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Coordinates: 38°25′3.3″N 141°18′9.8″E / 38.417583°N 141.302722°E / 38.417583; 141.302722
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Japanese city
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| Name = Ishinomaki City
| name = Ishinomaki
| JapaneseName = 石巻市
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|石巻市}}}}
| Region = [[Tōhoku Region|Tōhoku]]
| official_name =
| Prefecture = [[Miyagi Prefecture]]
| native_name_lang = ja
| MapImage = Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture Ja.svg
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
| ImageSkyline= Ishinomaki montage.JPG
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| ImageCaption= Clockwise from top of left: View of Mount Kinka from Ojika Peninsula, Makiyama Iris Park, Tashiro Island, Ojika Whale Park, Sasa-kamaboko, Ishinomaki Saint John the Aoostle Orthodox Church, Mount Hiyori
| image_skyline = Ishinomaki montage.JPG
| Area_km2 = 555.36
| imagesize =
| Population = 164,294
| image_alt =
| PopDate = January 1, 2010
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: View of Mount Kinka from Ojika Peninsula, Makiyama Iris Park, Tashirojima, Ojika Whale Park, Sasa-[[kamaboko]], Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church, Mount Hiyori
| Density_km2 = 295.83
| image_flag = Flag of Ishinomaki, Miyagi.svg
| LatitudeDegrees= 38
| flag_alt =
| LatitudeMinutes= 25
| image_seal = Emblem of Ishinomaki, Miyagi.svg
| LatitudeSeconds=
| seal_alt =
| LongtitudeDegrees= 141
| image_shield =
| LongtitudeMinutes= 18
| shield_alt =
| LongtitudeSeconds=
| image_blank_emblem =
| Mayor = Hiroshi Kameyama
| nickname =
| Tree = [[Japanese Black Pine]]
| motto =
| Flower = [[Azalea]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| SymbolImage=Flag of Ishinomaki, Miyagi.svg
| image_map = Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture Ja.svg
| CityHallPostalCode = 986-8501
| map_alt =
| CityHallAddress=14-1 Kokucho, <br>Ishinomaki-shi, Miyagi-ken
| map_caption = Location of Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture
| CityHallPhone=0225-95-1111
| pushpin_map = Japan
| CityHallLink = [http://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/ www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp]
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| CityMap=Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture Ja.svg
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = &nbsp;
| coordinates = {{coord|38|25|3.3|N|141|18|9.8|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
<!-- established -->
| established_title = First official recorded
| established_date = 367 AD
| established_title2 = City Settled
| established_date2 = April 1. 1933
| founder =
| named_for =
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat -->
| seat =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Masami Saito
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
<!-- display settings -->
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area -->
| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2 = 554.55
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m =
<!-- population -->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total = 138,538
| population_as_of = February 2, 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_demonym = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
| population_note =
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code =
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank_info_sec1 = 0225-95-1111
| blank1_name_sec1 = Address
| blank1_info_sec1 = 14-1 Kokucho, Ishinomaki-shi, Miyagi-ken 986-8501
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{Official|1=https://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/}}
| footnotes =
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Japanese Black Pine]]
| flower = [[Azalea]]
| bird =
| flowering_tree =
| butterfly =
| fish =
| other_symbols =
}}
}}
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Ishinomaki'''|石巻市|Ishinomaki-shi}} is a [[cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Miyagi Prefecture]], [[Japan]].
[[File:Ishinomaki CityOffice 2010.JPG|right|thumb|Ishinomaki City Hall]]


As of January 1, 2010, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 164,294 and a [[population density]] of 295.83 persons per km². The total area is 555.35&nbsp;km².
{{Nihongo|'''Ishinomaki'''|石巻市|Ishinomaki-shi}} is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Miyagi Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2022|02|02}}, the city has an estimated [[population]] of 138,538, and a [[population density]] of 250 persons per km<sup>2</sup> in 61,919 households.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/cont/10102000/0040/2204/2204.html|publisher=Ishinomaki city official|title = 人口・世帯数（最新版）|access-date=2022-02-21|date=2022-02-02|language=Japanese}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|554.55|sqkm|sqmi}}.


==Geography==
A [[rice]]-shipping port founded in the 4th century, Ishinomaki is known for its large fish market, a museum devoted to [[manga]], and a replica of the [[Statue of Liberty]] on a small island in the Old Kitakami River.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}}
Ishinomaki is in northeastern Miyagi Prefecture. The city borders on Ishinomaki Bay to the south and [[Minamisanriku]] city to the north, with the [[Kitakami Mountains]] to the west. Its coastline forms part of the [[Sanriku Fukkō National Park]], which stretches north to [[Aomori Prefecture]]. Ishinomaki includes [[Tashirojima]] (also known as "Cat Island"), [[Aji Island|Ajishima]], and [[Kinkasan]], three islands off the south coast of [[Oshika Peninsula]].


===Neighboring municipalities===
==History==
Miyagi Prefecture
The city was founded on April 1, 1933.
*[[Higashimatsushima, Miyagi|Higashimatsushima]]
*[[Minamisanriku, Miyagi|Minamisanriku]]
*[[Misato, Miyagi|Misato]]
*[[Onagawa, Miyagi|Onagawa]]
*[[Tome, Miyagi|Tome]]
*[[Wakuya, Miyagi|Wakuya]]


===Climate===
On April 1, 2005, Ishinomaki [[Merger and dissolution of municipalities of Japan|was merged]] with six towns, [[Kahoku, Miyagi|Kahoku]], [[Kanan, Miyagi|Kanan]], [[Kitakami, Miyagi|Kitakami]], [[Monou, Miyagi|Monou]] and [[Ogatsu, Miyagi|Ogatsu]], all from the former [[Monou District, Miyagi|Monou District]], and [[Oshika, Miyagi|Oshika]], from [[Oshika District, Miyagi|Oshika District]], to more than quadruple its area and add nearly 60,000 people to its population.
Ishinomaki has a [[humid subtropical climate|humid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Ishinomaki is {{cvt|11.9|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1091.3|mm}} with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{cvt|23.6|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|1.0|C}}.<ref name= "normals"/> Its record high is {{cvt|36.8|C}}, reached on 15 August 2007, and its record low is {{cvt|-14.6|C}}, reached on 6 January 1919.<ref name = "extremes"/>


