/24/a-law-firm-where-money-seemed-secondary/|newspaper=New York Times|date=24 September 2012 }}
*{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=James |author-link=James B. Stewart | title=The Partners: Inside America's Most Powerful Law Firms | publisher=Simon & Schuster | location=New York | year=1983 | isbn=0-671-42023-2 |title-link=The Partners (book) }}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/manuscripts/?q=+richard+blatchford&st=slideshow#|title= Handwritten papers by, and other collection titles mentioning Richard M. Blatchford, from the 1860s|last1= Blatchford|first1= Richard M.|website= www.loc.gov |publisher= The Library of Congress|access-date=March 17, 2016}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.cravath.com Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP website]
*[http://www.cravath.com Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP website]
*[http://www.chambersandpartners.com/Global/Firms/3830-40024 Chambers and Partners Profile]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121019114422/http://www.chambersandpartners.com/Global/Firms/3830-40024 Chambers and Partners profile]
*[http://www.lawperiscope.com/firms/cravath-swaine-moore.php Cravath Swaine and Moore Lawperiscope Profile]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cravath, Swaine and Moore}}
[[Category:Cravath, Swaine & Moore| ]]
[[Category:Law firms established in 1819]]
[[Category:Law firms established in 1819]]
[[Category:Law firms based in New York City]]
[[Category:Law firms based in New York City]]
[[Category:Economy of London]]
[[Category:Economy of London]]
[[Category:1819 establishments in the United States]]

Latest revision as of 17:58, 9 January 2025

Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
HeadquartersTwo Manhattan West
New York City[1]
No. of offices3
No. of attorneys500 (2024)[2]
Major practice areasGeneral Corporate, M&A, Securities and Banking, Litigation, Tax, Trusts and Estates
Key peopleFaiza Saeed[3]
(Presiding Partner)
RevenueUS$ 1.1 billion[2]
Profit per equity partnerUS$ 6.05 million (2023)
Date founded1819; 206 years ago (1819)
FoundersRichard M. Blatchford
William H. Seward
Company typeLimited liability partnership
Websitewww.cravath.com

Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP (known as Cravath; krə-VATH) is an American white-shoe law firm headquartered in New York City. The firm has additional offices in London and Washington, D.C.

History

[edit]

In 1854, former college classmates William H. Seward (later Abraham Lincoln's Secretary of State) and Richard M. Blatchford merged their respective law firms, forming Blatchford, Seward & Griswold.[4][5]

Blatchford served in the New York State Assembly, and as U.S. Minister to the State of the Church. His son, Samuel, also a partner at the firm, served as a federal district court and appeals court judge, was appointed to the United States Supreme Court, in 1882, by President Chester Arthur, serving for 11 years until his death; he was the first person to serve at all three levels of the judiciary. Seward served as both Governor and Senator from New York,[6] supported the 1865 passing of the Thirteenth Amendment, and negotiated the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia in a transaction that his opponents derisively called "Seward's Folly" and "Seward's Icebox",[7] though since noted as a "bargain Basement deal"[8] that was the principal positive accomplishment of the Andrew Johnson presidency.[9][10]

Paul Drennan Cravath joined the firm in 1899, and devised the "Cravath System", combining a distinct method of hiring, training, and compensating lawyers. His name was added to the firm name in 1901 and, in 1944, after a series of name changes, the Cravath, Swaine & Moore name was established and has not been altered since.

Cravath has represented noted American inventors Samuel F.B. Morse, in the late 1840s; Cyrus McCormick, Elias Howe, and Charles Goodyear in the 1850s; and George Westinghouse in the 1880s.[11][12] Some current client relationships that began in the 1800s are with CBS, JPMorgan, and PricewaterhouseCoopers.[13][14][15] The firm has had a long record of clients in the US railroad industry beginning with the New York & Erie and Union Pacific railroads, and express delivery businesses such as Adams, Southern, and Wells Fargo.[16][17][18] Its 19th-century history includes the 1808 insanity defense of William Freeman for the murder of John G. Van Nest, the 1848 Jones v. Van Zandt challenge to the constitutionality of slavery, and the Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company tax case of 1895.[19][20][21][22] Cases of mention before the Supreme, appellate and Chancery courts in more recent decades have been Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States, and City of Providence v. First Citizens BancShares Inc. et al. Important litigation work with IBM has included two landmark antitrust cases, one of which was a 13-year battle dubbed by Time magazine as “the case of the century."[23][24][25][26][27][28]

