MAR-1: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
GreenC bot (talk | contribs) Remove errant Infobox image URL(s) per discussion here |
||
(79 intermediate revisions by 49 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Brazilian anti-radiation missile}} |
|||
{{refimprove|date=September 2012}} |
|||
{{About|the Brazilian anti-radiation missile|the American radar|Nike-X#MAR}} |
|||
{{Infobox |
{{Infobox weapon |
||
|is_missile=yes |
|is_missile=yes |
||
|name=MAR-1 |
|name=MAR-1 |
||
|image= |
|||
|image=[[Image:Mar antia radar.jpg|300px]] |
|||
|caption= A MAR-1 missile mounted under the wing of |
|caption= A MAR-1 missile mounted under the wing of a [[Brazilian Air Force]] [[AMX International AMX|AMX]] attack aircraft. |
||
|origin= |
|origin= Brazil |
||
|type=[[ |
|type= [[Air-to-surface missile|Air-to-surface]] [[anti-radiation missile]] |
||
|used_by= |
|used_by=Brazil and Pakistan |
||
|manufacturer=[[Mectron]] |
|manufacturer=[[Mectron]] |
||
|unit_cost= |
|unit_cost= |
||
|propellant= |
|propellant= |
||
|production_date=2012 <ref name=Deagel>{{cite news|url=https://www.deagel.com/Offensive%20Weapons/MAR-1/a002318 | title =Mar-1 |access-date =28 July 2021 }}</ref> |
|||
|production_date=2012 (scheduled)<ref name=wall/> |
|||
|service= |
|service=Active |
||
|engine=[[Rocket motor]] |
|engine=[[Rocket motor]] |
||
⚫ | |||
|weight=350 kg <ref name="defesanet.com.br"/> |
|||
|weight= {{convert|586.4|lb|kg}}<ref name=wall>Wall (2012), p. 80</ref> or {{convert|350|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="defesanet.com.br">{{cite web|url=http://www.defesanet.com.br/laad07/3_cta_mectron.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429023133/http://www.defesanet.com.br/laad07/3_cta_mectron.htm|archivedate=2007-04-29|title=CTA – Mectron: Míssil MAR-1|publisher=defesanet.com.br}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|weight= {{convert|586.4|lb|kg}}<ref name=wall>Wall (2012), p. 80</ref> |
|||
⚫ | |||
|length={{convert|12.7|ft|m}}<ref name=wall/> |
|length={{convert|12.7|ft|m}}<ref name=wall/> |
||
|height= |
|height= |
||
|diameter={{convert|9.1| |
|diameter={{convert|9.1|in|cm}}<ref name=wall/> |
||
<!-- Explosive specifications --> |
<!-- Explosive specifications --> |
||
|filling= [[Explosive material|High-explosive]] |
|filling= [[Explosive material|High-explosive]] |
||
|detonation= |
|||
|filling_weight= {{convert|90|kg|lb}} |
|filling_weight= {{convert|90|kg|lb}} |
||
|detonation= [[ |
|detonation= [[Proximity fuse#Optical sensing|Laser/contact proximity fuse]] |
||
|guidance= Passive radar homing, home-on-jam, 800 MHz to 20 GHz |
|guidance= [[Passive radar]] homing, [[home-on-jam]], 800 MHz to 20 GHz |
||
|yield= |
|yield= |
||
|vehicle_range= 60 to 100km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aereo.jor.br/2011/06/06/mar-1-esta-integrado-ao-jf-17-do-paquistao/ |title=MAR-1 está integrado ao JF-17 do Paquistão|date=7 June 2011}}</ref> |
|||
|vehicle_range= 25km |
|||
|launch_platform=Surface-Launched<ref name=tecdef/> and< |
|launch_platform=Surface-Launched<ref name=tecdef/> and<br />Air-Launched: |
||
*[[AMX International AMX|A-1M]] |
*[[AMX International AMX|A-1M]] |
||
*[[Northrop F-5|F-5M]] |
*[[Northrop F-5|F-5M]] |
||
*[[Mirage III]] ([[Project ROSE]]) |
*[[Mirage III]] ([[Project ROSE]]) |
||
*[[Mirage V]] (Project ROSE) |
*[[Mirage V]] (Project ROSE) |
||
Line 38: | Line 36: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
'''MAR-1''' is an |
The '''MAR-1''' is an air-to-surface (ASM) and surface-to-surface (SSM) [[anti-radiation missile|anti-radiation missile (ARM)]] with [[GPS/INS]] capability under development by Brazil's [[Mectron]] and the [[Aerospace Technology and Science Department]] (Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial, DCTA) of the [[Brazilian Air Force]]. It is designed to suppress enemy air defenses ([[SEAD]]) by targeting surveillance radars and [[fire-control radar]]s.<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Morais |first1=Ana |last2=Filho |first2=José |last3=Mallaco |first3=Lais |last4=Brito |first4=Márcia |title=Relatório de Atividades: 2010 |url=http://www.iae.cta.br/publicacoes/Relatorio_de_atividadades_2010.pdf |language=Portuguese |publisher=Brazilian Aeronautics and Space Institute |page=67 |accessdate=4 September 2012 |date=2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716153138/http://www.iae.cta.br/publicacoes/Relatorio_de_atividadades_2010.pdf |archivedate=16 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
