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{{short description|List of software distributions using the Linux kernel}}
{{pp-pc1|small=yes}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{primary sources|date=February 2018}}
{{cleanup|date=February 2018|reason=references need cleaning up, most are simply directory links to the distribution sites, which are handled already in the articles about them}}
}}
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[[File:Linux Distribution Timeline.svg|thumb|Timeline of the development of main Linux distributions<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/FabioLolix/LinuxTimeline |title=Linux Distributions Timeline |publisher=FabioLolix |access-date=October 28, 2021 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030654/https://github.com/FabioLolix/LinuxTimeline |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
{{Refimprove|date=September 2009}}
This page provides general information about notable [[Linux distribution]]s in the form of a categorized list. Distributions are organized into sections by the major distribution or [[package management system]] they are based on.
[[Image:gldt.svg|thumb|right|[http://futurist.se/gldt], timeline representing the development of various Linux distributions.]]
This page provides general information about notable [[Linux distributions]] in the form of a categorized list. Distributions are organized into sections by the major distribution they are based on, or the [[package management system]] they are based around.


==Debian-based==
==Debian-based==
[[File:Debian family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Debian family tree]]
[[File:DebianFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|upright|Debian family tree]]

[[Debian]] GNU/Linux is a distribution that emphasizes [[free software]]. It supports many hardware platforms. Debian and distributions based on it use the [[deb (file format)|.deb]] package format and the [[dpkg]] package manager and its frontends.
[[Debian]] (a [[portmanteau]] of the names "Deb" and "Ian") Linux is a distribution that emphasizes [[free software]]. It supports many hardware platforms. Debian and distributions based on it use the [[deb (file format)|.deb]] package format<ref>{{cite web |url=http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lucid/man5/deb.5.html |title=Ubuntu Manpage: deb - Debian binary package format |publisher=Manpages.ubuntu.com |access-date=2013-07-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607083816/http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lucid/man5/deb.5.html |archive-date=2013-06-07 }}</ref> and the [[dpkg]] package manager and its frontends (such as [[APT (software)|apt]] or synaptic).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/en/man1/dpkg.1.html |title=Ubuntu Manpage: dpkg - package manager for Debian |website=ManPages.Ubuntu.com |access-date=2013-07-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607091301/http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/en/man1/dpkg.1.html |archive-date=2013-06-07 }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[64 Studio]]
| [[antiX]]
| A comparatively lightweight distribution suitable for older computers, while also providing [[Linux kernel|kernel]] and applications, as well as updates and additions via the [[aptitude (software)|Aptitude]] and Debian-compatible [[repo]]sitories.
| Attempts to specialize in audio and video production on [[x86-64]] workstations.
|-
|-
| [[aptosid]]
| [[Astra Linux]]
| A Russian distribution developed to meet the needs of the Russian army and other armed forces and intelligence agencies.<ref>{{cite web |title=архив |url=https://old.computerra.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010054054/https://old.computerra.ru/ |archive-date=2024-10-10 |access-date=2019-11-21 |website=old.computerra.ru |language=ru}}</ref> It provides data protection up to the level of "top secret" in Russian classified information grade. It has been officially certified by Russian Defense Ministry, Federal Service for Technical and Export Control<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fstec.ru/en/|title=Home - FSTEC Russia|website=fstec.ru|access-date=2019-11-21|archive-date=2013-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218054319/https://fstec.ru/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Federal Security Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astra-linux.com/sertifikat.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304231836/http://www.astra-linux.com/sertifikat.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-03-04|title=Сертификаты соответствия|date=2018-03-04|access-date=2019-11-21}}</ref>
| Multilingual desktop-oriented Live CD based on Debian unstable. Formerly ''sidux''.
|-
|-
| [[Bharat Operating System Solutions]]
| [[Bharat Operating System Solutions]] (BOSS)
| An Indian Linux distribution<ref>{{cite web |date=16 September 2015 |title=Indian Government's BOSS Operating System Set To Replace Windows, Ward Off Hackers |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/indian-governments-boss-operating-system-set-replace-windows-ward-hackers-2099282 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211170125/https://www.ibtimes.com/indian-governments-boss-operating-system-set-replace-windows-ward-hackers-2099282 |archive-date=2023-12-11 |access-date=2019-07-22 |website=www.ibtimes.com}}</ref>
| This software is also known by the acronym BOSS GNU/Linux or simply BOSS Linux.
|-
|-
| [[Canaima (operating system)|Canaima]]
| [[Canaima (operating system)|Canaima]]
| A Venezuelan Linux distribution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canaima.softwarelibre.gob.ve/ |title=Canaima website |access-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130100717/http://canaima.softwarelibre.gob.ve/ |archive-date=2012-11-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| A Venezuelan distribution.
|-
| [[Caixa Mágica]]
| A Portuguese distribution.
|-
|-
| [[Corel Linux]]
| [[Corel Linux]]
| Short-lived commercial desktop Linux distribution, bought by [[Xandros]] Linux.<ref>{{cite web |title=The story of a failure (Corel) - OpenLife.cc |url=https://openlife.cc/onlinebook/story-failure-corel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103110136/https://openlife.cc/onlinebook/story-failure-corel |archive-date=2012-01-03 |access-date=2012-11-29 |website=openlife.cc}}</ref>
| Commercial. Short-lived desktop distribution, bought by [[Xandros]] Linux.
|-
|-
| [[CrunchBang Linux]]
| [[CrunchBang Linux]]
| A small distribution and [[Live CD]] based on Debian Stable, featuring the [[Openbox]] window manager and tint2 panel with [[GTK+]] applications.<ref>[https://www.crunchbang.org/ CrunchBang Linux website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126092058/http://crunchbang.org/|date=2012-11-26}}</ref> Development has ended for CrunchBang as of February, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crunchbang.org/forums/viewtopic.php?id=38916|title=The end. / News & Announcements / CrunchBang Linux Forums|website=CrunchBang Linux Forums|access-date=2015-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216210207/http://crunchbang.org/forums/viewtopic.php?id=38916|archive-date=2015-02-16|url-status=live}}</ref>
| A small Distro and Live CD based on Debian Stable, featuring the [[Openbox]] window manager and tint2 panel with [[GTK+]] applications.
|-
| [[Deepin]]
| A Chinese Linux Distribution developed by Wuhan Deepin Technology Co.
|-
| [[Devuan]]
| A fork of Debian begun in 2014 with the primary goal of allowing user choice in [[init]] systems, by decoupling software packages from [[systemd]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Fork-Debian-Project-Announces-the-Systemd-less-OS-Devuan-466178.shtml | title=Fork Debian Project Announces the Systemd-less OS Devuan | work=Softpedia | date=28 November 2014 | access-date=30 November 2014 | author=Stahie, Silviu | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130142144/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Fork-Debian-Project-Announces-the-Systemd-less-OS-Devuan-466178.shtml | archive-date=30 November 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[DoudouLinux]]
| A discontinued distribution intended for children.
|-
|-
| [[Dreamlinux]]
| [[Dreamlinux]]
| A Brazilian Linux distribution.
| A discontinued Brazilian distribution.
|-
|-
| [[Elive]]
| [[Emdebian Grip]]
| A small-footprint distribution based on and compatible with Debian, intended for use on resource-limited embedded systems.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emdebian Grip packages: A smaller Debian-compatible distro |url=https://www.emdebian.org/grip/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130072443/https://www.emdebian.org/grip/ |archive-date=2013-11-30 |access-date=2014-01-20 |publisher=emdebian.org}}</ref>
| A Live CD and Distribution featuring Enlightenment as the only window manager. Aims to be intuitive and easy to use.
|-
|-
| [[Finnix]]
| [[Finnix]]
| A small system administration Live CD that is available for multiple architectures.
| A small system-administration [[Live CD]] that is available for multiple architectures<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.finnix.org/|title=Finnix|website=www.finnix.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074057/https://www.finnix.org/|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Freespire]]
| [[gLinux]]
|gLinux is a [[Linux distribution|Linux Distro]] used for [[Google]] Employees.
| A community-driven and -supported project tied to the commercial Linspire distribution. Defunct since 2007. Website offline since early 2011.
|-
|-
| [[gNewSense]]
| [[Gibraltar (operating system)|Gibraltar]]
| Originally based on [[Ubuntu]] and later upon [[Debian]], and developed with sponsorship from the [[Free Software Foundation]]. Its goal is user-friendliness, but with all [[proprietary software|proprietary]] (e.g. [[binary blob]]s) and non-free software removed.
| Commercial. Router/firewall distribution.
|-
| [[gnuLinEx]]
| A distribution promoted by the government of [[Extremadura]], Spain.
|-
|-
| [[grml]]
| [[grml]]
| Live CD for system recovery<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grml.org/|title=grml.org - Debian Live system / CD for sysadmins and texttool-users|website=grml.org|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206084858/http://grml.org/|archive-date=2012-12-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Live CD for system recovery
|-
|-
| [[Kanotix]]
| [[HandyLinux]]
| Designed for [[senior citizen]]s running old computers for which [[Windows]] have become too slow<ref>Wiki Debian [https://wiki.debian.org/Derivatives/Census/HandyLinux HandyLinux Debian Derivatives Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103005216/https://wiki.debian.org/Derivatives/Census/HandyLinux |date=2016-01-03 }}</ref>
| An installable live CD for desktop usage using KDE, focusing on convenient scripts and GUI for ease of use.
|-
|-
| [[Knoppix]]
| [[Kali Linux]]
| A completely customizable distribution used for penetration testing. Kali is based on Debian and is used mostly by security experts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kali.org/|title=Our Most Advanced Penetration Testing Distribution, Ever.|website=www.kali.org|access-date=2013-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402210749/http://www.kali.org/|archive-date=2013-04-02|url-status=live}}</ref> Originally named [[BackTrack]] (named after the homonym class of backtracking algorithms), it is developed by [[Offensive Security]].<ref name="BackTrack website">{{cite web|url=http://www.backtrack-linux.org/|title=BackTrack Linux - Penetration Testing Distribution|website=www.backtrack-linux.org|access-date=2012-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130143122/http://www.backtrack-linux.org/|archive-date=2012-11-30|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2013, the Offensive Security team rebuilt BackTrack on Debian and released it under the name Kali Linux.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.offensive-security.com/kali-distribution/kali-linux-released/|title=Kali Linux Has Been Released!|date=2013-03-12|access-date=2013-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509043312/http://www.offensive-security.com/kali-distribution/kali-linux-released/|archive-date=2013-05-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
| The first Live CD (later DVD) version of Debian GNU/Linux.
|-
|-
| [[Kurumin]]
| [[Kali NetHunter]]
| Mobile version of Kali Linux available for rooted and non-rooted devices. <!-- move to android section? -->
| Earlier, it was a version of the Knoppix distribution, modified with Debian and designed for [[Brazil]]ian users.
|-
| [[Kanotix]]
| An installable live DVD/CD for desktop usage using KDE and LXDE, focusing on convenient scripts and [[GUI]]s for ease of use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kanotix.com/|title=kanotix.com :: GNU Linux Live system based on Debian, optimized for HD-install and high performance|website=www.kanotix.com|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127015738/http://www.kanotix.com/|archive-date=2012-11-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[LEAF Project]]
| [[LEAF Project]]
| The Linux Embedded Appliance Framework. A tiny primarily floppy-based distribution for routers, firewalls and other appliances.
| The Linux Embedded Appliance Framework. A tiny primarily floppy-based distribution for routers, firewalls and other appliances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leaf.sourceforge.net/|title=LEAF — Linux Embedded Appliance Firewall|website=leaf.sourceforge.net|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107015504/http://leaf.sourceforge.net/|archive-date=2012-11-07|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Libranet]]
| A discontinued operating system based on Debian.
|-
|-
| [[LiMux]]
| [[LiMux]]
| An [[ISO 9241]] industry workplace certified Linux distribution, deployed at the [[Munich|City of Munich]], Germany.
| An [[ISO 9241]] industry workplace certified Linux distribution, deployed at the [[Munich|City of Munich]], Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lgict.org.za/document/limux-%E2%80%93-free-software-munich|title=LiMux website|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702032443/http://lgict.org.za/document/limux-%E2%80%93-free-software-munich|archive-date=2014-07-02|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Linux Mint Debian Edition|LMDE]]
| [[Linspire]]
| A Debian-based version of [[Linux Mint]] that does not use any elements of [[Ubuntu linux]], maintained to ensure continuity should Ubuntu stop being maintained or other issue affecting the core Mint distribution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://linuxmint.com/download_lmde.php|title=Linux Mint Debian Edition|access-date=2021-05-20|archive-date=2010-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910004952/https://linuxmint.com/download_lmde.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Commercial. Desktop-oriented distribution, previously called Lindows. Focuses on a proprietary software application manager obtained via a paid (CNR) subscription. Bought by [[Xandros]] Linux, and effectively defunct since 2007.
|-
|[[Linux Mint Debian Edition]]
|Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) is a rolling distribution based on Debian Testing. It is available in both 32 and 64-bit as a live DVD with a Gnome desktop. The purpose of LMDE is to look identical to the main Linux Mint edition and to provide the same functionality while using Debian as a base.<ref>[http://www.linuxmint.com/download_lmde.php Linuxmint.com]</ref>
|-
| [[Linux Router Project]]
| A defunct floppy-based distribution for routers and firewalls. Supplanted by [[LEAF Project]].
|-
|-
| [[Maemo]]
| [[Maemo]]
| A development platform for hand held devices such as the [[Nokia N800]], [[Nokia N810|N810]] and [[Nokia N900]] Internet Tablets and other Linux-based devices.
| A development platform for hand held devices such as the [[Nokia N800]], [[Nokia N810|N810]], and [[Nokia N900]] Internet Tablets and other Linux kernel–based devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maemo.org/|title=maemo.org - maemo.org: Home of the Maemo community|date=1 December 2006|website=maemo.org|access-date=29 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123114615/http://maemo.org/|archive-date=23 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[MEPIS]]
| [[MEPIS]]
|A discontinued OS that focused on ease of use. Significant derivatives include [[antiX]] and [[MX Linux]].
| Focuses on ease of use. Also includes lightweight variant called antiX. antiX is meant to be used on older computers with limited hardware.
|-
|-
| [[MintPPC]]
| [[MintPPC]]
| For PowerPC computers. Though MintPPC uses some Mint LXDE code, it is not Linux Mint.
| For PowerPC computers. Although MintPPC uses some Linux Mint Debian Edition code, it is not Linux Mint.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mintppc.org/|title=Home|website=Mint PPC|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013025534/http://mintppc.org/|archive-date=2010-10-13|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Musix GNU+Linux]]
| [[Neopwn]] || Debian-based network [[Penetration test|penetration-testing]] distribution for mobile phones.
| Intended for music production, graphic design, audio, video editing, and other tasks. It is built with only [[free software]].<ref>[http://www.musix.org.ar/en/ Musix GNU+Linux website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401074214/http://www.musix.org.ar/en/ |date=2013-04-01 }}</ref>
|-
| [[MX Linux]]
| A midweight OS based on Debian Stable with core components from [[antiX]] and using [[Xfce]], offering simple configuration, high stability, solid performance and medium-sized footprint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mxlinux.org/|title=MX Linux - MX Community|website=mxlinux.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113040247/https://mxlinux.org/|archive-date=2016-11-13|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[NepaLinux]]
| [[NepaLinux]]
| A Debian and Morphix based distribution focused for desktop usage in Nepali language computing.
| A Debian- and Morphix-based distribution focused for desktop usage in Nepali language computing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalinux.org/|title=nepalinux.org - Home|website=www.nepalinux.org|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312003906/http://www.nepalinux.org/|archive-date=2011-03-12|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[OpenZaurus]]
| [[OpenZaurus]]
| Debian packages and ROM image for the [[Sharp Zaurus]] [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]]. Replaced by [[Ångström distribution]].
| Debian packages and ROM image for the [[Sharp Zaurus]] [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]]. Replaced by [[Ångström distribution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openzaurus.org/|title=Apache2 Debian Default Page: It works|website=www.openzaurus.org|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020330152808/http://www.openzaurus.org/|archive-date=2002-03-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Pardus (operating system)|Pardus]]
| [[Parsix]]
| Developed by [[Turkish National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology]]. Prior to 2013 it used PISI as the package manager, with COMAR as the configuration framework. Starting with Pardus 2013, it is Debian-based.
| Optimized for personal computers and laptops. Built on top of Debian testing branch and comes with security support.
|-
|-
| [[Parrot OS]]
| [[Progeny Linux Systems|Progeny Componentized Linux]]
| A Linux distribution based on Debian used by penetration testers.
| Distribution from [[Progeny Linux Systems]] which was also founded by Debian founder [[Ian Murdock]].
|-
| [[Parsix]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parsix.org/wiki/News|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170903125016/http://www.parsix.org/wiki/News|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-09-03|title = News – Parsix GNU/Linux - Desktop Linux Operating System}}</ref>
| Optimized for personal computers and laptops. Built on top of Debian testing branch and comes with security support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parsix.org/ |title=Parsix website |access-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907133354/http://parsix.org/ |archive-date=2008-09-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[PelicanHPC]]
| Dedicated to setting up a [[computer cluster]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pelicanhpc.awict.net/|title=PelcianHPC|website=pelicanhpc.awict.net|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717090223/http://pelicanhpc.awict.net/|archive-date=2016-07-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[PureOS]]
| [[PureOS]]
| A Linux distribution based on Debian with a focus on privacy, security, and convenience.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html|title=GNU.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216063244/http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html|archive-date=2014-12-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-adds-pureos-to-list-of-endorsed-gnu-linux-distributions-1|title=FSF adds PureOS to list of endorsed GNU/Linux distributions — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software|website=www.fsf.org|language=en|access-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622014743/https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-adds-pureos-to-list-of-endorsed-gnu-linux-distributions-1|archive-date=2019-06-22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=pureos|title=DistroWatch.com: PureOS|website=distrowatch.com|access-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406110001/https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=pureos|archive-date=2019-04-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/pureos-one-linux-for-both-pcs-and-smartphones/|title=PureOS: One Linux for both PCs and smartphones|website=[[ZDNet]]|language=en|access-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325143606/https://www.zdnet.com/article/pureos-one-linux-for-both-pcs-and-smartphones/|archive-date=2019-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Based on Debian Testing.
|-
|-
| [[RXART|Rxart]]
| [[Q4OS]]
| A [[light-weight Linux distribution]] with [[Trinity Desktop Environment|Trinity]] and [[KDE Plasma Workspaces|Plasma]] desktop environments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://q4os.org/index.html|title=Q4OS|access-date=2021-10-30|archive-date=2014-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912083411/https://q4os.org/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Desktop-oriented distribution. Focused on providing proprietary software.
|-
|-
| [[Sacix]]
|[[Raspberry Pi OS]]
|Desktop-oriented distribution, formerly known as Raspbian. Developed by the [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] as the official OS for their family of low-power [[Raspberry Pi]] single-board computers.
| A [[Debian Pure Blend]] originally created to support the educational and free software diffusion goals of the Telecentres project of the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
|-
|-
| [[Skolelinux]]
| [[SolydXK]]
| [[Xfce]] and [[KDE]] desktop focused on stability, security and ease of use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://solydxk.com/|title=SolydXK Community — English|website=solydxk.com|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122092515/https://solydxk.com/|archive-date=2019-01-22|url-status=live}}</ref>
| A distribution from Norway. It is provided as a [[thin client]] distribution for schools.
|-
| [[SparkyLinux]]
| A Debian-based Linux distribution which provides ready to use, out of the box operating system with a set of slightly customized lightweight desktops. Sparky is targeted to all the computer's users who want replace existing, proprietary driven OS to an open-sourced..
|-
|-
| [[SolusOS]]
| Based on the Stable branch of Debian with updated software applications from Debian backports. Improved media support. Features the [[GNOME|Gnome]] desktop with usability patches and customized applications.
|-
| [[Sunwah Linux]]
| [[Sunwah Linux]]
| A Chinese Linux distribution<ref>[http://www.sw-linux.com/en/scripts/main/index.php Sunwah Linux website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911140109/http://www.sw-linux.com/en/scripts/main/index.php |date=2012-09-11 }}</ref>
| A Chinese distribution
|-
|-
| [[Tails (operating system)|Tails]]
| [[Symphony OS]]
| Tails or The Amnesic Incognito Live System' is aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity, with all outgoing connections forced to go through [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tails.boum.org/|title=Tails - Privacy for anyone anywhere|website=tails.boum.org|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105062508/https://tails.boum.org/|archive-date=2012-11-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Includes the [[Mezzo (desktop environment)|Mezzo]] desktop environment. Previous versions were based on Knoppix.
|-
|-
| [[TurnKey Linux Virtual Appliance Library|TurnKey Linux]]
| [[The Amnesic Incognito Live System|TAILS]]
| Open source project developing a family of free, Debian-based appliances optimized for ease of use in server-type usage scenarios.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/|title=TurnKey Linux: 100+ free ready-to-use system images for virtual machines, the cloud, and bare metal.|website=www.turnkeylinux.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224073936/https://www.turnkeylinux.org/|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref> Based on Debian since 2012; previously based on Ubuntu.
| The Amnesic Incognito Live System' or Tails is aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity, with all outgoing connections forced to go through [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]].
|-
|-
| [[Twister OS]]
| [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]]
| [[Raspberry Pi OS]] based distribution using [[Xfce]] with themes based on other OSes intended for the [[Raspberry Pi]], [[Rockchip#Featured Products|RK3399]] CPU, and [[x86-64]] architecture.
| A distribution sponsored by [[Canonical Ltd.]] as well as receiving major funding from South African [[Mark Shuttleworth]]. Aims to offer a complete and polished desktop on a single CD.
|-
| [[Ulteo]]|| Virtual desktop project
|-
|-
| [[Univention Corporate Server]]
| [[Univention Corporate Server]]
| Enterprise distribution with integrated IT infrastructure and identity management system by the company Univention GmbH, Germany. A full version for up to 5 users for tests and for private use can be downloaded for free.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.univention.com/products/ucs/|title=UCS Univention Corporate Server: easy-to-use IT operations|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128215223/https://www.univention.com/products/ucs/|archive-date=2019-01-28|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Commercial distribution with costs by the company Univention GmbH, Germany.
|-
| [[UserLinux]]
| Commercial distribution that would have included GNOME. Short-lived.
|-
|-
| [[Webconverger]]
| [[Webconverger]]
| [[Debian Live]] based browser only distribution, similar to [[Google Chrome OS]]. However based on [[Firefox]] & [[dwm]], with no user sign-in, no special hardware required and designed for public places.
| [[Debian Live]]-based browser only distribution, similar to ChromeOS. However based on [[Firefox]] and [[dwm]], with no user sign-in, no special hardware required and designed for public places.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://webconverger.com/|title=OPENSOURCE Web Kiosk software by Webconverger|website=webconverger.com|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122050502/https://webconverger.com/|archive-date=2019-01-22|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Vyatta]]
| [[Vyatta]]
| Commercial open source network operating system includes routing, firewall, VPN, intrusion prevention and more. Designed to be an open source Cisco replacement.
| Commercial open source network operating system includes routing, firewall, VPN, intrusion prevention and more. Designed to be an open source Cisco replacement.<ref>[http://www.vyatta.org/ Vyatta website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424205015/http://www.vyatta.org/ |date=2012-04-24 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[VyOS]]
| [[Xandros|Xandros Open Circulation Edition]]
| Free routing platform. Because VyOS is run on standard amd64, i586 and ARM systems, it is able to be used as a router and firewall platform for cloud deployments.
| Based on Xandros 3.0 Standard Edition. DVD burning is disabled and CD burning is restricted to a maximum speed of 4X.
|}