{{Weather box
[[File:OgatsuBay09r.jpg|left|thumb|Ogatsu]]
|width=auto
The town of Ogatsu is regionally famous for its [[inkstone]]s and has an annual [[scallop]] festival in the summer. The city was a base for several ships in Japan's [[Whaling in Japan|whaling fleet]].
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Ishinomaki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1887−present)
|Jan record high C = 15.2
|Feb record high C = 19.2
|Mar record high C = 20.7
|Apr record high C = 28.4
|May record high C = 30.7
|Jun record high C = 32.0
|Jul record high C = 35.6
|Aug record high C = 36.8
|Sep record high C = 34.0
|Oct record high C = 28.5
|Nov record high C = 23.7
|Dec record high C = 21.9
|Jan record low C = -14.6
|Feb record low C = -13.1
|Mar record low C = -10.3
|Apr record low C = -5.0
|May record low C = -0.1
|Jun record low C = 5.7
|Jul record low C = 8.3
|Aug record low C = 11.5
|Sep record low C = 6.2
|Oct record low C = -0.7
|Nov record low C = -4.6
|Dec record low C = -10.5
|Jan high C = 4.8
|Feb high C = 5.6
|Mar high C = 8.9
|Apr high C = 14.1
|May high C = 18.7
|Jun high C = 21.9
|Jul high C = 25.2
|Aug high C = 27.0
|Sep high C = 24.2
|Oct high C = 19.1
|Nov high C = 13.2
|Dec high C = 7.3
|Jan mean C = 1.0
|Feb mean C = 1.6
|Mar mean C = 4.6
|Apr mean C = 9.6
|May mean C = 14.5
|Jun mean C = 18.3
|Jul mean C = 21.9
|Aug mean C = 23.6
|Sep mean C = 20.5
|Oct mean C = 15.0
|Nov mean C = 8.9
|Dec mean C = 3.4
|Jan low C = -2.2
|Feb low C = -2.0
|Mar low C = 0.5
|Apr low C = 5.4
|May low C = 11.0
|Jun low C = 15.5
|Jul low C = 19.5
|Aug low C = 21.1
|Sep low C = 17.4
|Oct low C = 10.9
|Nov low C = 4.6
|Dec low C = 0.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 38.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 31.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 72.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 86.1
|May precipitation mm = 96.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 110.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 145.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 115.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 151.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 137.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 61.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 42.8
|year precipitation mm = 1091.3
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 4.6
|Feb precipitation days = 4.9
|Mar precipitation days = 7.3
|Apr precipitation days = 8.3
|May precipitation days = 9.0
|Jun precipitation days = 9.4
|Jul precipitation days = 11.8
|Aug precipitation days = 9.2
|Sep precipitation days = 9.8
|Oct precipitation days = 8.0
|Nov precipitation days = 6.1
|Dec precipitation days = 5.5
|Jan snow cm = 17
|Feb snow cm = 16
|Mar snow cm = 9
|Apr snow cm = 1
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 1
|Dec snow cm = 8
|year snow cm = 51
|unit snow days = 1 cm
|Jan snow days = 5.0
|Feb snow days = 4.1
|Mar snow days = 2.1
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0.1
|Dec snow days = 2.8
|humidity colour= green
|Jan humidity = 71
|Feb humidity = 69
|Mar humidity = 67
|Apr humidity = 68
|May humidity = 74
|Jun humidity = 80
|Jul humidity = 84
|Aug humidity = 82
|Sep humidity = 80
|Oct humidity = 76
|Nov humidity = 73
|Dec humidity = 73
|Jan sun = 163.8
|Feb sun = 164.6
|Mar sun = 184.5
|Apr sun = 193.4
|May sun = 196.0
|Jun sun = 157.4
|Jul sun = 140.1
|Aug sun = 161.9
|Sep sun = 137.3
|Oct sun = 151.5
|Nov sun = 150.0
|Dec sun = 146.2
|year sun = 1946.7
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref name = "extremes">{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=34&block_no=47592&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref><ref name= "normals">{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=34&block_no=47592&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = [[:ja:桃生町|Monou]], Ishinomaki (2011−2020 normals, extremes 2011−present)
|Jan record high C = 11.9
|Feb record high C = 17.8
|Mar record high C = 23.4
|Apr record high C = 29.6
|May record high C = 32.1
|Jun record high C = 31.9
|Jul record high C = 35.3
|Aug record high C = 37.2
|Sep record high C = 34.1
|Oct record high C = 29.1
|Nov record high C = 22.0
|Dec record high C = 17.7
|Jan record low C = -15.8
|Feb record low C = -17.2
|Mar record low C = -6.6
|Apr record low C = -3.1
|May record low C = 3.9
|Jun record low C = 8.0
|Jul record low C = 13.3
|Aug record low C = 12.9
|Sep record low C = 6.8
|Oct record low C = 0.4
|Nov record low C = -5.3
|Dec record low C = -10.6
|Jan high C = 4.7
|Feb high C = 5.7
|Mar high C = 10.8
|Apr high C = 15.8
|May high C = 21.4
|Jun high C = 23.8
|Jul high C = 27.3
|Aug high C = 29.2
|Sep high C = 25.7
|Oct high C = 19.8
|Nov high C = 13.4
|Dec high C = 6.9
|Jan mean C = 0.3
|Feb mean C = 0.9
|Mar mean C = 4.9
|Apr mean C = 9.8
|May mean C = 15.8
|Jun mean C = 19.3
|Jul mean C = 22.9
|Aug mean C = 24.4
|Sep mean C = 20.7
|Oct mean C = 14.4
|Nov mean C = 8.0
|Dec mean C = 2.4
|Jan low C = -4.3
|Feb low C = -4.1
|Mar low C = -0.8
|Apr low C = 3.7
|May low C = 11.0
|Jun low C = 15.6
|Jul low C = 19.7
|Aug low C = 21.1
|Sep low C = 16.7
|Oct low C = 9.4
|Nov low C = 2.7
|Dec low C = -1.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 32.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 25.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 75.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 101.0
|May precipitation mm = 88.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 92.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 128.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 114.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 147.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 141.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 48.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 42.7
|year precipitation mm = 1042.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.1
|Feb precipitation days = 5.8
|Mar precipitation days = 6.4
|Apr precipitation days = 8.7
|May precipitation days = 9.0
|Jun precipitation days = 8.6
|Jul precipitation days = 10.4
|Aug precipitation days = 11.0
|Sep precipitation days = 10.3
|Oct precipitation days = 8.3
|Nov precipitation days = 6.3
|Dec precipitation days = 6.4
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=34&block_no=1630&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=34&block_no=1630&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 23, 2022}}</ref>}}


==Demographics==
The city also hosts a full-size replica of the [[Japanese warship San Juan Bautista]], a ship commissioned in 1613 by [[Date Masamune]], [[Daimyo]] of [[Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai]], to transport an embassy to the [[Pope]] in [[Rome]].
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-iwate.php Ichinomaki population statistics]</ref> the population of Ishinomaki has declined over the past 40 years.


