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Transposed letter effect#Internet meme

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+#REDIRECT [[Transposed letter effect#Internet meme]]
-{{orphan|date=February 2009}}
+{{Redirect category shell|
-'''Typoglycemia''' is a [[neologism]] given to a purported recent discovery about the [[Cognition|cognitive]] processes behind reading written text. The word does not refer to any actual medical condition related to [[hypoglycemia]]. The  word appears to be a [[portmanteau]] of "typo", as in [[typographical error]], and "hypoglycemia". It is an [[urban legend]]/[[Internet phenomenon|Internet meme]] that appears to have an element of truth to it.
+{{R from merge}}
+{{R to related topic}}
-The legend, propagated by email and message boards, purportedly demonstrates that readers can understand the meaning of words in a sentence even when the interior letters of each word are scrambled. As long as all the necessary letters are present, and the first and last letters remain the same, readers appear to have little trouble reading the text.
+{{R to section}}
+{{R with possibilities}}
-One email message reads as follows:
+{{R printworthy}}
-{| class="wikitable"
+{{R with Wikidata item}}
-|-
+}}
-! Original text !! Intended message
-|-
-|"I cdn'uolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg: the phaonmneel pweor of the hmuan mnid. Aoccdrnig to a rseearch taem at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Scuh a cdonition is arppoiatrely cllaed Typoglycemia  .
-"Amzanig huh? Yaeh and you awlyas thguoht slpeling was ipmorantt."
-||"I couldn't believe that I could actually understand what I was reading: the phenomenal power of the human mind. According to a research team at [[Cambridge University]], it doesn't matter in what order the letters in a word are, the only important thing is that the first and last letter be in the right place.  The rest can be a total mess and you can still read it without a problem. This is because the human mind does not read every letter by itself, but the word as a whole. Such a condition is appropriately called Typoglycemia.
-"Amazing, huh? Yeah and you always thought spelling was important."
-|}
-However, the following example based on the same principle, but where all the letters are reversed rather than randomly jumbled, is much more difficult to read:
-{| class="wikitable"
-|-
-! Original text !! Intended message
-|-
-|"Anidroccg to crad–cniyrrag lcitsiugnis planoissefors at an uemannd utisreviny in Bsitirh Cibmuloa, and crartnoy to the duoibus cmials of the ueticnd rcraeseh, a slpmie, macinahcel ioisrevnn of ianretnl cretcarahs araepps sneiciffut to csufnoe the eadyrevy oekoolnr."
-||"According to card-carrying linguistics professionals at an unnamed university in British Columbia, and contrary to the dubious claims of the uncited research, a simple,  mechanical inversion of internal characters appears sufficient to confuse the everyday onlooker."
-|}
-No such research was carried out at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]]. The creation of such email messages started with a [http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg16221887.600 letter] to the [[New Scientist]] magazine  from Graham Rawlinson of  [[Nottingham University]] in which he discusses his [[Ph.D.]] thesis, suggesting to keep '''two''' first and final letters of each word:
-{| class="wikitable"
-|-
-! Original text !! Intended message
-|-
-|"In a puiltacibon of New Scnieitst you could ramdinose all the letetrs, keipeng the first two and last two the same, and reibadailty would hadrly be aftcfeed. My ansaylis did not come to much beucase the thoery at the time was for shape and senqeuce retigcionon. Saberi's work sugsegts we may have some pofrweul palrlael prsooscers at work. The resaon for this is suerly that idnetiyfing coentnt by paarllel prseocsing speeds up regnicoiton. We only need the first and last two letetrs to spot chganes in meniang."
-||"In a publication of New Scientist you could randomise all the letters, keeping the first two and last two the same, and readability would hardly be affected. My analysis did not come to much because the theory at the time was for shape and sequence recognition. Saberi's work suggests we may have some powerful parallel processors at work. The reason for this is surely that identifying content by parallel processing speeds up recognition. We only need the first and last two letters to spot changes in meaning."
-|}
-== Counter examples ==
-Typoglycemia is not always reliable.
-Consider following example pairs:
-* Send $100m aid to [[Tanzania]] urgently.
-* Send $100m aid to [[Tasmania]] urgently.
-* [[Armenia]] vote tests fragile democracy.
-* [[United States|America]] vote tests fragile democracy.
-* I was reading [[Martin Kemp (entertainer)|Martin Kemp]]'s biography.
-* I was reading [[Mein Kampf]].
-Too quick a glance can lead to a potential dreadful result; one is not likely to think of all possible mistakes.
-== References ==
-* [http://www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/people/matt.davis/Cmabrigde/rawlinson.html Summary] of ''"The Significance of Letter Position in Word Recognition'' PhD Thesis, 1976, Nottingham University, by Graham Rawlinson
-* [http://www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/people/matt.davis/cmabridge/index.html Discussion of the meme by Matt Davis of Cambridge University]
-* [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg16221887.600 The 1999 letter to the New Scientist]
-* [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4126417 Abstract of Graham Rawlinson's Thesis in Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE, Jan 2007]
-== Resources ==
-* [http://4umi.com/web/javascript/scramble.php Text scrambler, Javascript-code and explanations.]
-* Scripts for scrambling: [http://www.jwz.org/hacks/scrmable.pl Perl], [http://doofsmack.com/code/js/bookmarklets/scrmable.html Javascript]
-* [http://drupal.org/project/messletters_filter Mess Letters Filter], a [[Drupal]] module providing this type of text scrambling
-[[Category:Internet memes]]
-[[Category:Nonstandard spelling]]
-[[Category:Cognitive linguistics]]
-[[de:Buchstabensalat]]