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Coordinates: 51°01′13″N 114°10′17″W / 51.02028°N 114.17139°W / 51.02028; -114.17139 (Battalion Park)
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{{Short description|Geoglyph site in Calgary, Alberta, Canada}}
{{infobox Museum
{{infobox museum
|name = Battalion Park
|name = Battalion Park
|image = Battalion-Park-Szmurlo.jpg
|image = Battalion-Park-Szmurlo.jpg
|established = 3 November 1991
|established = 3 November 1991
|location = [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]] on [[Signal Hill, Calgary|Signal Hill]]
|location = [[Calgary]], Alberta, Canada on [[Signal Hill, Calgary|Signal Hill]]
|type = [[geoglyph]]s
|type = [[geoglyph]]s
|director =
|director =
|curator =
|curator =
|visitors =
|visitors =
|website =
|website = {{official URL}}
}}
}}
'''Battalion Park''' is a [[geoglyph]] site in south west [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]]. It is located on [[Signal Hill, Calgary|Signal Hill]], overlooking the [[Tsuu T'ina Nation|Sarcee Nation]], as well as lands formerly known as Camp Sarcee and later Sarcee Training Area, a military reserve used by the [[Canadian Forces]] from before the [[First World War]] up until the 1990s. The park extends over an area of {{Convert|93|ha}}, north of the [[Elbow River]]. Its heritage value is associated with its dedication to the heroic efforts of Albertan soldiers during [[World War One]]. The site contains four geoglyphs, numbered 137, 113, 151, and 51. The large, whitewashed stone, totaling 16,000 in all, form the centrepiece of the park. Arranged on the side of the hill, and visible from various parts of the city, they represent the battalions numbered 137, 113, 151, and 51.
'''Battalion Park''' is a [[geoglyph]] site in southwest [[Calgary]], Alberta, Canada. It is on [[Signal Hill, Calgary|Signal Hill]], overlooking the [[Tsuu T'ina Nation]] (formerly Sarcee Nation), as well as lands formerly known as Camp Sarcee and later Sarcee Training Area, a military reserve used by the [[Canadian Forces]] from before the [[First World War]] up until the 1990s. The park extends over an area of {{Convert|93|ha}}, north of the [[Elbow River]]. Its heritage value is associated with its dedication to the heroic efforts of Albertan soldiers during the First World War.
The site contains four geoglyphs formed of large, whitewashed stones, spelling out the numbers 137, 113, 151, and 51. The stones, totalling 16,000 in all, form the centrepiece of the park. Arranged on the side of the hill, and visible from various parts of the city, they represent the battalions numbered [[137th Battalion, CEF|137th]], [[113th Battalion, CEF|113th]], [[151st Battalion, CEF|151st]], and [[51st Battalion, CEF|51st]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
The {{Convert|93|ha}} park on Signal Hill overlooks the Sarcee Nation.<ref name="Park"/> It is situated to the north of the [[Elbow River]], beside the Westhills shopping complex,<ref name="DixonHoward2012">{{cite book|last1=Dixon|first1=Joan|last2=Howard|first2=Barb|title=Embedded on the Home Front: Where Military and Civilian Lives Converge|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Vy_1xou0RskC&pg=PA69|accessdate=21 February 2013|date=4 September 2012|publisher=Heritage House Publishing Co|isbn=978-1-927051-58-0|pages=69–}}</ref> on the city's western outskirts.<ref name="BagleyDuncan1993">{{cite book|last1=Bagley|first1=Fred|last2=Duncan|first2=Harvey Daniel|title=A legacy of courage: "Calgary's own" 137th Overseas Battalion, C.E.F.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=88xmAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=21 February 2013|year=1993|publisher=Plug Street Books|isbn=978-0-9697162-0-4|page=93}}</ref>
The {{Convert|93|ha|adj=on}} park on Signal Hill overlooks the Tsuutʼina Nation.<ref name="Park"/> It is north of the [[Elbow River]], beside the Westhills shopping complex,<ref name="DixonHoward2012">{{cite book|last1=Dixon|first1=Joan|last2=Howard|first2=Barb|title=Embedded on the Home Front: Where Military and Civilian Lives Converge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vy_1xou0RskC&pg=PA69|access-date=21 February 2013|date=4 September 2012|publisher=Heritage House Publishing Co|isbn=978-1-927051-58-0|pages=69–}}</ref> on the city's western outskirts.<ref name="BagleyDuncan1993">{{cite book|last1=Bagley|first1=Fred|last2=Duncan|first2=Harvey Daniel|title=A legacy of courage: "Calgary's own" 137th Overseas Battalion, C.E.F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88xmAAAAMAAJ|access-date=21 February 2013|year=1993|publisher=Plug Street Books|isbn=978-0-9697162-0-4|page=93}}</ref>


