T32 (classification): Difference between revisions
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'''T32''' and '''CP2 (upper)''' are [[disabled sport|disability sport]] classification for [[Paralympic athletics|disability athletics]]. |
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'''T32''' is [[disabled sport|disability sport]] classification for track events in [[Paralympic athletics|disability athletics]]. This is a wheelchair racing class. The classification is one of three classes of wheelchair racing for people with [[athetosis]], [[ataxia]] or [[hypertonia]]. The number of events available to people in this class has decreased since the 1980s, with no T32 events at the [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics|2016 Summer Paralympics]]. While undergoing classification, T32 competitors both undergo a bench test of muscle coordination and demonstrate their skills in athletics. |
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==Definition== |
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| ⚫ | This classification is for [[Paralympic athletics|disability athletics]].<ref name=understanding>{{cite web|title=Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports|first=Jane|last=Buckley|year=2011|access-date=12 November 2011|url=http://www.sportingwheelies.org.au/doc.php?ID=38|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411023150/http://www.sportingwheelies.org.au/doc.php?ID=38|archive-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> Jane Buckley, writing for the [[Sporting Wheelies]], describes the athletes in this classification as: "CP2 (Upper), see CP-ISRA classes (appendix) Wheelchair "<ref name="understanding"/> The classification in the appendix by Buckley goes on to say "Athletes are able to propel a wheelchair but have very poor useful strength in their arms, legs and trunk."<ref name="understanding"/> The [[Australian Paralympic Committee]] defines this classification as being for "Severe to moderate quadriplegia."<ref name=apc-pdf-2>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org.au/sites/default/files/APC%20Classification%20Information%20Sheet%20-%20Athletics.pdf|access-date=19 November 2011|title=Classification Information Sheet|date=16 November 2011|location=Sydney, Australia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> The [[International Paralympic Committee]] defined this classification on their website in July 2016 as, "Coordination impairments (hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis)".<ref name=":1"/> |
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| ⚫ | The classification was created by the [[International Paralympic Committee]] and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."<ref name=ipc-2003>{{cite web| |
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== Disability groups == |
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==Sport== |
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Multiple types of disabilities are eligible to compete in this class. This class includes people who have cerebral palsy, or who have had a stroke or [[traumatic brain injury]].<ref name=":32">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3pcAgAAQBAJ|title=Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes|last=Broad|first=Elizabeth|date=2014-02-06|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781466507562|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":123">{{Cite web|url=https://queenslandschoolsport.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Documents/Officials%20and%20executives/classification-system-for-students-with-a-disability.docx|title=CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY|website=Queensland Sport|access-date=July 23, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404055316/https://queenslandschoolsport.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Documents/Officials%20and%20executives/classification-system-for-students-with-a-disability.docx|archive-date=April 4, 2015}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | This classification is for [[Paralympic athletics|disability athletics]].<ref name=understanding>{{cite web|title=Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports|first=Jane|last=Buckley|year=2011| |
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== Performance and rules == |
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Wheelchairs used by this class have three wheels, with a maximum rear height of {{Convert|70|cm|in}} and maximum front height of {{Convert|50|cm|in}}. Chairs cannot have mirrors or any gears. They are not allowed to have anything protruding from the back of the chair. Officials can check for this by placing the chair against a wall, where the rear wheels should touch it without obstruction. As opposed to wearing hip numbers, racers in this class wear them on the helmet. Instead of wearing bibs, these numbers are put on the back of the racing chair and the racer.<ref name=":1232">{{Cite web|url=https://images.teamusa.org/~/media/USA_Paralympics/Documents/track/Officials-Training-Guide.pdf?la=en|title=PARALYMPIC TRACK & FIELD: Officials Training|date=December 11, 2013|website=USOC|publisher=United States Olympic Committee|access-date=August 6, 2016}}</ref> |
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For Australian athletics competitors seeking to be classified in this category, they need to undergo a classification evaluation where they will earn either provisional or national certification depending on who the evaluators are. Athletes undergo a medical examination and are asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics. They may also be asked to demonstrate other sport related skills such as jumping rope or swimming. A determination is then made as to what an classification an athlete should compete in.<ref name=getting-classified>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org.au/sites/default/files/Classification%20Information%20for%20Athletes.pdf|publisher=Australian Paralympic Committee|accessdate=19 November 2011|title=CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes|date=2 July 2010|location=Sydney Australia}}</ref> |
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Because this is a wheelchair class, different rules apply for overtaking with the responsibility lying with the racer coming from behind. They must be completely clear of the front wheel of the racer they are overtaking before cutting in front of them. The racer being overtaken cannot deliberately obstruct or impede the racer doing the overtaking. If a crash occurs within the first 50 meters of a race that is 800 meters or longer, the starting official has the option of recalling the race. In races in the United States, a race official's job for a crash is only to direct other racers around the accident 30 meters ahead of the accident.<ref name=":1232"/> |
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==Competitors== |
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There is only one Australian athletics competitors in this class : Jack Gillespie .<ref name=aussie-comp-twhut>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org.au/sites/default/files/Australian%20Athletics%20Classification%20Masterlist%20Nov2011.pdf|accessdate=19 November 2011|publisher=Australian Paralympic Committee|date=3 November 2011|title=Australian Athletics Classification Masterlist|location=Sydney, Australia}}</ref> |
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In wheelchair races, the winner and time is determined by when the center of the front axle goes across the finish line.<ref name=":1232"/> |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Sports and games|Disability|Paralympics}} |
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In relay events involve this class, each team has two lanes. Racers don't use a baton, but instead transfer via touch of the body in the exchange zone. The incoming racer cannot use their momentum to push and give the ongoing racer any acceleration. The acceleration zone is 20 meters, with the take over zone being 20 meters.<ref name=":1232"/> |
