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'''Joseph Lowe''' ([[fl.]] 1800–1830) was a Scottish journalist and [[political economist]].
{{Short description|Scottish journalist and political economist}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
'''Joseph Lowe''' (died 1831)<ref name="JB">{{cite book|author=Bentham, Jeremy|title=The Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham: July 1820 to December 1821|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SDEZoggaJwQC&pg=PA327|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-822617-8|page=327 note}}</ref> was a Scottish journalist and [[political economist]], well known for his pioneer treatment of [[indexation]]. [[Maurice Kendall]] called him the generally recognised "father of [[index number]]s".<ref>{{cite book|author1=William N. Goetzmann|author2=K. Geert Rouwenhorst|title=The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oi7Osz2Ss0C&pg=PA240|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517571-4|page=240}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kendall |first=M. G. |date=1969 |title=Studies in the History of Probability and Statistics, XXI. The Early History of Index Numbers |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1402090 |journal=Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.2307/1402090 |issn=0373-1138}}</ref>

In the debate on the [[Corn Laws]] in 1839, [[Sir Robert Peel]] cited the views of Lowe and [[Thomas Tooke]], to argue against imposing a low fixed rate of import duty on corn.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anna Gambles|title=Protection and Politics: Conservative Economic Discourse, 1815 – 1852|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6I45qlpqsMC&pg=PA66|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1999|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-0-86193-244-3|page=66 note 54}}</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
He was from [[Brechin]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Barton Swaim|title=Scottish Men of Letters and the New Public Sphere, 1802 - 1834|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=q-rgGbIN3XUC&pg=PA13|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=2009|publisher=Associated University Presse|isbn=978-0-8387-5716-1|page=13}}</ref> and a friend of [[James Mill]]. He was appointed lecturer in Commerce at [[King's College, London]], around 1830.<ref>{{cite book|title=The London Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, Etc|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TyMAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA314|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1831|publisher=H. Colburn|page=314}}</ref> According to Mill's biographer [[Alexander Bain]], Lowe was partly dependent on Mill, and was unable to retain his position.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alexander Bain|title=James Mill: A Biography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lfb2I7_BdgUC&pg=PA80|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=8 December 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-04080-8|page=80}}</ref>
From [[Brechin]], Lowe attended the [[University of St Andrews]] and [[University of Edinburgh]]. He then went into business, spending time in the Netherlands from 1792, and then London.<ref name="Trans">{{cite book|author=Joseph Lowe|title=England nach seinem gegenwärtigen zustande des ackerbaues, des handels und der finanzen ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uE5TAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP21|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1823|publisher=F.A. Brockhaus|pages=20–1|language=de}}</ref><ref name="Dick">{{cite book|author=Alexander Dick|title=Romanticism and the Gold Standard: Money, Literature, and Economic Debate in Britain 1790–1830|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PC4GFPy38kwC&pg=PT32|accessdate=16 May 2013|date=12 April 2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-29293-3|pages=32–3}}</ref>


[[William Stanley Jevons]] later found Lowe's pioneer work on [[index-linked bond]]s "ingenious".<ref>{{cite book|author=John C. Wood|title=William Stanley Jevons: critical assessments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uMcIp7TTBpsC&pg=PA159|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1988|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-00387-2|page=159}}</ref> Lowe was a proponent of such bonds during the 1820s, to support and buffer the developing [[capital market]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert T. Price|title=The Rationale and Design of Inflation-Indexed Bonds (EPub)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2XnoGhUBHWAC&pg=PA1990|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=1 January 1997|publisher=International Monetary Fund|isbn=978-1-4527-4425-4|page=1990}}</ref>
Lowe spent a period at [[Caen]] in France, from June 1814.<ref name="Trans"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Barton Swaim|title=Scottish Men of Letters and the New Public Sphere, 1802 – 1834|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-rgGbIN3XUC&pg=PA13|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=2009|publisher=Associated University Presse|isbn=978-0-8387-5716-1|page=13}}</ref> From September 1815 he was tutor there to [[Edward Deas Thomson]] and his elder brother; Thomson later kept in touch and discussed technology with Lowe.<ref>{{cite book |author=Stephen Glynn Foster |title=Colonial Improver: Edward Deas Thompson (1800–1879)|year=1978 |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0522841367|page=5 and 9}}</ref> He also employed [[Nathaniel Morren]] and others as writers.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nathaniel Morren|title=Sermons, to which is prefixed a memoir of the author|url=https://archive.org/details/sermonstowhichi00morrgoog|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1848|publisher=William Blackwood and Sons|page=x}}</ref> [[James Mill]] was a friend of Lowe from school days, and his son [[John Stuart Mill]] visited Lowe in France for some weeks in 1821.<ref name="JB"/><ref>{{cite book|author=John Stuart Mill|author-link=John Stuart Mill|title=Autobiography and literary essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dc9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1981|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8020-2368-1|page=63}}</ref>

