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The '''Alliance for Healthy Cities''' (or “AFHC”) is a cooperative international alliance aimed at protecting and enhancing the [[health]] and [[health care]] of city dwellers. It is composed of groups of cities, urban districts and other organizations from countries around the world in exchanging information to achieve the goal through a [[health promotion]] approach called '''[[healthy city|Healthy Cities]]'''. The chair city for the alliance is Ichikawa, [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web
The '''Alliance for Healthy Cities''' ('''AFHC''') is a cooperative international alliance aimed at protecting and enhancing the [[health]] and [[health care]] of city dwellers. It is composed of groups of cities, urban districts and other organizations from countries around the world in exchanging information to achieve the goal through a [[health promotion]] approach called '''[[healthy city|Healthy Cities]]'''. The chair city for the alliance is Ichikawa, [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.alliance-healthycities.com/htmls/about/index_about.html
|url=http://www.alliance-healthycities.com/htmls/about/index_about.html
|title=Definition, ABOUT THE ALLIANCE
|title=Definition, ABOUT THE ALLIANCE
|publisher=Alliance for Healthy Cities
|publisher=Alliance for Healthy Cities
}}</ref>
|archiveurl=http://www.alliance-healthycities.com/htmls/about/index_about.html
|archivedate=2009-08-31}}</ref>


The alliance and its members work in favour of the healthy city, defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) as "one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and in developing to their maximum potential".<ref>World Health Organization. ''Health Promotion Glossary.'' Geneva, 1998.</ref>
The alliance and its members work in favour of the healthy city, defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) as "one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and in developing to their maximum potential".<ref>World Health Organization. ''Health Promotion Glossary.'' Geneva, 1998.</ref>
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[[File:Banner AFHC 2008 conference.jpg|thumb|120px|AFHC third conference [[nobori]] in [[Ichikawa, Chiba]] in October 2008]]
[[File:Banner AFHC 2008 conference.jpg|thumb|120px|AFHC third conference [[nobori]] in [[Ichikawa, Chiba]] in October 2008]]
The first international declaration that promoted the concepts underlying healthy cities, the [[Alma Ata Declaration]], was adopted at the International Conference for [[Primary Health Care]], jointly convened by the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] in [[Almaty]] (formerly Alma-Ata), presently in [[Kazakhstan]], 6–12 September 1978.<ref>{{Cite web
The first international declaration that promoted the concepts underlying healthy cities, the [[Alma Ata Declaration]], was adopted at the International Conference for [[Primary Health Care]], jointly convened by the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] in [[Almaty]] (formerly Alma-Ata), presently in [[Kazakhstan]], 6–12 September 1978.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration_almaata.pdf
|url=http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration_almaata.pdf|title=Declaration of Alma-Ata|publisher=[[WHO]] |archiveurl=http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration_almaata.pdf|archivedate=2009-08-31}}</ref> The primary health care strategy endorsed and targeted [[health for all]] the people of the world by the year 2000.
|title=Declaration of Alma-Ata
|publisher=[[WHO]]
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205022743/http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration_almaata.pdf
|archive-date=2012-02-05
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The primary health care strategy endorsed and targeted [[health for all]] the people of the world by the year 2000.<ref>{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195952/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/evaluation/phc-final-report.pdf?sfvrsn=109b2731_4|title= WHO, Review of 40 years of primary health care implementation at country level, December 2019, Executive summary Background, page i, Setting a goal of ''the attainment by all peoples of the world by the year 2000''|date=2022-01-20}}</ref><!-- {{cn|date=July 2023}} -->