{{Historical populations
[[Ishinomaki Station]] area roughly corresponds to '''Manga Road''', along with [[Ishinomori Manga Museum]] in town are celebrating [[Shotaro Ishinomori]]'s manga legacy.
| 1920 | 102,953
| 1930 | 122,589
| 1940 | 137,327
| 1950 | 177,015
| 1960 | 180,012
| 1970 | 177,597
| 1980 | 186,094
| 1990 | 182,911
| 2000 | 174,778
| 2010 | 160,826
| 2020 | 140,151
|align = none
| footnote =
}}


==History==
Ishinomaki includes [[Tashirojima]] (aka Manga Island), Ajishima, and [[Kinkasan]], three islands off the south coast of [[Oshika Peninsula]].
[[File:OgatsuBay09r.jpg|thumb|Ogatsu in 2009]]

The area of present-day Ishinomaki was part of ancient [[Mutsu Province]]. During the [[Sengoku period]], the area was contested by various [[samurai]] clans before the area came under the control of the [[Date clan]] of [[Sendai Domain]] during the [[Edo period]]. The town prospered as a major port and transshipment center for coastal shipping between [[Edo]] and northern Japan. The town of Ishinomaki was established within [[Oshika District, Miyagi|Oshika District]] on June 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system.

The city was founded on April 1, 1933. On April 1, 2005, Ishinomaki absorbed the neighboring towns of [[Kahoku, Miyagi|Kahoku]], [[Kanan, Miyagi|Kanan]], [[Kitakami, Miyagi|Kitakami]], [[Monou, Miyagi|Monou]] and [[Ogatsu, Miyagi|Ogatsu]], and the town of [[Oshika, Miyagi|Oshika]] to more than quadruple its area and add nearly 60,000 people to its population.

The town of Ogatsu is regionally famous for its [[inkstone]]s and has an annual [[scallop]] festival in the summer. Ayukawa, a town in Oshika, was formerly a base for several ships in Japan's [[Whaling in Japan|whaling fleet]].


===2011 earthquake, tsunami, and subsidence===
===2011 earthquake, tsunami, and subsidence===
[[File:Ishinomaki Port after Tsunami.jpg|thumb|left|Ishinomaki port on 20 March 2011 showing heavy damage to ships and port facilities caused by the 11 March 2011 tsunami]]
[[File:US Navy 110320-N-OB360-166 An aerial view of ships washed ashore and overturned at a port near the Japan Air Self-Defense Force Matsushima Air Base.jpg|thumb|Ishinomaki port on 20 March 2011 showing heavy damage to ships and port facilities caused by the 11 March 2011 tsunami]]
The city was among the most seriously affected by the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/13/world/asia/satellite-photos-japan-before-and-after-tsunami.html Satellite Photos of Japan Before and After the Quake and Tsunami] New York Times, 13 March 2011</ref><ref>[[Kyodo News]], "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110314a3.html Death toll may surpass 10,000 in Miyagi]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 14 March 2011, p. 1.</ref> Several tsunamis, up to about 10 meters high traveled inland up to 3 miles from the coast. The tsunamis destroyed around 80% of the 700 houses in the coastal whaling port of Ayukawa, and the Kadonowaki neighborhood was largely leveled.<ref>[[Kyodo News]], "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110318a7.html Miyagi coastal whaling port pulverized, little more than memory]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 18 March 2011, p. 3.</ref><ref>Gihooly, Rob, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20110320x1.html 'Nothing can prepare you to witness this'], ''[[Japan Times]]'', 20 March 2011, p. 7.</ref> Approximately 46% of the city was inundated by the tsunami.<ref>[[NHK]], "Tsunami flooded 100 square kilometers of city land", 29 March 2011.</ref>


Ishinomaki was among the municipalities most seriously affected by the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/13/world/asia/satellite-photos-japan-before-and-after-tsunami.html |title=Satellite Photos of Japan Before and After the Quake and Tsunami |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=13 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Kyodo News |author-link=Kyodo News |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110314a3.html |title=Death toll may surpass 10,000 in Miyagi |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=14 March 2011 |page=1}}</ref> Several tsunamis, up to about {{convert|10|m|ft}} high, traveled inland up to {{convert|5|km|mi}} from the coast. The tsunami destroyed around 80% of the 700 houses in the coastal port of Ayukawa, and the Kadonowaki neighborhood was largely leveled.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kyodo News |author-link=Kyodo News |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110318a7.html |title=Miyagi coastal whaling port pulverized, little more than memory |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date= 18 March 2011 |page=3}} </ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gilhooly |first=Rob |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20110320x1.html |title='Nothing can prepare you to witness this' |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=20 March 2011 |page=7}}</ref> Approximately 46% of the city was inundated by the tsunami.<ref>[[NHK]], "Tsunami flooded 100 square kilometers of city land", 29 March 2011.</ref> Following the tsunami, a ''[[Kamen Rider]]'' statue was found completely intact despite damage to the surrounding area; a writer for ''[[Tokyo Sports]]'' hoped that it would symbolically give hope to the survivors of the disaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/tokudashi.php?sid=12702|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321175454/http://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/tokudashi.php?sid=12702|date=18 March 2011 |archive-date=21 March 2011|title=仮面ライダー無事だった|work=[[Tokyo Sports]]|access-date=22 April 2014}}</ref>
One elementary school, Okawa Elementary, was completely destroyed, killing 70 of 108 students and nine of 13 teachers and staff. There is still anger among some of the parents of the dead students because the teachers had wasted precious time in debating whether to evacuate to higher ground. And when the decision was finally made, the teachers had decided to get to a higher ground further away from the school which necessitated crossing a nearby river bridge. It here while crossing the bridge that both the teachers and students were swept away by the tsunami. This decision is deemed unreasonable by many of the parents because there is a hill right behind the school to which they could have reached in less than a minute. Indeed, one of the teachers had tried to persuade the other teachers to bring the students to safety uphill soon after the earthquake ; when he was unsuccessful, he evacuated himself but before managing to persuade one of the students to go with him - both survived. One of the teachers who survived the tsunami attack at the bridge later committed suicide.<ref>Gilhooly, Rob, "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120311f3.html Time has stopped for parents of dead and missing children]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 11 March 2012, p. 3.</ref><ref>Gilhooly, Rob, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20111013f1.html Parents unable to let go continue search for missing kids]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 13 October 2011, p. 3.</ref><ref>[[Associated Press]], "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110419f1.html Loss-staggered school reopens]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 19 April 2011, p. 3.</ref><ref>[[Kyodo News]], "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110422a7.html Loss-hit Ishinomaki school opens]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 22 April 2011, p. 2.</ref><ref>[[Kyodo News]], "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110429a1.html School that lost 70% of its pupils mourns]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 29 April 2011, p. 1.</ref>