==History==
==History==

===Early history===
===Early history===
The Sarcee Indian Reserve leased a part of their land in the summer of 1914 to the Canadian militia to enable them to establish a prospective training site for military personnel. It was then known as Sarcee Camp (as it overlooks the [[Sarcee Nation]]), as it was an exclusive area in Alberta to provide training to the soldiers who were to be assigned to fight during World War I. The military reserve was used by the [[Canadian Forces]] from before the [[First World War]] up until the 1990s.<ref name="Park">{{cite web|url=http://www.calgary.ca/CSPS/Parks/Pages/Locations/SW-parks/Battalion-Park.aspx#|title=Batallion Park|publisher=City of Calgary|accessdate=18 February 2013}}</ref> In all, 45,000 men were trained at the the military camp. With this strength, the camp was the largest military training establishment in Canada during the war time. The 30 various units, housed in tents, included trainees drawn from various parts of the province. From [[Calgary-Fort]], it took a day's ride to approach the camp.
The then-Sarcee Indian Reserve leased a part of their land in the summer of 1914 to the [[Canadian Militia]] to enable them to establish a prospective training site for military personnel. It was then known as Sarcee Camp (as it overlooks what was then called the [[Tsuutʼina Nation|Sarcee Nation]]), and it was an exclusive area in Alberta to provide training to the soldiers who were to be assigned to fight during the First World War. The military reserve was used by the [[Canadian Forces]] from before the First World War up until the 1990s.<ref name="Park">{{cite web|url=http://www.calgary.ca/CSPS/Parks/Pages/Locations/SW-parks/Battalion-Park.aspx#|title=Battalion Park|publisher=City of Calgary|access-date=18 February 2013}}</ref> In all, 45,000 men were trained at the military camp. With this strength, the camp was the largest military training establishment in Canada during the war time. The 30 various units, housed in tents, included trainees drawn from various parts of the province. From [[Calgary]], it took a day's ride to approach the camp.


