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{{About year|1840}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1840}}
{{Year nav|1840}}
{{Year nav|1840}}
[[File:Penny Black Block of six.jpeg|thumb|250px|[[May 6]]: The world's first [[postage stamp]]s are introduced.]]
[[File:Victoria Marriage01.jpg|thumb|250px|[[February 10]]: Queen Victoria of Britain marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.]]
{{C19 year in topic}}
{{C19 year in topic}}
[[File:Awful conflagration of the steam boat Lexington.jpg|thumb|right| [[January 13]]: Steamship ''Lexington'' sinks.]]
__NOTOC__
{{Year article header|1840}}
Year '''1840''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXL]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] and a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]].


== Events ==
== Events ==
=== January–March ===
[[File:Awful conflagration of the steam boat Lexington.jpg|thumb|right|230px| [[January 13]]: Steamship ''Lexington'' sinks.]]
* [[January 3]] – One of the predecessor papers of the ''[[Herald Sun]]'' of [[Melbourne, Australia]], ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded.
* [[January 10]] – [[Uniform Penny Post]] is introduced in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].
* [[January 13]] – The steamship [[Steamship Lexington|''Lexington'']] burns and sinks in icy waters, four miles off the coast of [[Long Island]]; 139 die, only four survive.
* [[January 19]] &ndash; Captain [[Charles Wilkes]]' [[United States Exploring Expedition]] sights what becomes known as [[Wilkes Land]] in the southeast quadrant of [[Antarctica]], claiming it for the [[United States]] and providing evidence that Antarctica is a complete continent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/exploration.shtml|title=Antarctic Exploration — Chronology|accessdate=2006-10-20|publisher=Quark Expeditions|year=2004|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060908120017/http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/exploration.shtml|archivedate=2006-09-08}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Dumont D'Urville]] discovers [[Adélie Land]] in [[Antarctica]], claiming it for [[France]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Guillon|first=Jacques|title=Dumont d'Urville|publisher=France-Empire|year=1986|location=Paris|isbn=2-7048-0472-9}}</ref>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] colonists reach [[New Zealand]], officially founding [[Wellington]].
* February &ndash; The [[Rhodes blood libel]] is made against the [[Jew]]s of [[Rhodes]].
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The murder of a Capuchin friar and his Greek servant leads to the [[Damascus affair]], a highly publicized case of [[blood libel against the Jews]] of [[Damascus]].
* [[February 6]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Waitangi]], granting British sovereignty in [[New Zealand]], is signed.
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Queen Victoria]] of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] marries her cousin [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]].
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Gaetano Donizetti]]'s opera ''[[La fille du régiment]]'' premieres in [[Paris]].
* [[March 1]]
** [[William Hobson]], the first Governor of [[New Zealand]], suffers a stroke.
** [[Adolphe Thiers]] becomes prime minister of [[France]].
* [[March 9]] &ndash; The [[Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad]] is completed from [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]], [[North Carolina]] to [[Weldon, North Carolina|Weldon]], North Carolina. At 161.5 miles (260&nbsp;km), it is the world's longest railroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/railroad-WWRR.htm|title=Railroad — Wilmington & Raleigh (later Weldon)|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|accessdate=2011-12-02}}</ref>


