Hôtel Saint-Pol: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Former royal residence in Paris, France}} |
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[[File:Français 2691, folio 001r.jpg|thumb|upright=1.34|Funeral cortège of [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] (or [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]]) leaving the Hôtel Saint-Pol, [[Miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniature]] in the ''Chronique'' (15th century) of {{Ill|Jean Chartier (historian)|fr|Jean Chartier|lt=Jean Chartier}} ([[Bibliothèque Nationale de France]])<ref>According to Lorentz and Sandron 2006, pp. 91, 99, this miniature depicts the Hôtel Saint-Pol and the funeral of Charles VI, c. 1422, but according to the [[BnF]], [https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc49172w Département des Manuscrits, Accueil], it depicts the funeral of [[Charles VII of France]].</ref>]] |
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{{Expand French|date=August 2011|Hôtel Saint-Pol}} |
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The '''Hôtel Saint-Pol''' was a royal residence begun in 1360 by [[Charles V of France]] on the ruins of a building constructed by [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]]. It was used by Charles V and [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]]. Located on the [[Rive Droite|Right Bank]], to the northwest of the Quartier de l'Arsenal in the [[4th arrondissement of Paris]], the residence's grounds stretched from the Quai des Célestins to the Rue Saint-Antoine, and from the Rue Saint-Paul to the Rue du Petit-Musc. It fell into disuse and ruin after the death of [[Isabeau de Bavière]] in 1435 and was demolished after [[Francis I of France]] sold it in parts at auction in 1543.<ref name=Lorentz90>Lorentz and Sandron 2006, pp. 90–91.</ref> The area around the Hôtel Saint-Pol is now [[the Marais]] neighborhood of Paris. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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| ⚫ | In 1360 Charles V began constructing Hôtel Saint-Pol from the Hôtel du Petit-Musc, purchased in 1318 by [[Louis I, Duke of Bourbon|Louis of Bourbon]], a grandson of Louis IX. From then until 1364, Charles continued to improve and develop it by acquiring additional property, including the newer Hôtel d'Étampes in 1361, and ordering the construction of new buildings.<ref name=Lorentz90/><ref name=Emery>Emery 2015, pp. 206–207.</ref> The King, who could not stand the pestilential odours of Paris and the problems they caused his health, appreciated its location outside the medieval city. He valued the residence for its calm and its cleaner environment, which he claimed had helped him avoid illnesses, and more importantly recover good health. |
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L’hôtel Saint-Pol fut la résidence de [[Charles V de France]] et [[Charles VI de France]]. Construit sur les ruines d'une bâtisse érigée par [[Louis IX de France]], Charles V entreprit des travaux dès [[1361]]. De cette date à [[1364]], le roi de France, qui appréciait les belles choses, aménagea en permanence cet hôtel, en acquérant de nouveaux terrains. Il ordonna la construction de nouvelles habitations. Un aménagement continuel du parc et des demeures composèrent cet hôtel. Construit en dehors du [[Paris]] du [[Moyen Âge]], [[quai des Célestins]] (aujourd'hui IV{{e}} arrondissement), Charles V avait baptisé cette résidence ''Hôtel solennel des grands ébattements''. Le souverain français, ne supportant pas les odeurs pestilentielles que dégageait la capitale et les désagréments qu'elles provoquaient sur sa santé, appréciait beaucoup l'hôtel Saint-Pol pour son calme, son climat sain qui lui éviteront selon ses dires quelques maladies désagréables, mais surtout lui feront retrouver une bonne santé. |
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Selon le chroniqueur [[Jean Froissart]], c'est dans cet hôtel Saint-Pol que se déroula le [[28 janvier]] [[1393]] la tragédie du [[Bal des ardents]]. Pour [[Jean II Jouvenel des Ursins]], autre choniqueur de cette époque, le drame s'est déroulé à l'hôtel de la Reine Blanche, résidence de [[Blanche de Bourgogne]] ; cet endroit serait actuellement situé au niveau du 17, de la [[rue des Gobelins]]. |
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| ⚫ | Charles V began |
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The Hôtel Saint-Pol was not a single building, but consisted of three important dwellings making up the royal residence: one dwelling for the King, one for the Queen (the former Hôtel d'Étampes), one for their children (the former Hôtel des Abbés de Saint-Maur).<ref name=Emery/> All had rooms for banquets and entertainments given by the King, and rooms for guests. Charles V had the residence luxuriously decorated according to his personal tastes, with precious woods, paintings, and goldwork. Walls were decorated with hangings embroidered with pearls, and books were displayed on the furniture, along with golden ornaments. Two chapels were built in the residence, one for the King, the other for his consort, [[Joanna of Bourbon]]. The ''hôtel'' included a remarkable collection of precious books that the King enjoyed assembling, including those of his father, [[John II of France|John II]], who had also been a great lover of books. This collection allowed Charles V to create the Royal Library, which would later become the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]], France's national library in Paris. Within his own residence, Charles V included a room for the [[Conseil du Roi]] where affairs of state were conducted. |
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== Etiquette == |
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The Hôtel Saint-Pol and other palaces were the sites where the first versions of a royal etiquette at the French [[Court (royal)|court]] were developed. Charles V, for instance, had his servants dressed in [[Livery|liveries]] appropriate to the stature of a king of France. |
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== Description == |