Army engineers mapped the area. Each unit established its identity within its prescribed area by using stones that were hauled in sacks by hand from the river by soldiers as part of their training programme, over a distance of {{Convert|2|km}} during off-duty hours. Several military units collaborated in collecting the stones to create the battalion numerals. They were gathered from the river and carried it to the site as part of the training exercies.<ref name="Historic">{{cite web|url= http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=5724|title=Battalion Numbers|publisher= Historicplaces.ca/Parks Canada | accessdate=18 February 2013}}</ref> Among those who did so were the four battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (Members of the Calgary, Lethbridge, Central Alberta, and Edmonton battalions) who were trained in the area.
Army engineers mapped the area. Each unit established its identity within its prescribed area by using stones that were hauled in sacks by hand from the river by soldiers as part of their training programme, over a distance of {{Convert|2|km}} during off-duty hours. Several military units collaborated in collecting the stones to create the battalion numerals. They were gathered from the river and carried it to the site as part of the training exercise.<ref name="Historic">{{cite web|url= http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=5724|title=Battalion Numbers|publisher= Historicplaces.ca/Parks Canada | access-date=18 February 2013}}</ref> Among those who did so were the four battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (Members of the Calgary, Lethbridge, Central Alberta, and Edmonton battalions) who were trained in the area.
[[File:Colonel Harwood and staff of 51st Battalion, Sarcee Army Camp, Calgary, Alberta.jpg|left|thumb|51st Battalion, Sarcee Army Camp in 1915]]
[[File:Colonel Harwood and staff of 51st Battalion, Sarcee Army Camp, Calgary, Alberta.jpg|left|thumb|51st Battalion, Sarcee Army Camp in 1915]]
After their training was over, the battalions were assigned to war regions abroad to fight in World War I. The 151st (central Alberta) Battalion, raised in the Red deer, Battle River, and south Edmonton districts, trained at the Sarcee Camp from December 22, 1915 until October 4, 1916; Lieutenant Colonel J.W. Arnott commanded.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/battalion_park08.html|title=About Calgary Calgary's Battalion Park, The 151th Infantry Battalion. C.E.F|accessdate=19 February 2013|publisher= Aboutcalgary.ab.ca}}</ref> The 137th Infantry Battalion, which was comprised of the men of "Calgary's Own", were trained in the Sarcee Camp from December 1915 to August 1916; they were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George W. Morfitt. On August 21, 1916, they embarked to Europe to participate in the war. They were amalgamated with the 21st Reserve Battalion for service. Those men who survived the war met at the park, till 1960s, to carry out weeding operations and also to re-paint the stones of their battalion number which they had erected in the past.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/battalion_park04.html|title=Calgary's Battalion Park The 137th Infantry Battalion. C.E.F|accessdate=19 February 2013|publisher= Aboutcalgary.ab.ca}}</ref> The 113th Battalion consisted of 883 men and officers who were trained at the Sarcee Camp from late May 1916 until September. The battalion used painted rocks to construct their battalion number on Signal Hill. The 51st Battalion of the [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]], under the command of Colonel Harwood, was also at the Sarcee Army Camp, in 1915.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww2.glenbow.org/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx?AC=GET_RECORD&XC=/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx&BU=&TN=IMAGEBAN&SN=AUTO19226&SE=269&RN=0&MR=10&TR=0&TX=1000&ES=0&CS=0&XP=&RF=WebResults&EF=&DF=WebResultsDetails&RL=0&EL=0&DL=0&NP=255&ID=&MF=WPEngMsg.ini&MQ=&TI=0&DT=&ST=0&IR=40558&NR=0&NB=0&SV=0&BG=&FG=&QS=&OEX=ISO-8859-1&OEH=ISO-8859-1|title=Glenbow archives NC-6-1407|accessdate=19 February 2013|publisher= Glenbow Museum}}</ref>
After their training was over, the battalions were assigned to war regions abroad to fight in the First World War. The [[151st (Central Alberta) Battalion]], raised in the Red Deer, Battle River, and South Edmonton districts, trained at the Sarcee Camp from December 22, 1915, until October 4, 1916; Lieutenant-Colonel J.W. Arnott commanded.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/battalion_park08.html|title= About Calgary Calgary's Battalion Park, The 151st Infantry Battalion. C.E.F|access-date= 19 February 2013|publisher= Aboutcalgary.ab.ca|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040703102518/http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/battalion_park08.html|archive-date= 3 July 2004|url-status= dead}}</ref> The [[137th (Calgary) Battalion, CEF]], which was composed of the men of "Calgary's Own", were trained in the Sarcee Camp from December 1915 to August 1916; they were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Morfitt. On August 21, 1916, they embarked to Europe to participate in the war. They were amalgamated with the 21st Reserve Battalion for service. Those men who survived the war met at the park, until the 1960s, to carry out weeding operations and also to repaint the stones of their battalion number which they had erected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/battalion_park04.html|title=Calgary's Battalion Park The 137th Infantry Battalion. C.E.F|access-date=19 February 2013|publisher=Aboutcalgary.ab.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040703105642/http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/battalion_park04.html|archive-date=3 July 2004|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[113th Battalion (Lethbridge Highlanders), CEF]], consisted of 883 men and officers who were trained at the Sarcee Camp from late May 1916 until September. The battalion used painted rocks to construct their battalion number on Signal Hill. The [[51st Battalion (Edmonton), CEF]], under the command of Colonel Harwood, was also at the Sarcee Army Camp, in 1915.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww2.glenbow.org/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx?AC=GET_RECORD&XC=/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx&BU=&TN=IMAGEBAN&SN=AUTO19226&SE=269&RN=0&MR=10&TR=0&TX=1000&ES=0&CS=0&XP=&RF=WebResults&EF=&DF=WebResultsDetails&RL=0&EL=0&DL=0&NP=255&ID=&MF=WPEngMsg.ini&MQ=&TI=0&DT=&ST=0&IR=40558&NR=0&NB=0&SV=0&BG=&FG=&QS=&OEX=ISO-8859-1&OEH=ISO-8859-1|title=Glenbow archives NC-6-1407|access-date=19 February 2013|publisher=Glenbow Museum|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819045035/http://ww2.glenbow.org/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx?AC=GET_RECORD&XC=/search/archivesPhotosResults.aspx&BU=&TN=IMAGEBAN&SN=AUTO19226&SE=269&RN=0&MR=10&TR=0&TX=1000&ES=0&CS=0&XP=&RF=WebResults&EF=&DF=WebResultsDetails&RL=0&EL=0&DL=0&NP=255&ID=&MF=WPEngMsg.ini&MQ=&TI=0&DT=&ST=0&IR=40558&NR=0&NB=0&SV=0&BG=&FG=&QS=&OEX=ISO-8859-1&OEH=ISO-8859-1|url-status=dead}}</ref>