Various discussions have taken place since then. [[Trevor Hancock]] and [[Leonard Duhl]] promoted the term "Healthy Cities" in consultation with the [[WHO]]:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/pon97/indust1.htm |title=Healthy cities, healthy children, Leonard Duhl and Trevor Hancock|publisher=[[UNICEF]] |archiveurl=http://www.unicef.org/pon97/indust1.htm|archivedate=2009-08-31}}</ref>
Various discussions have taken place since then. [[Trevor Hancock]] and [[Leonard Duhl]] promoted the term "Healthy Cities" in consultation with the [[WHO]]:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/pon97/indust1.htm |title=Healthy cities, healthy children, Leonard Duhl and Trevor Hancock|publisher=[[UNICEF]] }}</ref>
<blockquote>"Economic development has brought comfort and convenience to many people in the industrialized world, but in its wake are pollution, new health problems, blighted urban landscapes and social isolation. Growing numbers of the dispossessed are also being left on the sidelines as the disparity between rich and poor grows. In an effort to remedy these ills, people from disparate backgrounds in thousands of communities are joining together with government agencies under the Healthy Cities/Healthy Communities banner to improve the quality of life in their towns and cities."</blockquote>
<blockquote>Economic development has brought comfort and convenience to many people in the industrialized world, but in its wake are pollution, new health problems, blighted urban landscapes and social isolation. Growing numbers of the dispossessed are also being left on the sidelines as the disparity between rich and poor grows. In an effort to remedy these ills, people from disparate backgrounds in thousands of communities are joining together with government agencies under the Healthy Cities/Healthy Communities banner to improve the quality of life in their towns and cities.</blockquote>


At the First International Conference on Health Promotion in 1986, the [[Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion]] was adopted that presented actions to achieve healthy life for all people by the year 2000 and beyond.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf |title=Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion |publisher=[[WHO]] |archiveurl=http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf
At the First International Conference on Health Promotion in 1986, the [[Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion]] was adopted that presented actions to achieve healthy life for all people by the year 2000 and beyond.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf
|title=Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
|publisher=[[WHO]]
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727033106/http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf
|archivedate=2009-08-31}}</ref>
|archive-date=2009-07-27
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>


Following a second international conference on [[health promotion]] at [[Adelaide]] in 1988 and a third at [[Sundsvall]] in 1991, and twenty years after the [[Alma Ata Declaration]], the Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion held in July 1997 in [[Jakarta]] adopted the new [[Jakarta Declaration]]: "New Players for a New Era - Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century". It came at a critical moment in the development of international PHC strategies.<ref>{{Cite web
Following a second international conference on [[health promotion]] at [[Adelaide]] in 1988 and a third at [[Sundsvall]] in 1991, and twenty years after the [[Alma Ata Declaration]], the Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion held in July 1997 in [[Jakarta]] adopted the new [[Jakarta Declaration]]: "New Players for a New Era - Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century". It came at a critical moment in the development of international PHC strategies.<ref>{{Cite web
Line 23: Line 34:
|title=Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health, Promotion into the 21st Century
|title=Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health, Promotion into the 21st Century
|publisher=Alliance for Healthy Cities
|publisher=Alliance for Healthy Cities
}}</ref>
|archiveurl=http://www.alliance-healthycities.com/htmls/glossary/pdf/jakarta_declaration_en.pdf
|archivedate=2009-08-31}}</ref>

===Timeline===
* 17 October 2003: First organizational meeting held in [[Manila]]; participants of the inaugural meeting were cities, national coordinators, [[NGO]]s, and academic institutions engaged in the Healthy Cities program worldwide.
* 12–14 October 2004: The Alliance held its inaugural General Assembly and Conference in [[Kuching]], with city [[mayor]]s, [[governor]]s, city officers, [[public health]] and urban planning professionals, NGOs, academic institutions, and national and international leaders to celebrate the inauguration of the Alliance for Healthy Cities.
* 28–30 October 2006: The Second General Assembly and Conference in [[Suzhou, Jiangsu|Suzhou]], with the theme Healthy Cities in the Globalizing World.
* 23–26 October 2008: The third global conference of the Alliance for Healthy Cities was held in [[Ichikawa, Chiba|Ichikawa]] with the theme of "Health Security in the City: Healthy Cities activities building a better future".
* 21–22 July 2009: AFHC International Forum was in [[Huế|Hue]].
*October 2009: The fourth global conference was held in [[Gangnam-gu]], South Korea


