Zhang Haipeng: Difference between revisions

Zhang Haipeng
Chang Hai-p'eng
Zhang Haipeng; Chang Hai-p'eng;
張海鵬
	Manuchukuo General Zhang Haipeng
Governor of Rehe Province
	In office; March 1933 – November 1934
Monarch	Emperor Puyi
Personal details
Born	1867; Gaizhou, Liaoning Province, Qing dynasty
Died	1949; Beijing, People's Republic of China
Citizenship	Manchukuo
Alma mater	Northeast Military Academy
Military service
Allegiance	Qing dynasty; China (Beiyang Government); Fengtian clique; Manchukuo;
Branch/service	Northeastern Army; Manchukuo Imperial Army; Taoliao Army/Rehe Guard Army;
Unit	(Fengtian) 2nd Provincial Defense Brigade

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Zhang Haipeng (simplified Chinese: 张海鹏; traditional Chinese: 張海鵬; pinyin: Zhāng Hǎipéng; Wade–Giles: Chang Hai-p'eng, Hepburn: Chō Kaihō; 1867–1949), was a Chinese Northeastern Army general, who went over to the Japanese during the Invasion of Manchuria and became a general in the Manchukuo Imperial Army of the State of Manchuria.

Biography

Zhang was a member of the Honghuzi irregular cavalry forces of the Manchurian warlord Feng Delin during the First Sino-Japanese War. These forces were recruited as mercenaries by the Japanese during the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 to 1905. He subsequently studied at the Northeast Military Academy built by Gen. Zhao Erxun. Following the Xinhai Revolution, he was assigned command of an infantry regiment under the Republic of China; however, he supported Zhang Xun's abortive attempt to restore the Qing dynasty in 1917. He afterwards joined forces with Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. In 1923 he was appointed a commissioner of the Chinese Eastern Railway and participated in the First Zhili–Fengtian War. in early 1931 his forces were involved in the suppression of the Gada Meiren uprising.

In early October 1931, shortly after the Mukden Incident at Taonan in the northwest of Liaobei province, Zhang—who was commander of the 2nd Provincial Defense Brigade—took command of the local forces including the Xing'an Reclamation Army and declared the district independent of China, in return for a shipment of a large quantity of military supplies by the Imperial Japanese Army.

Zhang followed up his political move by leading the men of the Xing'an Reclamation Army north to attack Gen. Ma Zhanshan, the newly appointed governor of Heilongjiang province. Soon after Zhang advanced upon Ma's capital at Qiqihar, Ma offered to surrender it. Encouraged by Japanese Kwantung Army Gen. Shigeru Honjō, Zhang advanced cautiously to accept Ma's surrender. However, Zhang's advance guard was attacked by Ma's troops in the Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge and it was routed.

Following the establishment of the State of Manchukuo in March 1932, Zhang was reappointed to command his old force, which was now renamed the Taoliao Army. He led Manchukouan troops against the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies during the Pacification of Manchukuo and in the Japanese invasion of Rehe in Operation Nekka. Afterwards he was appointed to command the newly organized Rehe Guard Army, which became the 5th District Army "Chengde" after the 1934 reorganization of the Manchukuoan Army. From March 1933 to November 1934 he was Governor of Rehe Province. He was promoted to full general in the Manchukuo Army in 1936. In 1941 he went into retirement.

After the collapse of Manchukuo in 1945, Chang went into hiding in Tianjin, but was discovered, tried and executed for treason by the People's Republic of China in 1949 in Beijing.