===Later history===
===Later history===
With the battalions gone, the numbers were almost forgotten, overgrown by shrubs and grass. The stones were almost obscured till a local historian found them; he found the stones prior to grading as part of a protection strategy for the hill which was subject to erosion, and to enable construction activity in the area.<ref name="Park"/> Getting the site its present historical status involved concerted efforts by the cadets of units, particularly of the 157 Battalion, stationed in Calgary; this effort stretched to several years of pursuing with the authorities. The stones were safely kept by Stewart Green Properties Ltd until they were restored.<ref name="Park"/> Development involved work on a gravel pit by Richmond Road, slope grading, rock replacement, and stairs construction.<ref name="SandalackNicolai2006">{{cite book|last1=Sandalack|first1=Beverly Ann|last2=Nicolai|first2=Andrei|title=The Calgary project: urban form/urban life|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_GNPAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=21 February 2013|date=21 September 2006|publisher=University of Calgary Press|isbn=978-1-55238-217-2|page=155}}</ref> Battalion Park officially opened on 3 November 1991.<ref name="Park"/><ref name=Battallion>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calgaryplus.ca/calgary/venues/battalion-park|title=Battalion Park |accessdate=18 February 2013|publisher=Calgaryplus.ca}}</ref><ref name=Park>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calgary.ca/CSPS/Parks/Pages/Locations/SW-parks/Battalion-Park.aspx|title= Battalion Park|publisher=The City of Calgary}}</Ref>
With the battalions gone, the numbers were almost forgotten, overgrown by shrubs and grass. The stones were almost obscured until a local historian found them; he found the stones prior to grading as part of a protection strategy for the hill which was subject to erosion, and to enable construction activity in the area.<ref name="Park"/> Getting the site its present historical status involved concerted efforts by the cadets of units, particularly of the 157th Battalion, stationed in Calgary; this effort stretched to several years of pursuing with the authorities. The stones were safely kept by Stewart Green Properties Ltd until they were restored.<ref name="Park"/> Development involved work on a gravel pit by Richmond Road, slope grading, rock replacement, and stairs construction.<ref name="SandalackNicolai2006">{{cite book|last1=Sandalack|first1=Beverly Ann|last2=Nicolai|first2=Andrei|title=The Calgary project: urban form/urban life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GNPAAAAMAAJ|access-date=21 February 2013|date=21 September 2006|publisher=University of Calgary Press|isbn=978-1-55238-217-2|page=155}}</ref> Battalion Park officially opened on 3 November 1991.<ref name="Park"/><ref name=Battallion>{{Cite web|url=http://www.calgaryplus.ca/calgary/venues/battalion-park|title=Battalion Park |access-date=18 February 2013|publisher=Calgaryplus.ca}}</ref>