Many public schools were completely destroyed, including {{nihongo|Ishinomaki Okawa Elementary School|大川小学校}}, which lost 70 of 108 students and nine of 13 teachers and staff.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lah, Kyung |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/23/japan.missing.children/index.html |title=In Japan, parents try to go on: 'My child should come home to me' |work=[[CNN]] |date=23 March 2011 |access-date=23 March 2011}}</ref> There is still anger among some of the parents of the dead students because the teachers had wasted precious time in debating whether to evacuate to higher ground. And when the decision was finally made, the teachers had decided to get to higher ground further away from the school which necessitated crossing a nearby river bridge. It was here while crossing the bridge that both the teachers and students were swept away by the tsunami. This decision is deemed unreasonable by many of the parents because there is a hill right behind the school, which they could have reached quickly. One of the teachers had tried to persuade the other teachers to bring the students to safety uphill soon after the earthquake; when he was unsuccessful, he evacuated himself, managing to persuade one of the students to go with him - both survived. One of the teachers who survived the tsunami at the bridge later committed suicide.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilhooly |first=Rob |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120311f3.html |title=Time has stopped for parents of dead and missing children |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=11 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314055441/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120311f3.html |archive-date=14 March 2012}}</ref><!--https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2012/03/11/national/time-has-stopped-for-parents-of-dead-and-missing-children/ --><ref>{{cite news |url= http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20111013f1.html|title=Parents unable to let go continue search for missing kids |first= Rob|last= Gilhooly|date= 13 October 2011|newspaper= [[The Japan Times]]|publisher= The Japan Times Ltd.|location= Japan|page= 3|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111214231410/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20111013f1.html|archive-date= 14 December 2011|access-date= 13 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110419f1.html|title=Loss-staggered school reopens|date= 19 April 2011|newspaper= [[The Japan Times]]|publisher= The Japan Times Ltd.|location= Japan|page= 3|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514084752/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110419f1.html|archive-date= 14 May 2011|access-date= 13 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Kyodo News |author-link=Kyodo News |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110422a7.html |title=Loss-hit Ishinomaki school opens |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=22 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426052206/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110422a7.html |archive-date=26 April 2011}}</ref>
{{As of|2011|06|17}}, a total of 3,097 deaths had been confirmed in Ishinomaki due to the tsunami, with 2,770 unaccounted for.<ref>[[Kyodo News]], "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110617a7.html Ishinomaki can't tally March 11 missing]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 17 June 2011, p. 2.</ref> Approximately 29,000 city residents lost their homes.<ref>Robson, Seth, "[http://www.stripes.com/news/ishinomaki-residents-rebuild-their-lives-as-they-rebuild-their-town-1.153738 Ishinomaki residents rebuild their lives as they rebuild their town]", ''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]'', 30 August 2011.</ref>


Ishinomaki is the Japanese municipality with the highest confirmed death count. {{As of|2011|06|17}}, a total of 3,097 deaths had been confirmed in Ishinomaki due to the tsunami, with 2,770 unaccounted for.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kyodo News |author-link=Kyodo News |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110617a7.html |title=Ishinomaki can't tally March 11 missing |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |date=17 June 2011 |page= 2}}</ref> Approximately 29,000 city residents lost their homes.<ref>{{cite news|last=Robson |first=Seth |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/ishinomaki-residents-rebuild-their-lives-as-they-rebuild-their-town-1.153738 |title=Ishinomaki residents rebuild their lives as they rebuild their town |newspaper=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |date=30 August 2011}}</ref>
The earthquake shifted the city southeast and downward, lowering it by as much as 1.2 m in some areas and causing it to flood twice daily at [[high tide]]. A once sandy beach in the Kadonowaki area has completely disappeared and tides now reach the wall that once separated the beach from the road. Near the Mangakan Island, a walkway with benches is now partially submerged in the river.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/california/ci_18026656?nclick_check=1 | title=Quake shifted Japan; towns now flood at high tide | work=Contra Costa Times/Associated Press | date=May 9, 2011 | accessdate=May 9, 2011 | author=Alabaster, Jay}}</ref>


Ishinomaki employs several foreigners to teach English in all of its elementary and junior high schools, as well as the two municipal high schools. American teacher Taylor Anderson was killed by the tsunami. Since her death, her family has been active in supporting the Ishinomaki school district, and has set up programs to further English education.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetaylorandersonstory.com/ |title=Live Your Dream. The Taylor Anderson Story |website=www.thetaylorandersonstory.com |access-date=29 October 2023}} </ref>
===International friendship links===
* {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Civitavecchia]], [[Lazio]], [[Italy]]
* {{Flagicon|People's Republic of China}} [[Wenzhou]], [[Zhejiang]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [http://www.portofeverett.com/ Port of Everett]: [[Everett, Washington|Everett]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington (State)]], [[United States]]


