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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Cut-throat Finch
| name = Cut-throat finch
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status = LC
| image = Cutthroat.jpg
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Amadina fasciata'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22719927A94651784 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22719927A94651784.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
| image = Cut-throat Finch (Amadina fasciata, male - Djenné, Mali, 2008).jpg
| image_caption=Male
| image_caption=Male
| image2 = Cut-throat Finch SMTC2.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| image2_caption=Female
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| genus = Amadina
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| species = fasciata
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
| authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1789)
| familia = [[Estrildidae]]
| genus = ''[[Amadina]]''
| species = '''''A. fasciata'''''
| binomial = ''Amadina fasciata''
| binomial_authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1789)
}}
}}


The '''Cut-throat Finch''' (''Amadina fasciata'') is a common species of [[estrildid finch]] found in Africa and originated in Africa, also known as the '''Bearded Finch''', the '''Ribbon Finch''', the '''Cut Throat''', and the '''Weaver Finch'''.
The '''cut-throat finch''' ('''''Amadina fasciata''''') is a common species of [[estrildid finch]] found throughout Africa; it is also known as the '''bearded finch''', the '''ribbon finch''', the '''cut throat''', and the '''weaver finch'''.


==Taxonomy==
The Cut-throat Finch has plumage that is pale, sandy brown with flecks of black all over. They have a black-brown tail, a thick white chin and cheeks, and a chestnut brown patch on the belly. The legs are a pink fleshy colour. The adult male has a bright red band across its throat, while the male juveniles have a slightly duller red band.
The cut-throat finch was [[Species description|formally described]] in 1789 by the German naturalist [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin]] in his revised and expanded edition of [[Carl Linnaeus]]'s ''[[Systema Naturae]]''. He placed it with the crossbills in the [[genus]] ''[[Loxia]]'' and coined the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] ''Loxia fasciata''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gmelin | first=Johann Friedrich | author-link=Johann Friedrich Gmelin| year=1789 | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=13th | volume=1, Part 2 | language=Latin | location=Lipsiae [Leipzig] | publisher=Georg. Emanuel. Beer | page=859 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656354 }}</ref> The specific epithet is from [[Late Latin]] ''faciatus'' meaning "banded".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=158 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n158/mode/1up }}</ref> Gmelin based his account on the "fasciated grossbeak" that had been described and illustrated in 1776 by the English naturalist [[Peter Brown (naturalist)|Peter Brown]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Brown | first=Peter | author-link=Peter Brown (naturalist) | year=1776 | title=Nouvelles illustrations de zoologie : contenant cinquante planches enlumineés d'oiseaux curieux, et qui non etés jamais descrits, et quelques de quadrupedes, de reptiles et d'insectes, avec de courtes descriptions systematiques | language=French, English | location=London | publisher=B. White | page=64, Plate 27 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27845858 }}</ref> Neither Brown nor Gmelin specified a [[type locality (biology)|locality]] but in 1805 the French ornithologist [[Louis Pierre Vieillot]] designated Senegal.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Vieillot | first=Louis Pierre | author-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1805 | title=Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Chez J.E. Gabriel Dufour | page=90 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55964431 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1968 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=14 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=388 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481589 }}</ref> The cut-throat finch is now placed with the [[red-headed finch]] in the genus ''[[Amadina]]'' that was introduced in 1827 by the English naturalist [[William John Swainson|William Swainson]].<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2023 | title=Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/waxbills/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=20 August 2023 }}</ref>


Four [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc/>
It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 3,300,000&nbsp;km². It is found in [[Angola]], [[Benin]], [[Botswana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]], the [[Republic of Congo]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Gambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], [[Niger]], [[Nigeria]], [[Portugal]] (introduced), [[Rwanda]], [[Senegal]], [[Somalia]], [[South Africa]], [[Sudan]], [[Tanzania]], [[Togo]], [[Uganda]], [[Zambia]] and [[Zimbabwe]].
* ''A. f. fasciata'' ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1789) – south Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to Sudan and Uganda
* ''A. f. alexanderi'' [[Oscar Neumann|Neumann]], 1908 – Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia to Kenya and Tanzania
* ''A. f. meridionalis'' Neunzig, 1910 – south Angola and north Namibia to north Mozambique
* ''A. f. contigua'' [[Phillip Clancey|Clancey]], 1970 – south Zimbabwe, south Mozambique and north South Africa