=== April&ndash;June ===
=== January–March ===
* [[January 3]] – One of the predecessor papers of the ''[[Herald Sun]]'' of [[Melbourne]], Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded.
* April &ndash; The [[Raleigh and Gaston Railroad]] is completed from [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], North Carolina to near Weldon, North Carolina.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/railroads.htm|title=Railroads — prior to the Civil War|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|accessdate=2011-12-02}}</ref>
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[King's College Hospital]] opens in [[London]].
* [[January 10]] – [[Uniform Penny Post]] is introduced in the United Kingdom.
* [[January 13]] – The steamship [[Lexington (steamship)|''Lexington'']] burns and sinks in icy waters, four miles off the coast of [[Long Island]]; 139 die, only four survive.
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] issues the [[Penny Black]], the world's first [[postage stamp]].
* [[January 19]] – Captain [[Charles Wilkes]]' [[United States Exploring Expedition]] sights what becomes known as [[Wilkes Land]] in the southeast quadrant of Antarctica, claiming it for the United States, and providing evidence that Antarctica is a complete continent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/exploration.shtml|title=Antarctic Exploration — Chronology|access-date=2006-10-20|publisher=Quark Expeditions|year=2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908120017/http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/antarctica/exploration.shtml |archive-date=2006-09-08}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] &ndash; The [[Penny Black]], the world's first [[postage stamp]], becomes valid for the pre-payment of postage.
* [[January 21]] – [[Jules Dumont d'Urville]] discovers [[Adélie Land]] in Antarctica, claiming it for [[July Monarchy|France]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Guillon|first=Jacques|title=Dumont d'Urville|publisher=France-Empire|year=1986|location=Paris|isbn=2-7048-0472-9}}</ref>
* [[May 7]] &ndash; The [[Great Natchez Tornado]]: A massive tornado strikes [[Natchez, Mississippi]] during the early afternoon hours. Before it is over, 317 people are killed and 109 injured. It is the second deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
* [[January 22]] – [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] colonists reach [[New Zealand]], officially founding the settlement of [[Wellington]].
* [[May 21]] &ndash; New Zealand is declared a British colony.
* [[February]] – The [[Rhodes blood libel]] is made against the Jews of [[Rhodes]].
* [[February 5]] – [[Damascus Affair]]: The murder of a Capuchin friar and his Greek servant leads to a highly publicized case of [[blood libel]], against the Jews of [[Damascus]].
* [[February 6]] – The [[Treaty of Waitangi]], granting British sovereignty in New Zealand, is signed.
* [[February 10]] – [[Queen Victoria]] of the United Kingdom marries her cousin [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]].
* [[February 11]] – [[Gaetano Donizetti]]'s opera ''[[La fille du régiment]]'' premieres in Paris.
* [[March 1]] – [[Adolphe Thiers]] becomes prime minister of [[July Monarchy|France]].
* [[March 4]] – Alexander S. Wolcott and John Johnson open the world's first commercial photography portrait studio, their ''Daguerreian Parlor'', on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] in [[Manhattan]].
* [[March 9]] – The [[Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad]] is completed, from [[Wilmington, North Carolina]] to [[Weldon, North Carolina]]. At {{convert|161.5|mi|km}}, it is the world's longest railroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/railroad-WWRR.htm|title=Railroad — Wilmington & Raleigh (later Weldon)|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|access-date=2011-12-02}}</ref>
* [[March 12]] – [[Paweł Strzelecki]] reaches [[Australia]]'s highest summit, [[Mount Kosciuszko]].


=== July&ndash;September ===
=== April–June ===
* [[April]] – The [[Raleigh and Gaston Railroad]] is completed from [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] to near [[Weldon, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historync.org/railroads.htm|title=Railroads — prior to the Civil War|work=North Carolina Business History|year=2006|access-date=2011-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726152211/http://historync.org/railroads.htm|archive-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:RMS Britannia 1840 paddlewheel.jpg|thumb|210px|right|[[July 4]]: {{RMS|Britannia}}.]]
* [[April 2]] – The [[Washingtonian movement]] for [[teetotalism]] is founded by a group of [[alcoholic]]s in [[Baltimore]], Maryland.
* [[July 4]] &ndash; The [[Cunard Line]]'s 700-[[ton]] wooden paddlewheel steamer {{RMS|Britannia}} departs from [[Liverpool]], bound for [[City of Halifax|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]] on the first steam transatlantic passenger mail service.<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|coauthors=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=263–264|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[April 3]] – [[Johnny Appleseed]] meets [[Abraham Lincoln]], and plants apple trees in [[New York City]].
* [[July 15]] &ndash; The [[Austrian Empire]], the [[hjgcghcjUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], and the [[Russian Empire]] sign the [[Convention of London (1840)|Convention of London]] with the [[Ottoman Porte|Sublime Porte]], ruler of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[April 15]] – [[King's College Hospital]] opens in London.
* [[May 1]] – Britain issues the [[Penny Black]], the world's first [[postage stamp]]; it becomes valid for the pre-payment of postage from [[May 6]].
* [[May 7]] – [[Great Natchez Tornado]]: A massive tornado strikes [[Natchez, Mississippi]] during the early afternoon. Before it is over, 317 people are killed and 109 injured (the second deadliest tornado in U.S. history).
* [[May 21]] – [[New Zealand]] is declared a British colony.
* [[June 7]] – On the death of [[Frederick William III of Prussia]], he is succeeded on the throne of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] (which he has ruled for more than 40 years) by his eldest son [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]].
* [[June 12]]–[[June 23|23]] – The [[World Anti-Slavery Convention]] is organised by the [[British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society]], at [[Exeter Hall]] in London, England. Arguments over the exclusion of women from the convention have important ramifications for the movement for [[women's suffrage in the United States]].
* [[June 18]] – [[Maria massacre|''Maria'' massacre]]: British [[brigantine]] ''Maria'' is wrecked off [[South Australia]]. All 26 passengers and crew make it to the shore but none survive the trek to safety over the following two weeks, most being massacred by [[Aboriginal Australians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://firstsourcesguide.com/uploads/3/2/4/6/3246279/case_study_-_wreck_of_the_maria.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182534/http://firstsourcesguide.com/uploads/3/2/4/6/3246279/case_study_-_wreck_of_the_maria.pdf|archive-date=2018-10-01|accessdate=2024-08-14|title=Wreck of the ''Maria'' Incident|publisher=First Sources}}</ref>

