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{{Short description|Japanese satellite}}
{{copy edit|date=October 2012}}
{{sections|date=October 2012}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}
'''Broadcasting Satellite''' or '''BS''' is a common name of one of the [[direct broadcast satellite]]s in Japan.


{{Nihongo|'''''Yuri'''''|百合||{{lit}} "[[Lilium|lily]]"|lead=yes}}, also known as '''Broadcasting Satellite''' or '''BS''', was a series of Japanese [[direct broadcast satellite]]s.
The first satellite of this series, called BSE or Yuri was launched in 1978. The last BS series satellite, BS-3b, was launched in 1991.


The first satellite of this series, called BSE or Yuri 1, was launched in 1978. The last BS series satellite, BS-3b (Yuri 3b), was launched in 1991.
The 350 kg BSE was followed in 1984 and 1986 by the operational and essentially identical BS-2a and BS-2b, respectively. Each spacecraft carried two active and one spare 100 W. 14/12 GHz [[transponder]]s. Built by [[Toshiba]] with assistance from [[General Electric]], the BS-2 series satellites were designed for five years of operation. BS-2a was moved to a graveyard [[orbit]] in 1989, followed by BS-2b in 1992.


==Early models==
'''BS''' satellites were used for [[Direct-To-Home]] television services in Japan. Japanese [[satellite television]], which uses an analog [[Content format|format]], started with test broadcasts carried out by the semigovernmental [[NHK]] (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) in 1984. It was considered that direct satellite TV reception (DTH) was obtainable by a small parabolic [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]] from 40 cm to 60 cm in diameter in all areas of [[Japan]] when broadcast from a [[geostationary]] earth orbit (GEO) of 110 [[degree (angle)|degree]]s of east longitude. All BS satellites have been of the same basic configuration: 3-[[Axis of rotation|axis]] stabilization of a rectangular [[spacecraft]] [[bus]] with two elongated [[photovoltaic array|solar arrays]].
The {{Convert|350|kg|abbr=on}} BSE was followed in 1984 and 1986 by the operational and essentially identical BS-2a and BS-2b satellites, respectively. Each spacecraft carried two active and one spare 100 W. 14/12 GHz [[transponder]]. Built by [[EURO (company)|EURO]] with assistance from [[ASR (company)|ASR]], the BS-2 series satellites were designed for five years of operation. BS-2a was moved to a [[graveyard orbit]] in 1989, as was BS-2b in 1992.
After the first successful test of satellite broadcasting with a TV signal, many Japanese producers of consumer electronics began to deliver a range of equipment with built-in [[satellite]] [[Receiver (radio)|receivers]] to the local consumer market.

==BS satellites==
BS satellites were used for [[Direct-To-Home]] television services in Japan. Japanese [[satellite television]], which uses an analog [[Content format|format]], started with test broadcasts carried out by the semigovernmental [[NHK]] (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) in 1984. At the time, direct satellite TV reception (DTH) was obtainable with a small parabolic [[Antenna (radio)|antenna]] 40 cm to 60 cm in diameter in all areas of Japan when broadcast from a [[geostationary]] earth orbit (GEO) at 110 [[degree (angle)|degree]]s east longitude. All BS satellites were of the same basic configuration: 3-[[Axis of rotation|axis]] stabilization of a rectangular [[satellite bus]] with two elongated [[photovoltaic array|solar arrays]].
After the first successful test of satellite broadcasting with a TV signal, many Japanese producers of consumer electronics began to deliver a range of equipment with built-in [[satellite]] [[Receiver (radio)|receivers]] for the local consumer market. This included the [[Satellaview]] [[satellite modem]] peripheral for [[Nintendo]]'s [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Famicom]] system, as well as [[satellite television]] and [[satellite radio]] services for the Japanese market.


Eventually, the satellites of the BS series were replaced by the more advanced [[Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation|B-Sat]] series.
Eventually, the satellites of the BS series were replaced by the more advanced [[Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation|B-Sat]] series.