The earthquake shifted the city southeast and downward, lowering it by as much as {{convert|1.2|m|ft}} in some areas and causing it to flood twice daily at [[high tide]]. A once sandy beach in the Kadonowaki area completely disappeared and tides now reach the wall that once separated the beach from the road. Near the Mangakan Island, a walkway with benches was partially submerged in the river.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.contracostatimes.com/california/ci_18026656?nclick_check=1 | title=Quake shifted Japan; towns now flood at high tide | work=Contra Costa Times/Associated Press | date=9 May 2011 | access-date=9 May 2011 | author=Alabaster, Jay | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530133541/http://www.contracostatimes.com/california/ci_18026656?nclick_check=1 | archive-date=30 May 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Japanese sister cities===
* [[Hitachinaka, Ibaraki]]
* [[Kahoku, Yamagata]]


==Education==
=== Rebuilding ===
Since 2011, Ishinomaki and other municipalities have been focusing on rebuilding and attracting residents back into the area. In 2019, eight years after the tragedy, [[Okawa Elementary School]] remains in ruins, as a memorial to those that were lost in the tsunami. Numerous parents who lost children due to staff errors sued the school and won in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New principals in Miyagi meet with relatives of kids lost to tsunami|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13900016|access-date=2020-12-17|website=The Asahi Shimbun|language=en}}</ref>
Ishinomaki Okawa Elementary School (大川小学校) was one of the schools worst affected by the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]] of March 11, 2011. When the earthquake occurred, the staff and students evacuated the school, but were hit by the subsequent tsunami. Of the 108 registered students, 77 are missing or presumed to be dead.<ref>Lah, Kyung. "[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/03/23/japan.missing.children/index.html In Japan, parents try to go on: 'My child should come home to me']." ''[[CNN]]''. March 23, 2011. Retrieved on March 23, 2011.</ref>


Ishinomaki and other neighboring cities started construction on levees and large walls along the coast to protect against future tsunamis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jpbound.com/2019/08/14/the-town-that-was-washed-away-8-years-after-the-great-tohoku-earthquake-a-photo-essay/|title=The Town That Was Washed Away: 8 Years After The Great Tohoku Earthquake (a photo essay)|last=Ambalina|first=Limarc|date=2019-08-13|website=Japan Bound|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref>
Ishinomaki employs several foreigners to teach English in all of its elementary and junior high schools, as well as the 2 municipal high schools. At the time of the Great Disaster, American teacher Taylor Anderson was killed by tsunami. Since her death, her family has been active in supporting the Ishinomaki school district, and has set up programs to further English education.

==Government==
Ishinomaki has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city legislature of 30 members. Ishinomaki, together with the town of Onagawa, contributes five seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is part of [[Miyagi 5th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

==Economy==
Ishinomaki traditionally has been a center for [[commercial fishing]], especially for the cultivation of [[oyster]]s.

==Education==
*[[Ishinomaki Senshu University]]
*Ishinomaki has 36 public elementary schools, 20 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government, and seven public high schools operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. The prefectural also operates one special education school for the handicapped. A private university, the Ishinomaki Senshu University, is also located in the city.


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
===Railway stations===
===Railway===
====JR East====
* [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]]: The central station is [[Ishinomaki Station]].
{{main|East Japan Railway Company}}
**'''[[Senseki Line]]''': [[Hebita Station|Hebita]] - [[Rikuzen-Yamashita Station|Rikuzen-Yamashita]] - [[Ishinomaki Station|Ishinomaki]]
* {{color|hotpink|■}}[[Ishinomaki Line]]
**'''[[Ishinomaki Line]]''': [[Maeyachi Station|Maeyachi]] - [[Kakeyama Station|Kakeyama]] - [[Kanomata Station|Kanomata]] - [[Sobanokami Station|Sobanokami]] - [[Ishinomaki Station|Ishinomaki]] - [[Rikuzen-Inai Station|Rikuzen-Inai]] - [[Watanoha Station|Watanoha]] - [[Mangoku-Ura Station|Mangoku-ura]] - [[Sawada Station|Sawada]]
** {{STN|Maeyachi}} - {{STN|Kakeyama}} - {{STN|Kanomata}} - {{STN|Sobanokami}} - {{STN|Ishinomaki}} - {{STN|Rikuzen-Inai}} - {{STN|Watanoha}} - {{STN|Mangoku-Ura}} - {{STN|Sawada}}
* {{color|deepskyblue|■}}[[Senseki Line]]({{color|deepskyblue|■}}{{color|#3cb371|■}}[[Senseki-Tohoku Line]])
** {{STN|Ishinomakiayumino}} - {{STN|Hebita}} - {{STN|Rikuzen-Yamashita}} - {{STN|Ishinomaki}}
* {{color|#3b459b|■}}[[Kesennuma Line]]
** {{STN|Maeyachi}} - {{STN|Wabuchi}}


===Intercity bus===
===Intercity bus===
Daily scheduled intercity buses bound for the following cities, through the [[Sanriku]] Expressway, are being served from [[Ishinomaki Station]].
Daily scheduled intercity buses bound for the following cities, through the [[Sanriku]] Expressway, are being served from [[Ishinomaki Station]].
* [[Sendai Station (Miyagi)|Sendai]] via Aeon Ishinomaki Shopping Center (Mall), by Miyakou Bus Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of Miyagi Transportation (Miyagi Kotsu) Co., Ltd.
* [[Sendai Station (Miyagi)|Sendai]] via Aeon Ishinomaki Shopping Center (Mall), by Miyakou Bus Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of Miyagi Transportation (Miyagi Kotsu) Co., Ltd.
* [[Shinjuku Highway Bus Terminal|Shinjuku, Tokyo]] via [[Shibuya Mark City|Shibuya]](overnight): via [[Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai]], operated by Miyagi Transportation (Miyagi Kotsu) Co., Ltd. and [[Keio Dentetsu Bus]] Corporation
* [[Shinjuku Highway Bus Terminal|Shinjuku, Tokyo]] via [[Shibuya Mark City|Shibuya]] (overnight): via [[Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai]], operated by Miyagi Transportation (Miyagi Kotsu) Co., Ltd. and [[Keio Dentetsu Bus]] Corporation
[[File:Sanjuanbautista.jpg|thumb|A replica of the Japanese-built [[galleon]] [[Japanese warship San Juan Bautista|''San Juan Bautista'']]]]
[[File:Sanjuanbautista.jpg|thumb|A replica of the Japanese-built [[galleon]] [[Japanese warship San Juan Bautista|''San Juan Bautista'']]]]