=== July–September ===
[[File:RMS Britannia 1840 paddlewheel.jpg|thumb|right|[[July 4]]: {{RMS|Britannia}}]]
* [[July 4]] – The [[Cunard Line]]'s 700-[[ton]] wooden paddlewheel steamer {{RMS|Britannia}} departs from [[Liverpool]], bound for [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], on the first steam transatlantic passenger mail service.<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=263–264|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[July 15]] – The [[Austrian Empire]], the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and the [[Russian Empire]] sign the [[Convention of London (1840)|Convention of London]] with the [[Sublime Porte]], ruler of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[July 21]] – [[August Borsig]]'s [[steam locomotive]], the first built in [[German Confederation|Germany]], competes against a [[George Stephenson|Stephenson]]-built locomotive on the [[Anhalt Railway|Berlin–Jüterbog railroad]]; the Borsig locomotive wins by 10 minutes.
* [[July 23]]
* [[July 23]]
** [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]] is declared "of age" prematurely and begins to reassert central control in [[Brazil]].
** [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]] is declared "of age" prematurely, and begins to reassert central control in [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil]].
** The [[Province of Canada]] is created by the [[Act of Union (1840)|Act of Union]].
** The [[Province of Canada]] is created by the [[Act of Union 1840|Act of Union]].
* [[August 1]] – Remaining former slaves in the [[British Empire]] are released from apprenticeships under terms of the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]].
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Fortsas hoax]]: A number of book [[Collecting|collector]]s gather in [[Binche]], [[Belgium]], to attend a non-existent book auction of the late "Count of Fortsas".
* [[August 10]] – [[Fortsas hoax]]: A number of book collectors gather in [[Binche]], Belgium, to attend a non-existent book auction of the late "Count of Fortsas".
* [[September 10]] &ndash; Ottoman and British troops bombard [[Beirut]] and land troops on the coast to pressure [[Egypt]]ian Muhammad Ali to retreat from the country.
* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Joseph Strutt (philanthropist)|Joseph Strutt]] hands over the deeds and papers concerning the [[Derby Arboretum]], which is to become [[England]]'s first public park.
* [[September 10]] – Ottoman and British troops bombard [[Beirut]], and land troops on the coast, to pressure [[Egypt Eyalet|Egypt]]ian Muhammad Ali to retreat from the country.
* [[September 16]] – [[Joseph Strutt (philanthropist)|Joseph Strutt]] hands over the deeds and papers concerning the [[Derby Arboretum]], which is to become England's first public park.
* [[September 30]] &ndash; The frigate [[French ship Belle Poule (1828)|''Belle-Poule'']] arrives in Cherbourg, bringing back the remains of [[Napoléon]] from [[Saint Helena]] to [[France]]. He is buried in the [[Invalides]].
* [[September 30]] – The French frigate [[French ship Belle Poule (1834)|''Belle-Poule'']] arrives in Cherbourg, bringing back the remains of [[Napoleon]] from [[Saint Helena]] to [[July Monarchy|France]].


=== October&ndash;December ===
=== October–December ===
[[File:Belle-poule-napoleon-couleur.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The frigate Belle-Poule brings back the remains of Napoléon to France.]]
[[File:Repatriación de las cenizas de Napoleón a bordo de la Belle Poule, por Eugène Isabey.jpg|thumb|right|The frigate Belle-Poule brings back the remains of Napoleon to France.]]
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[William II of the Netherlands|Willem II]] becomes King of the [[Netherlands]].
* [[October 7]] – [[William II of the Netherlands|William II]] becomes King of the [[Netherlands]].
* [[October 8]] – A ''[[firman]]'' (imperial decree) of Sultan [[Abdulmejid I]] replaces [[Bashir Shihab II]] as [[Emir of Mount Lebanon]] with [[Bashir III|Prince Bashir Chehab III]] (Bashir Qasim al-Chehab).<ref name=Farah>{{cite book|last1=Farah|first1=Caesar E.|author2=Centre for Lebanese Studies (Great Britain)|title=Politics of Interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830-1861|date=2000|publisher=I. B. Tauris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uxkz9D4Ff_sC&q=Falugha+Druze|isbn=9781860640568|pages=41–43}}</ref>
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Maronite]] leader [[Bashir Shihab II]] surrenders to the British forces and goes into exile in [[Malta]].
* [[October 11]] – [[Maronite]] leader [[Bashir Shihab II]] surrenders to the Ottomans,<ref name=Farah/> and on October 14 goes into exile, initially in [[Malta]].
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[U.S. presidential election, 1840]]: [[William Henry Harrison]] defeats [[Martin Van Buren]].
* [[November 4]] – [[1840 United States presidential election]]: [[William Henry Harrison]] defeats [[Martin Van Buren]] in a landslide.
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[David Livingstone]] leaves Britain for Africa.
* [[December 15]] &ndash; The corpse of [[Napoleon]] is placed in the [[Hotel des Invalides]] in [[Paris]].
* [[December 7]] – [[David Livingstone]] leaves Britain for Africa.
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Stockport Viaduct]] is completed in [[North West England]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Geoffrey O.|last=Holt|title=A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain. Vol. 10: The North West|location=Newton Abbot|publisher=[[David and Charles]]|year=1978|isbn=0-7153-7521-0|page=117}}</ref> It is one of the largest brick structures in [[Europe]].
* [[December 15]] – The body of [[Napoleon]] is laid to rest in [[Les Invalides]] in Paris.
* [[December 21]] – [[Stockport Viaduct]] is completed in [[North West England]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Geoffrey O.|last=Holt|title=A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain. Vol. 10: The North West|location=Newton Abbot|publisher=David and Charles|year=1978|isbn=0-7153-7521-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/northwest0010holt/page/117 117]|url=https://archive.org/details/northwest0010holt/page/117}}</ref> It is one of the largest brick structures in Europe.


