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{{otheruses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Squillace
| name = Squillace
| official_name = Città di Squillace
| official_name = Città di Squillace
| native_name =
| native_name = {{native name|el-Latn|Skylàkion}}
| image_skyline = Burg von Squillace.jpg
| image_skyline = Burg von Squillace.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_shield = squillace-Stemma.png
| image_shield = Squillace-Stemma.png
| shield_alt =
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| image_map =
Line 15: Line 16:
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|38|47|N|16|31|E|region:IT_type:city(3451)|display=inline}}
| latd = 38 |latm = 47 |lats = |latNS = N
| longd = 16 |longm = 31 |longs = |longEW = E
| coordinates_type = region:IT_type:city(3451)
| coordinates_display =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Calabria]]
| region = [[Calabria]]
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| frazioni = Fiasco Baldaia, Squillace Lido
| frazioni = Fiasco Baldaia, Squillace Lido
| mayor_party =
| mayor_party =
| mayor = Guido Rhodio
| mayor = Pasquale Muccari
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 33
| area_total_km2 = 33
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1391
| population_total = 3541
| population_as_of = May 31, 2005
| population_as_of = December 31, 2013
| pop_density_footnotes =
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Squillacesi
| population_demonym = Squillacesi
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| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Squillace''' ({{Lang-el|Skyllision, Skyllition}}) is an ancient seaside town and ''[[comune]]'', in the [[Province of Catanzaro]], part of [[Calabria]], southern [[Italy]], facing the [[Gulf of Squillace]].


'''Squillace''' ({{langx|el-Latn|label=[[Calabrian Greek]]|Skylàkion}}; {{langx|grc|Σκυλλήτιον|Skyllḗtion}}; {{langx|grc-x-medieval|Σκυλάκιον|Skylákion}}) is an ancient town and {{lang|it|[[comune]]}} in the [[Province of Catanzaro]], part of [[Calabria]], [[Southern Italy]].
⚫
Squillace is situated on the east coast of Calabria, on the shores of an extensive bay, the Gulf of Squillace ({{lang-it|Golfo di Squillace}}), which indents the coast of Calabria on the east as deeply as that of the [[Gulf of Saint Eufemia]] (Italian: ''Golfo di Sant'Eufemia'') does on the west, with comparatively narrow isthmus between them.

⚫
Squillace is situated near the east coast of Calabria, facing the shores of the eponymous Gulf of Squillace ({{langx|it|Golfo di Squillace}}), which indents the coast of Calabria on the east as deeply as that of the [[Gulf of Saint Euphemia]] ({{langx|it|Golfo di Sant'Eufemia|links=no}}) does on the west, with a comparatively narrow isthmus between them facing the [[Gulf of Squillace|eponymous gulf]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World |edition=13 |year=2011 |publisher=Times Books |location=London |isbn=9780007419135 |page=78 L6}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Squillace is known today as one of Italy's most important archaeological sites as well as a popular resort.
Squillace is known today as one of Italy's most important archaeological sites as well as a popular resort. The name derives from the ancient city of [[Scylletium]], the principal ruins of which are located in the nearby comune of [[Borgia (CZ)|Borgia]]. The Roman statesman and writer [[Cassiodorus]] founded a monastery called [[Vivarium (monastery)|Vivarium]] on his family estates on the shores of the Ionian Sea in the 6th century AD. This monastery was on the site of the modern Santa Maria de Vetere near Squillace.
===Medieval and early modern history===


The modern town was founded as a [[Byzantine]] fortress during the [[Byzantine reconquest of Italy]] (6th–8th century). During the [[Middle Ages]] it was subject to frequent raids by [[Saracens]], who made it for a short time a strong military base. After this brief Arab rule the city fell under the hegemony of the [[Normans]], who in 1044 built a castle and transformed the settlement into a county.{{clarify|date=January 2014}}
The name derives from the ancient city of [[Scylletium]], the principal ruins of which are located in the nearby comune of [[Borgia (CZ)|Borgia]].


⚫
During the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], with the lordship of [[Roger of Lauria]], Squillace passed first to [[Robert, King of Naples|Robert of Anjou]] and to the counts of [[Monfort]], then for one hundred and fifty years the city was ruled by the [[Marzano (surname)|Marzano family]]. In 1445, it reverted to the Aragonese [[Kings of Naples]] but passed by marriage to the infamous [[House of Borgia]], who ruled the city as Princes of Squillace from 1494 to 1735. The Borgias themselves lived either in Naples or in Spain, being represented in Squillace by governors.
The Roman statesman and writer [[Cassiodorus]] founded a monastery called Vivarium on his family estates on the shores of the Ionian Sea in the sixth century AD. This monastery was on the site of the modern Santa Maria de Vetere near Squillace.