||
==Development and design== |
==Development and design== |
||
[[File:MAR-1 parts.jpg|left|thumb|MAR-1 Modules]] |
[[File:MAR-1 parts.jpg|left|thumb|MAR-1 Modules]] |
||
⚫ | Development began in 1997<ref name="janes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/MAR-1-Anti-Radiation-Missile-Brazil.html |title=MAR-1 Anti-Radiation Missile (Brazil) - Jane's Air-Launched Weapons |website=www.janes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206122000/http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/MAR-1-Anti-Radiation-Missile-Brazil.html |archive-date=2008-12-06}} </ref> and was kept under tight secrecy, and for many years the weapon's manufacturers refused to acknowledge its existence.<ref name="defenseindustrydaily.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Brazil-to-Sell-MAR-1-SEAD-Missiles-to-Pakistan-05182/|title = Brazil to Sell MAR-1 SEAD Missiles to Pakistan}}</ref> |
||
[[File:MAR-1 Inertial Measurement Unit.jpg|left|thumb|MAR-1 Missile Guidance Unit (MGU)]] |
|||
⚫ | Development began in 1997 |
||
⚫ | The program was conducted since the beginning by [[Aerospace Technology and Science Department|DCTA (Aerospace Technology and Science Department)]], along with Mectron, a [[São José dos Campos]] based company, and is currently in final testing phase. According to [[Brazilian Air Force|FAB]], the test campaign is now in the weapons separation trials phase, using [[AMX International AMX|A-1B]] aircraft from IPTV (Instituto de Pesquisa e Teste de Voo - Research and Flight Test Institute), a division of DCTA. |
||
⚫ | Captive and certification flight tests were performed in December 2008, in order to evaluate the [[fiber optic gyroscope]] (FOG) module. This module, consisting of three interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes |
||
⚫ | Captive and certification flight tests were performed in December 2008, in order to evaluate the [[fiber optic gyroscope]] (FOG) module. This module, consisting of three interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes, is part of the [[Inertial Measurement Unit]] (IMU), and was developed indigenously by the Institute for Advanced Studies (Instituto de Estudos Avançados, [[:pt:Instituto de Estudos Avançados|IEAv]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/capa/index.php?mostra=2152 |title=Blocos girométricos desenvolvidos no IEAv são testados no Míssil MAR-1 |language=Portuguese |publisher=Brazilian Air Force |date=22 December 2008 |accessdate=4 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527020223/http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/capa/index.php?mostra=2152 |archivedate=27 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The missile proximity fuse is provided by the Brazilian firm Opto Eletronica.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11026 |title=La brasileña Mectron comienza a producir a nivel industrial el misil anti radar MAR-1 exportado a Paquistán |language=Spanish |publisher=Defesa.com |first1=Javier |last1=Bonilla |date=13 December 2013 |accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | The missile is guided by a |
||