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* By July &ndash; [[August Borsig]] completes the first [[steam locomotive]] built in [[Germany]].
* [[Louis Agassiz]] publishes his ''Etudes sur les glaciers'' ("Study on Glaciers", 2 volumes), the first major scientific work to propose that the Earth has seen an [[ice age]].
* [[Mount Allison University]] is founded in [[Sackville, New Brunswick]], [[Canada]].
* The [[Washingtonian Temperance Society]] is founded.
* The first English translation of Goethe's ''[[Theory of Colours]]'' by [[Charles Lock Eastlake|Charles Eastlake]] is published.
* The first English translation of Goethe's ''[[Theory of Colours]]'' by [[Charles Lock Eastlake|Charles Eastlake]] is published.
* The first known photograph of [[Niagara Falls]], a [[daguerreotype]], is taken by English chemist [[Hugh Lee Pattinson]].
* [[J. M. W. Turner]] first displays his painting ''[[The Slave Ship]]''.
* [[Kajima]], a [[construction]] company based in Japan, is founded in [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] (modern-day [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kajima.co.jp/english/prof/outline/index.html|title=Corporate Data|publisher=Kajima Corporation|access-date=2021-01-11}}</ref>
* [[United States Census Bureau]] reports 6,000 free [[Negroes]] holding slaves in the nation.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
* Approximate date – [[Volcanic eruption]] of [[Tinakula]] in the [[Solomon Islands]] causes the island to be depopulated.


===Ongoing===
===Ongoing===
* [[First Opium War]] (1839–1842)
* [[First Opium War]] (1839–1842)
* [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1839–1842)
* [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1839–1842)
* [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41)]]


== Births ==
== Births ==
=== January&ndash;June ===
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Father Damien]], Belgian missionary priest (d. [[1889]])
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Ernest Roland Wilberforce]], English bishop (d. [[1907]])
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Ernst Abbe]], German physicist (d. [[1905]])
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[John Clayton Adams]], British landscape artist (d. [[1906]])
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Hiram Stevens Maxim]], American firearms inventor (d. [[1916]])
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[John Boyd Dunlop]], Scottish inventor (d. [[1921]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[William T. Sampson]], American admiral (d. [[1902]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Titu Maiorescu]], Romanian Prime Minister (d. [[1917]])
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Murad V]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1904]])
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[August Bebel]], German politician (d. [[1913]])
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Carl Menger]], Austrian economist (d. [[1921]])
* [[February 29]] &ndash; [[John Philip Holland]], Irish inventor (d. [[1914]])
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Emin Pasha]], German doctor and African administrator (d. [[1892]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Baker (engineer)|Benjamin Baker]], English civil engineer (d. [[1907]])
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Emile Zola]], French writer (d. [[1902]])
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Odilon Redon]], French painter (d. [[1916]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Edward Whymper]], English mountaineer (d. [[1911]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], Russian composer (d. [[1893]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Alphonse Daudet]], French writer (d. [[1897]])
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Thomas Hardy]], English writer (d. [[1928]])
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Emile Munier]], French artist (d. [[1895]])
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Charlotte of Belgium]], Princess of Belgium and Empress of Mexico (d. [[1927]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Theodor Philipsen]], Danish painter (d. [[1920]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Augusta Lundin]], Swedish fashion designer (d. [[1919]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Edward Stanley Gibbons]], [[England|English]] [[philatelist]] and founder of [[Stanley Gibbons]] Ltd (d. [[1913]])