The firm has represented entities in the United Kingdom and Europe since the 1820s from the Bank of England, to landmark public offerings by EU predecessors since the 1950s.[29][30] HM Treasury, Grupo Modelo, Santander, and HDFC Bank are among more recent international clients.[31][32][33][34] Cravath drew attention to its bankruptcy practice on November 10, 2010, by offering free representation in advance of a likely Chapter 9 filing for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.[35] The firm's restructuring work traces back to clients such as Goodyear in 1921.[36] After their 1916 reorganization of corporations lectures before the Bar of the City of New York, Paul D. Cravath and William D. Guthrie were reviewed to be "men of wide experience in these matters," and several of their partners including Alexander I. Henderson and Robert T. Swaine "ranked among the leaders of the reorganization bar."[37][38][39][40]

In November 2014, Cravath handled three M&A transactions in one day, spanning advertising, spirits, and pharmaceutical industries; and acted as legal advisor in a recently announced deal backed by 3G Capital and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. that will create the third-largest food and beverage company in North America.[41][42] Other significant representations have included legal work necessary to form NBC, United Airlines in its merger with Continental Airlines, the world's largest airline, to Unilever in its acquisition of Alberto-Culver. In 2010, its litigation department won summary judgment for Morgan Stanley on its breach of contract claim against Discover Financial Services. In a subsequent settlement, Discover agreed to pay Morgan Stanley $775 million to resolve the litigation. In the same year they successfully represented Barnes & Noble in a landmark "poison pill" trial. In the past several decades Cravath has represented Netscape in its antitrust suit against Microsoft, resulting in a $750 million settlement; major merger and acquisition deals, such as the DuPont-Conoco merger, the Ford-Jaguar merger, the Bristol-Myers-Squibb merger, the Time-Warner merger, and the AOL-Time-Warner merger; and two famed libel suits: defending Time Inc. against Israeli General Ariel Sharon, and also defending CBS against U.S. Army General William Westmoreland.

Unlike others, Cravath has remained a relatively small firm. Its approximately 500 lawyers are located primarily in the New York Office, with a few dozen in the London office, which opened in 1973 and Washington, DC launched in 2022.[43] The firm opened a Hong Kong office in 1994, closing it nine years later.[44]

In 2015, Cravath, Swaine and Moore was the victim of what the firm described as a "limited breach" of its computer network, which The New York Times connected to a 2016 court case against three Chinese hackers who had made more than $4 million from insider information about merger deals.[45][46]

In March 2019, the New-York Historical Society Museum & Library debuted an installation highlighting the firm, which illustrates legal milestones across two centuries, including obtaining patents for both the telegraph and the sewing machine, organizing NBC, and securing equal access to locker rooms for women sports reporters, exhibited "through a collection of unique documents, photographs, and prints."[47]

Notable clients and cases

[edit]

In 1848, the firm (then Seward & Blatchford) brought the Jones v. Van Zandt challenge to the constitutionality of slavery.[48]

In the early 1940s, the firm represented Esquire in Esquire v. Walker, later Hannegan v. Esquire, Inc., at the U.S. Supreme Court, successfully fighting off the attempted censorship of its magazine by the two postmasters General in 1946.[49][50]

In the 1960s, Cravath lawyers wrote the U.S. Supreme Court brief on behalf of the Congress of Racial Equality’s Freedom rides protesting segregated buses, and were called upon by President John F. Kennedy to help form the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.[51]

In 1966, the firm helped launch litigation that would become Miranda v. Arizona,[52] which established that states cannot interrogate suspects without informing them of the right to counsel, now implemented as the Miranda warning issued by police to criminal suspects taken into custody.