===Major roads===
===Highways===
* [[Sanriku Expressway]] (Ishinomaki-kanan, Kahoku, Monou-toyosato and Monou-tsuyama interchanges)
*{{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E45|dab1=S}} (Ishinomaki-kanan, Kahoku, Monou-toyosato and Monou-tsuyama interchanges)
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|45}}
* National Road [[Route 45 (Japan)|Route 45]], [[Route 108 (Japan)|Route 108]], [[Route 398 (Japan)|Route 398]]
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|108}}
*{{jct|country=JPN|Route|398}}


==See also==
===Seaport===
*[[Port of Ishinomaki]]
{{Portal|Japan}}
*[[Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church]]
*[[Ishii lock]]


==External links==
==Local attractions==
* [[Ishii lock]]
{{commons category-inline}}
* [[Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church]]
* [http://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/index.jsp Official website] {{ja icon}}
* [[Ishinomori Manga Museum]] along with Manga Road celebrating [[Shotaro Ishinomori]]'s manga legacy.{{Clarify|date=March 2013}}
* [http://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/EN/contents.jsp Official website in English]
* The reed fields at the mouth of the [[Kitakami River]] at Ishinomaki is listed as one of the [[100 Soundscapes of Japan]] by the [[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]]<ref name="Hundred">{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/air/life/nihon_no_oto/index.html |title=100 Soundscapes of Japan |publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]] |access-date=8 December 2015}}</ref>
*[[Numazu Shell Mound|Numazu Shell Midden]], a [[Jōmon period]] National Historic Site<ref name= "Bunka1">{{cite web|url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/215799|title=沼津貝塚 |work=Cultural Heritage Online|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=ja|access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref>
* [[Saitō Garden (Ishinomaki)|Saitō Garden]]
* {{ship|Japanese warship|San Juan Bautista||2}}, replica of a ship commissioned in 1613 by [[Date Masamune]] to transport an embassy to the [[Pope]] in [[Rome]].

==Sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan}}
Ishinomaki is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=姉妹都市・友好都市|url=https://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/cont/10053500/2388/2388.html|website=city.ishinomaki.lg.jp|publisher=Ishinomaki|language=ja|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hitachinaka, Ibaraki|Hitachinaka]], Japan

===Friendship cities===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Civitavecchia]], Italy
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hagi, Yamaguchi|Hagi]], Japan
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kahoku, Yamagata|Kahoku]], Japan
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wenzhou]], China
{{div col end}}

==Noted people from Ishinomaki ==
*[[Kasugafuji Akihiro]], sumo wrestler
*[[Jun Azumi]], politician
*[[Tatsuji Fuse]], lawyer, social activist
*[[Sukekiyo Kameyama]], voice actor
*[[Isamu Kosugi]], actor, movie director
*[[Mai Mukaida]], make-up artist and businesswoman<ref>{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ja:東北の復興に向けての起業を応援する「みちのく起業」 |trans-title="Michinoku Entrepreneurship" to support entrepreneurs for the recovery of Tohoku |url=http://michinokushigoto.jp/kigyo/members/m_mukaida.html |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Michinoku Shigoto}}</ref>
*[[Naoya Shiga]], author
*[[Keiko Suzuka]], actress
*[[Mayo Suzukaze]], actress


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{miyagi}}
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}}


{{Miyagi}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ishinomaki| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Miyagi Prefecture]]
[[Category:Cities in Miyagi Prefecture]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Japan]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Japan]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1933]]

[[ar:إيشينوماكي، مياغي]]
[[roa-rup:Ishinomaki]]
[[de:Ishinomaki]]
[[eo:Iŝinomaki]]
[[fa:ایشینوماکی، میاگی]]
[[fr:Ishinomaki]]
[[gl:Ishinomaki]]
[[ko:이시노마키 시]]
[[it:Ishinomaki]]
[[ms:Ishinomaki, Miyagi]]
[[nl:Ishinomaki]]
[[ja:石巻市]]
[[pl:Ishinomaki]]
[[pt:Ishinomaki]]
[[ro:Ishinomaki, Miyagi]]
[[ru:Исиномаки]]
[[simple:Ishinomaki, Miyagi]]
[[fi:Ishinomaki]]
[[sv:Ishinomaki]]
[[tl:Isyinomaki, Miyagi]]
[[th:อิชิโนะมะกิ]]
[[tg:Ишиномаки]]
[[uk:Ісіномакі]]
[[vi:Ishinomaki, Miyagi]]
[[war:Ishinomaki, Miyagi]]
[[zh:石卷市]]

Latest revision as of 16:00, 7 October 2024

Ishinomaki
石巻市
City
Clockwise from top: View of Mount Kinka from Ojika Peninsula, Makiyama Iris Park, Tashirojima, Ojika Whale Park, Sasa-kamaboko, Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church, Mount Hiyori
Clockwise from top: View of Mount Kinka from Ojika Peninsula, Makiyama Iris Park, Tashirojima, Ojika Whale Park, Sasa-kamaboko, Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church, Mount Hiyori
Flag of Ishinomaki
Flag
Official seal of Ishinomaki
Seal
Location of Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture
Location of Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture
Ishinomaki is located in Japan
Ishinomaki
Ishinomaki
 
Coordinates: 38°25′3.3″N 141°18′9.8″E / 38.417583°N 141.302722°E / 38.417583; 141.302722
CountryJapan
RegionTōhoku
PrefectureMiyagi
First official recorded367 AD
City SettledApril 1. 1933
Government
 • MayorMasami Saito
Area
 • Total
554.55 km2 (214.11 sq mi)
Population
 (February 2, 2022)
 • Total
138,538
 • Density250/km2 (650/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number0225-95-1111
Address14-1 Kokucho, Ishinomaki-shi, Miyagi-ken 986-8501
ClimateCfa
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
FlowerAzalea
TreeJapanese Black Pine
Ishinomaki City Hall

Ishinomaki (石巻市, Ishinomaki-shi) is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 2 February 2022, the city has an estimated population of 138,538, and a population density of 250 persons per km2 in 61,919 households.[1] The total area of the city is 554.55 square kilometres (214.11 sq mi).