=== July&ndash;December ===
=== January–June ===
[[File:Ernst Abbe.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ernst Abbe]]]]
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]], German sexologist (d. [[1902]])
[[File:John Boyd Dunlop 418px.jpg|thumb|110px|[[John Boyd Dunlop]]]]
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], United States Navy admiral and American geostrategist and historian (d. [[1914]])
[[File:Emile Zola 1902.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Émile Zola]]]]
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Simeon Solomon]], British artist (d. [[1905]])
[[File:Porträt des Komponisten Pjotr I. Tschaikowski (1840-1893).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]]]
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Kuroda Kiyotaka]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1900]])
[[File:Princess Charlotte of Belgium, Empress of Mexico.jpg|thumb|110px|Empress [[Carlota of Mexico]]]]
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[H. G. Haugan]], Norwegian-born American railroad executive
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Auguste Rodin]], French sculptor (d. [[1917]])
* [[January 1]] – [[Dugald Drummond]], Scottish-born railway locomotive designer (d. [[1912]])
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Claude Monet]], French painter (d. [[1926]])
* [[January 3]] – [[Father Damien]], Belgian missionary priest (d. [[1889]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[Victoria, Princess Royal and Empress Frederick|Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom and Empress of Germany]] (d. [[1901]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Samuel Baldwin Marks Young]], American general, first [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army]] (d. [[1924]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Rhoda Broughton]], Welsh writer (d. [[1920]])
* [[January 18]] – [[Alfred Percy Sinnett]], [[English people|English]] writer and theosophist (d. [[1921]])
* [[January 21]] – [[Sophia Jex-Blake]], English [[physician]] (d. 1912)
* [[January 22]] – [[Ernest Wilberforce]], English bishop (d. [[1907]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Ernst Abbe]], German physicist (d. [[1905]])
* [[February 5]]
** [[John Boyd Dunlop]], Scottish-born inventor (d. [[1921]])
** [[Hiram Maxim]], American-born British firearms inventor (d. [[1916]])
* [[February 9]] – [[William T. Sampson]], American admiral (d. [[1902]])
* [[February 15]] – [[Titu Maiorescu]], 23rd Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1917]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Murad V]], 33rd [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1904]])
* [[February 22]] – [[August Bebel]], German politician (d. [[1913]])
* [[February 23]] – [[Carl Menger]], Austrian economist (d. [[1921]])
* [[February 29]] – [[John Philip Holland]], Irish inventor of the submarine (d. [[1914]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Eduard von Knorr]], German admiral (d. [[1920]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Emin Pasha]], German doctor, African administrator (d. [[1892]])
* [[March 31]] – [[Benjamin Baker (engineer)|Sir Benjamin Baker]], English civil engineer (d. [[1907]])
* [[April 2]] – [[Émile Zola]], French writer (d. [[1902]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Robert Wentworth Little]], British occultist (d. [[1878]])
* [[April 22]] – [[Odilon Redon]], French painter (d. [[1916]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Edward Whymper]], English mountaineer (d. [[1911]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], Russian composer (d. [[1893]])
* [[May 10]] – [[Eliza Trask Hill]], American activist, journalist, philanthropist (d. [[1908]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Alphonse Daudet]], French writer (d. [[1897]])
* [[June 2]]
** [[Thomas Hardy]], English writer (d. [[1928]])
** [[Émile Munier]], French artist (d. [[1895]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Carlota of Mexico]], Empress of Mexico (d. [[1927]])
* [[June 9]] – [[Jennie Casseday]], American philanthropist (d. [[1893]])
* [[June 10]] – [[Theodor Philipsen]], Danish painter (d. [[1920]])
* [[June 13]] – [[Augusta Lundin]], Swedish fashion designer (d. [[1919]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Edward Stanley Gibbons]], English [[philatelist]], founder of [[Stanley Gibbons]] Ltd. (d. [[1913]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:10MaryPatterson1862.jpeg|thumb|110px|right|[[Mary Jane Patterson]]]]
[[File:Rodin-cropped.png|thumb|110px|right|[[Auguste Rodin]]]]
[[File:Claude Monet 1899 Nadar crop.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Claude Monet]]]]
* [[July 1]] – [[Edward Clodd]], English banker, writer and anthropologist (d. [[1930]])
* [[July 6]] – [[Peter Conover Hains]], major general in the [[United States Army]], and veteran of the [[American Civil War]], [[Spanish–American War]], and [[First World War]] (d. [[1921]])
* [[August 1]] - [[Franz Simandl]], Double bassist and pedagogue (d. [[1912]])
* [[August 4]] – [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]], German sexologist (d. [[1902]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Mary Jane Patterson]], the first African-American woman to receive a B.A degree in 1862. (d. [[1894]])
* [[September 22]] – [[D. M. Canright]], American Seventh-day Adventist minister and author, later one of the church's severest critics (d. [[1919]])
* [[September 25]] – [[William N. Roach]], American politician and member of the [[United States Senate]] from 1893 to 1899 (d. [[1902]])
* [[September 27]]
** [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], United States Navy admiral, American geostrategist and historian (d. [[1914]])
** [[Thomas Nast]], American caricaturist, cartoonist (d. [[1902]])
* [[October 9]] – [[Simeon Solomon]], British artist (d. [[1905]])
* [[October 12]] – [[Helena Modjeska]], Polish stage actress (d. [[1909]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Kuroda Kiyotaka]], 2nd [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1900]])
* [[November 7]] – [[H. G. Haugan]], Norwegian-born American railroad, banking executive (d. [[1921]])
* [[November 12]] – [[Auguste Rodin]], French sculptor (d. [[1917]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Claude Monet]], French painter (d. [[1926]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Claude Monet {{!}} Biography, Art, Water Lilies, Haystacks, Impression: Sunrise, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Claude-Monet |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=7 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 21]] – [[Victoria, Princess Royal]] (d. [[1901]])
* [[November 29]] – [[Rhoda Broughton]], Welsh writer (d. [[1920]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Nozu Michitsura]], Japanese general (d. [[1908]])