⚫ | The missile is guided by a locally developed passive anti-radiation seeker, designed to target different types of land-based and sea-based radars operating in different bands, including high power surveillance radars, low power mobile radars and tracking radars used by [[surface-to-air missile]] systems.<ref name=tecdef>{{cite web |url=http://www.tecnodefesa.com.br/materia.php?materia=521 |title=Mercado em 3 continente |language=Portuguese |publisher=Tecnologia & Defesa |date=25 October 2012 |accessdate=11 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114095508/http://www.tecnodefesa.com.br/materia.php?materia=521 |archivedate=14 November 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Enemy radars can be targeted by the missile independently or with targeting data from the launch aircraft's [[electronic warfare]] systems, such as the [[radar warning receiver]]. The missile has full ECCM capability, and uses passive guidance in self-defense (reactive) mode, or pre-programmed target mode, used primarily for area suppression or attacking expected targets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/capa/index.php?datan=05/12/2008&page=mostra_notimpol |title=Exportação de mísseis mostra novas metas do Plano de Defesa |language=Portuguese |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |last=Roberto |first=Godoy |date=5 December 2008 |accessdate=4 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002192059/http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/capa/index.php?datan=05%2F12%2F2008&page=mostra_notimpol |archivedate=2 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In order to improve survivability, the missile's airframe is built with composite materials that reduce its [[radar cross-section]].<ref name="janes.com"/> |
||
In 1998 the program was initiated to develop an anti-radiation missile to equip the aircraft [[AMX International AMX | A-1M]] of FAB is expected for the end of 2008 excellant development. |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
During this phase of development it is, it was found that one of the limitations to the use of MAR-1 is the definition of distance-aircraft radar parameters essential for a successful launch. This may have led the developers to re-evaluate some concepts. |
|||
The major difficulty was encountered the lack of a national platform girométrica (navigation system that "flies" the missile while it searches for the target during flight) available for the missile. Such technology is susceptible to embargo for both political and strategic motives. This required the project, almost starting from scratch, the block Girométrico Miniature Fiber Optic with three orthogonal axes to provide the necessary on-board computer information from the accelerometers, ensuring accuracy for the missile. |
|||
The design of this subsystem was financed by [[Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos|FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos)]] and conducted by IEAv (Institute of Advanced Studies of DCTA) and Mectron. Apparently it was completed. |
|||
⚫ | Another obstacle arose in 1999 |
||
The greatest difficulty during development was designing the gyroscopic platform (a navigation system that "flies" the missile while it searches for targets during flight). Such technology is earmarked for embargo, due to political and strategic considerations, and could not be obtained from other parties. This resulted in the development of a Miniature Fiber-Optic Gyroscope, with three orthogonal axes, to provide the necessary information for on-board computers and ensuring missile accuracy. The design of this subsystem was conducted by IEAv (Institute of Advanced Studies of DCTA) and Mectron. |
|||
In December 2008 the [[Brazil|Brazilian]] government approved the sale of 100 MAR-1 missiles to the [[Pakistan Air Force]] in a contract worth $108 million.<ref name="defenseindustrydaily.com"/> |
|||
⚫ | Another obstacle arose in 1999, when Brazil tried to purchase spiral antennas and some other systems for MAR-1's search head development from a [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] manufacturer. The U.S. government blocked the sale, claiming that "it is not America's interest to introduce anti-radiation weapons in the region".<ref name=cre139>Crespo (2006), p. 139</ref> Faced with this obstacle, the DCTA had no alternative but to locally develop a seeker head.<ref name=cre139/> This subsystem was developed and tested with simulated emissions from a TS-100 + Systems Excalibur (0.5 to 18 GHz) and [[British Aerospace 125|HS-125]] aircraft from CTA's flight test division, as well as EMB-110 "Bandeirulha" patrol aircraft equipped with electronic test gear. |