===Knoppix-based===
[[File:Knoppix family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Knoppix family tree]]
[[Knoppix]], itself, is based on Debian.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Distribution !! Description
|-
| [[Feather Linux]]
| It boots from either a CD or a [[USB flash drive]]. Uses [[Knoppix]]-based hardware detection and the [[Fluxbox]] window manager.
|-
| [[Damn Small Linux]]
| It is designed to be a small distro designed to run on older hardware. It is commonly used on virtual machines due to low memory requirements.
|-
| [[Hikarunix]]
| A distribution solely for studying and playing the game of [[Go (board game)|Go]]. Based on Damn Small Linux.
|-
| [[Kaella]]
| The French translation of Knoppix.
|-
| [[Musix GNU/Linux]]
| A [[Knoppix]]/[[Debian]] based distribution, intended for music production, graphic design, audio, video editing, and other tasks. It is built with only [[free software]].
|}
|}


===Ubuntu-based===
===Ubuntu-based===
[[File:Ubuntu family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Ubuntu family tree]]
[[File:UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|upright|Ubuntu family tree]]
[[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] is a distribution based on [[Debian]].
[[Ubuntu]] (named after the [[Nguni people|Nguni]] philosophy of ''[[Ubuntu philosophy|ubuntu]]'') is a distribution based on Debian, designed to have regular releases, a consistent user experience and commercial support on both desktops and servers.


==== Current official derivatives ====
====Official distributions====
These Ubuntu variants simply install a set of packages different from the original Ubuntu, but since they draw additional packages and updates from the same repositories as Ubuntu, all of the same software is available for each of them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/derivatives |title=About Ubuntu Derivatives |work=[[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] |accessdate=August 19, 2012 }}</ref>
These Ubuntu variants, also known as Ubuntu flavours, simply install a set of packages different from the original Ubuntu, but since they draw additional packages and updates from the same repositories as Ubuntu, all of the same software is available for each of them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/derivatives |title=About Ubuntu Derivatives |work=[[Ubuntu]] |access-date=August 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814130011/http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/derivatives |archive-date=August 14, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ubuntu.com/desktop/flavours|title=Ubuntu flavours &#124; Ubuntu|access-date=2022-11-30|archive-date=2022-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704094919/https://ubuntu.com/desktop/flavours|url-status=live}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[Edubuntu]]
| [[Edubuntu]]
| A complete Linux-based operating system targeted for [[Primary education|primary]] and [[secondary education]]. It is freely available with community based support. The Edubuntu community is built on the ideas enshrined in the Edubuntu Manifesto: that software, especially for education, should be available [[Gratis versus Libre|free of charge]] and that software tools should be usable by people in their local language and despite any disabilities. Since version 8.04, Edubuntu has now been named '''Ubuntu Education Edition''' and has been made as an add-on for the Ubuntu operating system.
| A complete Linux based operating system that was targeted for [[primary education|primary]] and [[secondary education]]. Outdated versions are freely available with community-based support. The Edubuntu community is built on the ideas enshrined in the Edubuntu Manifesto: that software, especially for education, should be available [[Gratis versus Libre|free of charge]] and that software tools should be usable by people in their local language and despite any disabilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edubuntu |url=https://www.edubuntu.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930020906/https://www.edubuntu.org/ |archive-date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2005-10-15 |website=www.edubuntu.org}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Kubuntu]]
| [[Kubuntu]]
| An official derivative of Ubuntu using [[KDE]] instead of the [[GNOME]] or Unity interfaces used by default in Ubuntu.
| An official derivative of Ubuntu Linux using [[KDE]] instead of the [[GNOME]] (or Unity) desktop environment used by default in Ubuntu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kubuntu - Friendly Computing |url=https://www.kubuntu.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008075614/https://www.kubuntu.org/ |archive-date=2024-10-08 |access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Lubuntu]]
| [[Lubuntu]]
| Lubuntu is a project that is an official derivative of the [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] [[operating system]] that is "lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient", using the [[LXDE]] [[desktop environment]].<ref name="Distrowatch11May09">{{cite web|url = http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news|title = Another day, another Ubuntu derivative.|accessdate = 2009-05-21|last = Smart|first = Chris|authorlink = |year = 2009|month = May}}</ref><ref name="LXDEBlog">{{cite web|url = http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208|title =Lubuntu? LXDE Meet up with Mark Shuttleworth in Berlin|accessdate = 2009-05-21|last = [[LXDE]]|authorlink = |year = 2009|month = February}}</ref> Requires cmov instruction capable processor to run (not all older machines support this).
| An official derivative of the [[Ubuntu]] [[operating system]] that is "lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient", using the [[LXQt]] [[desktop environment]] (used [[LXDE]] before 18.10).<ref name="Distrowatch11May09">{{cite web|url = http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news|title = Another day, another Ubuntu derivative.|access-date = 2009-05-21|last = Smart|first = Chris|date = May 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120121065012/http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news|archive-date = 2012-01-21|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="LXDEBlog">{{cite web|url = http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208|title = Lubuntu? LXDE Meet up with Mark Shuttleworth in Berlin|access-date = 2009-05-21|last = [[LXDE]]|date = February 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015352/http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208|archive-date = 2012-02-24|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lubuntu.net/|title=lubuntu|website=lubuntu|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221225231/https://lubuntu.net/|archive-date=2018-12-21|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu Budgie]]
|[[Mythbuntu]]|| Based on Ubuntu and [[MythTV]], providing applications for recording TV and acting as a media center.
| An official derivative of Ubuntu using [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]].
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu for Android]]
|[[Ubuntu Cinnamon]]
|An official derivative of Ubuntu using the [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon]] desktop environment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=2023-03-28 |title=Ubuntu Cinnamon Now Official Ubuntu Flavour |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2023/03/ubuntu-cinnamon-new-official-flavor |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=OMG! Ubuntu! |language=en-GB}}</ref>
| Designed for use with [[Android (operating system)|Android]] phones
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu JeOS]]
| [[Ubuntu Kylin]]
| An official derivative aimed at the Chinese market.
| "Just Enough OS" - described as "an efficient variant [...] configured specifically for [[virtual appliance]]s".
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu Mobile]]
| [[Ubuntu MATE]]
| An official derivative of Ubuntu using [[MATE (software)|MATE]], a desktop environment forked from the now-defunct GNOME 2 code base, with an emphasis on the [[desktop metaphor]].<ref name="Sneddon01Mar15">{{cite news|url = http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor|title = Ubuntu 15.04 Beta Available to Download, Ubuntu MATE Is Now An Official Flavor|access-date = 1 March 2015|last = Sneddon|first = Joey|date = 1 March 2015|work = OMG Ubuntu|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150317051604/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor|archive-date = 17 March 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
| An embedded operating system designed for use on [[mobile device]]s. The operating system will use [[Hildon]] from [[maemo]] as its [[Graphical user interface|graphical frontend]].
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu Server]]
| [[Ubuntu Netbook Edition]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13580_3-9950552-39.html|title=Ubuntu to announce its mobile Linux in June}}</ref>
| An official derivative made for use in servers & [[IBM mainframe]]s. Ubuntu Server handles mail, controls printers, acts as a fileserver, can host [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] and more.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ubuntu.com/server|title=Ubuntu Server - for scale out workloads - Ubuntu|website=www.ubuntu.com|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223192409/https://www.ubuntu.com/server|archive-date=2018-12-23|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Released in 2008, Netbook Edition is an official derivative of Ubuntu designed for [[netbook]]s using the [[Intel Atom]] processor. Starting from [[Ubuntu 11.04]], Ubuntu Netbook Edition has been merged into the desktop edition.
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu Server Edition]]
| [[Ubuntu Studio]]
| Based on Ubuntu, providing open-source applications for [[multimedia]] creation aimed at the audio, video and graphic editors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ubuntustudio.org/|title=Ubuntu Studio|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307102013/http://ubuntustudio.org/|archive-date=2013-03-07|url-status=live}}</ref>
| An official derivative made for use in servers. Ubuntu Server handles mail, controls printers, acts as a fileserver, can host [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] and more.
|-
|-
|[[Ubuntu Unity]]
|[[Ubuntu Studio]]|| Based on Ubuntu, providing open-source applications for multimedia creation aimed at the audio, video and graphic editors.
|An official derivative of Ubuntu using the [[Unity (user interface)|Unity]] desktop environment.<ref name="Evangelho12May20">{{cite web |last=Evangelho |first=Jason |date=12 May 2020 |title=A Surprising New Remix Of Ubuntu 20.04 Brings Unity Back To Life |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2020/05/12/a-surprising-new-remix-of-ubuntu-2004-revives-the-unity-desktop/#1634f35c275b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200620203216/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2020/05/12/a-surprising-new-remix-of-ubuntu-2004-revives-the-unity-desktop/%235fae9b1d275b |archive-date=20 June 2020 |access-date=20 June 2020 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ubuntu Unity Becoming An Official Flavor With 22.10 Release |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=www.phoronix.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022000933/https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Ubuntu TV]]
| Designed for use with TVs
|-
|-
| [[Xubuntu]]
| [[Xubuntu]]
| An official derivative of Ubuntu using [[Xfce]]. Xubuntu is intended for use on less-powerful computers or those who seek a highly efficient desktop environment on faster systems, and uses mostly [[GTK+]] applications.
| An official derivative of Ubuntu using [[Xfce]]. Xubuntu is intended for use on less-powerful computers or those who seek a highly efficient desktop environment on faster systems, and uses mostly [[GTK]] applications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://xubuntu.org/|title=Xubuntu|website=xubuntu.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084929/https://xubuntu.org/|archive-date=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
|}


==== Discontinued official derivatives ====
====Third-party distributions {{anchor|Unofficial distributions}} ====
{| class="wikitable"
Unofficial variants and derivatives are not controlled or guided by [[Canonical Ltd.]] and generally have different goals in mind:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!Distribution!!Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[Gobuntu]]
| [[Aurora (operating system)|Aurora]]|| Specifically for the Eee PC range of netbooks, based on Debian. Previously named Eeebuntu and based on Ubuntu.
| Gobuntu was an official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system, aiming to provide a distribution consisting entirely of [[free software]]. It was officially announced by Mark Shuttleworth on July 10, 2007, and daily builds of Gobuntu 7.10 began to be publicly released. The project ended around the release of 8.04 and has since merged into mainline Ubuntu as a 'free software' option.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Gobuntu|title=Gobuntu - Ubuntu Wiki|website=wiki.ubuntu.com|access-date=2012-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728113739/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Gobuntu|archive-date=2012-07-28|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Mythbuntu]]
| [[Beowulf (computing)#Operating systems|ABC GNU/Linux]]|| An Ubuntu-based distribution for building Beowulf clusters
| Based on Ubuntu and [[MythTV]], providing applications for recording TV and acting as a media center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mythbuntu.org/|title=Mythbuntu|website=www.mythbuntu.org|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130183937/http://mythbuntu.org/|archive-date=2012-11-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 4 November 2016 the development team announced the end of Mythbuntu as a separate distribution, citing insufficient developers.
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu GNOME]]
| [[Asturix]]|| Ubuntu-based distribution dedicated to novel people in linux.
| Formerly an official Ubuntu variant,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ubuntugnome.org/ubuntu-gnome-approved-as-an-official-flavour/|title=Ubuntu GNOME approved as official flavour - Ubuntu GNOME|last=Tim|date=11 March 2013 |access-date=2013-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602084155/http://ubuntugnome.org/ubuntu-gnome-approved-as-an-official-flavour/|archive-date=2013-06-02|url-status=live}}</ref> but since the main Ubuntu 17.10, which uses [[GNOME Shell]] as its default desktop and GDM as its display manager, this distro has been merged into mainline releases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ubuntugnome.org/|title=Ubuntu GNOME - An official flavor of Ubuntu, featuring the GNOME desktop environment.|access-date=2013-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606112502/http://ubuntugnome.org/|archive-date=2013-06-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu JeOS]]
| [[Baltix]]||Ubuntu-based distribution for Lithuanian and Latvian people. Supported languages are Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, Russian, English, Norwegian and other around Baltic region. Main language is Lithuanian.
| "Just Enough OS" – was described as "an efficient variant [...] configured specifically for [[virtual appliance]]s".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://help.ubuntu.com/community/JeOS|title=JeOS - Community Help Wiki|website=help.ubuntu.com|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023003610/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/JeOS|archive-date=2012-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> Since the release of Ubuntu 8.10 it has been included as an option as part of the standard Ubuntu Server Edition.
|-
|-
| [[BackBox]]
| [[Ubuntu Mobile]]
| An embedded operating system designed for use on [[mobile device]]s. The operating system will use [[Hildon]] from [[maemo]] as its [[Graphical user interface|graphical frontend]]. [[Ubuntu Touch]] is a successor to Ubuntu Mobile.
| BackBox is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. It has been developed to perform penetration tests and security assessments. Designed to be fast, easy to use and provide a minimal yet complete desktop environment, thanks to its own software repositories, always being updated to the latest stable version of the most used and best known ethical hacking tools.
|-
|-
| [[BackTrack]]
| [[Ubuntu Netbook Edition]]
| Netbook Edition was an official derivative of Ubuntu designed for [[netbook]]s using the [[Intel Atom]] processor. Starting from [[Ubuntu version history#1104|Ubuntu 11.04]], Ubuntu Netbook Edition has been merged into the desktop edition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13580_3-9950552-39.html|title=Ubuntu to announce its mobile Linux in June|access-date=2009-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905053516/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13580_3-9950552-39.html|archive-date=2008-09-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Developed by Offensive Security and designed for penetration testing.
|-
|-
| [[Ubuntu TV]]
| [[BlankOn]]||Ubuntu-based distribution for users in Indonesia.
| Designed for use with [[Smart TV|TVs]].<ref>[http://www.ubuntu.com/devices/tv Ubuntu TV website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127205500/http://www.ubuntu.com/devices/tv |date=2012-11-27 }}</ref>
|}