==Reproduction==
==Description==
The cut-throat finch has plumage that is pale, sandy brown with flecks of black all over. It has a black-brown tail, a thick white chin and cheeks, and a chestnut brown patch on the belly. The legs are a pink fleshy colour. The adult male has a bright red band across its throat (thus the name "cut throat"), while the male juveniles have a slightly duller red band.
Cut-throat Finches usually use wavers or other birds nests. A [[Clutch (eggs)|clutch]] usually consists of 4 to 6 white eggs, which hatch after an incubation period of 12 days.<ref>{{cite book|title=Roberts Birds of South Africa| page = 585 |first1=G. R. |last1=Mclachlan |first2=R. |last2=Liversidge |others =Illustrated by Lighton, N. C. K.; Newman, K.; Adams, J.; Gronvöld, H|chapter = 821 White-throated Seed-eater|year=1978 |edition=4th |publisher=The Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund}}</ref>


It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 3,300,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It is found throughout much of [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], particularly in the [[Sahel]], eastern and southern parts of the continent.
==Origin==

Origin and [[phylogeny]] has been obtained by Antonio Arnaiz-Villena ''et al.''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Arnaiz-Villena|first=A|coauthors=Ruiz-del-Valle V, Gomez-Prieto P, Reguera R, Parga-Lozano C, Serrano-Vela I|title=Estrildinae Finches (Aves, Passeriformes) from Africa, South Asia and Australia: a Molecular Phylogeographic Study|journal=The Open Ornithology Journal|year=2009|volume=2|pages=29–36|url=http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tooenij/articles/V002/29TOOENIJ.pdf|doi=10.2174/1874453200902010029}}</ref> Estrildinae may have originated in India and dispersed thereafter (towards Africa and Pacific Ocean habitats).
==Breeding==
Cut-throat finches usually use nests constructed by other birds . A [[Clutch (eggs)|clutch]] usually consists of 3 to 6 white eggs, which hatch after an incubation period of 12–13 days.<ref>{{cite book|title=Roberts Birds of South Africa| page = 585 |first1=G. R. |last1=Mclachlan |first2=R. |last2=Liversidge |others =Illustrated by Lighton, N. C. K.; Newman, K.; Adams, J.; Gronvöld, H|chapter = 821 White-throated Seed-eater|year=1978 |edition=4th |publisher=The Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund}}</ref> The chicks leave the nest after 21–27 days but continue to be fed by their parents for a further three weeks.<ref name=hbw>{{ cite book | last=Payne | first=Robert B. | author-link=Robert B. Payne | year=2010 | chapter=Family Estrildidae (Waxbills) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Christie | editor3-first=D.A. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=15: Weavers to New World Warblers | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=978-84-96553-68-2| pages=234–377 [301] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0015unse/page/301/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px" >
Image:Cut-throat Finch RWD7.jpg|Pair
Image:Cut-throat Finch male RWD9.jpg|Male
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=8736&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]
*[http://www.finchinfo.com/birds/finches/species/cut_throat_finch.php Cut-throat Finch]


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Amadina fasciata}}
{{Commons category|Amadina fasciata}}
* Cut-throat finch - [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/855.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds].


{{Taxonbar|from=Q806262}}
[[Category:Estrildidae]]
[[Category:Birds of Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of Angola]]
[[Category:Birds of Benin]]
[[Category:Birds of Botswana]]
[[Category:Birds of Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Birds of Cameroon]]
[[Category:Birds of Chad]]
[[Category:Birds of the Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Birds of Côte d'Ivoire]]
[[Category:Birds of Eritrea]]
[[Category:Birds of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Birds of the Gambia]]
[[Category:Birds of Ghana]]
[[Category:Birds of Kenya]]
[[Category:Birds of Malawi]]
[[Category:Birds of Mali]]
[[Category:Birds of Mauritania]]
[[Category:Birds of Mozambique]]
[[Category:Birds of Namibia]]
[[Category:Birds of Niger]]
[[Category:Birds of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Birds of Rwanda]]
[[Category:Birds of Senegal]]
[[Category:Birds of Somalia]]
[[Category:Birds of South Africa]]
[[Category:Birds of Sudan]]
[[Category:Birds of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Birds of Togo]]
[[Category:Birds of Uganda]]
[[Category:Birds of Zambia]]
[[Category:Birds of Zimbabwe]]