=== date unknown ===
* earliest probable date – [[Crazy Horse]] (Tȟašúŋke Witkó), Chief of the [[Oglala Lakota]] (k. [[1877]])


== Deaths ==
== Deaths ==
=== January&ndash;June ===
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Fanny Burney]], English novelist (b. [[1752]])
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]], German anthropologist (b. [[1752]])
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Nicolas Joseph Maison]], French marshal and Minister of War (b. [[1770]])
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Simeon Poisson|Siméon-Denis Poisson]], French mathematician, geometer, and physicist (b. [[1781]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; Joseph Williamson, philanthropist and builder of [[Williamson's tunnels]] (b. [[1769]])
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin]], Russian aristocrat and priest (b. [[1770]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Caspar David Friedrich]], German artist (b. [[1774]])
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Carl Ludvig Engel]], German-Finnish architect (b. [[1778]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[William Sidney Smith|Sidney Smith]], British admiral (b. [[1764]])
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Niccolò Paganini|Nicolò Paganini]], Italian violinist and composer (b. [[1782]])
* [[June 7]] &ndash; King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]] (b. [[1770]])


=== July&ndash;December ===
=== January–June ===
[[File:Gerhard von Kügelgen portrait of Friedrich.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Caspar David Friedrich]]]]
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Nikolai Stankevich]], philosopher and poet (b. [[1813]])
[[File:Frid-Wil III Kruger.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Frederick William III of Prussia]]]]
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Karl Leberecht Immermann]], novelist and dramatist (b. [[1796]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Jean-Gabriel Perboyre]], Catholic missionary and martyr in China
* [[January 6]] – [[Fanny Burney]], English novelist (b. [[1752]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Joseph Smith, Sr.]], father of [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]]
* [[January 22]] – [[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]], German anthropologist (b. [[1752]])
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]], polymath (b. [[1783]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Nicolas Joseph Maison]], French marshal, Minister of War (b. [[1770]])
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia]], the first leader of independent Paraguay (b. [[1766]])
* [[March 11]] – [[George Wolf]], American politician (b. [[1777]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Józef Kossakowski (colonel)]], Polish-Lithuanian statesman (b. [[1771]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Lady Lucy Whitmore]], English noblewoman and hymnwriter (b. [[1792]])
* [[April 12]] – [[Franz Anton von Gerstner]], Austrian railway engineer (b. [[1796]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gamst |first1=Frederick |date=1990 |title=Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner, Student of America's Pioneering Railroads |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43521426 |journal=Railroad History |issue= 163|pages= 13–27|jstor=43521426 |access-date= 2020-11-15}}</ref>
* [[April 25]] – [[Siméon Denis Poisson]], French mathematician, geometer, and physicist (b. [[1781]])
* [[May 1]] – [[Joseph Williamson (philanthropist)|Joseph Williamson]], builder of the [[Williamson Tunnels]] (b. [[1769]])
* [[May 6]]
** [[Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin]], Russian aristocrat, priest (b. [[1770]])
** [[Francisco de Paula Santander]], President of Colombia (b. [[1792]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Caspar David Friedrich]], German artist (b. [[1774]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Leonard Gyllenhaal]], Swedish military officer, entomologist (b. [[1752]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Carl Ludvig Engel]], German-Finnish architect (b. [[1778]])
* [[May 26]] – [[Sidney Smith (Royal Navy officer)|Sidney Smith]], British admiral (b. [[1764]])
* [[May 25]] – [[Louisa Capper]], English writer, philosopher and poet (b. [[1776]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Miscellanea Genealogica Et Heraldica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1xIAAAAYAAJ|year=1908|publisher=Hamilton, Adams, and Company|page=79}}</ref>
* [[May 27]] – [[Niccolò Paganini]], Italian violinist, composer (b. [[1782]])
* [[June 7]] – King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]] (b. [[1770]])