==== Unofficial derivatives ====
Unofficial variants and derivatives are not controlled or guided by [[Canonical Ltd.]] and generally have different goals in mind.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
| [[Buildix]]||An Ubuntu-based Linux distribution, developed by Global IT professional services firm, [[ThoughtWorks]]. For agile developers.
|-
|-
| [[BackBox]]
| [[Bodhi Linux]]||An Ubuntu-based Linux distribution featuring the [[Enlightenment (window manager)|Enlightenment]] window manager and targeting users who want minimum of preinstalled software or low system requirements.
| BackBox is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. It has been developed to perform penetration tests and security assessments. Designed to be fast, easy to use and provide a minimal yet complete desktop environment, thanks to its own software repositories, always being updated to the latest stable version of the most used and best known ethical hacking tools.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.backbox.org/|title=Homepage|website=BackBox.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074209/https://www.backbox.org/|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Bodhi Linux]]
<!--
| An Ubuntu-based Linux distribution featuring the Moksha Desktop environment and targeting users who want a minimum of preinstalled software or low system requirements.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bodhilinux.com/|title=Welcome|date=10 August 2014|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215131915/https://www.bodhilinux.com/|archive-date=15 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Chromium OS is NOT based on Ubuntu. The cited links say nothing about it and Google Chrome OS is based on Gentoo.
-->
|-
|[[Cub Linux]]
<!--
|Ubuntu-based distribution designed to mimic the desktop appearance and functionality of ChromeOS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linux.com/learn/which-linux-chrome-os-clone-right-you|title=Which Linux Chrome OS Clone is Right For You?|date=17 July 2015|website=Linux.com - The source for Linux information|access-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715210632/https://www.linux.com/learn/which-linux-chrome-os-clone-right-you|archive-date=15 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/82107.html|title=Chromixium Adds Polish to Chrome - Reviews - LinuxInsider|website=www.linuxinsider.com|date=29 May 2015 |access-date=2018-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235535/https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/82107.html|archive-date=2018-07-15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/83878.html|title=Cub Linux Is a Worthy Chromixium Offspring - Reviews - LinuxInsider|website=www.linuxinsider.com|date=9 September 2016 |access-date=2018-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715210737/https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/83878.html|archive-date=2018-07-15|url-status=live}}</ref>
Canaima is based on Debian, not Ubuntu, according to their website.
-->
|-
|-
| [[dyne:bolic]]
| [[dyne:bolic]]
| [[Live CD]] geared toward multimedia (audio and video) production, but comes with other non-media specific application (e.g.: word processor, desktop publisher).
| [[Live CD]] geared toward multimedia (audio and video) production, but comes with other non-media specific application (e.g. word processor, desktop publisher)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dynebolic.org/ |title=dyne:bolic website |access-date=2012-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710002857/http://www.dynebolic.org/ |archive-date=2009-07-10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[EasyPeasy]]
|[[Linux Deepin]]||a distribution tailored for Chinese language users that includes preconfigured Chinese applications.
| Fork of Ubuntu designed for netbooks<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geteasypeasy.com/ |title=EasyPeasy website |access-date=2012-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126083716/http://www.geteasypeasy.com/ |archive-date=2012-11-26 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Eeebuntu OS|Eeebuntu]]
| [[EasyPeasy]]|| Fork of Ubuntu designed for netbooks
| Specifically for the Eee PC range of netbooks, based on Debian. Also rebranded as Aurora OS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://auroraos.org/ |title=Aurora website |access-date=2012-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630075322/http://www.auroraos.org/ |archive-date=2010-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Element OS]]
| [[Element OS]]
| Based on [[Xubuntu]], made for [[Home theater PC]]s
| Based on [[Xubuntu]], made for [[Home theater PC]]s<ref>[http://www.elementmypc.com/main/index.php Element OS website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121042717/http://www.elementmypc.com/main/index.php |date=November 21, 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Elive]]
| [[Fluxbuntu]]||Light-weight and featuring the [[Fluxbox]] window manager
| A [[light-weight Linux distribution]] featuring the [[Enlightenment_(software)|Enlightenment]] desktop, designed to be simple and suitable for new Linux users who want a fully functional environment.
|-
|-
| [[elementary (operating system)|elementary OS]]
| [[gNewSense]] ||Designed for users who wish to use only [[free software]]. It is officially sponsored and recommended by the [[Free Software Foundation]]. The project has also produced a set of scripts that allow anyone to create a free distribution. In 2011, gNewSense will be based on Debian and no longer on Ubuntu.
| A distribution focusing mainly on non-technical users, has a [[pay what you want]] model.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elementary.io/|title=The fast, open, and privacy-respecting replacement for Windows and macOS ⋅ elementary OS|first=elementary|last=Inc|website=elementary.io|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224043337/https://elementary.io/|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Gobuntu]]
| [[Emmabuntüs]]
| Based on [[Xubuntu]] designed to facilitate the repacking of computers donated to [[Emmaus (charity)|Emmaüs]] Communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://emmabuntus.sourceforge.io/mediawiki/index.php/Emmabuntus:Community_portal/en|title=Emmabuntus:Community portal/en - Emmabuntus|website=emmabuntus.sourceforge.io|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074044/https://emmabuntus.sourceforge.io/mediawiki/index.php/Emmabuntus:Community_portal/en|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Gobuntu was an official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system, aiming to provide a distribution consisting entirely of [[free software]]. It was officially announced by Mark Shuttleworth on July 10, 2007, and daily builds of Gobuntu 7.10 began to be publicly released. The project ended around the release of 8.04 and has since merged into mainline Ubuntu as a 'free software' option.
|-
|-
|[[GalliumOS]]
| [[Goobuntu]] ||An Ubuntu-based distribution used internally by [[Google]]. Not available outside of [[Google]].
|A Linux distribution for ChromeOS devices by the community-supported GalliumOS project. Gallium is based on [[Xubuntu]] and maintains compatibility with the [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] repositories.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3004051/galliumos-beta-released-for-chromebooks-and-chromeboxes.html|title=GalliumOS Linux beta released for Chromebooks and Chromeboxes|last=Lynch|first=Jim|date=2015-11-12|website=InfoWorld|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2019-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323032856/https://www.infoworld.com/article/3004051/galliumos-beta-released-for-chromebooks-and-chromeboxes.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[GendBuntu]]
| [[gOS (operating system)|gOS]]||Uses the GNOME desktop environment with user interface enhancements to make it work more like [[Mac OS X]], it also features [[Google Apps]], [[Picasa]], [[Google Gadgets]] and other web-based applications, and comes with [[Wine (software)|Wine 1.0]] pre-installed
| A version adapted for use by [[France]]'s [[National Gendarmerie]].
|-
|-
| [[Goobuntu]]
| [[Guadalinex]]|| Ubuntu-based distribution promoted by the local government of [[Andalucia]], Spain, for home users and schools.
| An Ubuntu-based distribution that was used internally by [[Google]] (until changing to non-Ubuntu, Debian-based [[GLinux]]); not available outside of Google
|-
|-
| [[gOS (operating system)|gOS]]
| [[Hiweed]] || Chinese Linux distribution, based on Ubuntu. Its features include preconfigured Chinese applications, such as Chinese (simplified) input method, Chinese-English and English-Chinese dictionaries, and Chinese (simplified) true-type fonts.
| Used the GNOME desktop environment with user interface enhancements to make it work more like [[Mac OS X]], it also featured [[Google Apps]], [[Picasa]], [[Google Gadgets]] and other web-based applications, and came with [[Wine (software)|Wine 1.0]] pre-installed. Now discontinued.
|-
|-
| [[Joli OS]]
| [[Joli OS]]
| Joli OS (formely named Jolicloud) is in development and Pre-beta testing. Joli OS is built upon Debian and Ubuntu 9.10, but is tweaked to be more suitable for computers that have weaker specifications in terms of disk storage, memory and screen size. It is designed to run on relatively low-powered netbook computers.
| Joli OS (formerly named Jolicloud) is in development and Pre-beta testing. Joli OS is built upon Debian and Ubuntu 9.10, but is tweaked to be more suitable for computers that have weaker specifications in terms of disk storage, memory and screen size. It is designed to run on relatively low-powered netbook computers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jolicloud.com/|title=Jolicloud|last=Jolicloud|website=Jolicloud|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221100048/http://www.jolicloud.com/|archive-date=2011-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Karoshi (operating system)|Karoshi]]
| [[Mobile Internet Experience|HP Mi]]|| Based on Ubuntu 8.04 LTS, designed by Canonical and HP for use on the HP Mini 1000 and 110 series netbooks.<ref name="Brown 2008, HP Linux">{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/HP-netbook-boasts-homegrown-Linux-distro/|title=HP netbook boasts homegrown Linux distro|last=Brown|first=Eric|date=2008-10-29 |work=LinuxDevices.com|publisher=[[Ziff Davis|Ziff Davis Enterprise Holdings Inc.]]|accessdate=2009-07-12}}</ref>
| A formerly [[PCLinuxOS]]-based distribution designed for use in schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxschools.com/forum/index-main.php|title=Linux Schools - Linux Schools|website=www.linuxschools.com|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208000929/https://www.linuxschools.com/forum/index-main.php|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[KDE neon]]
| [[Impi Linux]] ||[[South Africa]]n and focuses on the enterprise and government sector.
| Focused on the development of KDE. The emphasis is on [[bleeding edge]] [[software suite|software packages]] sourced directly from [[KDE]] and offers [[programmers]] early access to new [[feature (software design)|features]], but potentially at the cost of greater susceptibility to [[software bugs]].<ref name="networkworld1">{{cite web|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/948000/kdes-new-linux-distro-terrible-idea-or-simply-a-huge-mistake.html|title=KDE's new Linux distro KDE Neon: Terrible idea, or simply a mistake?|first=Bryan|last=Lunduke|date=10 February 2016|access-date=2019-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426190330/https://www.networkworld.com/article/948000/kdes-new-linux-distro-terrible-idea-or-simply-a-huge-mistake.html|archive-date=2024-04-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[LiMux]]
| [[Karoshi (operating system)|Karoshi]] || A formerly [[PCLinuxOS]]-based distribution designed for use in schools.
| A project by the city council of [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
|-
|-
|[[Linux Caixa Mágica]]
| [[Kuki Linux]] || Lightweight Ubuntu-based Linux distribution founded by João Ferro, built to be a replacement for the [[Linpus Linux Lite]] distribution on the [[Acer Aspire One]].
|[[Portugal|Portuguese]] Linux distribution.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: Linux Caixa Mágica |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=caixamagica |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=distrowatch.com}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Leeenux Linux]]
| [[Linux Lite]]
| The purpose of Linux Lite is to introduce [[Windows]] users to [[Linux]], and provide them with a comfortable and useful user experience. It is designed to be simple and suitable for new [[Linux]] users who want a lightweight, highly responsive, and fully functional environment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxliteos.com/|title=Linux Lite Easy to Use Free Linux Operating System|website=www.linuxliteos.com|access-date=2016-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326101458/https://www.linuxliteos.com/|archive-date=2016-03-26|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Based on Ubuntu, for Asus Eee PC with 7" screen
|-
|-
| [[Linux Mint]]
| [[Linux Mint]]|| Linux Mint synchronizes its release-cycle with Ubuntu's, and is tailored to user-friendliness for desktop users. Also features a Debian-based edition.
| Linux Mint synchronizes its release-cycle with Ubuntu's long-term support, and is tailored to user-friendliness for desktop users.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://linuxmint.com/|title=Main Page - Linux Mint|first=Carlos Porto of Design|last=Drifter|website=linuxmint.com|access-date=2012-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130234754/http://www.linuxmint.com/|archive-date=2012-11-30|url-status=live}}</ref> Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) is Mint's Debian stable based version. Its purpose is to use Debian base packages/kernel under the hood should Ubuntu ever disappear. It's also used by Mint developers to develop their Cinnamon desktop.
|-
|-
| [[LinuxMCE]]
| [[LinuxMCE]] (Linux Media Center Edition)|| Kubuntu based distribution that provides in-depth HTPC functionality as well as home automation.
| ''Linux Media Center Edition'', a Kubuntu-based distribution that provides in-depth HTPC functionality as well as home automation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxmce.com/|title=Home: LinuxMCE home automation|website=www.linuxmce.com|access-date=2012-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203081628/http://www.linuxmce.com/|archive-date=2012-12-03|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[LinuxTLE]]|| A Thai Linux distribution.
| [[LinuxTLE]]
| A Thai Linux distribution. Not maintained.<ref>[http://www.opentle.org/ LinuxTLE website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050913194804/http://www.opentle.org/ |date=2005-09-13 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[LliureX]]|| A distribution by the [[Generalitat Valenciana]]
| [[LliureX]]
| A distribution by the [[Generalitat Valenciana]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Mestre a casa - - LliureX - LliureX |url=https://mestreacasa.gva.es/web/lliurex/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607101833/http://mestreacasa.gva.es/web/lliurex/ |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=mestreacasa.gva.es}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[LXLE Linux]]
| [[LOUD]] (LCSEE Optimized Ubuntu Distribution)||An Ubuntu distribution used at [[West Virginia University]]. It contains several specialized educational packages as well as its own themes and login manager.
| A [[light-weight Linux distribution]] based on Lubuntu, using the [[LXDE]] desktop environment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lxle.net/|title=LXLE website|access-date=2021-10-30|archive-date=2013-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317023400/https://lxle.net/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[MAX (operating system)|MAX]]||Stands for '''MA'''drid Linu'''X'''.
| [[MAX (operating system)|MAX]]
| Stands for MAdrid LinuX. Used in education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educa2.madrid.org/web/max|title=MAX website|access-date=2012-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527003238/http://www.educa2.madrid.org/web/max|archive-date=2010-05-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Maya (operating system)|Maya OS]]
| [[Molinux]] ||Ubuntu based initiative to introduce the [[Castile-La Mancha]] community in Spain to the information society.
|A distribution developed by [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Indian Ministry of Defence]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2023-08-08 |title=India Defence Ministry to replace Microsoft OS with Maya |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/defence-ministry-to-replace-microsoft-os-with-maya/article67172875.ece |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Molinux]]
| [[Moon OS]] ||Moon OS uses the Enlightenment [[window manager]] and also has an LXDE version, and is based on the LTS release.
| Ubuntu based initiative to introduce the [[Castile-La Mancha]] community in Spain to the information society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bilib.es/molinux/|title=Molinux website|access-date=2013-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425113826/http://www.bilib.es/molinux/|archive-date=2013-04-25|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Netrunner (operating system)|Netrunner]]
| Kubuntu based distribution with complete software and codecs installed, developed by [[Blue Systems]] (also sponsoring Kubuntu and LinuxMintKDE).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.netrunner.com/|title=Netrunner|website=Netrunner|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127151653/https://www.netrunner.com/|archive-date=2018-11-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Nova (operating system)|Nova]]
| [[Nova (operating system)|Nova]]
| [[Cuba]]n state-sponsored distribution developed at the [[University of Information Science]], [[Havana]]. Formerly based on Gentoo.
| [[Cuba]]n state-sponsored distribution developed at the [[University of Information Science]], [[Havana]]. Formerly based on Gentoo.
|-
|-
| [[OpenGEU]]
| [[Netrunner (operating system)|Netrunner]]
| Ubuntu based distribution with Enlightenment window manager, previously known as Geubuntu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://launchpad.net/opengeu|title=OpenGEU in Launchpad|website=launchpad.net|date=19 September 2008 |access-date=2013-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522040602/https://launchpad.net/opengeu|archive-date=2013-05-22|url-status=live}}</ref>
| A (K)Ubuntu based distribution with KDE as desktop. Sponsored by Blue Systems (also sponsoring MintKDE).
|-
| [[nUbuntu]] (Network Ubuntu)||Based on Ubuntu. Available as a [[Live CD]] and Full Install with tools needed for [[Penetration test|penetration-testing]] servers and networks.
|-
| [[OpenGEU]]|| Ubuntu based distribution with Enlightenment window manager, previously known as Geubuntu.
|-
| [[PC/OS]]
| Its primary interface is Xfce but there is also a GNOME release available. There is also a release that is geared towards web centric applications.
|-
|-
| [[Peppermint OS]]
| [[Peppermint OS]]
| A light-weight LXDE distribution for [[cloud application]]s through [[Mozilla Prism]]. Based on [[Lubuntu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peppermintos.com/release-notes/|title=About Peppermint OS}}</ref>
| A light-weight LXDE distribution for [[cloud application]]s through its own Ice Framework using the Chromium Web Browser. Based on [[Lubuntu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peppermintos.com/release-notes/|title=About Peppermint OS|access-date=2010-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003095716/http://peppermintos.com/release-notes/|archive-date=2010-10-03|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Pinguy OS]]
| [[Pinguy OS]] ||An Ubuntu-based distro for people that have never used Linux before or for people that want an out-of-the-box working OS without having to tweak a fresh installation of Ubuntu or other Ubuntu-based distro.<ref>[http://www.pinguyos.com/ Pinguy OS Homepage]</ref>
| An Ubuntu-based distro for people that have never used Linux before or for people that want an out-of-the-box working OS without having to tweak a fresh installation of Ubuntu or other Ubuntu-based distro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinguyos.com/|title=Pinguy OS - Because using a computer is meant to be easy!|website=www.pinguyos.com|access-date=2011-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216144740/http://www.pinguyos.com/|archive-date=2011-12-16|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Pop!_OS]]
| [[Poseidon Linux]] ||For academic and scientific use. Based on Ubuntu, but enhanced by e.g. GIS/maps, numerical modelling, 2D/3D/4D visualization, statistics, tools for creating simple and complex graphics, programming languages.
| An Ubuntu-based distro developed by [[System76]] predominantly for use on hardware that they manufacture.
|-
|-
| [[Poseidon Linux]]
| [[Linux for PlayStation 3|PSUbuntu]]|| Ubuntu distribution intended for the PlayStation 3.
| For academic and scientific use. Based on Ubuntu, but enhanced by GIS/maps, numerical modelling, 2D/3D/4D visualization, statistics, tools for creating simple and complex graphics, programming languages.
|-
|-
| [[puredyne]]
| [[Sabily]]
| Ubuntu based distribution for Muslims (formerly Ubuntu Muslim Edition)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sabily.org/website/ |title=Sabily website |access-date=2013-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729223804/http://www.sabily.org/website/ |archive-date=2018-07-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unmaintained
|puredyne is a [[live distro]] developed to provide media artists with a complete set of tools for realtime audio and video processing.
|-
|-
| [[SuperGamer]]
| [[Qimo 4 Kids]]|| educational games for children aged 3 and up. Ubuntu-based with easy to use interface.
| A [[Live DVD]] distribution focused on [[Linux gaming|gaming]] formerly based on [[VectorLinux]].
|-
|-
| [[Trisquel GNU/Linux]]
| [[Sabily]] ||Ubuntu based distribution for Muslims (formerly Ubuntu Muslim Edition).
| Fully [[Free software|free-software]] system without proprietary software or firmware and uses the [[Linux-libre]] kernel deblob script, based on Ubuntu LTS Releases<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en|title=Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!|website=trisquel.info|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074203/https://trisquel.info/en|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Spri]]
| [[UberStudent]]
| For higher education and advanced secondary students, those who teach them, and lifelong learners<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uberstudent.org/|title=UberStudent - Linux for Learners|website=www.uberstudent.org|access-date=2013-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602195451/http://uberstudent.org/|archive-date=2013-06-02|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Lightweight Ubuntu derivative replacing [[GNOME]] desktop environment with lightweight [[IceWM]] window manager. Designed for aging and low powered computer hardware. Evaporated by 2011
|-
|-
| [[Ututo]]
| [[Super OS]]||Aiming to provide an ‘out of the box’ experience, containing various enhancements over Ubuntu.
| Ututo UL ("Ubuntu-Libre") Distributes Simusol, a system to simulate Solar Energy projects, returned to the heart of the project. Discontinued.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ututo.org/en/|title=Ututo–Home|first=Diego|last=Saravia|work=ututo.org|access-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831091212/http://ututo.org/en/|archive-date=31 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Trisquel]]
| Fully [[free software]], based on Ubuntu.
|-
| [[TurnKey Linux Virtual Appliance Library]]||Open source project developing a family of free, Ubuntu-based appliances optimized for ease of use in server-type usage scenarios.
|-
| [[UberStudent]]|| For higher education and advanced secondary students, those who teach them, and lifelong learners.
|-
|-
| [[Vinux]]
| [[Vinux]]
| A Linux distribution designed for [[visual impairment|visually impaired]] users.
| A Linux distribution designed for [[visual impairment|visually impaired]] users<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vinuxproject.org/|title=Vinux website|access-date=2013-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720120346/http://vinuxproject.org/|archive-date=2013-07-20|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Wubuntu]]
| [[XBMC Live]]|| An embedded operating system with [[XBMC Media Center]] designed to make any computer into a dedicated [[Home theater PC|media center]] appliance.
| Former LinuxFX. Also known as "Windows Ubuntu". The distribution aims to imitate Microsoft operating system [[Windows 11]].<ref>{{Citation | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2020/07/10/ubuntu-based-linux-os-similar-to-windows-10/?sh=7669938221b9| title=Meet The Unique Linux OS That Looks Shockingly Similar To Windows 10| date= 2020-07-10| accessdate=2024-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wubuntu.org/|title=Wubuntu Official Web-site|first=|last=|work=wubuntu.org|access-date=21 July 2024| language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Zorin OS]]
| [[Ylmf OS]] || Based on Ubuntu and uses a Windows XP-like design.
| Zorin OS is a user-friendly distribution that can emulate [[Microsoft Windows]] or [[macOS]]. It is meant for users unfamiliar with Linux.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zorin OS - About |url=https://zorinos.com/about/ |website=Zorin OS |publisher=Zorin Group |access-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413024219/https://zorinos.com/about/ |archive-date=13 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