⚫
[[Gioffre Borgia]] (1482&ndash;1516), son of [[Pope Alexander VI]] and younger brother of [[Cesare Borgia]] and [[Lucrezia Borgia]], married [[Sancha of Aragon|Sancia (Sancha) of Aragon]], daughter of [[Alfonso II of Naples]]. Gioffre thereby obtained both the [[Prince of Squillace|Principality of Squillace]] (1494) and the [[Duchy of Alvito]] (1497) as his wife's dowry. He lost Alvito after the death of Sancia in 1506, but managed to retain Squillace. Subsequently he married Maria de Mila, and their son Francesco Borgia inherited the Principality.
The modern town was founded as a [[Byzantine]] fortress during the [[Byzantine reconquest of Italy]] (6th–8th c.)


Three more Borgias ruled Squillace after Francesco: Giovanni, Pietro and, finally, Anna, after whose death the Principality passed to [[Francisco de Borja y Aragón]] and thence to his brother [[Fernando de Borja y Aragón]]. Under the Bourbons, Squillace was downgraded to a Marquisate and granted in 1755 to the Marquis [[Leopoldo de Gregorio, 1st Marquess of Esquilache|Leopoldo de Gregorio]], a nobleman from Messina who was to be the last feudal lord of Squillace.{{clarify|date=January 2014}}
During the [[Middle Ages]] it was subject to frequent raids by [[Saracens]], whom made it for a short time a dreadfull military base.

After the brief Arab rule the city fell under [[Normans|Norman]] hegemony. Its strategic military role, already recognised by the [[Greeks]], was also recognized by the Normans who in 1044 build a castle and transformed the settlement into a [[county]]
⚫
During the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], with the lordship of [[Roger of Lauria]], Squillace passed first to [[Robert, King of Naples|Robert of Anjou]] and to the counts of [[Monfort]], then for one hundred and fifty years the city was ruled by the counts of Marzano.

In 1445 it reverted to the Aragonese [[Kings of Naples]] but passed by marriage to the infamous [[House of Borgia]], who ruled the city as Princes of Squillace from 1494 to 1735.

⚫
[[Gioffre Borgia]] (1482-1516), son of [[ Pope Alexander VI]] and younger brother of [[Cesare Borgia]] and [[Lucrezia Borgia]], married [[Sancha of Aragon|Sancia (Sancha) of Aragon]], daughter of [[Alfonso II of Naples]]. Gioffre thereby obtained both the Principality of Squillace (1494) and the [[Duchy of Alvito]] (1497) as his wife's dowry.

Although Gioffre was deprived of Alvito after the death of Sancia in 1506, he managed to retain Squillace. He subsequently married Maria de Mila, and passed it on to their son Francesco Borgia.

The Borgia Princes were: Gioffre, Francesco, Giovanni, Pietro and finally Anna e Donna Antonia Borgia D’Aragona on whose death, in 1735, it passed to the [[House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Bourbon Kings of the Two Sicilies]]. Living either in Naples or in Spain. the Borgias ruled their fief through governors.

Under the Bourbons Squillace was downgraded to Marquisate and granted in 1755 to the Marquis Leopoldo De Gregorio, a noble from Messina who was to be the last feudal Lord of Squillace.


==Ceramics==
==Ceramics==
Production of highly prized [[terra cotta]] has been an important part the local economy for centuries; [[Cassiodorus]]' writings make several mentions of it. Squillace is the home of the ''pignatari'' style of ceramic artistry. The name is derived from the Italian word ''pignata'', an earthenware container used for cooking beans over an open fire.
Production of highly prized [[terra cotta]] has been an important part the local economy for centuries; [[Cassiodorus]] makes several mentions of it in his writings. Squillace is the home of the ''pignatari'' style of ceramic artistry. The name is derived from the Italian word ''pignata'', an earthenware container used for cooking beans over an open fire.