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L’hôtel Saint-Pol n'était nullement une seule bâtisse, mais plusieurs habitations composaient ce domaine royal. Chacune d'entre elles était dotée de salles dont certaines étaient destinées aux banquets et autres festivités données par le roi, de chambres réservées aux invités du souverain français, certaines pièces étaient réservées au roi et à sa famille, elles étaient luxueusement ornées de bois précieux, de peintures, d'orfèvrerie. Charles V fit décorer les murs de tentures brodées de perles, sur les meubles étaient disposés des livres, des joyaux d'orfèvrerie. Chaque pièce de cet hôtel fut agrémentée selon les goûts personnels du monarque. Deux chapelles ont été construites à l'intérieur de cette résidence, l'une réservée au roi, l'autre réservée à la reine [[Jeanne de Bourbon]]. La décoration de l'hôtel Saint-Pol fut l'œuvre de Charles V. Le souverain français passionné de joaillerie ornera les murs de tentures brodées de perles et d'or, une autre de ses passions, l'orfévrerie lui permettra de décorer les nombreux meubles ciselés de statues d'or et d'argent et autres trésors d'orfèvrerie. Cet hôtel renfermait une remarquable collection de livres précieux que le roi aimait à rassembler, dont ceux de son père [[Jean II de France]] qui fut également grand amateur de livres. Cette collection de livres permettra à Charles V de créer la Bibliothèque royale qui deviendra quelques siècles plus tard la [[Bibliothèque nationale]] de Paris. Les étuves, les bains sont également dorés. Mais Charles V fut un roi travailleur, il n'omit pas d'aménager dans ce luxueux hôtel, une salle pour le [[Conseil du roi]]. |
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After [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]] fled to [[Bourges]] in 1418, the Hôtel Saint-Pol was abandoned by Charles and his successors. [[Louis XI]] preferred the [[Château de Plessis-lez-Tours]], and when visiting Paris stayed at the [[Château de Vincennes]]. [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]], [[Louis XII]], and [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] lived in the [[Loire Valley]] or at the [[Château de Fontainebleau]], and the Hôtel Saint-Pol fell into ruin. In 1519, part of it was sold by order of Francis I, and several years later, it was completely demolished. A wall of the church of Saint-Paul, which formed part of the ''hôtel'', survives to this day. |
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Tout autour de l'hôtel Saint-Pol s'étendait un parc immense agrémenté de tonnelles, huit jardins furent dessinés, ceux-ci étaient séparés par des galeries qui reliaient entre elles chacune des habitations. Dans ces jardins furent placés une ménagerie, un aquarium, des volières, où rossignols et tourterelles voletant et pépiant donnaient à cet endroit un air bucolique et apaisant. |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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L’hôtel Saint-Pol et autres palais virent la première ébauche d'une étiquette royale à la cour de France. Charles V fit vêtir ses domestiques de livrées appropriées au statut d'un roi de France. |
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Après le départ en [[1418]] pour [[Bourges]] de [[Charles VII de France]], l'hôtel Saint-Pol fut déserté par les rois qui se sont succédé par la suite sur le trône de France. [[Louis XI de France]] préférait le [[Château de Plessis-lez-Tours]], de passage à Paris il s'installait à [[Vincennes]]. [[Charles VIII de France|Charles VIII]], [[Louis XII de France|Louis XII]], {{François Ier de France}} résidaient dans le [[Val de Loire]] ou à [[Fontainebleau]], et l’hôtel Saint-Pol tomba en ruines. En [[1519]], une partie fut vendue sur l'ordre de François I{{er}}. Quelques années plus tard, cet hôtel fut entièrement détruit. |
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Il reste cependant un mur de l'église Saint-Paul qui faisait partie du domaine. |
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== Bibliography == |
== Bibliography == |
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* Bordonove, Georges (1988). ''Les Rois qui ont fait la France - Les Valois - Charles V le Sage'', vol. 1, éditions Pygmalion. {{ISBN|9782857041856}}. |
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* Emery, Anthony (2016). ''Seats of Power in Europe during the Hundred Years War: An Architectural Study from 1330 to 1480''. Oxford: Oxbow Books. {{ISBN|9781785701030}}. |
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* Lorentz, Philippe; Dany Sandron (2006). ''Atlas de Paris au Moyen Âge''. Paris: Parigramme. {{ISBN|9782840964025}}. |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hotel Saint-Pol}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hotel Saint-Pol}} |
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[[Category:Hôtels particuliers in Paris|Saint-Pol]] |
[[Category:Hôtels particuliers in Paris|Saint-Pol]] |
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[[Category:Former buildings and structures |
[[Category:Former buildings and structures in Paris]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Royal residences in France|Saint-Pol]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in the 4th arrondissement of Paris|Hotel Saint-Paul]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in the 16th century]] |
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{{France-struct-stub}} |
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[[cs:Hôtel Saint-Pol]] |
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[[de:Hôtel Saint-Paul]] |
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[[fr:Hôtel Saint-Pol]] |
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[[it:Palazzo Saint-Pol]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:52, 20 November 2024
The Hôtel Saint-Pol was a royal residence begun in 1360 by Charles V of France on the ruins of a building constructed by Louis IX. It was used by Charles V and Charles VI. Located on the Right Bank, to the northwest of the Quartier de l'Arsenal in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, the residence's grounds stretched from the Quai des Célestins to the Rue Saint-Antoine, and from the Rue Saint-Paul to the Rue du Petit-Musc. It fell into disuse and ruin after the death of Isabeau de Bavière in 1435 and was demolished after Francis I of France sold it in parts at auction in 1543.[2] The area around the Hôtel Saint-Pol is now the Marais neighborhood of Paris.