=== July–December ===
* [[July 7]] – [[Nikolai Stankevich]], Russian philosopher, poet (b. [[1813]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Karl Leberecht Immermann]], German novelist, dramatist (b. [[1796]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Isabel T. Lublin|title=Primer of German Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ha9MAAAAYAAJ|year=1904|publisher=Swan Sonnenschein|page=213}}</ref>
* [[September 11]] – [[John Gabriel Perboyre]], French Catholic missionary, martyr in China (b. [[1802]])
* [[September 14]] – [[Joseph Smith, Sr.]], American father of [[Joseph Smith|Joseph Smith, Jr.]] (b. [[1771]])
* [[September 18]] – [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]], Constantinople-born French polymath (b. [[1783]])
* [[September 20]] – [[José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia]], first leader of independent Paraguay (b. [[1766]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Anne Lister]], English landowner, diarist, mountaineer and traveller, "the first modern lesbian" (b. [[1791]])
* [[November 2]] – [[Józef Kossakowski (colonel)]], Polish-Lithuanian statesman (b. [[1771]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Emperor Kōkaku]] of Japan (b. [[1771]])

=== date unknown ===
* [[Haji Shariatullah]], Bengali Islamic scholar (b. [[1781]])<ref name="JPHS">{{cite journal | last = Khan | first = Moin-Ud-Din | title = Haji Shari'at-Allah | journal = Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society | volume = 11 | number = 2 | page = 106 | date = 1 April 1963 |language=en | id={{ProQuest|1301938794}} }}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:1840}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1840}}
[[Category:1840| ]]
[[Category:1840| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]

[[af:1840]]
[[am:1840 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[ar:ملحق:1840]]
[[an:1840]]
[[ast:1840]]
[[gn:1840]]
[[az:1840]]
[[bn:১৮৪০]]
[[zh-min-nan:1840 nî]]
[[map-bms:1840]]
[[be:1840]]
[[be-x-old:1840]]
[[bh:१८४०]]
[[bcl:1840]]
[[bg:1840]]
[[bs:1840]]
[[br:1840]]
[[ca:1840]]
[[cv:1840]]
[[cs:1840]]
[[co:1840]]
[[cy:1840]]
[[da:1840]]
[[de:1840]]
[[et:1840]]
[[el:1840]]
[[myv:1840 ие]]
[[es:1840]]
[[eo:1840]]
[[eu:1840]]
[[fa:۱۸۴۰ (میلادی)]]
[[hif:1840]]
[[fr:1840]]
[[fy:1840]]
[[ga:1840]]
[[gd:1840]]
[[gl:1840]]
[[gan:1840年]]
[[ko:1840년]]
[[hy:1840]]
[[hi:१८४०]]
[[hr:1840.]]
[[io:1840]]
[[ilo:1840]]
[[bpy:মারি ১৮৪০]]
[[id:1840]]
[[ia:1840]]
[[os:1840-æм аз]]
[[is:1840]]
[[it:1840]]
[[he:1840]]
[[jv:1840]]
[[kn:೧೮೪೦]]
[[krc:1840 джыл]]
[[ka:1840]]
[[csb:1840]]
[[kk:1840 жыл]]
[[sw:1840]]
[[kv:1840 во]]
[[ht:1840 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[la:1840]]
[[lv:1840. gads]]
[[lb:1840]]
[[lt:1840 m.]]
[[lij:1840]]
[[li:1840]]
[[lmo:1840]]
[[hu:1840]]
[[mk:1840]]
[[mg:1840]]
[[mi:1840]]
[[mr:इ.स. १८४०]]
[[arz:1840]]
[[ms:1840]]
[[nah:1840]]
[[nl:1840]]
[[nds-nl:1840]]
[[ne:सन् १८४०]]
[[new:ई सं १८४०]]
[[ja:1840年]]
[[nap:1840]]
[[frr:1840]]
[[no:1840]]
[[nn:1840]]
[[nrm:1840]]
[[nov:1840]]
[[oc:1840]]
[[mhr:1840]]
[[uz:1840]]
[[pi:१८४०]]
[[pnb:1840]]
[[tpi:1840]]
[[nds:1840]]
[[pl:1840]]
[[pt:1840]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1840]]
[[ro:1840]]
[[qu:1840]]
[[rue:1840]]
[[ru:1840 год]]
[[sah:1840]]
[[se:1840]]
[[sa:१८४०]]
[[stq:1840]]
[[sq:1840]]
[[scn:1840]]
[[simple:1840]]
[[sk:1840]]
[[sl:1840]]
[[ckb:١٨٤٠]]
[[sr:1840]]
[[sh:1840]]
[[su:1840]]
[[fi:1840]]
[[sv:1840]]
[[tl:1840]]
[[ta:1840]]
[[tt:1840 ел]]
[[te:1840]]
[[tet:1840]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2383]]
[[tr:1840]]
[[tk:1840]]
[[uk:1840]]
[[ur:1840ء]]
[[vec:1840]]
[[vi:1840]]
[[vo:1840]]
[[fiu-vro:1840]]
[[wa:1840]]
[[vls:1840]]
[[war:1840]]
[[yi:1840]]
[[yo:1840]]
[[zh-yue:1840年]]
[[diq:1840]]
[[zh:1840年]]