Lowe was appointed lecturer in Commerce at [[King's College, London]], around 1830, at the end of his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=The London Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, Etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyMAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA314|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1831|publisher=H. Colburn|page=314}}</ref> According to Mill's biographer [[Alexander Bain (philosopher)|Alexander Bain]], Lowe was partly dependent on Mill, and was unable to retain his position.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alexander Bain (philosopher)|title=James Mill: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lfb2I7_BdgUC&pg=PA80|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=8 December 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-04080-8|page=80}}</ref>

==Books==
*''An Inquiry into the State of the British West Indies'' (1807)<ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph Lowe|title=An inquiry into the state of the British West Indies|url=https://archive.org/details/aninquiryintost01lowegoog|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1807|publisher=C. and R. Baldwin}}</ref>
*''Naval Anecdotes: or a New Key to the Proceedings of a late Administration'' (1807), an anonymous defence of the government, is attributed to Lowe.<ref name="Trans"/>

''The Present State of England in Regard to Agriculture, Trade and Finance'' (1822) was Lowe's major work, now noted mostly for its Chapter IX, ''Fluctuation in the Value of Money or in the Price of Commodities'', which influenced [[George Poulett Scrope]].<ref>[[Correa Moylan Walsh]], ''The Fundamental Problem in Monetary Science'' (1903), pp. 171–2; [https://archive.org/stream/fundamentalprob00walsgoog#page/n183/mode/2up archive.org.]</ref> [[Otto Neurath]] later praised this book as an attempt at a comprehensive sketch of a [[war economy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Otto Neurath|title=Empiricism and Sociology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5WIK1vtjtMC&pg=PA126|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1973|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-277-0259-3|pages=126–7}}</ref> Lowe's general conclusions were rather buoyant, allowing the British economy good prospects and the moderation of the culture being promising for the future. He supported [[free trade]] and opposed the views of [[Robert Malthus]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Stephen Glynn Foster |title=Colonial Improver: Edward Deas Thompson (1800–1879)|year=1978 |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0522841367|page=6}}</ref>

Lowe advocated indexation as applied to bonds, but also to wage contracts and land rents.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Mark Deacon|author2=Andrew Derry|author3=Dariush Mirfendereski|title=Inflation-indexed Securities: Bonds, Swaps and Other Derivatives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTrrRYrF08wC&pg=PA2|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=21 April 2004|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-86898-0|page=2 note 4}}</ref> His advocacy of a "tabular standard" (a precursor of the [[indexed unit of account]]) has been recognised as a technical advance in monetary analysis;<ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph A. Schumpeter|author-link=Joseph A. Schumpeter|title=History of Economic Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igM8E4gZ_coC&pg=PA682|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=24 March 1994|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-203-98391-1|page=682}}</ref> Lowe used the terms "standard of reference" or "table of reference";<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Opie |first=Redvers |date=1929 |title=A Neglected English Economist: George Poulett Scrope |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1885442 |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=101–137 |doi=10.2307/1885442 |issn=0033-5533}}</ref> the idea itself, and the term "tabular standard" are attributed to [[George Shuckburgh-Evelyn]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. H. Inglis Palgrave|title=Dictionary of Political Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQUHBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA510|date=5 March 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-08080-4|page=510}}</ref>

The first to use weighted index numbers, Lowe in effect anticipated the [[Laspeyres index]]. The book reviewed previous work by [[William Fleetwood]], [[George Shuckburgh]] and [[Arthur Young (writer)|Arthur Young]]. A German translation appeared in 1823.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Stone|title=Some British Empiricists in the Social Sciences, 1650–1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccQFbSfF7PIC&pg=PA136|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-57145-6|pages=136–8}}</ref><ref>''England nach seinem gegenwärtigen Zustande des Ackerbaues, des Handels und der Finanzen betrachtet'', translated by L. H. von Jakob, Leipzig 1823.</ref> Lowe innovated in his use of [[constant price estimate]]s, and the consideration of different [[demographic group]]s and their consumption, which anticipated the modern concept of [[consumer price index]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jonathan Nitzan|author2=Shimshon Bichler|title=Capital as Power: A Study of Order and Creorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qRKIpvTO6IC&pg=PA41|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=26 May 2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-87632-9|page=41 note 12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=W. Erwin Diewert|author2=John Greenlees|author3=Charles R. Hulten|title=Price Index Concepts and Measurement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aKUwpzWcagUC&pg=PA20|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=15 February 2010|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-14857-1|page=20 note 4}}</ref> [[Samuel Bailey]] argued against the concept of tabular standards, pointing to the difficulties arising from the need for like-to-like comparisons.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir Robert Harry Inglis Palgrave|title=The New Palgrave: a dictionary of economics|volume=1|page=174|year=1987|publisher=Stockton Press|isbn=978-0-935859-10-2}}</ref>