||
⚫ | |||
Until April 2012, over 20 missile test firings have been carried out by [[AMX International AMX|AMX]] aircraft.<ref name=wall/> |
|||
In November 2012 an update to the missile's software was being introduced and the missile was undergoing final flight tests on A-1/AMX strike aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-air-force-official-details-missile-developments-378680/|title = Brazilian air force official details missile developments}}</ref> |
|||
In December 2008 the Brazilian government approved the sale of 100 MAR-1 missiles to the [[Pakistan Air Force]], in a contract worth $108 million.<ref name="defenseindustrydaily.com"/> In April 2013 Mectron had integrated MAR-1 missiles with Pakistani Mirage III/V strike aircraft. Training rounds of the MAR-1 missile were also delivered, along with equipment for mission planning, logistics and support. Mectron is to finish development, testing and deliver the first operational missile rounds in 2014 to Brazil and Pakistan.<ref name=RHewson>{{cite journal|last=Hewson|first=Robert|title=Mectron's MAR-1 to be operational in Pakistan next year|journal=[[Jane's Defence Weekly]]|date=17 April 2013|url=http://www.janes.com/article/12017/mectron-s-mar-1-to-be-operational-in-pakistan-next-year|accessdate=26 September 2013}}<!-- May need login --></ref> |
|||
In October 2013, the [[UAE Armed Forces]] expressed its interest in purchasing a batch of missiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tecnodefesa.com.br/materia.php?materia%3D1362 |title=Tecnologia & Defesa |accessdate=2013-11-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203131735/http://www.tecnodefesa.com.br/materia.php?materia=1362 |archivedate=2013-12-03 }}</ref> |
|||
==Operators== |
==Operators== |
||
[[File:MAR-1 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with MAR-1 operators]] |
|||
===Current operators=== |
|||
;{{BRA}} |
;{{BRA}} |
||
* [[Brazilian Air Force]] |
* [[Brazilian Air Force]] |
||
;{{PAK}} |
;{{PAK}} |
||
* [[Pakistan Air Force]] |
* [[Pakistan Air Force]]<ref name=RHewson/> |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Line 69: | Line 75: | ||
* [[List of missiles]] |
* [[List of missiles]] |
||
;Similar missiles: |
;Similar missiles: |
||
* {{lwc|Rudram-1}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
* {{lwc|Hormuz-2 (missile)|Hormuz-2}} |
|||
* [[AGM-45 Shrike]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
* |
* {{lwc|AGM-45 Shrike}} |
||
⚫ | |||
* {{lwc|AGM-122 Sidearm}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{reflist}} |
|||
;Bibliography |
;Bibliography |
||
{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
||
* {{cite journal|last=Crespo |first=Antonio |url=http://www.revistadaunifa.aer.mil.br/index.php/ru/article/viewFile/314/pdf_53 |title=Nacionalização de Itens de Guerra Eletrônica: uma necessidade estratégica e logística |journal=UNIFA |pages= |
* {{cite journal |last=Crespo |first=Antonio |url=http://www.revistadaunifa.aer.mil.br/index.php/ru/article/viewFile/314/pdf_53 |title=Nacionalização de Itens de Guerra Eletrônica: uma necessidade estratégica e logística |journal=UNIFA |pages=136–141 |volume=18 |issue=21 |language=Portuguese |location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |date=December 2006 |issn=2175-2567 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130730220435/http://www.revistadaunifa.aer.mil.br/index.php/ru/article/viewFile/314/pdf_53 |archivedate=30 July 2013 |df=dmy-all }} |
||
* {{cite journal|last=Wall |first=Robert |editor-last=Velocci |editor-first=Anthony |title=Guided Trajectory |journal=Aviation Week & Space Technology |pages=79–80 | |
* {{cite journal|last=Wall |first=Robert |editor-last=Velocci |editor-first=Anthony |title=Guided Trajectory |journal=Aviation Week & Space Technology |pages=79–80 |date=23 April 2012 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York, United States |issn=0005-2175}} |