The 51st Battalion is still a reserve unit of the Loyal Edmonton Regiment. The 137 Battalion exists as a reserve unit of the King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC). The 151 Battalion was disbanded after the war, in 1936, and the 113 Battalion of the [[Lethbridge Highlanders]] was merged with other units on their return to [[England]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocaching.com/track/log.aspx?LUID=338fd0e5-60e1-4191-9343-dc528b252629|title=View Trackable Log|accessdate=19 February 2013|publisher=Geocaching.com}}</ref>
The 51st Battalion is perpetuated by an existing reserve unit, the [[Loyal Edmonton Regiment]]. The 137th Battalion is perpetuated by another reserve unit, the [[King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC)]]. The 151st Battalion was perpetuated by the [[North Alberta Regiment]], which disbanded in 1936, and the 113th Battalion of the Lethbridge Highlanders is perpetuated by the [[South Alberta Light Horse]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocaching.com/track/log.aspx?LUID=338fd0e5-60e1-4191-9343-dc528b252629|title=View Trackable Log|access-date=19 February 2013|publisher=Geocaching.com}}</ref>


==Features==
==Features==
The glyphs, which form the centre piece of the park, are large whitewashed stones (16,000 of them), arranged on the side of the hill and represent the battalions numbers 137, 113, 151, and 51.<ref name="Park"/> The numbers, serif-type numerals, were created using 16,000 stones.<ref name="Park"/> While the numerals 137, 151, and 51 are in a cluster, the glyph representing number “113” is further away in an undisturbed state as made in-situ initially from 1916/07/01 to 1916/08/31, but located within the park.<ref name="Historic">{{cite web|url= http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=5724|title=Battalion Numbers|publisher= Historicplaces.ca | accessdate=18 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=Calgary>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM24FK_Battalion_Park_Signal_Hill_Calgary_Alberta|title= Battalion Park - Signal Hill - Calgary, Alberta|accessdate=18 February 2013|publisher=Waymarking.com}}</ref> Number "113" is at its original location, on a high ridge, while the others had to be shifted from their original location to the present site because of the need to develop the area for roads and other economic activities. The glyph with number "113" is located on {{Convert|0.265|ha}} area of land on a high ridge, and each numeral of "113" measures {{Convert|36.5|m}} in length and {{Convert|1.8|-|3.7|m}} in width.<ref name="Historic"/> The number is made up of white-painted stones.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cefresearch.ca/matrix/Army%20Corps/Divisions/Reorganized%20Units/Reinforcements/113th%20Battalion.htm|title= Canadian Expeditionary Force Study Group, "The Matrix Project", 113th Battalion|accessdate=19 February 2013|publisher= Great War Research Company}}</ref> The park consists of a walkway up the hill along paved and mud paths with several interpretative displays of the numerals and a “lookout landing”.
The glyphs, which form the centre piece of the park, are large whitewashed stones arranged on the side of the hill. They represent the battalion numbers 137, 113, 151, and 51.<ref name="Park"/> The serif-type numerals were created using 16,000 stones.<ref name="Park"/> While the numerals 137, 151, and 51 are in a cluster, the glyph representing number "113" is further away in an undisturbed state as made in-situ initially from July 1, 1916, to August 31, 1916, but located within the park.<ref name="Historic"/><ref name=Calgary>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM24FK_Battalion_Park_Signal_Hill_Calgary_Alberta|title= Battalion Park&nbsp;— Signal Hill&nbsp;— Calgary, Alberta|access-date=18 February 2013|publisher=Waymarking.com}}</ref> Number "113" is at its original location, on a high ridge, while the others had to be shifted from their original location to the present site because of the need to develop the area for roads and other economic activities. The glyph with number "113" is on {{Convert|0.265|ha}} area of land on a high ridge, and each numeral of "113" measures {{Convert|36.5|m}} in length and {{Convert|1.8|-|3.7|m}} in width.<ref name="Historic"/> The number is made up of white-painted stones.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cefresearch.ca/matrix/Army%20Corps/Divisions/Reorganized%20Units/Reinforcements/113th%20Battalion.htm|title= Canadian Expeditionary Force Study Group, "The Matrix Project", 113th Battalion|access-date=19 February 2013|publisher= Great War Research Company}}</ref> The park consists of a walkway up the hill along paths, boardwalks, wooden staircases equipped with bicycle ramps and a "lookout landing". Along the walkway are a dozen interpretive signs about the numerals and various aspects of WW1.