History
[edit]In 1360 Charles V began constructing Hôtel Saint-Pol from the Hôtel du Petit-Musc, purchased in 1318 by Louis of Bourbon, a grandson of Louis IX. From then until 1364, Charles continued to improve and develop it by acquiring additional property, including the newer Hôtel d'Étampes in 1361, and ordering the construction of new buildings.[2][3] The King, who could not stand the pestilential odours of Paris and the problems they caused his health, appreciated its location outside the medieval city. He valued the residence for its calm and its cleaner environment, which he claimed had helped him avoid illnesses, and more importantly recover good health.
On 28 January 1393, the Bal des Ardents took place at the Hôtel Saint-Pol. Four noble dancers caught fire and were burned to death, while Charles VI and another dancer barely escaped the flames.
Expansion of the park of the Hôtel Saint-Pol
[edit]The Hôtel Saint-Pol was not a single building, but consisted of three important dwellings making up the royal residence: one dwelling for the King, one for the Queen (the former Hôtel d'Étampes), one for their children (the former Hôtel des Abbés de Saint-Maur).[3] All had rooms for banquets and entertainments given by the King, and rooms for guests. Charles V had the residence luxuriously decorated according to his personal tastes, with precious woods, paintings, and goldwork. Walls were decorated with hangings embroidered with pearls, and books were displayed on the furniture, along with golden ornaments. Two chapels were built in the residence, one for the King, the other for his consort, Joanna of Bourbon. The hôtel included a remarkable collection of precious books that the King enjoyed assembling, including those of his father, John II, who had also been a great lover of books. This collection allowed Charles V to create the Royal Library, which would later become the Bibliothèque nationale de France, France's national library in Paris. Within his own residence, Charles V included a room for the Conseil du Roi where affairs of state were conducted.
Etiquette
[edit]The Hôtel Saint-Pol and other palaces were the sites where the first versions of a royal etiquette at the French court were developed. Charles V, for instance, had his servants dressed in liveries appropriate to the stature of a king of France.
The Hôtel Saint-Pol in the 15th and 16th centuries
[edit]
After Charles VII fled to Bourges in 1418, the Hôtel Saint-Pol was abandoned by Charles and his successors. Louis XI preferred the Château de Plessis-lez-Tours, and when visiting Paris stayed at the Château de Vincennes. Charles VIII, Louis XII, and Francis I lived in the Loire Valley or at the Château de Fontainebleau, and the Hôtel Saint-Pol fell into ruin. In 1519, part of it was sold by order of Francis I, and several years later, it was completely demolished. A wall of the church of Saint-Paul, which formed part of the hôtel, survives to this day.
Notes
[edit]- ^ According to Lorentz and Sandron 2006, pp. 91, 99, this miniature depicts the Hôtel Saint-Pol and the funeral of Charles VI, c. 1422, but according to the BnF, Département des Manuscrits, Accueil, it depicts the funeral of Charles VII of France.
- ^ a b Lorentz and Sandron 2006, pp. 90–91.
- ^ a b Emery 2015, pp. 206–207.
Bibliography
[edit]- Bordonove, Georges (1988). Les Rois qui ont fait la France - Les Valois - Charles V le Sage, vol. 1, éditions Pygmalion. ISBN 9782857041856.
- Emery, Anthony (2016). Seats of Power in Europe during the Hundred Years War: An Architectural Study from 1330 to 1480. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 9781785701030.
- Lorentz, Philippe; Dany Sandron (2006). Atlas de Paris au Moyen Âge. Paris: Parigramme. ISBN 9782840964025.