In 1971, as The Washington Post prepared to publish the Pentagon Papers, Cravath reformed the publisher as a public company that was structured to protect editorial freedom.[53]

In 1989, the firm argued before the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of African American and women firefighters in Birmingham, Alabama. The case was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Act of 1991.[54] Cravath concluded successful plaintiff representation in United States v. Jefferson County in December 2020.[55]

During 2019 - 2021, Cravath represented Epic Games in Epic Games v. Apple, alleging anticompetitive behavior in the distribution of mobile apps and the processing of in-app purchases.[56][57][58]

Rankings and awards

[edit]

Based on a survey of law firm associate attorneys rating the reputations of firms other than their own, Cravath ranked as the #1 law firm in the United States in the annual "Vault Law 100", in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and either #1 or #2 annually, since 2007.[59][60][61][62] and the 2017 Above The Law Power 100[63] and Office 100.[64] In 2016 Chambers and Partners ranked Cravath in the top tier among U.S. law firms for Banking & Finance, Capital Markets (Debt & Equity), Corporate/M&A (The Elite), Environment (Mainly Transactional), Media & Entertainment (Corporate), Securities Litigation, General Commercial Litigation (The Elite) and Tax.[65]

Cravath was ranked 52 in The American Lawyer's Am Law 200 in 2022,[2] which lists the firm by revenue and profits per lawyer, compensation and other criteria.[66]

Hiring

[edit]
Main article: Cravath System

Under the Cravath System, the firm is known for focusing its hiring on associates straight from law school, with a strong emphasis on grades, then over years of apprenticeship rotations, immersing them in details of every aspect of corporate law practice.[67] Under this philosophy, lateral hires are rare, with some exceptions. In 2005, Cravath hired Andrew W. Needham, formerly a tax partner at Willkie Farr & Gallagher,[68] as the first lateral partner since Herbert L. Camp, also a tax partner, from the now-defunct Donovan Leisure Newton & Irvine in 1987. Camp, however, had previously been a Cravath associate and may therefore be considered to not be a true lateral hire because he started his career there. Before that, Roswell Magill, a former Treasury Department official, became a Cravath tax partner in 1943. In 2007, the firm brought in Richard Levin from Skadden, Arps to boost its new bankruptcy practice.[69] In 2011, Cravath hired Christine A. Varney, a former U.S. Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division for the Obama Administration.[70] This was criticized as a revolving door case, as Cravath later had Varney represent AT&T in its acquisition of Time Warner, which the Antitrust Division let pass.[71] In 2013, the firm hired David Kappos, who served as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.[72][73]

In addition, the system includes lockstep compensation on a published scale, which has tended to be consistent with the scale paid by most leading US law firms, and is known (for historical reasons) as the "Cravath Scale".[74]