Geography

[edit]

Ishinomaki is in northeastern Miyagi Prefecture. The city borders on Ishinomaki Bay to the south and Minamisanriku city to the north, with the Kitakami Mountains to the west. Its coastline forms part of the Sanriku Fukkō National Park, which stretches north to Aomori Prefecture. Ishinomaki includes Tashirojima (also known as "Cat Island"), Ajishima, and Kinkasan, three islands off the south coast of Oshika Peninsula.

Neighboring municipalities

[edit]

Miyagi Prefecture

Climate

[edit]

Ishinomaki has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Ishinomaki is 11.9 °C (53.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,091.3 mm (42.96 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.6 °C (74.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 1.0 °C (33.8 °F).[2] Its record high is 36.8 °C (98.2 °F), reached on 15 August 2007, and its record low is −14.6 °C (5.7 °F), reached on 6 January 1919.[3]

Climate data for Ishinomaki (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1887−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.2
(59.4) 		19.2
(66.6) 		20.7
(69.3) 		28.4
(83.1) 		30.7
(87.3) 		32.0
(89.6) 		35.6
(96.1) 		36.8
(98.2) 		34.0
(93.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		36.8
(98.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6) 		5.6
(42.1) 		8.9
(48.0) 		14.1
(57.4) 		18.7
(65.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		25.2
(77.4) 		27.0
(80.6) 		24.2
(75.6) 		19.1
(66.4) 		13.2
(55.8) 		7.3
(45.1) 		15.8
(60.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		1.6
(34.9) 		4.6
(40.3) 		9.6
(49.3) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.3
(64.9) 		21.9
(71.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		20.5
(68.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		3.4
(38.1) 		11.9
(53.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		0.5
(32.9) 		5.4
(41.7) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.5
(59.9) 		19.5
(67.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		10.9
(51.6) 		4.6
(40.3) 		0.0
(32.0) 		8.5
(47.3)
Record low °C (°F) −14.6
(5.7) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		8.3
(46.9) 		11.5
(52.7) 		6.2
(43.2) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−14.6
(5.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.8
(1.53) 		31.0
(1.22) 		72.4
(2.85) 		86.1
(3.39) 		96.8
(3.81) 		110.6
(4.35) 		145.7
(5.74) 		115.8
(4.56) 		151.6
(5.97) 		137.9
(5.43) 		61.9
(2.44) 		42.8
(1.69) 		1,091.3
(42.96)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 17
(6.7) 		16
(6.3) 		9
(3.5) 		1
(0.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		8
(3.1) 		51
(20)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 4.6 4.9 7.3 8.3 9.0 9.4 11.8 9.2 9.8 8.0 6.1 5.5 93.9
Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) 5.0 4.1 2.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 2.8 14.3
Average relative humidity (%) 71 69 67 68 74 80 84 82 80 76 73 73 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 163.8 164.6 184.5 193.4 196.0 157.4 140.1 161.9 137.3 151.5 150.0 146.2 1,946.7
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3][2]
Climate data for Monou, Ishinomaki (2011−2020 normals, extremes 2011−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.9
(53.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		23.4
(74.1) 		29.6
(85.3) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.9
(89.4) 		35.3
(95.5) 		37.2
(99.0) 		34.1
(93.4) 		29.1
(84.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		37.2
(99.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5) 		5.7
(42.3) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.8
(60.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		23.8
(74.8) 		27.3
(81.1) 		29.2
(84.6) 		25.7
(78.3) 		19.8
(67.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		6.9
(44.4) 		17.0
(62.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.3
(32.5) 		0.9
(33.6) 		4.9
(40.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		15.8
(60.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		22.9
(73.2) 		24.4
(75.9) 		20.7
(69.3) 		14.4
(57.9) 		8.0
(46.4) 		2.4
(36.3) 		12.0
(53.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.6
(60.1) 		19.7
(67.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		9.4
(48.9) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		7.4
(45.4)
Record low °C (°F) −15.8
(3.6) 		−17.2
(1.0) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		3.9
(39.0) 		8.0
(46.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		12.9
(55.2) 		6.8
(44.2) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−17.2
(1.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 32.1
(1.26) 		25.7
(1.01) 		75.1
(2.96) 		101.0
(3.98) 		88.1
(3.47) 		92.9
(3.66) 		128.7
(5.07) 		114.9
(4.52) 		147.8
(5.82) 		141.3
(5.56) 		48.2
(1.90) 		42.7
(1.68) 		1,042.9
(41.06)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.1 5.8 6.4 8.7 9.0 8.6 10.4 11.0 10.3 8.3 6.3 6.4 96.3
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[4][5]

Demographics

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Per Japanese census data,[6] the population of Ishinomaki has declined over the past 40 years.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 102,953—    
1930 122,589+19.1%
1940 137,327+12.0%
1950 177,015+28.9%
1960 180,012+1.7%
1970 177,597−1.3%
1980 186,094+4.8%
1990 182,911−1.7%
2000 174,778−4.4%
2010 160,826−8.0%
2020 140,151−12.9%

History

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Ogatsu in 2009

The area of present-day Ishinomaki was part of ancient Mutsu Province. During the Sengoku period, the area was contested by various samurai clans before the area came under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain during the Edo period. The town prospered as a major port and transshipment center for coastal shipping between Edo and northern Japan. The town of Ishinomaki was established within Oshika District on June 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system.

The city was founded on April 1, 1933. On April 1, 2005, Ishinomaki absorbed the neighboring towns of Kahoku, Kanan, Kitakami, Monou and Ogatsu, and the town of Oshika to more than quadruple its area and add nearly 60,000 people to its population.

The town of Ogatsu is regionally famous for its inkstones and has an annual scallop festival in the summer. Ayukawa, a town in Oshika, was formerly a base for several ships in Japan's whaling fleet.