Sources

Boycott, Bloodshed & Puppetry From TIME magazine Oct. 26, 1931
Jowett, Phillip J., Rays of the Rising Sun Vol 1., Helion & Co. Ltd. 2004.
Rugui, Guo (2005). China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations. Jiangsu People's Publishing House. ISBN 7-214-03034-9.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Chinese general (1867–1949)}}
+{{family name hatnote|[[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]]|lang=Chinese}}
 {{Infobox officeholder
 |honorific-prefix   =
-|name               = Zhang Haipeng
+|name               = {{Ubl | Zhang Haipeng | {{nobold|Chang Hai-p'eng}} }}
-|native_name        = 張海鵬
+|native_name        = {{nobold|張海鵬}}
 |native_name_lang   = zh
 |honorific-suffix   =
@@ Line 52: / Line 54: @@
 |majority2          =  <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
 |birth_date         = 1867
-|birth_place        = [[Gaizhou]], [[Liaoning Province]], [[Qing Dynasty]]
+|birth_place        = [[Gaizhou]], [[Liaoning Province]], [[Qing dynasty]]
 |death_date         = 1949
 |death_place        = [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China]]
@@ Line 90: / Line 92: @@
 <!--Military service-->
 |nickname           =
-|allegiance         = [[Republic of China]] ([[Beiyang Government]])<br>[[Fengtian clique]]<br>[[Manchukuo]]
+|allegiance         = {{Ubl
+  | {{flag|Qing dynasty}}
-|branch             = '''(Fengtian)''' [[Northeastern Army]]<br>'''([[Manchukuo Imperial Army]])''' [[Taoliao Army]]/[[Rehe Guard Army]]
+  | {{flag|China|1912}} ([[Beiyang Government]])
+  | {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Fengtian clique]]
+  | {{flag|Manchukuo}}
+  }}
+|branch             = {{Ubl
+  | {{flagicon image|十九星旗.svg}} [[Northeastern Army]]
+  | {{army|Manchukuo}}
+  | [[Taoliao Army]]/[[Rehe Guard Army]]
+  }}
 |serviceyears       =
 |rank               =
@@ Line 109: / Line 120: @@
 |military_data5     =
 }}
+'''Zhang Haipeng''' ({{zh|s=张海鹏|t=張海鵬|p=Zhāng Hǎipéng|w=Chang Hai-p'eng}}, [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: ''Chō Kaihō''; 1867–1949), was a Chinese [[Northeastern Army]] general, who went over to the Japanese during the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|Invasion of Manchuria]] and became a general in the [[Manchukuo Imperial Army]] of the [[State of Manchuria]].
-{{Infobox person
-| name        =
-| image       =
-| alt         =
-| caption     =
-| birth_date  =
-| birth_place =
-| death_date  =
-| death_place =
-| ethnicity   = [[Han Chinese]]
-| citizenship =
-| other_names = Chang Hai-p'eng
-| known_for   =
-| occupation  = }}
-{{Chinese name|[[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]]}}
-''' Zhang Haipeng''' ({{zh|s=张海鹏|t=張海鵬|p=Zhāng Hǎipéng|w=Chang Hai-p'eng}}) (1867&ndash;1949), was a Chinese [[Northeastern Army]] general, who went over to the Japanese during the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|Invasion of Manchuria]] and became a general in the [[Manchukuo Imperial Army]] of the state of [[Manchukuo]].
 ==Biography==
-Zhang was a member of the [[Honghuzi]] irregular cavalry forces of the Manchurian [[warlord]] [[Feng Delin]] during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. These forces were recruited as mercenaries by the Japanese during the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904-1904. He subsequently studied at the Northeast Military Academy built by General [[Zhao Erxun]]. Following the [[Xinhai Revolution]], he was assigned command of an infantry regiment under the [[Republic of China]]; however, he supported [[Zhang Xun (Republic of China)|Zhang Xun]]'s abortive attempt to restore the [[Qing dynasty]] in 1917. He afterwards joined forces with Manchurian warlord [[Zhang Zuolin]]. In 1923, he was appointed a commissioner of the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] and participated in the [[First Zhili–Fengtian War]]. in early 1931, his forces were involved in the suppression of the [[Gada Meiren]] uprising.
+Zhang was a member of the [[Honghuzi]] irregular cavalry forces of the Manchurian [[warlord]] [[Feng Delin]] during the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. These forces were recruited as mercenaries by the Japanese during the [[Russo-Japanese War]] from 1904 to 1905. He subsequently studied at the Northeast Military Academy built by Gen. [[Zhao Erxun]]. Following the [[Xinhai Revolution]], he was assigned command of an infantry regiment under the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]; however, he supported [[Zhang Xun (Qing loyalist)|Zhang Xun]]'s abortive attempt to restore the [[Qing dynasty]] in 1917. He afterwards joined forces with Manchurian warlord [[Zhang Zuolin]]. In 1923 he was appointed a commissioner of the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] and participated in the [[First Zhili–Fengtian War]]. in early 1931 his forces were involved in the suppression of the [[Gada Meiren]] uprising.
-In early October 1931, shortly after the [[Mukden Incident]], at [[Taonan]] in the northwest of [[Liaoning]] province, Zhang, who was commander of the 2nd Provincial Defense Brigade, took command of the local forces including the [[Manchukuo Imperial Army|Hsingan Reclamation Army]] and declared the district independent of China, in return for a shipment of a large quantity of military supplies by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]].