==Commemoration==
==Commemoration==
In a homage paid by 104 cadets who gathered at the Battalion Park Monument, a plaque was erected as dedication to their ancestors who were part of the action during 1915 and 1916 in the World War I. The names of the battalions are mentioned on the plaque. On this occasion they also painted the stones which mark the numbers of the battalions. The units involved in its assembly, mentioned on the plaque, are: 85 RCSCC Calgary, 604 Moose Sqdn RCAC, 22 Undaunted RGSCC, 781 Calgary Sqdn, RCAC 1292 LdSH (RC), RCACC 2554, PPCLI CC 1955, Service Bn RCACC, Buffalo Sqdn 538, RCAC 2509, Royal Cdn Signals, CC 2137 Calgary Highlanders, and CC 52 City of Calgary Sqdn RCCA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/bp-picture.html|title=About Calgary Calgary's Battalion Park Monument|accessdate=19 February 2013|source=Veterans week 5-11 November 2001|publisher= Aboutcalgary.ab.ca}}</ref>
In a homage paid by 104 cadets who gathered at the Battalion Park Monument, a plaque was erected as dedication to their ancestors who were part of the action during 1915 and 1916 in the First World War. The names of the battalions are mentioned on the plaque. On this occasion they also painted the stones which mark the numbers of the battalions. The units involved in its assembly, mentioned on the plaque, are: 85 [[RCSCC Calgary]], 604 Moose Squadron RCAC, 22 Undaunted RGSCC, 781 Calgary Squadron, RCAC 1292 LdSH (RC), RCACC 2554, PPCLI CC 1955, Service Battalion RCACC, Buffalo Squadron 538, RCAC 2509, Royal Cdn Signals, CC 2137 Calgary Highlanders, and CC 52 City of Calgary Squadron RCAC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/bp-picture.html|title=About Calgary Calgary's Battalion Park Monument|access-date=19 February 2013|date=5–11 November 2001|publisher=Aboutcalgary.ab.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050103034737/http://aboutcalgary.ab.ca/remembrance/battalion_park/bp-picture.html|archive-date=3 January 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Members of the King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC), who perpetuate the 137th (Calgary) Battalion CEF, commemorate the sacrifices of their comrades each Remembrance Day by sending a contingent to the memorial and conducting a ceremony of remembrance.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Hillside letters]]
*[[Hillside letters]]
*[[Military history of Canada]]
*[[Military history of Canada]]
*[[Fovant Badges]]


==References==
==References==
Line 42: Line 49:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{official website}}
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo6/no2/history-histoire-02-eng.asp History of the Canadian Forces Museums 1919-2004]
* [http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo6/no2/history-histoire-02-eng.asp History of the Canadian Forces Museums 1919—2004]


{{Calgary landmarks}}
{{Calgary landmarks}}
{{Hill figures}}
{{coord|51|01|13|N|114|10|17|W|scale:5000_type:landmark_region:CA|display=title|name=Battalion Park}}
{{coord|51|01|13|N|114|10|17|W|scale:5000_type:landmark_region:CA|display=title|name=Battalion Park}}


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[[Category:Geoglyphs]]
[[Category:Geoglyphs]]
[[Category:Hill figures in Canada]]
[[Category:Hill figures in Canada]]

[[es:Parque Battalion]]

Latest revision as of 22:04, 7 December 2024

Battalion Park
Map
Established3 November 1991
LocationCalgary, Alberta, Canada on Signal Hill
Typegeoglyphs
Websitecalgary.ca/CSPS/Parks/Pages/Locations/SW-parks/Battalion-Park.aspx Edit this at Wikidata

Battalion Park is a geoglyph site in southwest Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is on Signal Hill, overlooking the Tsuu T'ina Nation (formerly Sarcee Nation), as well as lands formerly known as Camp Sarcee and later Sarcee Training Area, a military reserve used by the Canadian Forces from before the First World War up until the 1990s. The park extends over an area of 93 hectares (230 acres), north of the Elbow River. Its heritage value is associated with its dedication to the heroic efforts of Albertan soldiers during the First World War.