||
{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} |
|||
[[Category:Air-to-surface missiles]] |
|||
[[pt:MAR-1]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2010s]] |
Latest revision as of 22:15, 8 August 2024
MAR-1 | |
---|---|
Type | Air-to-surface anti-radiation missile |
Place of origin | Brazil |
Service history | |
In service | Active |
Used by | Brazil and Pakistan |
Production history | |
Manufacturer | Mectron |
Produced | 2012 [1] |
Specifications | |
Mass | 586.4 pounds (266.0 kg)[2] or 350 kg (770 lb)[3] |
Length | 12.7 feet (3.9 m)[2] |
Diameter | 9.1 inches (23 cm)[2] |
Warhead | High-explosive |
Warhead weight | 90 kilograms (200 lb) |
Detonation mechanism | Laser/contact proximity fuse |
Engine | Rocket motor |
Operational range | 60 to 100km[4] |
Guidance system | Passive radar homing, home-on-jam, 800 MHz to 20 GHz |
Launch platform | Surface-Launched[5] and Air-Launched:
|
The MAR-1 is an air-to-surface (ASM) and surface-to-surface (SSM) anti-radiation missile (ARM) with GPS/INS capability under development by Brazil's Mectron and the Aerospace Technology and Science Department (Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial, DCTA) of the Brazilian Air Force. It is designed to suppress enemy air defenses (SEAD) by targeting surveillance radars and fire-control radars.[6]
Development and design
[edit]![](/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MAR-1_parts.jpg/220px-MAR-1_parts.jpg)
Development began in 1997[7] and was kept under tight secrecy, and for many years the weapon's manufacturers refused to acknowledge its existence.[8]
The program was conducted since the beginning by DCTA (Aerospace Technology and Science Department), along with Mectron, a São José dos Campos based company, and is currently in final testing phase. According to FAB, the test campaign is now in the weapons separation trials phase, using A-1B aircraft from IPTV (Instituto de Pesquisa e Teste de Voo - Research and Flight Test Institute), a division of DCTA.
Captive and certification flight tests were performed in December 2008, in order to evaluate the fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) module. This module, consisting of three interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes, is part of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and was developed indigenously by the Institute for Advanced Studies (Instituto de Estudos Avançados, IEAv).[9] The missile proximity fuse is provided by the Brazilian firm Opto Eletronica.[10]
The missile is guided by a locally developed passive anti-radiation seeker, designed to target different types of land-based and sea-based radars operating in different bands, including high power surveillance radars, low power mobile radars and tracking radars used by surface-to-air missile systems.[5] Enemy radars can be targeted by the missile independently or with targeting data from the launch aircraft's electronic warfare systems, such as the radar warning receiver. The missile has full ECCM capability, and uses passive guidance in self-defense (reactive) mode, or pre-programmed target mode, used primarily for area suppression or attacking expected targets.[11] In order to improve survivability, the missile's airframe is built with composite materials that reduce its radar cross-section.[7]
The greatest difficulty during development was designing the gyroscopic platform (a navigation system that "flies" the missile while it searches for targets during flight). Such technology is earmarked for embargo, due to political and strategic considerations, and could not be obtained from other parties. This resulted in the development of a Miniature Fiber-Optic Gyroscope, with three orthogonal axes, to provide the necessary information for on-board computers and ensuring missile accuracy. The design of this subsystem was conducted by IEAv (Institute of Advanced Studies of DCTA) and Mectron.