===Knoppix-based===
[[File:KnoppixFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|Knoppix family tree]]
[[Knoppix]] (a [[portmanteau]] of the surname ''Knopper'' from [[Klaus Knopper]] and [[Unix]]) itself is based on Debian. It is a live distribution, with automated hardware configuration and a wide choice of software, which is decompressed as it loads from the drive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://knoppix.net/wiki/Main_Page|title=Knoppix Documentation Wiki|website=knoppix.net|access-date=2012-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207162804/http://knoppix.net/wiki/Main_Page|archive-date=2012-12-07|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
| [[Zentyal]] || (Formely named eBox) Ubuntu Server with web based interface targeted at small business ; Router/Firewall and NAS/PDC
|-
|-
| [[Damn Small Linux]]
| [[ZevenOS]] || Similar to [[BeOS]], with some extra tools.
| A small Linux distro designed to run on older hardware. It is commonly used on [[virtual machine]]s due to low memory requirements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/|title=DSL information|website=www.damnsmalllinux.org|access-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930162042/http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/|archive-date=2018-09-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Feather Linux]]
| [[Zorin OS]] || A Ubuntu-based distribution that tries to have the same appearance as [[Microsoft Windows]] in order to make a change for beginners easier.
| Boots from either a CD or a [[USB flash drive]]. Uses [[Knoppix]]-based hardware detection and the [[Fluxbox]] window manager.<ref>[http://featherlinux.berlios.de/ Feather Linux website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050703012324/http://featherlinux.berlios.de/ |date=2005-07-03 }}</ref>
|}
|}


==Gentoo-based==
== Pacman-based ==
[[pacman (Arch Linux)|Pacman]] is a package manager that is capable of resolving dependencies and automatically downloading and installing all necessary packages. It is primarily developed and used by [[Arch Linux]] and its derivatives.
[[File:Gentoo family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Gentoo family tree]]
[[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]] is a distribution designed to have highly optimized and frequently updated software. Distributions based on Gentoo use the [[Portage (software)|Portage]] package management system with [[Portage (software)#Emerge|emerge]] or one of the alternative package managers.


=== Arch Linux-based ===
{| class="wikitable"
[[Arch Linux]] is an independently developed, x86-64 general-purpose Linux distribution that strives to provide the latest stable versions of most software by following a rolling-release model. The default installation is a minimal base system—configured by the user to only add what is purposely required.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
!Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[Calculate Linux]]
| [[Antergos]]
| Antergos is a discontinued Linux distribution based on Arch Linux.
| Calculate Linux is a family of distributions.
|-
|-
| [[funtoo]]
| [[Arch Linux ARM]]
| Port of Arch Linux for ARM processors.
| Based on Gentoo.
|-
|-
| [[Gentoox]]
| [[ArchBang]]
| Based on Arch Linux, but also provides Live CDs with working system and graphical installation scripts; uses [[I3 (window manager)|i3]] as default window manager.
| An adaptation of Gentoo for the [[Xbox]].
|-
|-
| [[Knopperdisk]]
| [[Artix Linux]]
| Based on Arch Linux, but using [[Dinit]], [[OpenRC]], [[Runit]], or [[s6 (software)|s6]] as [[init|init system]] instead of [[systemd]].
| A distribution aimed at USB sticks.
|-
|-
| [[Pentoo]]
| [[ArchLabs]]
| Based on Arch Linux, with a custom installer, offers many choices of desktop environments and window managers.
| Penetration-testing Live CD.
|-
|-
| [[Sabayon Linux]]
| [[BlackArch]]
| A cybersecurity-focused OS based on Arch Linux. It is designed to test security and run penetration tests. It includes window managers preconfigured, but no desktop environment.
| An installable Live DVD with multiple desktop environments. Like Gentoo, Sabayon uses the [[rolling release]] model; it uses a customized version of Red Hat's Anaconda Installer and includes a Media Center application.
|-
|-
| [[SystemRescueCD]]
| [[EndeavourOS]]
| Continuation of [[Antergos]], featuring a graphical installer capable of installing [[KDE Plasma]] (default, offline), [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]], [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon]], [[Deepin]], [[GNOME]], [[I3 (window manager)|i3]], [[Xfce]], [[LXQt]], and [[MATE (software)|MATE]].
| System rescue Live CD version of Gentoo.
|-
|-
| [[Tin Hat Linux]]
| [[Garuda Linux]]
| A distribution based on gaming.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://garudalinux.org/index.html | title=Garuda Linux Official website | access-date=2021-11-27 | archive-date=2020-10-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030170622/https://garudalinux.org/index.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
| Based on hardened Gentoo.
|-
|-
| [[Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre]]
| [[Ututo]]
| An Arch and Debian derivative without any [[binary blob|blobs]], without systemd support and with [[OpenRC]] as its default init system. Packages are built for i686 and x64. Unlike Arch, Hyperbola uses the long-term support model like Debian.
| Made in [[Argentina]].
|-
|-
| [[VidaLinux]]
| [[LinHES]]
| LinHES (Linux Home Entertainment Server) designed for use on home theater PCs (HTPCs), providing applications for recording TV and acting as a sound and video center.
| Uses [[Anaconda installer|Anaconda]] as its installer.
|-
|-
| [[Manjaro]]
| [[Chromium OS]]<ref name=chrome>{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/chromium-os/developer-guide|title=Chromium OS Developers Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2011}}</ref>
| Based on Arch Linux, using its own repositories and ships with either [[Xfce]], [[KDE Plasma 5|Plasma]], [[GNOME]], or the CLI as the default desktop environment. Additional community-driven editions are available that use [[MATE (software)|MATE]], [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon]], [[Openbox]], [[Awesome (window manager)|Awesome]], [[I3 (window manager)|i3]], BSPWM, or [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]] as a base.
| [[Google Chrome OS|Google's OS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/how-tos-and-troubleshooting/developer-faq|title=Chromium Project FAQ}}</ref> to be used on various [[tablet computer]]s as well as netbooks and nettops. It is primarily Internet-based, launching each app within the Chrome browser. The OS uses a user interface very similar-looking to the [[Chromium (web browser)|Chrome]] internet browser instead of [[GNOME]], [[KDE]], etc.
|-
| [[Parabola GNU/Linux-libre]]
| An Arch derivative without any [[binary blob|blobs]], plus various added packages. Packages are also built for ARMv7 in addition to i686 and x64. [[MATE (software)|MATE]] and text-mode distributions available.
|-
| [[SteamOS]]
| Arch-based and gaming-focused distribution developed by [[Valve Corporation|Valve]] and designed for the [[Steam (service)|Steam digital distribution platform]] and [[Steam Deck]]. Before version 3.0, was previously based on Debian.
|-
| [[SystemRescueCD|SystemRescue]]
| Linux System rescue toolkit. Previously based on Gentoo, it has been based on Arch Linux since version 6.0.0
|-
|-
| [[Google Chrome OS]]<ref name=chrome />
| Designed by Google. Available through submission of a pilot application, though source code and directions to manually build it (under the name "Chromium-Based OS") are available. The Cr-48 netbook-style prototype is now available for those interested in the pilot program. The company from which it was created is unknown, but uses intel processors. Both Chromium OS and Google Chrome OS are not directly based on Gentoo, but they use Gentoo's package managing system, [[portage (software)|portage]].<ref name=chrome />
|}
|}


==Pacman-based==
=== Other Pacman-based ===
{|class="wikitable"
[[File:Arch family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Arch family tree]]
[[Pacman (package manager)|Pacman]] is a package manager that is capable of resolving dependencies and automatically downloading and installing all necessary packages. In theory, a user need only run a single command to completely update the system.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
!Distribution !! Description
|-
| [[Arch Linux]]
| An [[i686]]- and [[x86-64]]-optimized distribution targeted at experienced users. Arch runs on a [[rolling release]] system and uses the [[Pacman (package manager)|pacman]] utility for package management.
|-
|-
| [[Chakra Linux]]
| [[Chakra Linux]]
| derived from Arch Linux, with the latest KDE desktop. For now uses the [[Pacman (package manager)|pacman]] utility for package management. Strives to be Qt-only.
|Originally derived from Arch Linux, with the latest [[KDE]]. For now uses the [[Pacman (software)|Pacman]] utility for package management. Strives to be Qt-only. Discontinued.<ref name="discontinued">{{cite web | title=Chakra project shutting down | publisher=DistroWatch | url=https://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=showheadline&story=14141 | access-date=2022-03-01 | archive-date=2020-11-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111210442/https://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=showheadline&story=14141 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[DeLi Linux]]
| A desktop based mini distribution with office suite, web browser and other graphical programs to run on a [[Intel 80486|486]]. Built from scratch with some influences from [[Slackware]] and [[CRUX]].
|-
|-
| [[Frugalware Linux]]
| [[Frugalware Linux]]
| A general purpose Linux distribution designed for intermediate users. Has some influences from Slackware, and uses a heavily modified version of the [[Pacman (package manager)|Pacman]] package manager, Pacman-G2, a fork of a [[Concurrent Versions System|cvs]] version of the complete rewrite of Pacman-G1 by Aurelien Foret (the old monolithic Pacman-G1 is written by [[Judd Vinet]]). The packages are [[tar (file format)|tar]] archives that are compressed using [[bzip2]].
|A general purpose Linux distribution designed for intermediate users. Has some influences from Slackware, and uses a heavily modified version of pacman, Pacman-G2, a fork of a [[Concurrent Versions System|cvs]] version of the complete rewrite of Pacman-G1 by Aurelien Foret (the old monolithic Pacman-G1 is written by [[Judd Vinet]]). The packages are [[tar (file format)|tar]] archives compressed using [[XZ Utils|xz]].<ref name="about">{{cite web | title=About Frugalware | work=Frugalware Stable Documentation | publisher=Frugalware Project | url=http://frugalware.org/docs/stable/about.html | access-date=2011-09-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927215050/http://frugalware.org/docs/stable/about.html | archive-date=2011-09-27 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[KnoppMyth]]
|[[KaOS]]
|An independent 64-bit only rolling-release Linux distribution inspired by Arch that features the latest KDE Plasma environment and the Qt toolkit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intro |url=https://kaosx.us/about/ |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=kaosx.us}}</ref>
| Based on Arch Linux and MythTV, providing applications for recording TV and acting as a sound and video center.
|-
| [[Parabola GNU/Linux]]
| Arch Linux without any proprietary software, plus various added packages. Packages are also built for mips64el in addition to i686 and x86_64.
|}
|}


==RPM-based==
==RPM-based==
[[File:Redhat family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Red Hat family tree]]
[[File:RedHatFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|upright|Red Hat family tree]]

[[Red Hat Linux]] and [[SUSE Linux distributions|SUSE Linux]] were the original major distributions that used the [[RPM Package Manager|RPM file format]], which is today used in several package management systems. Both of these later divided into commercial and community-supported distributions. Red Hat Linux divided into a community-supported distribution sponsored by [[Red Hat]] called [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]], and a commercially supported distribution called [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]].
[[Red Hat Linux]] and [[SUSE Linux]] were the original major distributions that used the [[.rpm]] file format, which today is used in several package management systems. Both of these were later divided into commercial and community-supported distributions. Red Hat Linux was divided into a community-supported but [[Red Hat]]-sponsored distribution named [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]], and a commercially supported distribution called [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]], whereas SUSE Linux was divided into [[openSUSE]] and [[SUSE Linux Enterprise]].

===Fedora-based===
[[File:FedoraFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|Fedora family tree]]
[[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]] is a community supported distribution. It aims to provide the latest software while maintaining a completely [[Free Software]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/objectives/|title=Current 12-18 Month Community Objectives :: Fedora Docs Site|website=docs.fedoraproject.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031747/https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/project/objectives/|archive-date=2018-12-16|url-status=live}}</ref>

====RHEL-based====
{{See also|Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives|Commercial products based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux}}
[[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] is a commercial open-source Linux distribution developed by [[Red Hat]] for the commercial market.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|[[AlmaLinux]]
| A 100% community owned and governed alternative [[CentOS]] as a [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] rebuild. Governed by the AlmaLinux OS Foundation.
|-
|-
| [[aLinux]]
| [[Asianux]]
| A Linux distribution co-developed between [[Red Flag Linux|Red Flag Software]] Co., Ltd., [[Miracle Linux]] Corp. and [[Haansoft]], INC., focused on Chinese, Japanese and Korean support.
| Formerly known as Peanut Linux
|-
|-
| [[ALT Linux]]
| [[ClearOS]]
| A Linux distribution designed for use in small and medium enterprises.
| Several distributions including Master, Compact, and Junior, Server, Terminal.
|-
|-
| [[Caldera OpenLinux]]
| [[Fermi Linux LTS]]
| Based on Scientific Linux.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=fermi|title=DistroWatch.com: Fermi Linux|website=distrowatch.com|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074145/https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=fermi|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
| A distribution originally introduced by [[Caldera (company)|Caldera]] and later developed by its subsidiary [[Caldera Systems]], the later [[Caldera International]], who bought SCO and then renamed into [[The SCO Group]] and no longer produces a Linux distribution. Last release: 3.1.1 - Jan. 30, 2002
|-
|-
| [[cAos Linux]]
| [[Miracle Linux]]
| A general purpose distribution. Designed to have low overhead, run on older hardware, and be easily customizable.
| A Linux distribution developed by Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd., aims to be compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
|-
|-
| [[Oracle Linux]]
| [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]]
| Supported by [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]]. Aims to be fully compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
| Community-supported distribution sponsored by [[Red Hat]]. It usually features cutting-edge Linux technologies.
|-
|-
| [[JOPUX]]
| [[Red Flag Linux]]
| JOPUX is a Linux distribution and family of free open source appliances, built on [[openSUSE]] and [[GNOME]].
| A Linux distribution developed in China and optimized for the Chinese market. Based on Asianux.
|-
|-
| [[Rocks Cluster Distribution]]
| [[Linkat]]
| A Linux distribution for building a High-Performance Computing computer cluster, with a recent release supporting Cloud computing. It is based on [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] but with extensions to support large multi-node heterogeneous systems for clusters (HPC), Cloud, and Data Warehousing (in development).
| A distribution promoted by the government of [[Catalonia]], Spain.
|-
|-
| [[Rocky Linux]]
| [[Lycoris (company)|Lycoris]] Desktop/LX
| A Linux distribution that is currently in development by the CentOS founder, Gregory Kurtzer, aims to be compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
|-
|-
| [[Mandriva Linux]]
| [[Scientific Linux]]
| A discontinued Linux distribution co-developed by [[Fermilab|Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]] and the [[CERN|European Organization for Nuclear Research]] (CERN), which aims to be compatible with and based on [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]].
| Easy to use system through its unique Control Center.
|-
| [[PCLinuxOS]]
| A [[rolling release]] Live CD distribution. Originally based on Mandrake 9.2. Later rebased on [[Mandriva Linux|Mandriva]] 2007.
|-
| [[Red Hat Linux]]
| Split into [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora Core]] and [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]. The last official release of the unsplit distribution was Red Hat Linux 9 in March 2003.
|-
| [[SUSE Linux distributions|SUSE Linux]]
|
::* [[openSUSE]] - A community-developed branch, sponsored by [[SUSE Linux Distributions|SUSE]]. It maintains a strict policy of ensuring all code in the standard installs will be from [[free software|Free/Libre/Open-Source Software]] solutions, including [[Linux]] kernel Modules. [[SUSE Linux Distributions|SUSE]]'s enterprise [[Linux]] products are all based on the codebase that comes out of the openSUSE project.
::* [[SUSE Linux Enterprise Server]] - A server-oriented Linux distribution supplied by [[SUSE Linux Distributions|SUSE]] and targeted at the business market.
::* [[SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop]] (previously branded [[Novell Linux Desktop]]) - A desktop-oriented Linux distribution supplied by [[SUSE Linux Distributions|SUSE]] and targeted at the enterprise market.
::* SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time - A specialized version of the SUSE distribution from [[SUSE Linux Distributions|SUSE]] designed to support low latency for time critical operations.
|-
|[[Turbolinux]]
| Based on Red Hat Linux.
|-
| [[Vine Linux]]
| A Japanese distribution based on Red Hat Linux.
|-
| [[YOPER]]
| A [[rolling release]] desktop distribution from [[New Zealand]] that focuses on optimizing system performance for workstation use.
|}
|}