[[Category:Amadina|cut-throat finch]]
[[Category:Birds of the Sahel]]
[[Category:Birds of East Africa]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1789|cut-throat finch]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin|cut-throat finch]]


{{Estrildidae-stub}}


{{Estrildidae-stub}}
[[ca:Teixidor degollat]]
[[de:Bandamadine]]
[[es:Amadina fasciata]]
[[eu:Amadina fasciata]]
[[fr:Amadine cou-coupé]]
[[ha:Yankan Allah]]
[[hu:Szalagpinty]]
[[nl:Bandvink]]
[[pl:Amadyna obrożna]]
[[ru:Красногорлая амадина]]
[[sv:Rödstrupig amadin]]
[[zh:环喉雀]]

Latest revision as of 23:40, 30 December 2023

Cut-throat finch
Male
Female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Estrildidae
Genus: Amadina
Species:
A. fasciata
Binomial name
Amadina fasciata
(Gmelin, JF, 1789)

The cut-throat finch (Amadina fasciata) is a common species of estrildid finch found throughout Africa; it is also known as the bearded finch, the ribbon finch, the cut throat, and the weaver finch.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The cut-throat finch was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the crossbills in the genus Loxia and coined the binomial name Loxia fasciata.[2] The specific epithet is from Late Latin faciatus meaning "banded".[3] Gmelin based his account on the "fasciated grossbeak" that had been described and illustrated in 1776 by the English naturalist Peter Brown.[4] Neither Brown nor Gmelin specified a locality but in 1805 the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot designated Senegal.[5][6] The cut-throat finch is now placed with the red-headed finch in the genus Amadina that was introduced in 1827 by the English naturalist William Swainson.[7]

Four subspecies are recognised:[7]

  • A. f. fasciata (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – south Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to Sudan and Uganda
  • A. f. alexanderi Neumann, 1908 – Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia to Kenya and Tanzania
  • A. f. meridionalis Neunzig, 1910 – south Angola and north Namibia to north Mozambique
  • A. f. contigua Clancey, 1970 – south Zimbabwe, south Mozambique and north South Africa

Description

[edit]

The cut-throat finch has plumage that is pale, sandy brown with flecks of black all over. It has a black-brown tail, a thick white chin and cheeks, and a chestnut brown patch on the belly. The legs are a pink fleshy colour. The adult male has a bright red band across its throat (thus the name "cut throat"), while the male juveniles have a slightly duller red band.

It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 3,300,000 km2. It is found throughout much of Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in the Sahel, eastern and southern parts of the continent.

Breeding

[edit]

Cut-throat finches usually use nests constructed by other birds . A clutch usually consists of 3 to 6 white eggs, which hatch after an incubation period of 12–13 days.[8] The chicks leave the nest after 21–27 days but continue to be fed by their parents for a further three weeks.[9]

[edit]
  • Pair
    Pair
  • Male
    Male

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amadina fasciata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22719927A94651784. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22719927A94651784.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 859.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ Brown, Peter (1776). Nouvelles illustrations de zoologie : contenant cinquante planches enlumineés d'oiseaux curieux, et qui non etés jamais descrits, et quelques de quadrupedes, de reptiles et d'insectes, avec de courtes descriptions systematiques (in French and English). London: B. White. p. 64, Plate 27.
  5. ^ Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1805). Histoire naturelle des plus beaux oiseaux chanteurs de la zone torride (in French). Paris: Chez J.E. Gabriel Dufour. p. 90.
  6. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 388.
  7. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  8. ^ Mclachlan, G. R.; Liversidge, R. (1978). "821 White-throated Seed-eater". Roberts Birds of South Africa. Illustrated by Lighton, N. C. K.; Newman, K.; Adams, J.; Gronvöld, H (4th ed.). The Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. p. 585.
  9. ^ Payne, Robert B. (2010). "Family Estrildidae (Waxbills)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 234–377 [301]. ISBN 978-84-96553-68-2.
[edit]
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