2011 earthquake, tsunami, and subsidence

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Ishinomaki port on 20 March 2011 showing heavy damage to ships and port facilities caused by the 11 March 2011 tsunami

Ishinomaki was among the municipalities most seriously affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.[7][8] Several tsunamis, up to about 10 metres (33 ft) high, traveled inland up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the coast. The tsunami destroyed around 80% of the 700 houses in the coastal port of Ayukawa, and the Kadonowaki neighborhood was largely leveled.[9][10] Approximately 46% of the city was inundated by the tsunami.[11] Following the tsunami, a Kamen Rider statue was found completely intact despite damage to the surrounding area; a writer for Tokyo Sports hoped that it would symbolically give hope to the survivors of the disaster.[12]

Many public schools were completely destroyed, including Ishinomaki Okawa Elementary School (大川小学校), which lost 70 of 108 students and nine of 13 teachers and staff.[13] There is still anger among some of the parents of the dead students because the teachers had wasted precious time in debating whether to evacuate to higher ground. And when the decision was finally made, the teachers had decided to get to higher ground further away from the school which necessitated crossing a nearby river bridge. It was here while crossing the bridge that both the teachers and students were swept away by the tsunami. This decision is deemed unreasonable by many of the parents because there is a hill right behind the school, which they could have reached quickly. One of the teachers had tried to persuade the other teachers to bring the students to safety uphill soon after the earthquake; when he was unsuccessful, he evacuated himself, managing to persuade one of the students to go with him - both survived. One of the teachers who survived the tsunami at the bridge later committed suicide.[14][15][16][17]

Ishinomaki is the Japanese municipality with the highest confirmed death count. As of 17 June 2011, a total of 3,097 deaths had been confirmed in Ishinomaki due to the tsunami, with 2,770 unaccounted for.[18] Approximately 29,000 city residents lost their homes.[19]

Ishinomaki employs several foreigners to teach English in all of its elementary and junior high schools, as well as the two municipal high schools. American teacher Taylor Anderson was killed by the tsunami. Since her death, her family has been active in supporting the Ishinomaki school district, and has set up programs to further English education.[20]

The earthquake shifted the city southeast and downward, lowering it by as much as 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) in some areas and causing it to flood twice daily at high tide. A once sandy beach in the Kadonowaki area completely disappeared and tides now reach the wall that once separated the beach from the road. Near the Mangakan Island, a walkway with benches was partially submerged in the river.[21]

Rebuilding

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Since 2011, Ishinomaki and other municipalities have been focusing on rebuilding and attracting residents back into the area. In 2019, eight years after the tragedy, Okawa Elementary School remains in ruins, as a memorial to those that were lost in the tsunami. Numerous parents who lost children due to staff errors sued the school and won in 2019.[22]

Ishinomaki and other neighboring cities started construction on levees and large walls along the coast to protect against future tsunamis.[23]

Government

[edit]

Ishinomaki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 30 members. Ishinomaki, together with the town of Onagawa, contributes five seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Miyagi 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

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Ishinomaki traditionally has been a center for commercial fishing, especially for the cultivation of oysters.

Education

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  • Ishinomaki Senshu University
  • Ishinomaki has 36 public elementary schools, 20 public junior high schools and one public high school operated by the city government, and seven public high schools operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. The prefectural also operates one special education school for the handicapped. A private university, the Ishinomaki Senshu University, is also located in the city.

Transportation

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Railway

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JR East

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Main article: East Japan Railway Company

Intercity bus

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Daily scheduled intercity buses bound for the following cities, through the Sanriku Expressway, are being served from Ishinomaki Station.

  • Sendai via Aeon Ishinomaki Shopping Center (Mall), by Miyakou Bus Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of Miyagi Transportation (Miyagi Kotsu) Co., Ltd.
  • Shinjuku, Tokyo via Shibuya (overnight): via Sendai, operated by Miyagi Transportation (Miyagi Kotsu) Co., Ltd. and Keio Dentetsu Bus Corporation
A replica of the Japanese-built galleon San Juan Bautista

Highways

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Seaport

[edit]

Local attractions

[edit]

Sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan

Ishinomaki is twinned with:[26]

Friendship cities

[edit]

Noted people from Ishinomaki

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "人口・世帯数（最新版）" (in Japanese). Ishinomaki city official. 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
  2. ^ a b 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  3. ^ a b 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  4. ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  5. ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  6. ^ Ichinomaki population statistics
  7. ^ "Satellite Photos of Japan Before and After the Quake and Tsunami". New York Times. 13 March 2011.
  8. ^ Kyodo News (14 March 2011). "Death toll may surpass 10,000 in Miyagi". The Japan Times. p. 1.
  9. ^ Kyodo News (18 March 2011). "Miyagi coastal whaling port pulverized, little more than memory". The Japan Times. p. 3.
  10. ^ Gilhooly, Rob (20 March 2011). "'Nothing can prepare you to witness this'". The Japan Times. p. 7.
  11. ^ NHK, "Tsunami flooded 100 square kilometers of city land", 29 March 2011.
  12. ^ "仮面ライダー無事だった". Tokyo Sports. 18 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  13. ^ Lah, Kyung (23 March 2011). "In Japan, parents try to go on: 'My child should come home to me'". CNN. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  14. ^ Gilhooly, Rob (11 March 2012). "Time has stopped for parents of dead and missing children". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.
  15. ^ Gilhooly, Rob (13 October 2011). "Parents unable to let go continue search for missing kids". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. p. 3. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  16. ^ "Loss-staggered school reopens". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. 19 April 2011. p. 3. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  17. ^ Kyodo News (22 April 2011). "Loss-hit Ishinomaki school opens". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011.
  18. ^ Kyodo News (17 June 2011). "Ishinomaki can't tally March 11 missing". The Japan Times. p. 2.
  19. ^ Robson, Seth (30 August 2011). "Ishinomaki residents rebuild their lives as they rebuild their town". Stars and Stripes.
  20. ^ "Live Your Dream. The Taylor Anderson Story". www.thetaylorandersonstory.com. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  21. ^ Alabaster, Jay (9 May 2011). "Quake shifted Japan; towns now flood at high tide". Contra Costa Times/Associated Press. Archived from the original on 30 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  22. ^ "New principals in Miyagi meet with relatives of kids lost to tsunami". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  23. ^ Ambalina, Limarc (2019-08-13). "The Town That Was Washed Away: 8 Years After The Great Tohoku Earthquake (a photo essay)". Japan Bound. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  24. ^ "100 Soundscapes of Japan". Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  25. ^ "沼津貝塚". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  26. ^ "姉妹都市・友好都市". city.ishinomaki.lg.jp (in Japanese). Ishinomaki. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  27. ^ 東北の復興に向けての起業を応援する「みちのく起業」 ["Michinoku Entrepreneurship" to support entrepreneurs for the recovery of Tohoku]. Michinoku Shigoto. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
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