===Fedora-based===
==== Other Fedora-based ====
[[File:Fedora family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Fedora family tree]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[Aurora SPARC Linux]]
|[[Asahi Linux]]
|Port of Linux to [[Apple silicon]]-powered [[Macintosh |Macs]].
| For Sun's SPARC architecture
|-
| [[Amazon Linux AMI|Amazon Linux 2]]
| Amazon Linux 2 is available as an [[Amazon Linux AMI|Amazon Machine Image (AMI)]] for use on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2). It is also available as a Docker container image and as a virtual machine image for use on Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), Oracle VM VirtualBox, Microsoft Hyper-V, and VMware ESXi
|-
|-
| [[Berry Linux]]
| [[Berry Linux]]
Line 507: Line 520:
|-
|-
| [[BLAG Linux and GNU]]
| [[BLAG Linux and GNU]]
| Fully [[free software]]
| A completely free software distribution.
|-
|-
| [[EduLinux]]
| [[CentOS|CentOS Stream]]
|Community-supported Linux distribution originally based on RHEL and well suited for servers. Now sponsored by [[Red Hat]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Karanbir|date=7 January 2014|title=[CentOS-announce] CentOS Project joins forces with Red Hat|url=https://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2014-January/020100.html|access-date=2020-08-09|archive-date=2014-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107225749/https://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2014-January/020100.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| For educational purposes
|-
|-
| [[EnGarde Secure Linux]]
| [[EnGarde Secure Linux]]
| Server-only distribution designed to be secure.<ref>[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=engarde DistroWatch.com: EnGarde Secure Linux]</ref>
| Server-only Linux distribution designed to be secure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=engarde|title=DistroWatch.com: EnGarde Secure Linux|website=distrowatch.com|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224074019/https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=engarde|archive-date=2018-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Fuduntu]]
| [[Fuduntu]]
Line 521: Line 534:
| Designed to cater the needs of Sri Lankan computer users who are unable to access Internet frequently, with many most-wanted applications built in.
| Designed to cater the needs of Sri Lankan computer users who are unable to access Internet frequently, with many most-wanted applications built in.
|-
|-
| [[Korora (operating system)|Korora]]
| [[K12LTSP]]
| A distribution for educational purpose. Comes with [[Linux Terminal Server Project|LTSP]] support.
|-
| [[Kororaa]]
| Initially aimed at easy installation of a Gentoo system by using install scripts instead of manual configuration. Now based on Fedora.
| Initially aimed at easy installation of a Gentoo system by using install scripts instead of manual configuration. Now based on Fedora.
|-
|-
| [[Linpus Linux]]
| [[Linpus Linux]]
| Focused on the Chinese market, along with Linpus Lite focused on the [[netbook]] market.
| Focused on the Chinese market, along with Linpus Lite focused on the [[netbook]] market.
|-
| [[Linux XP]]
| Fedora-based shareware distribution designed to imitate the Windows environment using [[GNOME]].
|-
| [[MeeGo]]
| Built by Intel and Nokia, intended for mobile phones (mainly [[Nokia N9]]) and tablets. It is based on Moblin together with Maemo.
|-
|-
| [[Moblin]]
| [[Moblin]]
| Built around the Intel Atom processor; supplanted by Meego when Intel and (temporarily) Nokia combined activities
| Built around the Intel Atom processor; supplanted by Meego when Intel and (temporarily) Nokia combined activities
|-
| [[MythDora]]
| Specialized distribution for easy setup of the MythTV PVR software, similar to KnoppMyth, based on Fedora.
|-
|-
| [[Network Security Toolkit]]
| [[Network Security Toolkit]]
| A Live CD/DVD with security and networking tools to perform routine security and networking diagnostic and monitoring tasks.
| A live CD/DVD with security and networking tools to perform routine security and networking diagnostic and monitoring tasks.
|-
|-
| [[Ojuba Linux]]
| [[Qubes OS]]
| Focused on providing the best Arabic support, as well as some Islamic tools such as Hijra (Hijri calendar) and Minbar (prayer time indicator).
| Focused on security for desktop users. Based on an "ancient" Fedora release which is said to be upgraded under [[YUM (software)|YUM]].
|-
|-
| [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]
| [[Red Star OS]]
| A North Korean Linux distribution developed at the Korea Computer Center (KCC). It is offered only in a Korean language edition, localized with North Korean terminology and spelling.
| [[Red Hat]]'s officially supported distribution. Meant for enterprise use.
|-
|-
| [[Russian Fedora Remix]]
| [[Russian Fedora Remix]]
| A remix of Fedora.
| A remix of Fedora.
|-
|-
| [[Synergy Linux]]
| [[Sailfish OS]]
| Built by Jolla, [[Sailfish OS]] is a 4th generation mobile Linux system ported to a line of Sony Xperia handsets, with community ports available to alternative devices.
| A KDE 4 based Disitribution without SELinux.<ref>[http://synergy-linux.com Synergy Linux]</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Sugar (software)#Sugar on a Stick|Sugar-on-a-Stick Linux]]
| [[Trustix]]
| An educational operating system, originally designed for the [[One Laptop per Child|One-Laptop-Per-Child project]].
| A distribution focused on security.<ref>[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=trustix DistroWatch.com: Trustix Secure Linux]</ref>
|-
| [[Xange]]
| Xange (formerly ''Simplis'', formerly ''Vixta'') is a distribution that tries to emulate the appearance of [[Windows Vista]]. It is based on [[KDE]].
|-
|-
| [[Yellow Dog Linux]]
| [[Yellow Dog Linux]]
Line 561: Line 571:
|}
|}


===Red Hat Enterprise Linux-based===
===openSUSE-based===
[[openSUSE]] is a community-developed Linux distribution, sponsored by [[SUSE Linux|SUSE]]. It maintains a strict policy of ensuring all code in the standard installs will be from [[free software|FOSS]] solutions, including [[Linux]] kernel Modules. [[SUSE Linux Enterprise|SUSE's enterprise Linux products]] are all based on the codebase that comes out of the openSUSE project.
{{See also|Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives|Commercial products based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[Asianux]]
|[[GeckoLinux]]
| A distribution co-developed between [[Red Flag Linux|Red Flag Software]] Co., Ltd., [[Miracle Linux]] Corp. and [[Haansoft]], INC., focused on Chinese, Japanese and Korean support.
|A distribution with a focus on polish and out-of-the-box desktop usability. It is available in ''Static'' and ''Rolling'' versions, based on openSUSE Leap and Tumbleweed.
|-
|-
|[[SUSE Linux Enterprise]]
| [[CentOS]]
| Comes in two variations. SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (previously branded Novell Linux Desktop) is a desktop-oriented Linux distribution supplied by [[SUSE S.A.|SUSE]] and targeted at the enterprise market. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server is a server-oriented Linux distribution targeted at the business market.
| Community-supported distribution that aims to be compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux without the inclusion of proprietary software.
|}

===Mandriva-based===
[[Mandriva Linux]] is open-source distribution (with exceptions), discontinued in 2011. The first release was named Mandrake Linux and based on Red Hat Linux (version 5.1) and [[KDE]] 1 in July 1998. It had since moved away from Red Hat's distribution and became a completely separate distribution. The name was changed to Mandriva, which included a number of original tools, mostly to ease system configuration. Mandriva Linux was the brainchild of [[Gaël Duval]], who wanted to focus on ease of use for new users. The last stable version was in 2011. Mandriva's developers moved to [[Mageia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/717273-the-elegant-mageia-linux-prepares-a-new-release |title=The Elegant Mageia Linux Prepares a New Release &#124; Linux.com |access-date=2014-11-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017202605/http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/717273-the-elegant-mageia-linux-prepares-a-new-release |archive-date=2014-10-17}}</ref> and [[OpenMandriva]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.mandriva.com/en/2012/05/17/mandriva-linux-will-return-to-the-community/ |url-status=dead |title=Mandriva SA official blog: Mandriva Linux will return to the community |date=17 May 2012 |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=[[Mandriva]] |archive-date=23 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523070604/https://blog.mandriva.com/en/2012/05/17/mandriva-linux-will-return-to-the-community/ }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
| [[ClearOS]]
| Small Business Server. File, Print, Messaging, UTM, VPN.
|-
|-
| [[Fermi Linux LTS]]
| [[Mageia]]
| A community Linux distribution initially forked from Mandriva Linux in response to the discontinuation of free versions of Mandriva Linux.
| Based on Scientific Linux.<ref>[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=fermi DistroWatch.com: Fermi Linux]</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Miracle Linux]]
| [[ROSA Linux]]
| A Russian distribution available in three different editions: ROSA Desktop Fresh, ROSA Enterprise Desktop and ROSA Enterprise Linux Server, with the latter two aiming at commercial users. Its desktop editions come bundled with [[proprietary software]] such as [[Adobe Flash Player]], multimedia [[codec]]s and [[Steam (service)|Steam]].
| Developed by Japanese software vendor Miracle Linux Co., Ltd
|-
|-
| [[Oracle Linux]]
| [[OpenMandriva]]
| A fork of Mandriva Linux by the OpenMandriva Association.
| Supported by [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]]. Aims to be fully compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
|}

=== Other RPM-based ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
| [[Red Flag Linux]]
| A distribution developed in China and optimized for the Chinese market. Based on Asianux.
|-
|-
|[[ALT Linux]]
| [[Rocks Cluster Distribution]]
|ALT Linux is a set of [[.rpm|RPM]]-based operating systems built on top of the Linux kernel and Sisyphus packages repository. ALT Linux has been developed collectively by ALT Linux Team developers community and ALT Linux Ltd.
| A distribution for building a High-Performance Computing computer cluster, with a recent release supporting Cloud computing. It is based on [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] but with extensions to support large multi-node heterogeneous systems for clusters (HPC), Cloud, and Data Warehousing (in development).
|-
|-
| [[Scientific Linux]]
| [[Caldera OpenLinux]]
| A Linux distribution originally introduced by [[Caldera (company)|Caldera]] and later developed by its subsidiary [[Caldera Systems]]. It was later developed by [[Caldera International]] (which bought SCO and was renamed [[The SCO Group]]). The distribution is no longer produced. Last release: 3.1.1 – Jan. 30, 2002
| A distribution co-developed by [[Fermilab|Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]] and the [[CERN|European Organization for Nuclear Research]] (CERN), which aims to be compatible with and based on [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]].
|-
|[[PCLinuxOS]]
|A [[rolling release]] Linux Live CD distribution. Originally based on Mandrake 9.2. Later rebased on [[Mandriva Linux|Mandriva]] 2007.
|-
| [[Red Hat Linux]]
| Split into [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora Core]] and [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]. The last official release of the unsplit distribution was Red Hat Linux 9 in March 2003.
|-
| [[SUSE Linux]]
| Split into [[openSUSE]] and [[SUSE Linux Enterprise]].
|-
| [[Think Blue Linux]]
| A port of Linux to IBM S/390 (later, zSeries) mainframe computers, done by the Millenux subsidiary of German company Thinking Objects Software GmbH. Discontinued in 2006.
|-
|-
| [[SME Server]]
| [[Turbolinux]]
| Originally based on Red Hat Linux.
| Based on CentOS and targeting Small and Medium Enterprises.
|-
|-
| [[TrixBox]]
|[[Vine Linux]]
|A Japanese distribution originally based on Red Hat Linux.
| A Voice Over IP (VoIP) distribution based on CentOS.
|}
|}


===Mandriva Linux-based===
==Gentoo-based==
{{main|List of Gentoo Linux derivatives}}
[[File:Mandriva family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Mandriva family tree]]
[[File:GentooFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|Gentoo family tree]]

[[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]] is a distribution designed to have highly optimized and frequently updated software.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/|title=About Gentoo – Gentoo Linux|website=www.gentoo.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221235233/https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/|archive-date=2018-12-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Distributions based on Gentoo use the [[Portage (software)|Portage]] package management system with [[Portage (software)#Emerge|emerge]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86?part=2&chap=1|title=Gentoo X86 Handbook - Gentoo Wiki|website=wiki.gentoo.org|access-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031154/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86?part=2&chap=1|archive-date=2018-12-16|url-status=live}}</ref> or one of the alternative package managers.

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[Annvix]]
| [[Calculate Linux]]
| Calculate Linux is a family of distributions.
| A security-focused server distribution. Originally based on [[Mandriva Linux|Mandrake 9.2]] but has diverged a lot. Discontinued.
|-
|-
| [[ChromeOS]]<ref name=chrome>{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/chromium-os/developer-guide|title=Chromium OS Developer Guide|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406123243/https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/dev/chromium-os/developer-guide|archive-date=April 6, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Mageia]]
| [[Google]]'s Linux-based operating system used on various [[Chromebook]]s, [[Chromebox]]es and [[tablet computer]]s. It is primarily Internet-based, launching each app within the [[Google Chrome|Chrome]] browser. The OS features a user interface that looks very similar to Chrome instead of [[GNOME]], [[Cinnamon (software)|Cinnamon]], [[LXQt]], [[Xfce]], etc.
| A community fork of Mandriva Linux
|-
|-
| [[Trinity Rescue Kit]]
| [[ChromiumOS]]
| Free and open-source version of ChromeOS.
| Aimed specifically at offline operations for Windows and Linux systems such as rescue, repair, password resets and disk cloning
|-
|-
| [[Unity Linux]]
| [[CLIP OS|Clip OS]]
| Created by [[Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information|ANSSI, the National Cybersecurity Agency of France]] and based on hardened Gentoo, it's aimed to secure sensitive information which meets the needs of the French Administration.
| Meant to be a base for custom distributions.
|-
| [[Container Linux by CoreOS|Container Linux]]
| Linux distribution by [[CoreOS]] designed for clustered and containerized deployments with update subscription
|-
| [[Pentoo]]
| Penetration-testing Live CD.
|-
| [[Sabayon Linux]]
| Discontinued Italian made Linux distribution based on Funtoo. It followed the "out of the box" philosophy, aiming to give the user a wide number of applications ready to use and a self-configured operating system. Like Gentoo, Sabayon used the [[rolling release]] model; it used a customized version of Red Hat's Anaconda Installer and included a Media Center application.
|}
|}


==Slackware-based==
==Slackware-based==
[[File:Slackware family tree 11-06.png|thumb|150px|Slackware family tree]]
[[File:SlackwareFamilyTree1210.svg|thumb|Slackware family tree]]
[[Slackware]] is known as a highly customizable distribution that stresses ease of maintenance and reliability over cutting-edge software and automated tools. Generally considered a distribution for advanced users, it is often suggested to those who want to learn the inner workings of a Linux operating system.
[[Slackware]] is a highly customizable distribution that stresses ease of maintenance and reliability over cutting-edge software and automated tools. It is generally considered a distribution for advanced users.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[AUSTRUMI]]
| [[Absolute Linux]]
| A [[Light-weight Linux distribution]] based on [[Slackware]]
| An 108 MB bootable [[live CD]] as of version 1.9.3
|-
|-
| [[BasicLinux]]
| [[Austrumi Linux]]
| [[Slackware]]-based [[Live CD]] distribution. Dormant as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: AUSTRUMI |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=austrumi |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=distrowatch.com}}</ref>
| A mini Linux designed to run in old PCs (386). Has a certain degree of compatibility with Slackware packages.
|-
|-
| [[Frugalware]]
| [[Damn Vulnerable Linux]]
| Damn Vulnerable Linux (DVL) is a discontinued Linux distribution geared toward computer security students.
| Frugalware Linux is a general-purpose Linux distribution designed for intermediate users who are familiar with command-line operations. Early versions were based on Slackware, but it is now an independently developed distribution.
|-
| [[HostGIS]]
| HostGIS Linux is a Slackware based distribution specifically made for handling [[GIS]] information.
|-
|-
| [[KateOS]]
| [[KateOS]]
| A desktop distribution aimed at intermediate users. It uses [[Xfce]] as its default desktop environment.
| A desktop distribution aimed at intermediate users. It uses [[Xfce]] as its default desktop environment. No longer in development.
|-
|-
| [[MuLinux]]
| [[MuLinux]]
| Floppy-based distribution with replaceable modules.
| Floppy-based Linux distribution with replaceable modules
|-
|-
| [[NimbleX]]
| [[NimbleX]]
| Completely customizable through the NimbleX website.
| Completely customizable through the NimbleX website. Now no longer producing new versions.
|-
|-
|[[Platypux]]
| [[Platypux]]
| A French GNU/Linux distribution of the Slackware family
| A French Linux distribution of the Slackware family.
|-
|-
| [[Porteus (operating system)|Porteus]]
| [[Recovery Is Possible]]
| A small and portable Linux distro focused on speed.
| [[Live CD]] for system maintenance and recovery.<ref>[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=rip DistroWatch.com: RIPLinuX]</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Salix OS]]
| [[Salix OS]]
| Originally a fork of Zenwalk, Salix is a complete distribution fully backwards compatible with Slackware.
| Originally a fork of Zenwalk, Salix is a complete Linux distribution fully backwards compatible with Slackware. It uses [[Xfce]], [[KDE]], [[LXDE]], [[Fluxbox]] or [[Ratpoison]] as its default desktop environment. Salix OS is available as 32 and 64bit version, and also as Live CD versions.
Uses [[Xfce]], [[KDE]], [[LXDE]], [[Fluxbox]] or [[Ratpoison]] as its default desktop environment.
32 and 64bits version. Live versions are also available.
|-
|-
| [[Sentry Firewall]]
| [[Sentry Firewall]]
| A firewall, server or [[intrusion detection system]] distribution.
| A firewall, server, or [[intrusion detection system]] distribution
|-
| [[simpleLinux| simpleLinux GNU/Linux]]
| simpleLinux is a GNU/Linux distributions that uses LZMA compression to compress its system files. The project started on year 2007 by a group of Malaysian developer. simpleLinux is a Slackware-based distribution that comes in both Live CD or Persistence version that can be installed to a medium. simpleLinux GNU/Linux comes to be a multi-tasking operating system that runs the X Window.
|-
|-
| [[Slackintosh]]
| [[Slackintosh]]
| An unofficial port of Slackware to the [[PowerPC]] architecture.
| An unofficial port of Slackware to the [[PowerPC]] architecture
|-
| [[Slamd64]]
| An unofficial port of Slackware to the [[x86-64]] architecture.
|-
|-
| [[Slax]]
| [[Slax]]
| A [[live CD]] which aims to provide a complete desktop for general use. Permanent installation of Slax is not recommended or supported; it is designed for "live" use only. Also can be run from a USB flash drive.
| A [[live CD]] which aims to provide a complete desktop for general use for low-powered computers. Its download size is about 300&nbsp;MB, almost the same as Puppy Linux's. It can run from RAM, from Live CD, USB or hard drive. Permanent installation of Slax is not recommended or supported; it is designed for "live" use only. Also can be run from a USB flash drive. Originally based on Slackware, then switched to [[Debian]] since v9.2.1. Returned to a Slackware base as of v15.0.
|-
| [[STUX]]
| [[Live CD]]
|-
| [[SuperGamer]]
| A [[Live DVD]] Linux Distribution focused on [[Linux gaming|gaming]].
|-
|-
| [[Topologilinux]]
| [[Topologilinux]]
| Designed to run from within [[Microsoft Windows]], Topologilinux can be installed without any changes to the user's hard disk.
| Designed to run from within [[Microsoft Windows]], Topologilinux can be installed without any changes to the user's hard disk. Outdated.
|-
|-
| [[VectorLinux]]
| [[VectorLinux]]
| A lightweight distribution designed to be easy to use even for new users. Generally considered well-suited for older hardware.
| A lightweight Linux distribution designed to be easy to use even for new users. Generally considered well-suited for older hardware.
|-
| [[Wolvix]]
| A desktop-oriented Linux distribution based on Slackware, mainly targeted at home users, featuring [[Xfce]].
|-
|-
| [[Zenwalk]]
| [[Zenwalk]]
Line 695: Line 717:
|-
|-
| [[ZipSlack]]
| [[ZipSlack]]
| A lightweight and portable version of Slackware
| A lightweight and portable version of Slackware.
|}
|}