In November 2023, amid a wave of antisemitic incidents at elite U.S. law schools, Cravath, Swaine & Moore was among a group of major law firms who sent a letter to top law school deans warning them that an escalation in incidents targeting Jewish students would have corporate hiring consequences. The letter said "We look to you to ensure your students who hope to join our firms after graduation are prepared to be an active part of workplace communities that have zero tolerance policies for any form of discrimination or harassment, much less the kind that has been taking place on some law school campuses."[75]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Miller, Joe "Cravath joins Midtown exodus with move to Manhattan’s Hudson Yards" The Financial Times, April 28, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP", Law.com. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
  3. ^ Stokes, Samantha "Female lawyers are gaining seats at the table. Here are 9 women in charge of elite law firms" Business Insider, March 12, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  4. ^ Charles Lanman (1876). Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States: During Its First Century. From Original and Official Sources. J. Anglim. pp. 38–.
  5. ^ Robert T. Swaine (April 2012). The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819-1947. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-1-58477-713-7.
  6. ^ Michael Burlingame (September 14, 2012). "The Patriot-Statesman". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  7. ^ "Treaty with Russia for the Purchase of Alaska", Primary Documents in American History, The Library of Congress, April 25, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  8. ^ "Seward’s Folly: Who’s Laughing Now?", by Karen Harris, History Daily, January 2, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  9. ^ "Why the Purchase of Alaska Was Far From “Folly", by Jesse Greenspan, History.com, September 3, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  10. ^ "Purchase of Alaska, 1867", Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States.
  11. ^ "MIT Institute Archives & Special Collections, Historical Patent Records from the Blatchford, Seward & Griswold Collection (1841-1910)". libraries.mit.edu. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  12. ^ Lawrence M. Friedman (1 June 2005). A History of American Law: Third Edition. Simon and Schuster. pp. 486–. ISBN 978-0-7432-8258-1.
  13. ^ Quentin R. Skrabec (2007). George Westinghouse: Gentle Genius. Algora Publishing. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-0-87586-507-2.
  14. ^ Gharnow, Ron (2001). The House of Morgan. New York, New York: Grove Press.
  15. ^ David Grayson Allen; Kathleen McDermott (1 January 1993). Accounting for Success: A History of Price Waterhouse in America, 1890-1990. Harvard Business Press. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-0-87584-328-5.
  16. ^ Robert T. Swaine (April 2012). The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819-1947. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 327–. ISBN 978-1-58477-713-7.
  17. ^ George Martin (1 January 1997). Causes and Conflicts: The Centennial History of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 1870-1970. Fordham Univ Press. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-0-8232-1735-9.
  18. ^ Austin Abbott; Benjamin Vaughan Abbott (1872). Abbott's Practice Cases. J.S. Voorhies. pp. 458–.
  19. ^ "Cayuga County Courthouse and the Case that Helped Establish the Insanity Defense in New York". www.nycourts.gov/publications/benchmarks. Spring 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  20. ^ Hall, Benjamin F. (1848). The trial of William Freeman for the murder of John G. Van Nest. Auburn: Derby, Miller & Co. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  21. ^ Junius P. Rodriguez (1 January 1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. ABC-CLIO. pp. 383–. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7.
  22. ^ Harvard Law Review. Harvard Law Review Pub. Association. 1911. pp. 36–.
  23. ^ Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. (Supreme Court of the United States April 17, 2013), Text.
  24. ^ Westfed Holdings Inc. v. United States (United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit May 12, 2005), Text.,
  25. ^ City of Providence v. First Citizens BancShares Inc. et al. (The Delaware Court of Chancery September 8, 2014), Text.
  26. ^ "Business: The Case of the Century", Time, May 21, 1979, retrieved April 10, 2015
  27. ^ Margolick, David M. (January 18, 1982). "For Cravath, Life After I.B.M." The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  28. ^ Kermit L. Hall; David S. Clark (2 May 2002). The Oxford Companion to American Law. Oxford University Press. pp. 408–. ISBN 978-0-19-508878-6.
  29. ^ D. Grier Stephenson (2003). The Waite Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy. ABC-CLIO. pp. 133–. ISBN 978-1-57607-829-7.
  30. ^ Rasmussen, Morten (December 2010). "Constructing and Deconstructing Constitutional European Law: Some reflections on how to study the history of European law" (PDF). Europe. The New Legal Realism. Europe. The New Legal Realism, DJØF Publishing: Århus, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  31. ^ "Legal Newswire – Cravath Represents HM Treasury In Recapitalization Plan For Three UK Banks". LawFuel.com. October 17, 2008. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  32. ^ Scott, Mark (June 29, 2012). "Brewer to Buy Remaining Stake in Grupo Modelo". DealBook. The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  33. ^ "Santander Consumer USA Holdings Inc. (SC) IPO". www.nasdaq.com. January 23, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  34. ^ Brennan, Tom (February 6, 2013). "Cravath Acts on Indian Lender HDFC's $1.6B Share Sale". The Asian Lawyer. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
  35. ^ "Mark's Market Analysis". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
  36. ^ Poor's Cumulative Service. Poor's Publishing House. 1921. pp. 131–.