Latest revision as of 18:45, 26 December 2024

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
May 6: The world's first postage stamps are introduced.
February 10: Queen Victoria of Britain marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
1840 by topic
Humanities
By country
Other topics
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1840 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1840
MDCCCXL
Ab urbe condita2593
Armenian calendar1289
ԹՎ ՌՄՁԹ
Assyrian calendar6590
Balinese saka calendar1761–1762
Bengali calendar1246–1247
Berber calendar2790
British Regnal year3 Vict. 1 – 4 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2384
Burmese calendar1202
Byzantine calendar7348–7349
Chinese calendar己亥年 (Earth Pig)
4537 or 4330
    — to —
庚子年 (Metal Rat)
4538 or 4331
Coptic calendar1556–1557
Discordian calendar3006
Ethiopian calendar1832–1833
Hebrew calendar5600–5601
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1896–1897
 - Shaka Samvat1761–1762
 - Kali Yuga4940–4941
Holocene calendar11840
Igbo calendar840–841
Iranian calendar1218–1219
Islamic calendar1255–1256
Japanese calendarTenpō 11
(天保１１年)
Javanese calendar1767–1768
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4173
Minguo calendar72 before ROC
民前72年
Nanakshahi calendar372
Thai solar calendar2382–2383
Tibetan calendar阴土猪年
(female Earth-Pig)
1966 or 1585 or 813
    — to —
阳金鼠年
(male Iron-Rat)
1967 or 1586 or 814
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1840.
January 13: Steamship Lexington sinks.

1840 (MDCCCXL) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1840th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 840th year of the 2nd millennium, the 40th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1840s decade. As of the start of 1840, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

[edit]

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]
July 4: RMS Britannia

October–December

[edit]
The frigate Belle-Poule brings back the remains of Napoleon to France.

Date unknown

[edit]

Ongoing

[edit]

Births

[edit]

January–June

[edit]
Ernst Abbe
John Boyd Dunlop
Émile Zola
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Empress Carlota of Mexico

July–December

[edit]
Mary Jane Patterson
Auguste Rodin
Claude Monet

date unknown

[edit]

Deaths

[edit]

January–June

[edit]
Caspar David Friedrich
Frederick William III of Prussia

July–December

[edit]

date unknown

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Antarctic Exploration — Chronology". Quark Expeditions. 2004. Archived from the original on 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2006-10-20.
  2. ^ Guillon, Jacques (1986). Dumont d'Urville. Paris: France-Empire. ISBN 2-7048-0472-9.
  3. ^ "Railroad — Wilmington & Raleigh (later Weldon)". North Carolina Business History. 2006. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  4. ^ "Railroads — prior to the Civil War". North Carolina Business History. 2006. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  5. ^ "Wreck of the Maria Incident" (PDF). First Sources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-01. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  6. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 263–264. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  7. ^ a b Farah, Caesar E.; Centre for Lebanese Studies (Great Britain) (2000). Politics of Interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830-1861. I. B. Tauris. pp. 41–43. ISBN 9781860640568.
  8. ^ Holt, Geoffrey O. (1978). A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain. Vol. 10: The North West. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 117. ISBN 0-7153-7521-0.
  9. ^ "Corporate Data". Kajima Corporation. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
  10. ^ "Claude Monet | Biography, Art, Water Lilies, Haystacks, Impression: Sunrise, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  11. ^ Gamst, Frederick (1990). "Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner, Student of America's Pioneering Railroads". Railroad History (163): 13–27. JSTOR 43521426. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  12. ^ Miscellanea Genealogica Et Heraldica. Hamilton, Adams, and Company. 1908. p. 79.
  13. ^ Isabel T. Lublin (1904). Primer of German Literature. Swan Sonnenschein. p. 213.
  14. ^ Khan, Moin-Ud-Din (1 April 1963). "Haji Shari'at-Allah". Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. 11 (2): 106. ProQuest 1301938794.
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