===Slax-based===
== Android-based ==
[[Android (operating system)|Android]] is a mobile operating system bought and currently being developed by [[Google]], based on a Google modified [[Linux kernel]] and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as [[smartphones]] and [[Tablet computer|tablets]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/debunking-four-myths-about-android-google-and-open-source/|title=Debunking four myths about Android, Google, and open-source|last=Vaughan-Nichols|first=Steven J.|work=ZDNet|access-date=2017-11-24|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108102316/http://www.zdnet.com/article/debunking-four-myths-about-android-google-and-open-source/|archive-date=2017-11-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite Android's core mobile focus, some laptop oriented derivatives like [[Android-x86]] have come out over the years since its initial release.
Slax's modularity and reputation of quality have made it a popular base for other [[live CD]] projects.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Distribution !! Description
|-
| [[/e/ (operating system)|/e/]]
| /e/ (also known as /e/ OS and /e/OS, formerly Eelo) is an Android-based mobile operating system and associated online services. The operating system is a fork of LineageOS and Android.
|-
| [[Android-x86]]
| Android-x86 is an open source project which produces an unofficial port of the Android mobile operating system. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance, and is made to run on devices powered by x86 processors, rather than RISC-based ARM chips. Respective mods CyanogenMod and LineageOS for x86 were and are available.
|-
| [[CalyxOS]]
| CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the [[Calyx Institute]] as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."
|-
| [[CopperheadOS]]
| CopperheadOS is a mobile operating system for smartphones, based on the Android mobile platform. It adds privacy and security features to the official releases of the Android Open Source Project by Google.
|-
| [[CyanogenMod]]
| A discontinued open-source operating system for mobile devices, based on the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] mobile platform. LineageOS is an actively maintained [[Fork (software development)|fork]] of CyanogenMod.<ref>{{cite news |last=Heater |first=Brian |date=24 December 2016 |title=After having its infrastructure shuttered, CyanogenMod will live on as Lineage |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/24/lineage/ |work=[[TechCrunch]] |access-date=6 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206232143/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/24/lineage/ |archive-date=6 December 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 December 2016 |title=A fork in the road |url=https://www.cyanogenmod.org/blog/a-fork-in-the-road |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225144318/https://www.cyanogenmod.org/blog/a-fork-in-the-road |archive-date=25 December 2016 |publisher=[[CyanogenMod]] |access-date=26 December 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[DivestOS]]
| DivestOS is a free operating system (OS) based on the Android mobile platform. It is a soft fork of LineageOS that aims to increase security and privacy, and support older devices. As much as possible it removes proprietary Android components and includes only free-software.
|-
| [[Fire OS]]
| An [[Android (operating system)|Android]]-based mobile operating system produced by [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] for its Fire Phone and Kindle Fire range of tablets, Echo and Echo Dot, and other content delivery devices like Fire TV.
|-
| [[GrapheneOS]]
| GrapheneOS (formerly Android Hardening or AndroidHardening) is an Android-based, open source, privacy and security-focused mobile operating system for selected Google Pixel smartphones.
|-
| [[LineageOS]]
| A [[Free and open-source software|free and open-source]] [[operating system]] for [[smartphone]]s, [[tablet computer]]s, and [[set-top box]]es, based on the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] mobile platform.
|-
| [[OmniROM]]
| OmniROM is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. It involves a number of prominent developers from other projects, including the discontinued CyanogenMod operating system.<ref>{{cite news| last=Smith| first=Chris| date=13 October 2013| title=Meet OmniROM, a new custom ROM for Android| url=https://www.androidauthority.com/omnirom-new-custom-rom-android-283136/| work=Android Authority| access-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225210113/https://www.androidauthority.com/omnirom-new-custom-rom-android-283136/| archive-date=25 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Paranoid Android (software)|Paranoid Android]]
| Paranoid Android is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform.
|-
| [[Remix OS]]
| Remix OS was a computer operating system for personal computers with x86 and ARM architectures that, prior to discontinuation of development, shipped with a number of 1st- and 3rd-party devices. Remix OS allowed PC users to run Android mobile apps on any compatible Intel-based PC.
|-
| [[Replicant (operating system)|Replicant]]
| A free operating system (OS) based on the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] mobile platform that aims to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software counterparts.
|-
| [[Resurrection Remix OS]]
| Resurrection Remix OS, abbreviated as RR, is a free and open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform.
|-
|}


==Source-based==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
|-
| [[Emnix]]
| [[CRUX]]
| CRUX is a lightweight, [[x86-64]]-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced users. The focus is "[[KISS principle|keep it simple]]", which is reflected in a simple [[tar.xz]]-based package system, [[BSD]]-style initscripts, and a relatively small collection of trimmed packages. Inspiration for [[Arch Linux]].
| A Slax-based distribution focused around portability and practicality. Production has ceased and Emnix replaced with Project Esma.
|-
|-
| [[DAVIX]]
| [[GNU Guix System]]
| A distribution built around the [[GNU Guix]] package manager, which provides [[Pure function|purely functional]] package management with build automation, build isolation, easy system upgrades and rollbacks, and an emphasis on free software.<ref>{{Citation|title=Guix, GNU's advanced distro and transactional package manager|url=https://gnu.org/software/guix|access-date=2018-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918233444/http://www.gnu.org/software/guix/|archive-date=2018-09-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Supports amongst others unprivileged package management and per-user profiles.
| A live CD for data analysis and visualization.
|-
|-
| [[DNALinux]]
| [[GoboLinux]]
| A Linux distribution which redefines the [[file system]] hierarchy by installing everything belonging to one application in one folder under /Programs, and using symlinks from /System and its subfolders to point to the proper files.
| A small distribution designed for running [[bioinformatics]] software, including [[BLAST]] and [[EMBOSS]].
|-
|-
| [[Note OS]]
| [[NixOS]]
| Declarative Linux distribution with atomic upgrades and rollbacks built on top of [[Nix package manager]]. Any package build is able to be freely edited and rebuilt from source. An official binary cache is also available for unmodified packages.
| An OS project for notebooks based on Slax.
|-
|-
| [[Source Mage]]
| [[Porteus (operating system)|Porteus]]
| A small Linux distro based on Slax.
| A source code-based Linux distribution, descended from Sorcerer.
|-
| [[T2 SDE]]
| A System Development Environment for building a Linux distribution.
|}
|}


== Other distributions ==
==Others==
The following distributions are simply not categorized under the preceding sections.
The following distributions have not been categorized under the preceding sections.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
! Distribution !! Description
|-
| [[4MLinux]]
| A lightweight Linux distribution made for both 32-bit and 64-bit. When installing programs with the distribution, the distribution will retrieve the Windows version rather than the Linux version due to it coming pre-installed with Wine (A compatibility layer for Windows applications), and not having any package manager.
|-
|-
| [[Alpine Linux]]
| [[Alpine Linux]]
| A security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on uClibc and BusyBox.
| A security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on [[musl]] and [[BusyBox]]. Has a derivative, [[postmarketOS]], for mobile devices.
|-
|-
| [[Android (operating system)]]
| [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
| A open source operating system that uses a modified Linux kernel, it is primarily developed by [[Google]]. For a list of Android-based operating systems, See: [[List of custom Android distributions]]
| A Linux-based operating system for mobile phones by Google.
|-
|-
| [[Bifrost (operating system)|Bifrost]]
| [[CHAOS (operating system)|CHAOS]]
| a small (6&nbsp;MB) Linux distribution designed for creating ad hoc computer clusters.
| Small, for networking
|-
|-
| [[Billix]]
| [[Chimera Linux]]
| An independent Linux distribution that uses [[FreeBSD]] utilities, [[LLVM]] and [[Clang]] for compiling software, dinit init system, and [[musl]] libc.
| A live CD or live USB system administration toolkit and multi-boot distribution with the ability to install any of the included distributions.
|-
|-
| [[Coyote Linux]]
| [[Clear Linux OS]]
| [[Intel]]'s rolling-release Linux distribution, optimized for Intel's own processors for performance and security.
| Router/firewall distribution.
|-
| [[CRUX]]
| CRUX is a lightweight, [[i686]]-optimized distribution targeted at experienced users. The focus is "[[KISS principle|keep it simple]]", which is reflected in a simple [[tar.gz]]-based package system, [[BSD]]-style initscripts, and a relatively small collection of trimmed packages
|-
|-
| [[DD-WRT]]
| [[DD-WRT]]
| Embedded firewall distribution.
| Embedded firewall Linux distribution.
|-
|-
| [[Devil-Linux]]
| [[Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre]]
| A Linux distribution written entirely from scratch<ref>Bruce Byfield: [http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/osrc/article.php/3922031/Eight-Completely-Free-Linux-Distros-And-One-More.htm Eight Completely Free Linux Distros (And One More)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118091706/http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/osrc/article.php/3922031/Eight-Completely-Free-Linux-Distros-And-One-More.htm |date=2012-01-18 }} earthweb.com, 2011.</ref> and sharing some similarities with [[Slackware]]. Approved by the GNU Project as a [[The Free Software Definition|free]] operating system.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html |title=List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions - GNU Project |publisher=Free Software Foundation |access-date=2014-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214211526/http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html |archive-date=2014-12-14 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Router/firewall/server distribution running from CD or USB. Configuration held on USB or floppy disk.
|-
| [[DSLinux]]
| Version of Linux designed for the [[Nintendo DS]].
|-
|-
| [[ELinOS]]
| [[ELinOS]]
| Distribution for [[embedded system]]s by [[SYSGO]]. [[ELinOS]] focuses on industrial application and provides [[Real-time computing|real-time extensions]].
| Linux distribution for [[embedded system]]s by [[SYSGO]]. [[ELinOS]] focuses on industrial application and provides [[Real-time computing|real-time extensions]].
|-
|-
| [[Firefox OS]]
| Endian Firewall
| A discontinued open-source operating system – made for smartphones, tablet computers and smart TVs – designed by [[Mozilla Corporation|Mozilla]] and external contributors.
| Specializes in Routing/Firewalling and Unified Threat Management.
|-
|-
| [[Familiar Linux]]
| [[fli4l]]
| A router and firewall Linux distribution<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fli4l.de/en/|title=fli4l: News|website=www.fli4l.de|access-date=2012-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112112208/http://www.fli4l.de/en/|archive-date=2012-11-12|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Distribution for iPAQ handhelds.
|-
|-
| [[Foresight Linux]]
| [[Foresight Linux]]
| A [[rolling release]] distribution built around the [[Conary (package manager)|Conary]] package manager.
| A [[rolling release]] Linux distribution built around the Conary package manager.
|-
| [[FREESCO]]
| A free replacement for proprietary routers supporting up to 10 network cards and up to 10 modems.
|-
|-
| [[GeeXboX]]
| [[GeeXboX]]
| [[Live CD]] media center distribution, mainly to play special-encoded video files (e.g.: .ogg, XVID) on home theater.
| [[Live CD]] media center Linux distribution, mainly to play special-encoded video files (e.g.: .ogg, XVID) on home theater.
|-
|-
| [[GoboLinux]]
| [[Jlime]]
| Linux distribution for the [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] [[Jornada (PDA)|Jornada]] 6xx and 7xx and [[NEC]] [[MobilePro#MobilePro 900|MobilePro 900(c)]] handhelds.
| An alternative distribution which redefines the [[file system]] hierarchy by installing everything belonging to one application in one folder under /Programs, and using symlinks from /System and its subfolders to point to the proper files.
|-
|-
| [[IPCop]]
| [[KaiOS]]
| A mobile operating system based on [[Linux]], developed by KaiOS Technologies, a US-based company.
| Router/firewall distribution.
|-
|-
| [[Iskolinux]]
| [[Kwort]]
| A distribution originally based on CRUX. Contrary to CRUX, the user does not need to compile a new kernel.
| A GNU/Linux distribution packaged and maintained by UP Manila's (UPM) Information Management System as part of University of the Philippines' thrust to migrate to Linux.
|-
|-
| [[Lightweight Portable Security]] (LPS)
| [[Jlime]]
| A [[CRUX]]-based distribution created by the [[United States Department of Defense]] that boots entirely in [[Random Access Memory|RAM]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spi.dod.mil |title=Software Protection Initiative - Main |publisher=Spi.dod.mil |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829224833/http://spi.dod.mil/ |archive-date=2012-08-29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lightweight Portable Security |url=http://www.spi.dod.mil/lipose.htm |website=Software Protection Initiative |publisher=DoD.mil |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216113431/http://www.spi.dod.mil/lipose.htm |archive-date=16 December 2009}}</ref>
| Distribution for the [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] [[Jornada (PDA)|Jornada]] 6xx and 7xx and [[NEC]] [[MobilePro#MobilePro 900|MobilePro 900(c)]] handhelds.
|-
|-
| [[Lunar Linux]]
| [[LinuxConsole]]
| Independently developed lightweight distribution for old computers made with causal users and youth in mind.
| A source code-based distribution descended from [[Sorcerer GNU/Linux]].
|-
|-
| [[MCC Interim Linux]]
| [[Linux for PlayStation 2]]
| MCC Interim Linux, possibly the first Linux distribution. Created by the Manchester Computing Centre in February 1992.
| [[Sony Computer Entertainment]] Linux distribution released officially for the [[PlayStation 2]] [[video game]] console.
|-
| [[Linux Router Project]]
| Embedded networking appliance progenitor (defunct).
|-
| [[MeeGo]]
| A discontinued [[Linux distribution]] hosted by [[Linux Foundation|the Linux Foundation]], using source code from the operating systems Moblin (produced by [[Intel]]) and Maemo (produced by [[Nokia]]).
|-
|-
| [[MkLinux]]
| [[MkLinux]]
| A legacy distribution for [[PowerPC]] systems that runs the Linux kernel as a server on top of the [[Mach microkernel]].
| A legacy Linux distribution for [[PowerPC]] systems that runs the Linux kernel as a server on top of the [[Mach microkernel]].
|-
|-
| [[Mobilinux]]
| [[Nitix]]
| Developed by Net Integration Technologies Inc., Nitix claims to be the first [[Autonomic system (computing)|autonomic]] Linux kernel–based server operating system.
| By [[Montavista]] for smartphones.
|-
|-
| [[MontaVista Linux]]
| [[MontaVista Linux]]
| Embedded systems distribution by [[MontaVista|MontaVista Software]].
| [[Embedded system|Embedded]] distribution by [[MontaVista|MontaVista Software]].
|-
| [[NASLite]]
| a floppy-based Linux designed to turn an old computer into a simple Network Attached Storage device.
|-
| [[Nitix]]
| Developed by Net Integration Technologies Inc., Nitix claims to be the first [[Autonomic system (computing)|autonomic]] Linux-based server operating system.
|-
|-
| [[OpenWrt]]
| [[OpenWrt]]
| for [[embedded system]]s, a lot of routing options via [[opkg]] available
| A router and firewall Linux distribution, also other [[embedded system]]s, a lot of routing options via [[opkg]] available.
|-
|-
| [[postmarketOS]]
| A security-oriented, lightweight distribution for mobile devices.
|-
|-
| [[paldo GNU/Linux]]
| [[Prevas|Prevas Industrial Linux]]
| Embedded systems customizable Linux distribution by [[Prevas]].
| Independently developed desktop operating system and package manager (upkg) with a rolling release format and standard Gnome environment.
|-
| [[Pardus (operating system)|Pardus]]
| Developed by [[Turkish National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology]]. It uses PISI as package manager, COMAR as configuration framework.
|-
| [[Linux for PlayStation 2|PS2 Linux]]
| [[Sony Computer Entertainment]] distribution released officially for the [[PlayStation 2]] [[video game]] console.
|-
|-
| [[Puppy Linux]]
| [[Puppy Linux]]
| A mini distribution which runs well under low-end PCs - even under 32 MB RAM.
| A mini Linux distribution which runs well under low-end PCs – even under 32&nbsp;MB RAM.
|-
|-
| [[rPath]]
| [[rPath]]
| A distribution built around the [[Conary (package manager)|Conary]] package manager.
| A distribution built around the Conary package manager. Discontinued.
|-
|-
| [[SliTaz GNU/Linux]]
| [[SliTaz GNU/Linux|SliTaz]]
| With less than 40&nbsp;MB a very small Live-Distribution, which uses 256&nbsp;MB RAM (or with a special edition only 24&nbsp;MB<ref>{{cite web|title=SliTaz LiveCD Flavors|url=http://www.slitaz.org/en/get/flavors.php|publisher=Association SliTaz|access-date=24 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308182157/http://www.slitaz.org/en/get/flavors.php|archive-date=8 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>) for a complete [[Graphical user interface|GUI]].
| A small desktop distribution. The [[ISO]] is under 30 MB; runs entirely in RAM; uses its own tazpkg package system.
|-
|-
| [[Smallfoot]]
| [[Caldera_Smallfoot|Smallfoot]]
| Embedded, Gaming and Point of Sale distribution.| Developed by the Santa Cruz Operation ( SCO UNIX / SCO Group ), formerly Caldera - based on Caldera OpenLinux 3.x and 4.x binaries.
| Embedded, gaming and point-of-sale Linux distribution developed by the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), formerly [[Caldera International]] and [[Caldera Systems]] – based on Caldera OpenLinux 3.x and 4.x binaries.
|-
|-
| [[SmoothWall]]
| [[SmoothWall]]
| Router/firewall distribution.
| A router and firewall Linux distribution.
|-
|-
| [[paldo (operating system)|paldo]]
| [[Softlanding Linux System]]
| Independently developed desktop operating system and package manager (upkg) with a rolling release format and standard Gnome environment.
| One of the earliest distributions, developed from 1992–1994; [[Slackware]] was originally based on it.
|-
|-
| [[Sailfish OS]]
| [[Sorcerer (operating system)|Sorcerer]]
| A Linux-based operating system based on open source projects such as Mer and including a closed source UI. The project is being developed by the Finnish company [[Jolla]].
| A source code-based distribution.
|-
|-
| [[Source Mage GNU/Linux]]
| [[Solus project|Solus]]
| Desktop Linux distribution offering Budgie, GNOME, MATE and KDE Plasma desktop environments, eopkg for package management.
| A source code-based distribution, descended from [[Sorcerer (Linux distribution)|Sorcerer]].
|-
| [[Stable Hybrid Release]]
| For smartphones, offering [[Enlightenment (window manager)|Enlightenment]]'s Illume user interface. It is based on FSO.
|-
| [[Sugar (desktop environment)|Sugar]]
| Designed by [[Sugar Labs]] for the [[One Laptop per Child]] (OLPC) initiative.
|-
| [[Thinstation]]
| Thin client distribution supporting all major connectivity protocols.
|-
|-
| [[Tinfoil Hat Linux]]
| [[Tinfoil Hat Linux]]
| Bootable floppy distribution focusing on extreme security
| Bootable floppy Linux distribution focusing on extreme security.
|-
|-
| [[Tiny Core Linux]]
| [[Tiny Core Linux]]
| Tiny Core Linux is a minimalist (around 10 MB) Linux system focusing on providing a base system with BusyBox, FLTK and other minimalist software.
| A minimalist (around 10&nbsp;MB) Linux system focusing on providing a base system with BusyBox, FLTK and other minimalist software.
|-
|-
| [[TinyMe]]
| [[Tizen]]
| A Linux-based mobile operating system backed by the [[Linux Foundation]] but developed and used primarily by [[Samsung Electronics]].
| Based on Unity Linux, targeted to be as lightweight as possible.
|-
|-
| [[tomsrtbt]]
| [[tomsrtbt]]
| Root boot disk.
| Root boot from floppy disk. Last update May 2002.
|-
|-
| [[Tor-ramdisk]]
| [[Void Linux]]
| An independent Linux distribution based on the XBPS package management system and [[runit]], without [[systemd]] dependency.
| An [[i686]] [[uClibc]]-based micro Linux distribution (about 5 MB) that runs in [[Computer memory|system memory]] and whose only purpose is to host a [[Tor anonymity network|Tor]] server in an environment that maximizes security and privacy.
|}

== Historical distributions ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Distribution !! Description
| [[xPUD]]
|-
| Small distribution, aimed at being simple and usable.
| [[MCC Interim Linux]]
| Possibly the first Linux distribution, created by the Manchester Computing Centre in February 1992.
|-
| [[Softlanding Linux System]]
| One of the earliest Linux distributions, developed from 1992 to 1994; [[Slackware]] was originally based on it.
|-
|-
| [[Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X]]
| [[Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X]]
| One of the oldest Linux distributions, not updated since 1995.
| One of the oldest Linux distributions (December 1992), not updated since 1995.
|}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Free software}}
{{Portal|Free and open-source software|Linux}}
*[[Comparison of Linux distributions]]
* [[Comparison of Linux distributions]]
*[[Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions]]
* [[Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions]]
*[[DistroWatch]]
* [[DistroWatch]]
* [[PowerLinux|Linux on PowerPC]]
*[[List of Linux distributions endorsed by the Free Software Foundation]]
*[[List of live CDs]]
* [[Linux on IBM Z]]
*[[List of router or firewall distributions]]
* [[List of live CDs]]
* [[List of router and firewall distributions]]
*[[:Category:State-sponsored Linux distributions|State-sponsored Linux distributions]]
*[[Linux on System z]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Wikibooks|Using Ubuntu Linux/Ubuntu Variations}}
*[http://www.chrishaney.com/?linux&thumbnails Chris Haney Screenshot Directory] - Screenshots of most Linux distributions
* [https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html Linux free distros] ([[Free Software Foundation]])
*[http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/os-liste.htm Operating-System.org] - Lists all known Linux distributions at a glance.
* [https://repology.org/ Repository tracking]
*[http://lwn.net/Distributions The LWN.net Linux Distribution List] - Categorized list with information about each entry
* [https://lwn.net/Distributions The LWN.net Linux Distribution List] – Categorized list with information about each entry.
* [https://distrowatch.com/ Distrowatch] – Announcements, information, links and popularity ranking for many Linux distributions.
* [https://www.linux-distros.com/ Linux Distros] – Information and ISO files for many oldest Linux distributions.