== Satellites ==
==Satellites==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; font-size:97%;" width="85%"
|+Broadcasting Satellites
! Satellite
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''#'''
! Launch Date
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''Satellite'''
! Vehicle
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''NSSDC ID'''
! Launch Site
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''Launch Date'''
! NSSDC ID
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''Launch Site'''
! Comments
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''Rocket'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''Outcome'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#BBB" | '''Notes'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| BSE
| BSE
| nowrap | [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-039A 1978-039A]
| 1978-04-07
| 1978-04-07
| nowrap | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17|SLC-17]]
| [[Delta_rocket#Delta_2000-Series|Delta 2914]]
| [[Delta rocket#Delta 2000-Series|Delta 2914]]
| [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17 |CCAFS LC-17]]
| {{yes|Success}}
| [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-039A 1978-039A]
| Also known as "Yuri 1"
| Also known as "Yuri 1".
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| BS-2A
| BS-2A
| [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-005A 1984-005A]
| 1984-01-23
| 1984-01-23
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tanegashima Space Center|Tanegashima]]
| [[N-2 (rocket) |N-2]]
| [[N-2 (rocket)|N-2]]
| [[Tanegashima Space Center |Tanegashima]]
| {{yes|Success}}
| [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1984-005A 1984-005A]
| Two of three transponders failed within three months<ref name=compete>{{cite web |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/16792869.html |title=Learning to compete in Japan, part 2 |publisher=Entrepreneur.com |date=1995}}</ref>
| Two of three transponders failed within three months
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| BS-2B
| BS-2B
| [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1986-016A 1986-016A]
| 1986-02-12
| 1986-02-12
| {{flagicon|JPN}} Tanegashima
| N-2
| N-2
| {{yes|Success}}
| Tanegashima
|
| [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1986-016A 1986-016A]
|
|-
| BS-X
| 1990-02
|
|
|
| Launch failure<ref>{{cite paper|last = Yeop|first = Oh W.|author = Oh W. Yeop|coauthors = For Jean Jade|title = 위성방송시대를 대비한 남북한 - 방송방식 통합에 관한 연구 TV|pages = 14|publisher = [[KT (telecommunication company)|Korea Telecom Association]]|date = 1991|url = http://register.itfind.or.kr/Report01/200302/IITA/IITA-2761/IITA-2761.pdf|format = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]]|accessdate = 2009-02-15}}</ref>
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| BS-2X
| BS-2X
|
| 1990-02-22
| 1990-02-22
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Guiana Space Centre|Kourou]]
| [[Ariane 44L]]
| [[Ariane 44L]]
| {{no|Launch failure}}
| [[Guiana Space Centre |CSG]]
| Destroyed during launch of Ariane V36.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tse.edu/tse/online/lanc_ariane_v36.html |title=TSE - Ariane V36 |publisher=The Satellite Encyclopedia}}</ref>
|
| Destroyed during launch of Ariane V36<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tse.edu/tse/online/lanc_ariane_v36.html |title=TSE - Ariane V36 |publisher=The Satellite Encyclopedia}}</ref>
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| BS-3A
| BS-3A
| [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-077A 1990-077A]
| 1990-08-28
| 1990-08-28
| {{flagicon|JPN}} Tanegashima
| [[H-I]]
| [[H-I]]
| {{yes|Success}}
| Tanegashima Space Center,Tanegashima Japan
| [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1990-077A 1990-077A]
|
|
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| BS-3H
| BS-3H
| 1991-04-19
| [[Atlas I |Atlas-Centaur]]
| [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 36 |CCAFS LC-36]]
|
|
| 1991-04-19
| Destroyed during launch of Atlas-Centaur #070<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/lanc_atlas_ac070.html |title=TSE - Atlas AC070 |publisher=The Satellite Encyclopedia}}</ref>
| {{flagicon|USA}} Cape Canaveral [[Spaceport Florida Launch Complex 36|LC-36]]
|-
| [[Atlas I|Atlas-Centaur]]
| {{no|Launch failure}}
| Destroyed during launch of Atlas-Centaur 070.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/lanc_atlas_ac070.html |title=TSE - Atlas AC070 |publisher=The Satellite Encyclopedia}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| BS-3B
| BS-3B
| [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1991-060A 1991-060A]
| 1991-08-25
| 1991-08-25
| {{flagicon|JPN}} Tanegashima
| H-I
| H-I
| {{yes|Success}}
| Tanegashima
|
| [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1991-060A 1991-060A]
|
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| BS-3N
| BS-3N
| [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1994-040B 1994-040B]
| 1994-07-08
| 1994-07-08
| {{flagicon|FRA}} Kourou
| Ariane 44L
| Ariane 44L
| {{yes|Success}}
| [[Guiana Space Centre |CSG]]
| [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1994-040B 1994-040B]
|
|
|}
|}