The site contains four geoglyphs formed of large, whitewashed stones, spelling out the numbers 137, 113, 151, and 51. The stones, totalling 16,000 in all, form the centrepiece of the park. Arranged on the side of the hill, and visible from various parts of the city, they represent the battalions numbered 137th, 113th, 151st, and 51st.

Geography

[edit]

The 93-hectare (230-acre) park on Signal Hill overlooks the Tsuutʼina Nation.[1] It is north of the Elbow River, beside the Westhills shopping complex,[2] on the city's western outskirts.[3]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

The then-Sarcee Indian Reserve leased a part of their land in the summer of 1914 to the Canadian Militia to enable them to establish a prospective training site for military personnel. It was then known as Sarcee Camp (as it overlooks what was then called the Sarcee Nation), and it was an exclusive area in Alberta to provide training to the soldiers who were to be assigned to fight during the First World War. The military reserve was used by the Canadian Forces from before the First World War up until the 1990s.[1] In all, 45,000 men were trained at the military camp. With this strength, the camp was the largest military training establishment in Canada during the war time. The 30 various units, housed in tents, included trainees drawn from various parts of the province. From Calgary, it took a day's ride to approach the camp.

Army engineers mapped the area. Each unit established its identity within its prescribed area by using stones that were hauled in sacks by hand from the river by soldiers as part of their training programme, over a distance of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) during off-duty hours. Several military units collaborated in collecting the stones to create the battalion numerals. They were gathered from the river and carried it to the site as part of the training exercise.[4] Among those who did so were the four battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (Members of the Calgary, Lethbridge, Central Alberta, and Edmonton battalions) who were trained in the area.

51st Battalion, Sarcee Army Camp in 1915

After their training was over, the battalions were assigned to war regions abroad to fight in the First World War. The 151st (Central Alberta) Battalion, raised in the Red Deer, Battle River, and South Edmonton districts, trained at the Sarcee Camp from December 22, 1915, until October 4, 1916; Lieutenant-Colonel J.W. Arnott commanded.[5] The 137th (Calgary) Battalion, CEF, which was composed of the men of "Calgary's Own", were trained in the Sarcee Camp from December 1915 to August 1916; they were commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Morfitt. On August 21, 1916, they embarked to Europe to participate in the war. They were amalgamated with the 21st Reserve Battalion for service. Those men who survived the war met at the park, until the 1960s, to carry out weeding operations and also to repaint the stones of their battalion number which they had erected.[6] The 113th Battalion (Lethbridge Highlanders), CEF, consisted of 883 men and officers who were trained at the Sarcee Camp from late May 1916 until September. The battalion used painted rocks to construct their battalion number on Signal Hill. The 51st Battalion (Edmonton), CEF, under the command of Colonel Harwood, was also at the Sarcee Army Camp, in 1915.[7]

Later history

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With the battalions gone, the numbers were almost forgotten, overgrown by shrubs and grass. The stones were almost obscured until a local historian found them; he found the stones prior to grading as part of a protection strategy for the hill which was subject to erosion, and to enable construction activity in the area.[1] Getting the site its present historical status involved concerted efforts by the cadets of units, particularly of the 157th Battalion, stationed in Calgary; this effort stretched to several years of pursuing with the authorities. The stones were safely kept by Stewart Green Properties Ltd until they were restored.[1] Development involved work on a gravel pit by Richmond Road, slope grading, rock replacement, and stairs construction.[8] Battalion Park officially opened on 3 November 1991.[1][9]