{{Linux distributions}}
{{Linux distributions}}
{{Linux}}
{{Linux}}
{{FOSS}}


[[Category:Linux distributions| ]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Linux Distributions}}
[[Category:Lists of software|Linux Distributions]]
[[Category:Lists of operating systems|Linux Distributions]]
[[Category:Linux distributions| List]]

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[[bs:Spisak Linux distribucija]]
[[cs:Seznam distribucí Linuxu]]
[[de:Liste von Linux-Distributionen]]
[[es:Anexo:Distribuciones Linux]]
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[[simple:List of Linux distributions]]
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Latest revision as of 00:03, 5 January 2025

Timeline of the development of main Linux distributions[1]

This page provides general information about notable Linux distributions in the form of a categorized list. Distributions are organized into sections by the major distribution or package management system they are based on.

Debian-based

[edit]
Debian family tree

Debian (a portmanteau of the names "Deb" and "Ian") Linux is a distribution that emphasizes free software. It supports many hardware platforms. Debian and distributions based on it use the .deb package format[2] and the dpkg package manager and its frontends (such as apt or synaptic).[3]

Distribution Description
antiX A comparatively lightweight distribution suitable for older computers, while also providing kernel and applications, as well as updates and additions via the Aptitude and Debian-compatible repositories.
Astra Linux A Russian distribution developed to meet the needs of the Russian army and other armed forces and intelligence agencies.[4] It provides data protection up to the level of "top secret" in Russian classified information grade. It has been officially certified by Russian Defense Ministry, Federal Service for Technical and Export Control[5] and Federal Security Service.[6]
Bharat Operating System Solutions (BOSS) An Indian Linux distribution[7]
Canaima A Venezuelan Linux distribution.[8]
Corel Linux Short-lived commercial desktop Linux distribution, bought by Xandros Linux.[9]
CrunchBang Linux A small distribution and Live CD based on Debian Stable, featuring the Openbox window manager and tint2 panel with GTK+ applications.[10] Development has ended for CrunchBang as of February, 2015.[11]
Deepin A Chinese Linux Distribution developed by Wuhan Deepin Technology Co.
Devuan A fork of Debian begun in 2014 with the primary goal of allowing user choice in init systems, by decoupling software packages from systemd.[12]
DoudouLinux A discontinued distribution intended for children.
Dreamlinux A discontinued Brazilian distribution.
Emdebian Grip A small-footprint distribution based on and compatible with Debian, intended for use on resource-limited embedded systems.[13]
Finnix A small system-administration Live CD that is available for multiple architectures[14]
gLinux gLinux is a Linux Distro used for Google Employees.
gNewSense Originally based on Ubuntu and later upon Debian, and developed with sponsorship from the Free Software Foundation. Its goal is user-friendliness, but with all proprietary (e.g. binary blobs) and non-free software removed.
grml Live CD for system recovery[15]
HandyLinux Designed for senior citizens running old computers for which Windows have become too slow[16]
Kali Linux A completely customizable distribution used for penetration testing. Kali is based on Debian and is used mostly by security experts.[17] Originally named BackTrack (named after the homonym class of backtracking algorithms), it is developed by Offensive Security.[18] In March 2013, the Offensive Security team rebuilt BackTrack on Debian and released it under the name Kali Linux.[19]
Kali NetHunter Mobile version of Kali Linux available for rooted and non-rooted devices.
Kanotix An installable live DVD/CD for desktop usage using KDE and LXDE, focusing on convenient scripts and GUIs for ease of use.[20]
LEAF Project The Linux Embedded Appliance Framework. A tiny primarily floppy-based distribution for routers, firewalls and other appliances.[21]
Libranet A discontinued operating system based on Debian.
LiMux An ISO 9241 industry workplace certified Linux distribution, deployed at the City of Munich, Germany.[22]
LMDE A Debian-based version of Linux Mint that does not use any elements of Ubuntu linux, maintained to ensure continuity should Ubuntu stop being maintained or other issue affecting the core Mint distribution.[23]
Maemo A development platform for hand held devices such as the Nokia N800, N810, and Nokia N900 Internet Tablets and other Linux kernel–based devices.[24]
MEPIS A discontinued OS that focused on ease of use. Significant derivatives include antiX and MX Linux.
MintPPC For PowerPC computers. Although MintPPC uses some Linux Mint Debian Edition code, it is not Linux Mint.[25]
Musix GNU+Linux Intended for music production, graphic design, audio, video editing, and other tasks. It is built with only free software.[26]
MX Linux A midweight OS based on Debian Stable with core components from antiX and using Xfce, offering simple configuration, high stability, solid performance and medium-sized footprint.[27]
NepaLinux A Debian- and Morphix-based distribution focused for desktop usage in Nepali language computing.[28]
OpenZaurus Debian packages and ROM image for the Sharp Zaurus PDA. Replaced by Ångström distribution.[29]
Pardus Developed by Turkish National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology. Prior to 2013 it used PISI as the package manager, with COMAR as the configuration framework. Starting with Pardus 2013, it is Debian-based.
Parrot OS A Linux distribution based on Debian used by penetration testers.
Parsix[30] Optimized for personal computers and laptops. Built on top of Debian testing branch and comes with security support.[31]
PelicanHPC Dedicated to setting up a computer cluster.[32]
PureOS A Linux distribution based on Debian with a focus on privacy, security, and convenience.[33][34][35][36]
Q4OS A light-weight Linux distribution with Trinity and Plasma desktop environments.[37]
Raspberry Pi OS Desktop-oriented distribution, formerly known as Raspbian. Developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation as the official OS for their family of low-power Raspberry Pi single-board computers.
SolydXK Xfce and KDE desktop focused on stability, security and ease of use.[38]
SparkyLinux A Debian-based Linux distribution which provides ready to use, out of the box operating system with a set of slightly customized lightweight desktops. Sparky is targeted to all the computer's users who want replace existing, proprietary driven OS to an open-sourced..
Sunwah Linux A Chinese Linux distribution[39]
Tails Tails or The Amnesic Incognito Live System' is aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity, with all outgoing connections forced to go through Tor.[40]
TurnKey Linux Open source project developing a family of free, Debian-based appliances optimized for ease of use in server-type usage scenarios.[41] Based on Debian since 2012; previously based on Ubuntu.
Twister OS Raspberry Pi OS based distribution using Xfce with themes based on other OSes intended for the Raspberry Pi, RK3399 CPU, and x86-64 architecture.
Univention Corporate Server Enterprise distribution with integrated IT infrastructure and identity management system by the company Univention GmbH, Germany. A full version for up to 5 users for tests and for private use can be downloaded for free.[42]
Webconverger Debian Live-based browser only distribution, similar to ChromeOS. However based on Firefox and dwm, with no user sign-in, no special hardware required and designed for public places.[43]
Vyatta Commercial open source network operating system includes routing, firewall, VPN, intrusion prevention and more. Designed to be an open source Cisco replacement.[44]
VyOS Free routing platform. Because VyOS is run on standard amd64, i586 and ARM systems, it is able to be used as a router and firewall platform for cloud deployments.

Ubuntu-based

[edit]
Ubuntu family tree

Ubuntu (named after the Nguni philosophy of ubuntu) is a distribution based on Debian, designed to have regular releases, a consistent user experience and commercial support on both desktops and servers.

Current official derivatives

[edit]

These Ubuntu variants, also known as Ubuntu flavours, simply install a set of packages different from the original Ubuntu, but since they draw additional packages and updates from the same repositories as Ubuntu, all of the same software is available for each of them.[45][46]

Distribution Description
Edubuntu A complete Linux based operating system that was targeted for primary and secondary education. Outdated versions are freely available with community-based support. The Edubuntu community is built on the ideas enshrined in the Edubuntu Manifesto: that software, especially for education, should be available free of charge and that software tools should be usable by people in their local language and despite any disabilities.[47]
Kubuntu An official derivative of Ubuntu Linux using KDE instead of the GNOME (or Unity) desktop environment used by default in Ubuntu.[48]
Lubuntu An official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system that is "lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient", using the LXQt desktop environment (used LXDE before 18.10).[49][50][51]
Ubuntu Budgie An official derivative of Ubuntu using Budgie.
Ubuntu Cinnamon An official derivative of Ubuntu using the Cinnamon desktop environment.[52]
Ubuntu Kylin An official derivative aimed at the Chinese market.
Ubuntu MATE An official derivative of Ubuntu using MATE, a desktop environment forked from the now-defunct GNOME 2 code base, with an emphasis on the desktop metaphor.[53]
Ubuntu Server An official derivative made for use in servers & IBM mainframes. Ubuntu Server handles mail, controls printers, acts as a fileserver, can host LAMP and more.[54]
Ubuntu Studio Based on Ubuntu, providing open-source applications for multimedia creation aimed at the audio, video and graphic editors.[55]
Ubuntu Unity An official derivative of Ubuntu using the Unity desktop environment.[56][57]
Xubuntu An official derivative of Ubuntu using Xfce. Xubuntu is intended for use on less-powerful computers or those who seek a highly efficient desktop environment on faster systems, and uses mostly GTK applications.[58]

Discontinued official derivatives

[edit]
Distribution Description
Gobuntu Gobuntu was an official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system, aiming to provide a distribution consisting entirely of free software. It was officially announced by Mark Shuttleworth on July 10, 2007, and daily builds of Gobuntu 7.10 began to be publicly released. The project ended around the release of 8.04 and has since merged into mainline Ubuntu as a 'free software' option.[59]
Mythbuntu Based on Ubuntu and MythTV, providing applications for recording TV and acting as a media center.[60] On 4 November 2016 the development team announced the end of Mythbuntu as a separate distribution, citing insufficient developers.
Ubuntu GNOME Formerly an official Ubuntu variant,[61] but since the main Ubuntu 17.10, which uses GNOME Shell as its default desktop and GDM as its display manager, this distro has been merged into mainline releases.[62]
Ubuntu JeOS "Just Enough OS" – was described as "an efficient variant [...] configured specifically for virtual appliances".[63] Since the release of Ubuntu 8.10 it has been included as an option as part of the standard Ubuntu Server Edition.
Ubuntu Mobile An embedded operating system designed for use on mobile devices. The operating system will use Hildon from maemo as its graphical frontend. Ubuntu Touch is a successor to Ubuntu Mobile.
Ubuntu Netbook Edition Netbook Edition was an official derivative of Ubuntu designed for netbooks using the Intel Atom processor. Starting from Ubuntu 11.04, Ubuntu Netbook Edition has been merged into the desktop edition.[64]
Ubuntu TV Designed for use with TVs.[65]

Unofficial derivatives

[edit]

Unofficial variants and derivatives are not controlled or guided by Canonical Ltd. and generally have different goals in mind.

Distribution Description
BackBox BackBox is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. It has been developed to perform penetration tests and security assessments. Designed to be fast, easy to use and provide a minimal yet complete desktop environment, thanks to its own software repositories, always being updated to the latest stable version of the most used and best known ethical hacking tools.[66]
Bodhi Linux An Ubuntu-based Linux distribution featuring the Moksha Desktop environment and targeting users who want a minimum of preinstalled software or low system requirements.[67]
Cub Linux Ubuntu-based distribution designed to mimic the desktop appearance and functionality of ChromeOS.[68][69][70]
dyne:bolic Live CD geared toward multimedia (audio and video) production, but comes with other non-media specific application (e.g. word processor, desktop publisher)[71]
EasyPeasy Fork of Ubuntu designed for netbooks[72]
Eeebuntu Specifically for the Eee PC range of netbooks, based on Debian. Also rebranded as Aurora OS.[73]
Element OS Based on Xubuntu, made for Home theater PCs[74]
Elive A light-weight Linux distribution featuring the Enlightenment desktop, designed to be simple and suitable for new Linux users who want a fully functional environment.
elementary OS A distribution focusing mainly on non-technical users, has a pay what you want model.[75]
Emmabuntüs Based on Xubuntu designed to facilitate the repacking of computers donated to Emmaüs Communities.[76]
GalliumOS A Linux distribution for ChromeOS devices by the community-supported GalliumOS project. Gallium is based on Xubuntu and maintains compatibility with the Ubuntu repositories.[77]
GendBuntu A version adapted for use by France's National Gendarmerie.
Goobuntu An Ubuntu-based distribution that was used internally by Google (until changing to non-Ubuntu, Debian-based GLinux); not available outside of Google
gOS Used the GNOME desktop environment with user interface enhancements to make it work more like Mac OS X, it also featured Google Apps, Picasa, Google Gadgets and other web-based applications, and came with Wine 1.0 pre-installed. Now discontinued.
Joli OS Joli OS (formerly named Jolicloud) is in development and Pre-beta testing. Joli OS is built upon Debian and Ubuntu 9.10, but is tweaked to be more suitable for computers that have weaker specifications in terms of disk storage, memory and screen size. It is designed to run on relatively low-powered netbook computers.[78]
Karoshi A formerly PCLinuxOS-based distribution designed for use in schools.[79]
KDE neon Focused on the development of KDE. The emphasis is on bleeding edge software packages sourced directly from KDE and offers programmers early access to new features, but potentially at the cost of greater susceptibility to software bugs.[80]
LiMux A project by the city council of Munich, Germany
Linux Caixa Mágica Portuguese Linux distribution.[81]
Linux Lite The purpose of Linux Lite is to introduce Windows users to Linux, and provide them with a comfortable and useful user experience. It is designed to be simple and suitable for new Linux users who want a lightweight, highly responsive, and fully functional environment.[82]
Linux Mint Linux Mint synchronizes its release-cycle with Ubuntu's long-term support, and is tailored to user-friendliness for desktop users.[83] Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) is Mint's Debian stable based version. Its purpose is to use Debian base packages/kernel under the hood should Ubuntu ever disappear. It's also used by Mint developers to develop their Cinnamon desktop.
LinuxMCE Linux Media Center Edition, a Kubuntu-based distribution that provides in-depth HTPC functionality as well as home automation.[84]
LinuxTLE A Thai Linux distribution. Not maintained.[85]
LliureX A distribution by the Generalitat Valenciana[86]
LXLE Linux A light-weight Linux distribution based on Lubuntu, using the LXDE desktop environment.[87]
MAX Stands for MAdrid LinuX. Used in education.[88]
Maya OS A distribution developed by Indian Ministry of Defence.[89]
Molinux Ubuntu based initiative to introduce the Castile-La Mancha community in Spain to the information society.[90]
Netrunner Kubuntu based distribution with complete software and codecs installed, developed by Blue Systems (also sponsoring Kubuntu and LinuxMintKDE).[91]
Nova Cuban state-sponsored distribution developed at the University of Information Science, Havana. Formerly based on Gentoo.
OpenGEU Ubuntu based distribution with Enlightenment window manager, previously known as Geubuntu.[92]
Peppermint OS A light-weight LXDE distribution for cloud applications through its own Ice Framework using the Chromium Web Browser. Based on Lubuntu[93]
Pinguy OS An Ubuntu-based distro for people that have never used Linux before or for people that want an out-of-the-box working OS without having to tweak a fresh installation of Ubuntu or other Ubuntu-based distro.[94]
Pop!_OS An Ubuntu-based distro developed by System76 predominantly for use on hardware that they manufacture.
Poseidon Linux For academic and scientific use. Based on Ubuntu, but enhanced by GIS/maps, numerical modelling, 2D/3D/4D visualization, statistics, tools for creating simple and complex graphics, programming languages.
Sabily Ubuntu based distribution for Muslims (formerly Ubuntu Muslim Edition)[95] Unmaintained
SuperGamer A Live DVD distribution focused on gaming formerly based on VectorLinux.
Trisquel GNU/Linux Fully free-software system without proprietary software or firmware and uses the Linux-libre kernel deblob script, based on Ubuntu LTS Releases[96]
UberStudent For higher education and advanced secondary students, those who teach them, and lifelong learners[97]
Ututo Ututo UL ("Ubuntu-Libre") Distributes Simusol, a system to simulate Solar Energy projects, returned to the heart of the project. Discontinued.[98]
Vinux A Linux distribution designed for visually impaired users[99]
Wubuntu Former LinuxFX. Also known as "Windows Ubuntu". The distribution aims to imitate Microsoft operating system Windows 11.[100][101]
Zorin OS Zorin OS is a user-friendly distribution that can emulate Microsoft Windows or macOS. It is meant for users unfamiliar with Linux.[102]

Knoppix-based

[edit]
Knoppix family tree

Knoppix (a portmanteau of the surname Knopper from Klaus Knopper and Unix) itself is based on Debian. It is a live distribution, with automated hardware configuration and a wide choice of software, which is decompressed as it loads from the drive.[103]

Distribution Description
Damn Small Linux A small Linux distro designed to run on older hardware. It is commonly used on virtual machines due to low memory requirements.[104]
Feather Linux Boots from either a CD or a USB flash drive. Uses Knoppix-based hardware detection and the Fluxbox window manager.[105]

Pacman-based

[edit]

Pacman is a package manager that is capable of resolving dependencies and automatically downloading and installing all necessary packages. It is primarily developed and used by Arch Linux and its derivatives.

Arch Linux-based

[edit]

Arch Linux is an independently developed, x86-64 general-purpose Linux distribution that strives to provide the latest stable versions of most software by following a rolling-release model. The default installation is a minimal base system—configured by the user to only add what is purposely required.