==People==
==Notable people==
*[[Cassiodorus]]
* [[Cassiodorus]]
*[[Florestano Pepe]]
* [[Florestano Pepe]]
*[[Guglielmo Pepe]]
* [[Guglielmo Pepe]]


==References==
==References==
{{commonscat|Squillace}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Squillace}}


{{Province of Catanzaro}}
{{Province of Catanzaro}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Archaeological sites in Italy]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Calabria]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Calabria]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Calabria]]

{{Calabria-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:39, 18 November 2024

For other uses, see Squillace (disambiguation).
Squillace
Skylàkion (Greek)
Comune
Città di Squillace
Coat of arms of Squillace
Coat of arms
Location of Squillace
Map
Squillace is located in Italy
Squillace
Squillace
Location of Squillace in Italy
Squillace is located in Calabria
Squillace
Squillace
Squillace (Calabria)
Coordinates: 38°47′N 16°31′E / 38.783°N 16.517°E / 38.783; 16.517
CountryItaly
RegionCalabria
ProvinceCatanzaro (CZ)
FrazioniFiasco Baldaia, Squillace Lido
Government
 • MayorPasquale Muccari
Area
[1]
 • Total
33 km2 (13 sq mi)
Elevation
344 m (1,129 ft)
Population
 (December 31, 2013)[2]
 • Total
3,541
 • Density110/km2 (280/sq mi)
DemonymSquillacesi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
88069
Dialing code0961
Patron saintSt. Agathius Martyr
Saint dayMay 7
Websitehttp://www.squillace.org

Squillace (Calabrian Greek: Skylàkion; Ancient Greek: Σκυλλήτιον, romanized: Skyllḗtion; Medieval Greek: Σκυλάκιον, romanized: Skylákion) is an ancient town and comune in the Province of Catanzaro, part of Calabria, Southern Italy.

Squillace is situated near the east coast of Calabria, facing the shores of the eponymous Gulf of Squillace (Italian: Golfo di Squillace), which indents the coast of Calabria on the east as deeply as that of the Gulf of Saint Euphemia (Italian: Golfo di Sant'Eufemia) does on the west, with a comparatively narrow isthmus between them facing the eponymous gulf.[3]

History

[edit]

Squillace is known today as one of Italy's most important archaeological sites as well as a popular resort. The name derives from the ancient city of Scylletium, the principal ruins of which are located in the nearby comune of Borgia. The Roman statesman and writer Cassiodorus founded a monastery called Vivarium on his family estates on the shores of the Ionian Sea in the 6th century AD. This monastery was on the site of the modern Santa Maria de Vetere near Squillace.

Medieval and early modern history

[edit]

The modern town was founded as a Byzantine fortress during the Byzantine reconquest of Italy (6th–8th century). During the Middle Ages it was subject to frequent raids by Saracens, who made it for a short time a strong military base. After this brief Arab rule the city fell under the hegemony of the Normans, who in 1044 built a castle and transformed the settlement into a county.[clarification needed]

During the Kingdom of Sicily, with the lordship of Roger of Lauria, Squillace passed first to Robert of Anjou and to the counts of Monfort, then for one hundred and fifty years the city was ruled by the Marzano family. In 1445, it reverted to the Aragonese Kings of Naples but passed by marriage to the infamous House of Borgia, who ruled the city as Princes of Squillace from 1494 to 1735. The Borgias themselves lived either in Naples or in Spain, being represented in Squillace by governors.

Gioffre Borgia (1482–1516), son of Pope Alexander VI and younger brother of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia, married Sancia (Sancha) of Aragon, daughter of Alfonso II of Naples. Gioffre thereby obtained both the Principality of Squillace (1494) and the Duchy of Alvito (1497) as his wife's dowry. He lost Alvito after the death of Sancia in 1506, but managed to retain Squillace. Subsequently he married Maria de Mila, and their son Francesco Borgia inherited the Principality.

Three more Borgias ruled Squillace after Francesco: Giovanni, Pietro and, finally, Anna, after whose death the Principality passed to Francisco de Borja y Aragón and thence to his brother Fernando de Borja y Aragón. Under the Bourbons, Squillace was downgraded to a Marquisate and granted in 1755 to the Marquis Leopoldo de Gregorio, a nobleman from Messina who was to be the last feudal lord of Squillace.[clarification needed]

Ceramics

[edit]

Production of highly prized terra cotta has been an important part the local economy for centuries; Cassiodorus makes several mentions of it in his writings. Squillace is the home of the pignatari style of ceramic artistry. The name is derived from the Italian word pignata, an earthenware container used for cooking beans over an open fire.

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (13 ed.). London: Times Books. 2011. p. 78 L6. ISBN 9780007419135.
[edit]

Media related to Squillace at Wikimedia Commons

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