Another obstacle arose in 1999, when Brazil tried to purchase spiral antennas and some other systems for MAR-1's search head development from a Las Vegas manufacturer. The U.S. government blocked the sale, claiming that "it is not America's interest to introduce anti-radiation weapons in the region".[12] Faced with this obstacle, the DCTA had no alternative but to locally develop a seeker head.[12] This subsystem was developed and tested with simulated emissions from a TS-100 + Systems Excalibur (0.5 to 18 GHz) and HS-125 aircraft from CTA's flight test division, as well as EMB-110 "Bandeirulha" patrol aircraft equipped with electronic test gear.
Analysis of simulated firings concluded that the search head of the MAR-1 is able to detect a low-power radar such as the EDT-FILA at distances greater than 50 km.
Until April 2012, over 20 missile test firings have been carried out by AMX aircraft.[2]
In November 2012 an update to the missile's software was being introduced and the missile was undergoing final flight tests on A-1/AMX strike aircraft.[13]
In December 2008 the Brazilian government approved the sale of 100 MAR-1 missiles to the Pakistan Air Force, in a contract worth $108 million.[8] In April 2013 Mectron had integrated MAR-1 missiles with Pakistani Mirage III/V strike aircraft. Training rounds of the MAR-1 missile were also delivered, along with equipment for mission planning, logistics and support. Mectron is to finish development, testing and deliver the first operational missile rounds in 2014 to Brazil and Pakistan.[14]
In October 2013, the UAE Armed Forces expressed its interest in purchasing a batch of missiles.[15]
Operators
[edit]![](/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/MAR-1_operators.png/400px-MAR-1_operators.png)
Current operators
[edit]See also
[edit]- Similar missiles
- Rudram-1 – (India)
- Hormuz-2 – (Iran)
- ALARM – (United Kingdom)
- AGM-45 Shrike – (United States)
- AGM-88 HARM – (United States)
- AGM-122 Sidearm – (United States)
- Bibliography
- Crespo, Antonio (December 2006). "Nacionalização de Itens de Guerra Eletrônica: uma necessidade estratégica e logística". UNIFA (in Portuguese). 18 (21). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 136–141. ISSN 2175-2567. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013.
- Wall, Robert (23 April 2012). Velocci, Anthony (ed.). "Guided Trajectory". Aviation Week & Space Technology. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill: 79–80. ISSN 0005-2175.
References
[edit]- ^ "Mar-1". Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d Wall (2012), p. 80
- ^ "CTA – Mectron: Míssil MAR-1". defesanet.com.br. Archived from the original on 29 April 2007.
- ^ "MAR-1 está integrado ao JF-17 do Paquistão". 7 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Mercado em 3 continente" (in Portuguese). Tecnologia & Defesa. 25 October 2012. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
- ^ Morais, Ana; Filho, José; Mallaco, Lais; Brito, Márcia (2011). Relatório de Atividades: 2010 (PDF) (Report) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Aeronautics and Space Institute. p. 67. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
- ^ a b "MAR-1 Anti-Radiation Missile (Brazil) - Jane's Air-Launched Weapons". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008.
- ^ a b "Brazil to Sell MAR-1 SEAD Missiles to Pakistan".
- ^ "Blocos girométricos desenvolvidos no IEAv são testados no Míssil MAR-1" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Air Force. 22 December 2008. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
- ^ Bonilla, Javier (13 December 2013). "La brasileña Mectron comienza a producir a nivel industrial el misil anti radar MAR-1 exportado a Paquistán" (in Spanish). Defesa.com. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ Roberto, Godoy (5 December 2008). "Exportação de mísseis mostra novas metas do Plano de Defesa" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
- ^ a b Crespo (2006), p. 139
- ^ "Brazilian air force official details missile developments".
- ^ a b Hewson, Robert (17 April 2013). "Mectron's MAR-1 to be operational in Pakistan next year". Jane's Defence Weekly. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
- ^ "Tecnologia & Defesa". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2013.