Distribution Description
Antergos Antergos is a discontinued Linux distribution based on Arch Linux.
Arch Linux ARM Port of Arch Linux for ARM processors.
ArchBang Based on Arch Linux, but also provides Live CDs with working system and graphical installation scripts; uses i3 as default window manager.
Artix Linux Based on Arch Linux, but using Dinit, OpenRC, Runit, or s6 as init system instead of systemd.
ArchLabs Based on Arch Linux, with a custom installer, offers many choices of desktop environments and window managers.
BlackArch A cybersecurity-focused OS based on Arch Linux. It is designed to test security and run penetration tests. It includes window managers preconfigured, but no desktop environment.
EndeavourOS Continuation of Antergos, featuring a graphical installer capable of installing KDE Plasma (default, offline), Budgie, Cinnamon, Deepin, GNOME, i3, Xfce, LXQt, and MATE.
Garuda Linux A distribution based on gaming.[106]
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre An Arch and Debian derivative without any blobs, without systemd support and with OpenRC as its default init system. Packages are built for i686 and x64. Unlike Arch, Hyperbola uses the long-term support model like Debian.
LinHES LinHES (Linux Home Entertainment Server) designed for use on home theater PCs (HTPCs), providing applications for recording TV and acting as a sound and video center.
Manjaro Based on Arch Linux, using its own repositories and ships with either Xfce, Plasma, GNOME, or the CLI as the default desktop environment. Additional community-driven editions are available that use MATE, Cinnamon, Openbox, Awesome, i3, BSPWM, or Budgie as a base.
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre An Arch derivative without any blobs, plus various added packages. Packages are also built for ARMv7 in addition to i686 and x64. MATE and text-mode distributions available.
SteamOS Arch-based and gaming-focused distribution developed by Valve and designed for the Steam digital distribution platform and Steam Deck. Before version 3.0, was previously based on Debian.
SystemRescue Linux System rescue toolkit. Previously based on Gentoo, it has been based on Arch Linux since version 6.0.0

Other Pacman-based

[edit]
Distribution Description
Chakra Linux Originally derived from Arch Linux, with the latest KDE. For now uses the Pacman utility for package management. Strives to be Qt-only. Discontinued.[107]
Frugalware Linux A general purpose Linux distribution designed for intermediate users. Has some influences from Slackware, and uses a heavily modified version of pacman, Pacman-G2, a fork of a cvs version of the complete rewrite of Pacman-G1 by Aurelien Foret (the old monolithic Pacman-G1 is written by Judd Vinet). The packages are tar archives compressed using xz.[108]
KaOS An independent 64-bit only rolling-release Linux distribution inspired by Arch that features the latest KDE Plasma environment and the Qt toolkit.[109]

RPM-based

[edit]
Red Hat family tree

Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux were the original major distributions that used the .rpm file format, which today is used in several package management systems. Both of these were later divided into commercial and community-supported distributions. Red Hat Linux was divided into a community-supported but Red Hat-sponsored distribution named Fedora, and a commercially supported distribution called Red Hat Enterprise Linux, whereas SUSE Linux was divided into openSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise.

Fedora-based

[edit]
Fedora family tree

Fedora is a community supported distribution. It aims to provide the latest software while maintaining a completely Free Software system.[110]

RHEL-based

[edit]
See also: Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives and Commercial products based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial open-source Linux distribution developed by Red Hat for the commercial market.

Distribution Description
AlmaLinux A 100% community owned and governed alternative CentOS as a Red Hat Enterprise Linux rebuild. Governed by the AlmaLinux OS Foundation.
Asianux A Linux distribution co-developed between Red Flag Software Co., Ltd., Miracle Linux Corp. and Haansoft, INC., focused on Chinese, Japanese and Korean support.
ClearOS A Linux distribution designed for use in small and medium enterprises.
Fermi Linux LTS Based on Scientific Linux.[111]
Miracle Linux A Linux distribution developed by Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd., aims to be compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Oracle Linux Supported by Oracle. Aims to be fully compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Red Flag Linux A Linux distribution developed in China and optimized for the Chinese market. Based on Asianux.
Rocks Cluster Distribution A Linux distribution for building a High-Performance Computing computer cluster, with a recent release supporting Cloud computing. It is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux but with extensions to support large multi-node heterogeneous systems for clusters (HPC), Cloud, and Data Warehousing (in development).
Rocky Linux A Linux distribution that is currently in development by the CentOS founder, Gregory Kurtzer, aims to be compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Scientific Linux A discontinued Linux distribution co-developed by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), which aims to be compatible with and based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Other Fedora-based

[edit]
Distribution Description
Asahi Linux Port of Linux to Apple silicon-powered Macs.
Amazon Linux 2 Amazon Linux 2 is available as an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for use on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2). It is also available as a Docker container image and as a virtual machine image for use on Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), Oracle VM VirtualBox, Microsoft Hyper-V, and VMware ESXi
Berry Linux A medium-sized Fedora-based distribution that provides support in Japanese and English.
BLAG Linux and GNU A completely free software distribution.
CentOS Stream Community-supported Linux distribution originally based on RHEL and well suited for servers. Now sponsored by Red Hat.[112]
EnGarde Secure Linux Server-only Linux distribution designed to be secure.[113]
Fuduntu Designed to fit in somewhere between Fedora and Ubuntu.
Hanthana Designed to cater the needs of Sri Lankan computer users who are unable to access Internet frequently, with many most-wanted applications built in.
Korora Initially aimed at easy installation of a Gentoo system by using install scripts instead of manual configuration. Now based on Fedora.
Linpus Linux Focused on the Chinese market, along with Linpus Lite focused on the netbook market.
Linux XP Fedora-based shareware distribution designed to imitate the Windows environment using GNOME.
MeeGo Built by Intel and Nokia, intended for mobile phones (mainly Nokia N9) and tablets. It is based on Moblin together with Maemo.
Moblin Built around the Intel Atom processor; supplanted by Meego when Intel and (temporarily) Nokia combined activities
Network Security Toolkit A live CD/DVD with security and networking tools to perform routine security and networking diagnostic and monitoring tasks.
Qubes OS Focused on security for desktop users. Based on an "ancient" Fedora release which is said to be upgraded under YUM.
Red Star OS A North Korean Linux distribution developed at the Korea Computer Center (KCC). It is offered only in a Korean language edition, localized with North Korean terminology and spelling.
Russian Fedora Remix A remix of Fedora.
Sailfish OS Built by Jolla, Sailfish OS is a 4th generation mobile Linux system ported to a line of Sony Xperia handsets, with community ports available to alternative devices.
Sugar-on-a-Stick Linux An educational operating system, originally designed for the One-Laptop-Per-Child project.
Yellow Dog Linux For the PowerPC platform.

openSUSE-based

[edit]

openSUSE is a community-developed Linux distribution, sponsored by SUSE. It maintains a strict policy of ensuring all code in the standard installs will be from FOSS solutions, including Linux kernel Modules. SUSE's enterprise Linux products are all based on the codebase that comes out of the openSUSE project.

Distribution Description
GeckoLinux A distribution with a focus on polish and out-of-the-box desktop usability. It is available in Static and Rolling versions, based on openSUSE Leap and Tumbleweed.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Comes in two variations. SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (previously branded Novell Linux Desktop) is a desktop-oriented Linux distribution supplied by SUSE and targeted at the enterprise market. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server is a server-oriented Linux distribution targeted at the business market.

Mandriva-based

[edit]

Mandriva Linux is open-source distribution (with exceptions), discontinued in 2011. The first release was named Mandrake Linux and based on Red Hat Linux (version 5.1) and KDE 1 in July 1998. It had since moved away from Red Hat's distribution and became a completely separate distribution. The name was changed to Mandriva, which included a number of original tools, mostly to ease system configuration. Mandriva Linux was the brainchild of Gaël Duval, who wanted to focus on ease of use for new users. The last stable version was in 2011. Mandriva's developers moved to Mageia[114] and OpenMandriva.[115]

Distribution Description
Mageia A community Linux distribution initially forked from Mandriva Linux in response to the discontinuation of free versions of Mandriva Linux.
ROSA Linux A Russian distribution available in three different editions: ROSA Desktop Fresh, ROSA Enterprise Desktop and ROSA Enterprise Linux Server, with the latter two aiming at commercial users. Its desktop editions come bundled with proprietary software such as Adobe Flash Player, multimedia codecs and Steam.
OpenMandriva A fork of Mandriva Linux by the OpenMandriva Association.

Other RPM-based

[edit]
Distribution Description
ALT Linux ALT Linux is a set of RPM-based operating systems built on top of the Linux kernel and Sisyphus packages repository. ALT Linux has been developed collectively by ALT Linux Team developers community and ALT Linux Ltd.
Caldera OpenLinux A Linux distribution originally introduced by Caldera and later developed by its subsidiary Caldera Systems. It was later developed by Caldera International (which bought SCO and was renamed The SCO Group). The distribution is no longer produced. Last release: 3.1.1 – Jan. 30, 2002
PCLinuxOS A rolling release Linux Live CD distribution. Originally based on Mandrake 9.2. Later rebased on Mandriva 2007.
Red Hat Linux Split into Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The last official release of the unsplit distribution was Red Hat Linux 9 in March 2003.
SUSE Linux Split into openSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise.
Think Blue Linux A port of Linux to IBM S/390 (later, zSeries) mainframe computers, done by the Millenux subsidiary of German company Thinking Objects Software GmbH. Discontinued in 2006.
Turbolinux Originally based on Red Hat Linux.
Vine Linux A Japanese distribution originally based on Red Hat Linux.

Gentoo-based

[edit]
Main article: List of Gentoo Linux derivatives
Gentoo family tree

Gentoo is a distribution designed to have highly optimized and frequently updated software.[116] Distributions based on Gentoo use the Portage package management system with emerge[117] or one of the alternative package managers.

Distribution Description
Calculate Linux Calculate Linux is a family of distributions.
ChromeOS[118] Google's Linux-based operating system used on various Chromebooks, Chromeboxes and tablet computers. It is primarily Internet-based, launching each app within the Chrome browser. The OS features a user interface that looks very similar to Chrome instead of GNOME, Cinnamon, LXQt, Xfce, etc.
ChromiumOS Free and open-source version of ChromeOS.
Clip OS Created by ANSSI, the National Cybersecurity Agency of France and based on hardened Gentoo, it's aimed to secure sensitive information which meets the needs of the French Administration.
Container Linux Linux distribution by CoreOS designed for clustered and containerized deployments with update subscription
Pentoo Penetration-testing Live CD.
Sabayon Linux Discontinued Italian made Linux distribution based on Funtoo. It followed the "out of the box" philosophy, aiming to give the user a wide number of applications ready to use and a self-configured operating system. Like Gentoo, Sabayon used the rolling release model; it used a customized version of Red Hat's Anaconda Installer and included a Media Center application.

Slackware-based

[edit]
Slackware family tree

Slackware is a highly customizable distribution that stresses ease of maintenance and reliability over cutting-edge software and automated tools. It is generally considered a distribution for advanced users.

Distribution Description
Absolute Linux A Light-weight Linux distribution based on Slackware
Austrumi Linux Slackware-based Live CD distribution. Dormant as of 2023.[119]
Damn Vulnerable Linux Damn Vulnerable Linux (DVL) is a discontinued Linux distribution geared toward computer security students.
KateOS A desktop distribution aimed at intermediate users. It uses Xfce as its default desktop environment. No longer in development.
MuLinux Floppy-based Linux distribution with replaceable modules
NimbleX Completely customizable through the NimbleX website. Now no longer producing new versions.
Platypux A French Linux distribution of the Slackware family.
Porteus A small and portable Linux distro focused on speed.
Salix OS Originally a fork of Zenwalk, Salix is a complete Linux distribution fully backwards compatible with Slackware. It uses Xfce, KDE, LXDE, Fluxbox or Ratpoison as its default desktop environment. Salix OS is available as 32 and 64bit version, and also as Live CD versions.
Sentry Firewall A firewall, server, or intrusion detection system distribution
Slackintosh An unofficial port of Slackware to the PowerPC architecture
Slax A live CD which aims to provide a complete desktop for general use for low-powered computers. Its download size is about 300 MB, almost the same as Puppy Linux's. It can run from RAM, from Live CD, USB or hard drive. Permanent installation of Slax is not recommended or supported; it is designed for "live" use only. Also can be run from a USB flash drive. Originally based on Slackware, then switched to Debian since v9.2.1. Returned to a Slackware base as of v15.0.
Topologilinux Designed to run from within Microsoft Windows, Topologilinux can be installed without any changes to the user's hard disk. Outdated.
VectorLinux A lightweight Linux distribution designed to be easy to use even for new users. Generally considered well-suited for older hardware.
Zenwalk Originally a minimal version of Slackware, Zenwalk has evolved into a very different operating system; however, compatibility with Slackware is still maintained.
ZipSlack A lightweight and portable version of Slackware.

Android-based

[edit]

Android is a mobile operating system bought and currently being developed by Google, based on a Google modified Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.[120] Despite Android's core mobile focus, some laptop oriented derivatives like Android-x86 have come out over the years since its initial release.

Distribution Description
/e/ /e/ (also known as /e/ OS and /e/OS, formerly Eelo) is an Android-based mobile operating system and associated online services. The operating system is a fork of LineageOS and Android.
Android-x86 Android-x86 is an open source project which produces an unofficial port of the Android mobile operating system. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance, and is made to run on devices powered by x86 processors, rather than RISC-based ARM chips. Respective mods CyanogenMod and LineageOS for x86 were and are available.
CalyxOS CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."
CopperheadOS CopperheadOS is a mobile operating system for smartphones, based on the Android mobile platform. It adds privacy and security features to the official releases of the Android Open Source Project by Google.
CyanogenMod A discontinued open-source operating system for mobile devices, based on the Android mobile platform. LineageOS is an actively maintained fork of CyanogenMod.[121][122]
DivestOS DivestOS is a free operating system (OS) based on the Android mobile platform. It is a soft fork of LineageOS that aims to increase security and privacy, and support older devices. As much as possible it removes proprietary Android components and includes only free-software.
Fire OS An Android-based mobile operating system produced by Amazon for its Fire Phone and Kindle Fire range of tablets, Echo and Echo Dot, and other content delivery devices like Fire TV.
GrapheneOS GrapheneOS (formerly Android Hardening or AndroidHardening) is an Android-based, open source, privacy and security-focused mobile operating system for selected Google Pixel smartphones.
LineageOS A free and open-source operating system for smartphones, tablet computers, and set-top boxes, based on the Android mobile platform.
OmniROM OmniROM is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. It involves a number of prominent developers from other projects, including the discontinued CyanogenMod operating system.[123]
Paranoid Android Paranoid Android is an open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform.
Remix OS Remix OS was a computer operating system for personal computers with x86 and ARM architectures that, prior to discontinuation of development, shipped with a number of 1st- and 3rd-party devices. Remix OS allowed PC users to run Android mobile apps on any compatible Intel-based PC.
Replicant A free operating system (OS) based on the Android mobile platform that aims to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software counterparts.
Resurrection Remix OS Resurrection Remix OS, abbreviated as RR, is a free and open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform.

Source-based

[edit]
Distribution Description
CRUX CRUX is a lightweight, x86-64-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced users. The focus is "keep it simple", which is reflected in a simple tar.xz-based package system, BSD-style initscripts, and a relatively small collection of trimmed packages. Inspiration for Arch Linux.
GNU Guix System A distribution built around the GNU Guix package manager, which provides purely functional package management with build automation, build isolation, easy system upgrades and rollbacks, and an emphasis on free software.[124] Supports amongst others unprivileged package management and per-user profiles.
GoboLinux A Linux distribution which redefines the file system hierarchy by installing everything belonging to one application in one folder under /Programs, and using symlinks from /System and its subfolders to point to the proper files.
NixOS Declarative Linux distribution with atomic upgrades and rollbacks built on top of Nix package manager. Any package build is able to be freely edited and rebuilt from source. An official binary cache is also available for unmodified packages.
Source Mage A source code-based Linux distribution, descended from Sorcerer.
T2 SDE A System Development Environment for building a Linux distribution.

Other distributions

[edit]

The following distributions have not been categorized under the preceding sections.

Distribution Description
4MLinux A lightweight Linux distribution made for both 32-bit and 64-bit. When installing programs with the distribution, the distribution will retrieve the Windows version rather than the Linux version due to it coming pre-installed with Wine (A compatibility layer for Windows applications), and not having any package manager.
Alpine Linux A security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox. Has a derivative, postmarketOS, for mobile devices.
Android A open source operating system that uses a modified Linux kernel, it is primarily developed by Google. For a list of Android-based operating systems, See: List of custom Android distributions
CHAOS a small (6 MB) Linux distribution designed for creating ad hoc computer clusters.
Chimera Linux An independent Linux distribution that uses FreeBSD utilities, LLVM and Clang for compiling software, dinit init system, and musl libc.
Clear Linux OS Intel's rolling-release Linux distribution, optimized for Intel's own processors for performance and security.
DD-WRT Embedded firewall Linux distribution.
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre A Linux distribution written entirely from scratch[125] and sharing some similarities with Slackware. Approved by the GNU Project as a free operating system.[126]
ELinOS Linux distribution for embedded systems by SYSGO. ELinOS focuses on industrial application and provides real-time extensions.
Firefox OS A discontinued open-source operating system – made for smartphones, tablet computers and smart TVs – designed by Mozilla and external contributors.
fli4l A router and firewall Linux distribution[127]
Foresight Linux A rolling release Linux distribution built around the Conary package manager.
GeeXboX Live CD media center Linux distribution, mainly to play special-encoded video files (e.g.: .ogg, XVID) on home theater.
Jlime Linux distribution for the HP Jornada 6xx and 7xx and NEC MobilePro 900(c) handhelds.
KaiOS A mobile operating system based on Linux, developed by KaiOS Technologies, a US-based company.
Kwort A distribution originally based on CRUX. Contrary to CRUX, the user does not need to compile a new kernel.
Lightweight Portable Security (LPS) A CRUX-based distribution created by the United States Department of Defense that boots entirely in RAM[128][129]
LinuxConsole Independently developed lightweight distribution for old computers made with causal users and youth in mind.
Linux for PlayStation 2 Sony Computer Entertainment Linux distribution released officially for the PlayStation 2 video game console.
Linux Router Project Embedded networking appliance progenitor (defunct).
MeeGo A discontinued Linux distribution hosted by the Linux Foundation, using source code from the operating systems Moblin (produced by Intel) and Maemo (produced by Nokia).
MkLinux A legacy Linux distribution for PowerPC systems that runs the Linux kernel as a server on top of the Mach microkernel.
Nitix Developed by Net Integration Technologies Inc., Nitix claims to be the first autonomic Linux kernel–based server operating system.
MontaVista Linux Embedded distribution by MontaVista Software.
OpenWrt A router and firewall Linux distribution, also other embedded systems, a lot of routing options via opkg available.
postmarketOS A security-oriented, lightweight distribution for mobile devices.
Prevas Industrial Linux Embedded systems customizable Linux distribution by Prevas.
Puppy Linux A mini Linux distribution which runs well under low-end PCs – even under 32 MB RAM.
rPath A distribution built around the Conary package manager. Discontinued.
SliTaz With less than 40 MB a very small Live-Distribution, which uses 256 MB RAM (or with a special edition only 24 MB[130]) for a complete GUI.
Smallfoot Embedded, gaming and point-of-sale Linux distribution developed by the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), formerly Caldera International and Caldera Systems – based on Caldera OpenLinux 3.x and 4.x binaries.
SmoothWall A router and firewall Linux distribution.
paldo Independently developed desktop operating system and package manager (upkg) with a rolling release format and standard Gnome environment.
Sailfish OS A Linux-based operating system based on open source projects such as Mer and including a closed source UI. The project is being developed by the Finnish company Jolla.
Solus Desktop Linux distribution offering Budgie, GNOME, MATE and KDE Plasma desktop environments, eopkg for package management.
Tinfoil Hat Linux Bootable floppy Linux distribution focusing on extreme security.
Tiny Core Linux A minimalist (around 10 MB) Linux system focusing on providing a base system with BusyBox, FLTK and other minimalist software.
Tizen A Linux-based mobile operating system backed by the Linux Foundation but developed and used primarily by Samsung Electronics.
tomsrtbt Root boot from floppy disk. Last update May 2002.
Void Linux An independent Linux distribution based on the XBPS package management system and runit, without systemd dependency.

Historical distributions

[edit]
Distribution Description
MCC Interim Linux Possibly the first Linux distribution, created by the Manchester Computing Centre in February 1992.
Softlanding Linux System One of the earliest Linux distributions, developed from 1992 to 1994; Slackware was originally based on it.
Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X One of the oldest Linux distributions (December 1992), not updated since 1995.

See also

[edit]

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Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Using Ubuntu Linux/Ubuntu Variations
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