== List of members ==
== List of members ==
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* [[City of Casey]]
* [[City of Casey]]
* [[Corio, Victoria|Corio]] and [[Norlane, Victoria|Norlane]] Development Advisory Board
* [[Corio, Victoria|Corio]] and [[Norlane, Victoria|Norlane]] Development Advisory Board
* [[Gold Coast City]]
* [[City of Gold Coast]]
* [[Illawarra]] ([[City of Wollongong|Wollongong]] and [[City of Shellharbour|Shellharbour]])
* [[Illawarra]] ([[City of Wollongong|Wollongong]] and [[City of Shellharbour|Shellharbour]])
* [[Municipality of Kiama]]
* [[Municipality of Kiama]]
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=== Japan ===
=== Japan ===
* [[Abashiri, Hokkaido]]
* [[Abiko, Chiba]]
* [[Abiko, Chiba]]
* [[Aisai, Aichi]]
* [[Ama, Aichi]]
* [[Fujieda, Shizuoka]]
* [[Fukuroi, Shizuoka]]
* [[Fukuroi, Shizuoka]]
* [[Hamamatsu, Shizuoka]]
* [[Ichikawa, Chiba]]
* [[Ichikawa, Chiba]]
* [[Izumisano, Osaka]]
* [[Kameyama, Mie]]
* [[Kasama, Ibaraki]]
* [[Kashiwa, Chiba]]
* [[Kitanagoya, Aichi]]
* [[Kobe]]
* [[Kobe]]
* [[Minokamo, Gifu]]
* [[Miyakojima, Okinawa]]
* [[Miyakojima, Okinawa]]
* [[Myōkō, Niigata]]
* [[Nagareyama, Chiba]]
* [[Nagareyama, Chiba]]
* [[Nagoya]]
* [[Nagoya]]
* [[Nagakute, Aichi]]
* [[Nishitokyo, Tokyo]]
* [[Obihiro, Hokkaido]]
* [[Ōbu, Aichi]]
* [[Ōbu, Aichi]]
* [[Osaki, Miyagi]]
* [[Owariasahi, Aichi]]
* [[Owariasahi, Aichi]]
* [[Seiyo, Ehime]]
* [[Shikokuchūō, Ehime]]
* [[Suita, Osaka]]
* [[Tahara, Aichi]]
* [[Taitō, Tokyo]]
* [[Taitō, Tokyo]]
* [[Tajimi, Gifu]]
* [[Tajimi, Gifu]]
* [[Takamatsu, Kagawa]]
* [[Toon, Ehime]]
* [[Yamato, Kanagawa]]
* [[Yamato, Kanagawa]]
* [[Yawatahama, Ehime]]
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}


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* [[Jangsu]]
* [[Jangsu]]
* [[Jecheon]]
* [[Jecheon]]
* [[Jeju-do]]
* [[Jeju Province|Jeju-do]]
* [[Jeonju]]
* [[Jeonju]]
* [[Jincheon]]
* [[Jincheon]]
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* [[Taebaek]]
* [[Taebaek]]
* [[Uiwang]]
* [[Uiwang]]
* [[Wando]]
* [[Wando County|Wando]]
* [[Wonju]]
* [[Wonju]]
* [[Yanggu, Gangwon]]
* [[Yanggu, Gangwon]]
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=== Philippines ===
=== Philippines ===
* [[Caloocan City]]
* [[Caloocan]]
* [[Dagupan City]]
* [[Dagupan]]
* [[Las Piñas City]]
* [[Las Piñas]]
* [[Makati City]]
* [[Makati]]
* [[Marikina City]]
* [[Marikina]]
* [[Muntinlupa City]]
* [[Muntinlupa]]
* [[Pasig City]]
* [[Pasig]]
* [[Parañaque City]]
* [[Parañaque]]
* [[San Fernando City, La Union]]
* [[San Fernando City, La Union]]
* [[Tagaytay City]]
* [[Tagaytay]]
* [[Valencia City, Bukidnon]]
* [[Valencia City, Bukidnon]]