+In early October 1931, shortly after the [[Mukden Incident]] at [[Taonan]] in the northwest of [[Liaobei|Liaobei province]], Zhang—who was commander of the 2nd Provincial Defense Brigade—took command of the local forces including the [[Manchukuo Imperial Army|Xing'an Reclamation Army]] and declared the district independent of China, in return for a shipment of a large quantity of military supplies by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]].
-Zhang followed his political move up by leading the men of the Hsingan Reclamation Army north to attack General [[Ma Zhanshan]] the newly appointed governor of [[Heilungkiang]] province. Soon after Zhang advanced upon Ma's capital at [[Qiqihar]], Ma offered to surrender it.  Encouraged by Japanese [[Kwantung Army]] General [[Shigeru Honjō]], Zhang advanced cautiously to accept General Ma's surrender. However Zhang's advance guard was attacked by Ma's troops in the [[Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge]] and it was routed.
+Zhang followed up his political move by leading the men of the Xing'an Reclamation Army north to attack Gen. [[Ma Zhanshan]], the newly appointed governor of [[Heilongjiang]] province. Soon after Zhang advanced upon Ma's capital at [[Qiqihar]], Ma offered to surrender it. Encouraged by Japanese [[Kwantung Army]] Gen. [[Shigeru Honjō]], Zhang advanced cautiously to accept Ma's surrender. However, Zhang's advance guard was attacked by Ma's troops in the [[Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge]] and it was routed.
-Following the establishment of the State of Manchukuo in March 1932, Zhang was reappointed to commanded his old force, which was now renamed the [[Taoliao Army]]. He led Manchukouan troops against the [[Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies]] during the [[Pacification of Manchukuo]] and in the Japanese invasion of [[Rehe (province)|Rehe]] in [[Operation Nekka]].  Afterwards, he was appointed to command the newly organized [[Rehe Guard Army]], which became the [[Manchukuo_Imperial_Army#1934_organization|5th District Army "Chengde"]] after the 1934 reorganization of the Manchukuoan Army. From March 1933 to November 1934, he was Governor of Rehe Province. He was promoted to full general in the Manchukuo Army in 1936. In 1941, he went into retirement.
+Following the establishment of the State of Manchukuo in March 1932, Zhang was reappointed to command his old force, which was now renamed the [[Taoliao Army]]. He led Manchukouan troops against the [[Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies]] during the [[Pacification of Manchukuo]] and in the Japanese invasion of [[Rehe (province)|Rehe]] in [[Operation Nekka]]. Afterwards he was appointed to command the newly organized [[Rehe Guard Army]], which became the [[Manchukuo Imperial Army#1934 organization|5th District Army "Chengde"]] after the 1934 reorganization of the Manchukuoan Army. From March 1933 to November 1934 he was Governor of Rehe Province. He was promoted to full general in the Manchukuo Army in 1936. In 1941 he went into retirement.
-After the collapse of Manchukuo in 1945, Chang went into hiding in [[Tianjin]], but was discovered and executed for [[hanjian|treason]] by the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949 in Beijing.
+After the collapse of Manchukuo in 1945, Chang went into hiding in [[Tianjin]], but was discovered, tried and executed for [[hanjian|treason]] by the [[People's Republic of China]] in 1949 in Beijing.
 ==Sources==
+{{no footnotes|date=February 2016}}
-* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742499-1,00.html  Boycott, Bloodshed & Puppetry  From TIME magazine Oct. 26, 1931]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930050159/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742499-1,00.html Boycott, Bloodshed & Puppetry From TIME magazine Oct. 26, 1931]
 * Jowett, Phillip J., ''Rays of the Rising Sun Vol 1.'', Helion & Co. Ltd. 2004.
-* China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations
+*{{Cite book|url=http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm%5B%5D|title=China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations|last=Rugui|first=Guo|publisher=Jiangsu People's Publishing House|year=2005|isbn=7-214-03034-9}}
-** Author : Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang
-** Press : Jiangsu People's Publishing House
-** Date published : 2005-7-1
-** ISBN 7-214-03034-9
-** This is transcribed at
-** http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Haipeng, Zhang
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Chinese general
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 1867
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Gaizhou]], [[Liaoning Province]], [[Late Imperial China|China]]
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 1949
-| PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Beijing]], China
-}}
-[[Category:Republic of China Army generals]]
-[[Category:Chinese people of World War II]]
-[[Category:Chinese collaborators with Imperial Japan]]
-[[Category:Chinese people executed for collaboration with Japan]]
-[[Category:People of Manchukuo]]
 [[Category:1867 births]]
 [[Category:1949 deaths]]
+[[Category:Republic of China Army generals]]
+[[Category:Executed Chinese collaborators with Imperial Japan]]
-[[cs:Čang Chaj-pcheng]]
+[[Category:People from Yingkou]]
-[[de:Zhang Haipeng]]
+[[Category:Generals from Liaoning]]
-[[ja:張海鵬]]
+[[Category:Generals of Manchukuo]]
-[[ru:Чжан Хайпэн]]
+[[Category:People executed by China by firearm]]
-[[zh:张海鹏]]