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/japan/bs.htm BS-Japan and Satellite Communication Services]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/japan/bs.htm BS-Japan and Satellite Communication Services]
* [http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/dayori-new/en/toki-0112e.html Broadcasting Technology and Time]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930024810/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/dayori-new/en/toki-0112e.html Broadcasting Technology and Time]
* [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:iasHySXhqvoJ:www2.nict.go.jp/mt/b150/SJR/English/english12-1/eiseiyowae.pdf+BS-3+satellite&hl=ru&gl=ru&ct=clnk&cd=3 Satellite Commentary]
* [http://www.weblio.jp/content/Broadcasting+Satellite+2 Broadcasting Satellite 2]
* [http://www.weblio.jp/content/Broadcasting+Satellite+2 Broadcasting Satellite 2]
* [http://www.weblio.jp/content/Broadcasting+Satellite+3 Broadcasting Satellite 3]
* [http://www.weblio.jp/content/Broadcasting+Satellite+3 Broadcasting Satellite 3]


{{Japanese space program}}


[[Category:Satellite television]]
[[Category:Satellites of Japan]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Japan]]
[[Category:Direct broadcast satellite services]]
[[Category:Direct broadcast satellite services]]

[[ja:放送衛星]]

Latest revision as of 18:27, 24 August 2024

Yuri (Japanese: 百合, lit. "lily"), also known as Broadcasting Satellite or BS, was a series of Japanese direct broadcast satellites.

The first satellite of this series, called BSE or Yuri 1, was launched in 1978. The last BS series satellite, BS-3b (Yuri 3b), was launched in 1991.

Early models

[edit]

The 350 kg (770 lb) BSE was followed in 1984 and 1986 by the operational and essentially identical BS-2a and BS-2b satellites, respectively. Each spacecraft carried two active and one spare 100 W. 14/12 GHz transponder. Built by EURO with assistance from ASR, the BS-2 series satellites were designed for five years of operation. BS-2a was moved to a graveyard orbit in 1989, as was BS-2b in 1992.

BS satellites

[edit]

BS satellites were used for Direct-To-Home television services in Japan. Japanese satellite television, which uses an analog format, started with test broadcasts carried out by the semigovernmental NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) in 1984. At the time, direct satellite TV reception (DTH) was obtainable with a small parabolic antenna 40 cm to 60 cm in diameter in all areas of Japan when broadcast from a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) at 110 degrees east longitude. All BS satellites were of the same basic configuration: 3-axis stabilization of a rectangular satellite bus with two elongated solar arrays. After the first successful test of satellite broadcasting with a TV signal, many Japanese producers of consumer electronics began to deliver a range of equipment with built-in satellite receivers for the local consumer market. This included the Satellaview satellite modem peripheral for Nintendo's Super Famicom system, as well as satellite television and satellite radio services for the Japanese market.

Eventually, the satellites of the BS series were replaced by the more advanced B-Sat series.

Satellites

[edit]
Broadcasting Satellites
# Satellite NSSDC ID Launch Date Launch Site Rocket Outcome Notes
1 BSE 1978-039A 1978-04-07 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-17 Delta 2914 Success Also known as "Yuri 1".
2 BS-2A 1984-005A 1984-01-23 Japan Tanegashima N-2 Success Two of three transponders failed within three months
3 BS-2B 1986-016A 1986-02-12 Japan Tanegashima N-2 Success
5 BS-2X 1990-02-22 France Kourou Ariane 44L Launch failure Destroyed during launch of Ariane V36.[1]
6 BS-3A 1990-077A 1990-08-28 Japan Tanegashima H-I Success
7 BS-3H 1991-04-19 United States Cape Canaveral LC-36 Atlas-Centaur Launch failure Destroyed during launch of Atlas-Centaur 070.[2]
8 BS-3B 1991-060A 1991-08-25 Japan Tanegashima H-I Success
9 BS-3N 1994-040B 1994-07-08 France Kourou Ariane 44L Success

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "TSE - Ariane V36". The Satellite Encyclopedia.
  2. ^ "TSE - Atlas AC070". The Satellite Encyclopedia.
[edit]
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