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== See also ==
== See also ==
⚫
* [[Public health]]
⚫
* [[UNICEF]]
* [[Primary health care]]
* [[Primary health care]]
** [[Alma Ata Declaration]]
** [[Alma Ata Declaration]]
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** [[Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion]]
** [[Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion]]
** [[Jakarta Declaration]]
** [[Jakarta Declaration]]
⚫
*[[Public health]]
* [[World Health Organization]]
⚫
* [[UNICEF]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references />


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.alliance-healthycities.com/ The Alliance for Healthy Cities] official Home page
* [http://www.alliance-healthycities.com/ The Alliance for Healthy Cities] official Home page

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Alliance For Healthy Cities}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alliance For Healthy Cities}}
[[Category:World Health Organization]]
[[Category:World Health Organization]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2004]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2004]]
[[Category:Social issues]]
[[Category:Public health organizations]]
[[Category:Health care]]
[[Category:Health promotion]]
[[Category:Health promotion]]
[[Category:International health organizations]]
[[Category:International medical and health organizations]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in Japan]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Japan]]

[[ja:健康都市連合]]

Latest revision as of 09:45, 13 November 2024

The Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC) is a cooperative international alliance aimed at protecting and enhancing the health and health care of city dwellers. It is composed of groups of cities, urban districts and other organizations from countries around the world in exchanging information to achieve the goal through a health promotion approach called Healthy Cities. The chair city for the alliance is Ichikawa, Japan.[1]

The alliance and its members work in favour of the healthy city, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and in developing to their maximum potential".[2]

History

[edit]
AFHC third conference nobori in Ichikawa, Chiba in October 2008

The first international declaration that promoted the concepts underlying healthy cities, the Alma Ata Declaration, was adopted at the International Conference for Primary Health Care, jointly convened by the WHO and UNICEF in Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), presently in Kazakhstan, 6–12 September 1978.[3] The primary health care strategy endorsed and targeted health for all the people of the world by the year 2000.[4]

Various discussions have taken place since then. Trevor Hancock and Leonard Duhl promoted the term "Healthy Cities" in consultation with the WHO:[5]

Economic development has brought comfort and convenience to many people in the industrialized world, but in its wake are pollution, new health problems, blighted urban landscapes and social isolation. Growing numbers of the dispossessed are also being left on the sidelines as the disparity between rich and poor grows. In an effort to remedy these ills, people from disparate backgrounds in thousands of communities are joining together with government agencies under the Healthy Cities/Healthy Communities banner to improve the quality of life in their towns and cities.

At the First International Conference on Health Promotion in 1986, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was adopted that presented actions to achieve healthy life for all people by the year 2000 and beyond.[6]

Following a second international conference on health promotion at Adelaide in 1988 and a third at Sundsvall in 1991, and twenty years after the Alma Ata Declaration, the Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion held in July 1997 in Jakarta adopted the new Jakarta Declaration: "New Players for a New Era - Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century". It came at a critical moment in the development of international PHC strategies.[7]

List of members

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Definition, ABOUT THE ALLIANCE". Alliance for Healthy Cities.
  2. ^ World Health Organization. Health Promotion Glossary. Geneva, 1998.
  3. ^ "Declaration of Alma-Ata" (PDF). WHO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-05.
  4. ^ WHO, Review of 40 years of primary health care implementation at country level, December 2019, Executive summary Background, page i, Setting a goal of the attainment by all peoples of the world by the year 2000 at the Wayback Machine (archived 2022-01-20)
  5. ^ "Healthy cities, healthy children, Leonard Duhl and Trevor Hancock". UNICEF.
  6. ^ "Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion" (PDF). WHO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-07-27.
  7. ^ "Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health, Promotion into the 21st Century" (PDF). Alliance for Healthy Cities.
[edit]
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