  37. ^ Robert C. Perez; Edward F. Willett (6 June 1995). Clarence Dillon: A Wall Street Enigma. Madison Books. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-4617-1383-8.
  38. ^ The Nation. J.H. Richards. 1917. pp. 641–.
  39. ^ James Byrne; Paul Drennan Cravath; George Woodward Wickersham; Gilbert Holland Montague; William Dameron Guthrie (1917). Some Legal Phases of Corporate Financing, Reorganization and Regulation. Macmillan. pp. 153–.
  40. ^ David A. Skeel Jr. (24 April 2014). Debt's Dominion: A History of Bankruptcy Law in America. Princeton University Press. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-1-4008-2850-0.
  41. ^ "Cravath Handles Trio of Big-Ticket Deals", Lawdragon, November 6, 2014, archived from the original on 2014-11-19, retrieved April 20, 2015
  42. ^ Giammona, Craig; Boyle, Matthew (March 25, 2015), "Kraft Will Merge With Heinz in Deal Backed by 3G and Buffett", BloombergBusiness, archived from the original on 2015-03-25, retrieved April 20, 2015
  43. ^ Cravath Launches D.C. Office With Former SEC, FDIC Leaders, by Meghan Tribe, Bloomberg Law, 6 June 2022.
  44. ^ Ryan, John (5 March 2006). "New York Story: Evan Chelser". Law Dragon.
  45. ^ Picker, Leslie (2016-12-27). "3 Men Made Millions by Hacking Merger Lawyers, U.S. Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
  46. ^ Raymond, Nate (December 28, 2016). "U.S. accuses Chinese citizens of hacking law firms, insider trading". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Prosecutors did not identify the two law firms, or five others they said the defendants targeted. But one matched the description of New York-based Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, which represented Pitney Bowes in its 2015 acquisition of Borderfree Inc, one of the mergers in question. The indictment said that by using a law firm employee's credentials, the defendants installed malware on the firm's servers to access emails from lawyers, including a partner responsible for the Pitney deal. Cravath declined to comment. In March, Cravath confirmed discovering a "limited breach" of its systems in 2015.
  47. ^ "Two Centuries of the Law: Cravath, Swaine & Moore", New-York Historical Society Museum & Library, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  48. ^ The Works of William H. Seward, Volume 1, William Henry Seward, Redfield, USA, 1853, page 476. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  49. ^ "The Esquire Case: A Lost Free Speech Landmark" by Samantha Barbas, University at Buffalo School of Law December 1, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  50. ^ Esquire v. Walker by Jean Preer, Prologue Magazine, Spring 1990, Vol. 23, No. 1.
  51. ^ "A Proud History", "Philosophy", Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  52. ^ "Ep. 5 - Corporate law in NYC", Pre-Law, Baylor University, October 17, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  53. ^ The Pentagon Papers: Making History at the Washington Post by Katharine Graham, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 1971, page 16. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  54. ^ "Pro Bono Heroes: Cravath’s 38-year fight for justice in Alabama" by Jenna Greene, Reuters, July 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  55. ^ "Cravath donates $6 mln to Fisk University, civil rights groups" by Arriana McLymore, Reuters, June 15, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  56. ^ Nicas, Jack; Griffith, Erin (May 2, 2021). "Fortnite Creator Sues Apple and Google After Ban From App Stores". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  57. ^ "The first day of the Epic Games v. Apple trial was a tour of the Fortnite 'metaverse.'". The New York Times. May 4, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  58. ^ Leswing, Kif (September 8, 2020). "Apple can no longer force developers to use in-app purchasing, judge rules in Epic Games case". CNBC. Retrieved December 23, 2021.[permanent dead link‍]
  59. ^ "Vault Law 100". firsthand.co. Firsthand. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
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  61. ^ "Vault Top 100 Law Firms for 2017". Vault.
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  63. ^ "Above The Law 2017 Power 100 Law Firm Rankings". Above The Law.
  64. ^ "Above The Law 2017 Office 100 Law Firm Rankings". Above The Law.
  65. ^ "Chambers and Partners Nationwide Departments Rankings". Chambers and Partners. Archived from the original on 2017-03-04. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  66. ^ "Cravath, Swaine". Law.com. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  67. ^ William D. Henderson (July 2009). "The Bursting of the Pedigree Bubble" (PDF). NALP Bulletin. 21 (7). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-28.
  68. ^ Cravath Hires Tax Partner, Its First Lateral in Decades
  69. ^ Cravath starts a bankruptcy practice
  70. ^ Lattman, Peter; de la Merced, Michael (June 6, 2011). "Cravath to Hire Antitrust Chief". New York Times. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  71. ^ "75% of FTC Officials Have Revolving Door Conflicts With Tech Corporations and Other Industries". Public Citizen. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
  72. ^ Lattman, Peter (February 6, 2013). "Cravath Hires a 2nd Official From Obama Administration". New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  73. ^ Jones, Ashby (February 6, 2013). "Cravath Plucks Former PTO Chief David Kappos". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  74. ^ "Cravath announces associate bonuses; did the firm top Milbank?".
  75. ^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Mattu, Ravi; Warner, Bernhard; Kessler, Sarah; Merced, Michael J. de la; Hirsch, Lauren; Livni, Ephrat (2 November 2023). "Law Firms Warn Universities About Antisemitism on Campus". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 November 2023.

Further reading

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[edit]
  1. ^ White Shoe: How a New Breed of Wall Street Lawyers Changed Big Business and the American Century, by John Oller, Penguin Random House, 2019. ISBN 978-1524743253
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