The 51st Battalion is perpetuated by an existing reserve unit, the Loyal Edmonton Regiment. The 137th Battalion is perpetuated by another reserve unit, the King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC). The 151st Battalion was perpetuated by the North Alberta Regiment, which disbanded in 1936, and the 113th Battalion of the Lethbridge Highlanders is perpetuated by the South Alberta Light Horse.[10]

Features

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The glyphs, which form the centre piece of the park, are large whitewashed stones arranged on the side of the hill. They represent the battalion numbers 137, 113, 151, and 51.[1] The serif-type numerals were created using 16,000 stones.[1] While the numerals 137, 151, and 51 are in a cluster, the glyph representing number "113" is further away in an undisturbed state as made in-situ initially from July 1, 1916, to August 31, 1916, but located within the park.[4][11] Number "113" is at its original location, on a high ridge, while the others had to be shifted from their original location to the present site because of the need to develop the area for roads and other economic activities. The glyph with number "113" is on 0.265 hectares (0.65 acres) area of land on a high ridge, and each numeral of "113" measures 36.5 metres (120 ft) in length and 1.8–3.7 metres (5 ft 11 in – 12 ft 2 in) in width.[4] The number is made up of white-painted stones.[12] The park consists of a walkway up the hill along paths, boardwalks, wooden staircases equipped with bicycle ramps and a "lookout landing". Along the walkway are a dozen interpretive signs about the numerals and various aspects of WW1.

Commemoration

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In a homage paid by 104 cadets who gathered at the Battalion Park Monument, a plaque was erected as dedication to their ancestors who were part of the action during 1915 and 1916 in the First World War. The names of the battalions are mentioned on the plaque. On this occasion they also painted the stones which mark the numbers of the battalions. The units involved in its assembly, mentioned on the plaque, are: 85 RCSCC Calgary, 604 Moose Squadron RCAC, 22 Undaunted RGSCC, 781 Calgary Squadron, RCAC 1292 LdSH (RC), RCACC 2554, PPCLI CC 1955, Service Battalion RCACC, Buffalo Squadron 538, RCAC 2509, Royal Cdn Signals, CC 2137 Calgary Highlanders, and CC 52 City of Calgary Squadron RCAC.[13]

Members of the King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC), who perpetuate the 137th (Calgary) Battalion CEF, commemorate the sacrifices of their comrades each Remembrance Day by sending a contingent to the memorial and conducting a ceremony of remembrance.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Battalion Park". City of Calgary. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  2. ^ Dixon, Joan; Howard, Barb (4 September 2012). Embedded on the Home Front: Where Military and Civilian Lives Converge. Heritage House Publishing Co. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-927051-58-0. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  3. ^ Bagley, Fred; Duncan, Harvey Daniel (1993). A legacy of courage: "Calgary's own" 137th Overseas Battalion, C.E.F. Plug Street Books. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-9697162-0-4. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  4. ^ a b c "Battalion Numbers". Historicplaces.ca/Parks Canada. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  5. ^ "About Calgary Calgary's Battalion Park, The 151st Infantry Battalion. C.E.F". Aboutcalgary.ab.ca. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  6. ^ "Calgary's Battalion Park The 137th Infantry Battalion. C.E.F". Aboutcalgary.ab.ca. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  7. ^ "Glenbow archives NC-6-1407". Glenbow Museum. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  8. ^ Sandalack, Beverly Ann; Nicolai, Andrei (21 September 2006). The Calgary project: urban form/urban life. University of Calgary Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-55238-217-2. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  9. ^ "Battalion Park". Calgaryplus.ca. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  10. ^ "View Trackable Log". Geocaching.com. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  11. ^ "Battalion Park — Signal Hill — Calgary, Alberta". Waymarking.com. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  12. ^ "Canadian Expeditionary Force Study Group, "The Matrix Project", 113th Battalion". Great War Research Company. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  13. ^ "About Calgary Calgary's Battalion Park Monument". Aboutcalgary.ab.ca. 5–11 November 2001. Archived from the original on 3 January 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
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51°01′13″N 114°10′17″W / 51.02028°N 114.17139°W / 51.02028; -114.17139 (Battalion Park)

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