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* [[Athletics at the Summer Paralympics]] |
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== History == |
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| ⚫ | The classification was created by the [[International Paralympic Committee]] and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."<ref name="ipc-2003">{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/classification/history|title=Paralympic Classification Today|date=22 April 2010|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|page=3}}</ref> |
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== Events == |
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Events that may be on the program for T32 competitors include the 4 x 100 meters and the 4 x 400 meters. |
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== Governance == |
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Classification into this class is handled by the International Paralympic Committee.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/athletics/classification|title=IPC Athletics Classification & Categories|website=www.paralympic.org|access-date=2016-07-22}}</ref> For national events, classification is handled by the national athletics organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org.au/classification/athletics-classification/|title=Athletics Classification|website=Australian Paralympic Committee|access-date=August 6, 2016}}</ref> |
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Athletes with cerebral palsy or similar impairments who wish to compete in para-athletics competition must first undergo a classification assessment. During this, they both undergo a bench test of muscle coordination and demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as pushing a racing wheelchair and throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.<ref name=getting-classified>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org.au/sites/default/files/Classification%20Information%20for%20Athletes.pdf|publisher=Australian Paralympic Committee|access-date=19 November 2011|title=CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes|date=2 July 2010|location=Sydney Australia}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
{{Portal|Sports}}{{reflist|2}} |
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{{Athletics classifications}} |
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{{Para-athletics classifications}}{{Disability sports classification}} |
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Latest revision as of 19:38, 5 October 2024
T32 is disability sport classification for track events in disability athletics. This is a wheelchair racing class. The classification is one of three classes of wheelchair racing for people with athetosis, ataxia or hypertonia. The number of events available to people in this class has decreased since the 1980s, with no T32 events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. While undergoing classification, T32 competitors both undergo a bench test of muscle coordination and demonstrate their skills in athletics.
Definition
[edit]This classification is for disability athletics.[1] Jane Buckley, writing for the Sporting Wheelies, describes the athletes in this classification as: "CP2 (Upper), see CP-ISRA classes (appendix) Wheelchair "[1] The classification in the appendix by Buckley goes on to say "Athletes are able to propel a wheelchair but have very poor useful strength in their arms, legs and trunk."[1] The Australian Paralympic Committee defines this classification as being for "Severe to moderate quadriplegia."[2] The International Paralympic Committee defined this classification on their website in July 2016 as, "Coordination impairments (hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis)".[3]
Disability groups
[edit]Multiple types of disabilities are eligible to compete in this class. This class includes people who have cerebral palsy, or who have had a stroke or traumatic brain injury.[4][5]
Performance and rules
[edit]Wheelchairs used by this class have three wheels, with a maximum rear height of 70 centimetres (28 in) and maximum front height of 50 centimetres (20 in). Chairs cannot have mirrors or any gears. They are not allowed to have anything protruding from the back of the chair. Officials can check for this by placing the chair against a wall, where the rear wheels should touch it without obstruction. As opposed to wearing hip numbers, racers in this class wear them on the helmet. Instead of wearing bibs, these numbers are put on the back of the racing chair and the racer.[6]
Because this is a wheelchair class, different rules apply for overtaking with the responsibility lying with the racer coming from behind. They must be completely clear of the front wheel of the racer they are overtaking before cutting in front of them. The racer being overtaken cannot deliberately obstruct or impede the racer doing the overtaking. If a crash occurs within the first 50 meters of a race that is 800 meters or longer, the starting official has the option of recalling the race. In races in the United States, a race official's job for a crash is only to direct other racers around the accident 30 meters ahead of the accident.[6]
In wheelchair races, the winner and time is determined by when the center of the front axle goes across the finish line.[6]
In relay events involve this class, each team has two lanes. Racers don't use a baton, but instead transfer via touch of the body in the exchange zone. The incoming racer cannot use their momentum to push and give the ongoing racer any acceleration. The acceleration zone is 20 meters, with the take over zone being 20 meters.[6]
History
[edit]The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."[7]
Events
[edit]Events that may be on the program for T32 competitors include the 4 x 100 meters and the 4 x 400 meters.
Governance
[edit]Classification into this class is handled by the International Paralympic Committee.[3] For national events, classification is handled by the national athletics organization.[8]
Becoming classified
[edit]Athletes with cerebral palsy or similar impairments who wish to compete in para-athletics competition must first undergo a classification assessment. During this, they both undergo a bench test of muscle coordination and demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as pushing a racing wheelchair and throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.[9]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c Buckley, Jane (2011). "Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
- ^ "Classification Information Sheet" (PDF). Sydney, Australia. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "IPC Athletics Classification & Categories". www.paralympic.org. Retrieved 2016-07-22.
- ^ Broad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06). Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes. CRC Press. ISBN 9781466507562.
- ^ "CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY". Queensland Sport. Archived from the original on April 4, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ a b c d "PARALYMPIC TRACK & FIELD: Officials Training" (PDF). USOC. United States Olympic Committee. December 11, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
- ^ "Paralympic Classification Today". International Paralympic Committee. 22 April 2010. p. 3.
- ^ "Athletics Classification". Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
- ^ "CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes" (PDF). Sydney Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2 July 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2011.[permanent dead link]
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