[[William Stanley Jevons]] later found Lowe's pioneer work on [[inflation-indexed bond]]s "ingenious".<ref>{{cite book|author=John C. Wood|title=William Stanley Jevons: critical assessments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMcIp7TTBpsC&pg=PA159|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1988|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-00387-2|page=159}}</ref> Lowe was a proponent of such bonds, to support and buffer the developing [[capital market]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert T. Price|title=The Rationale and Design of Inflation-Indexed Bonds (EPub)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XnoGhUBHWAC&pg=PA1990|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=1 January 1997|publisher=International Monetary Fund|isbn=978-1-4527-4425-4|page=1990}}</ref>
The book also opposed expansion of the [[workhouse]] system, on grounds of expense.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brundage |first=Anthony |last2=Eastwood |first2=David |date=1990 |title=The Making of the New Poor Law Redivivus |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/650946 |journal=Past & Present |issue=127 |pages=183–194 |issn=0031-2746}}</ref>

==Statistician==
As a statistician, Lowe was one of an early group who collected economic data, and applied it in pamphlets and polemics. In fact the term current then was "political arithmetician". The larger significance of the statistical work of Lowe and [[Thomas Tooke]] is that they collected figures from the period of the [[Continental System]], of the latter part of the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. These data were then deployed in the theoretical arguments of the 1820s, dominated by [[David Ricardo]] and his doctrine on [[convertibility]].<ref>{{cite book |editor=Ronald Findlay|title=Eli Heckscher, International Trade, and Economic History|year=c. 2006 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0262062510 |pages=395–6}}</ref>

There were no agreed principles on collection and use of data. Others bringing forward sets of figures were [[Patrick Colquhoun]], [[Frederick Morton Eden]], and [[George Richardson Porter]]. Their work carried less intellectual prestige than that of the [[political economist]]s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ashu Pasricha|title=Encyclopaedia Eminent Thinkers (vol. 11 : The Political Thought of Dadabhai Naoroji)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LYqdaLiZZ28C&pg=PA47|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-491-2|page=47}}</ref> Lowe was mainly concerned with [[fiscal policy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=André Vanoli|title=A History of National Accounting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AM9ivKYB254C&pg=PA4|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=2005|publisher=IOS Press|isbn=978-1-58603-469-6|page=4}}</ref> He accused those who had drawn up the Bullion Report into monetary policy after the end of the Napoleonic Wars of failing to take into account recent economic growth.<ref>[[James Frederick Rees]], ''A Short Fiscal and Financial History of England 1815–1918'' (1921), p. 51; [https://archive.org/stream/shortfiscalfinan00rees#page/50/mode/2up archive.org.]</ref> He argued the point quantitatively for the previous decade in ''The Present State of England'' (1822).<ref>{{cite book|author=George Richardson Porter|title=The Progress of the Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJQOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA697|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1970|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=697–8|id=GGKEY:UW2YNK654YA}}</ref>

==Journalism==
Lowe turned from his career as merchant to writing, after a reply he made to a pamphlet of [[Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux|Henry Brougham]] in 1806 was a success. He wrote for ''[[Lloyd's Evening Post]]'' and the ''[[Edinburgh Review]]''. He mainly contributed to the ''[[Monthly Review]]'', for which he wrote in the period 1805 to 1815. In reviewing a work of [[Davis Giddy]] on [[bullionism]], he produced his own analysis, in the context of the Napoleonic Wars, of the connection of [[Foreign exchange reserves|foreign exchange]] and shortages of bullion.<ref name="Dick"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Lionel Madden|title=Robert Southey: The Critical Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgv4aS9BzfUC&pg=PT244|accessdate=17 May 2013|date=11 January 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-78214-7|page=244}}</ref> He also contributed to ''[[The Athenaeum (1807–1809)|The Athenaeum]]'' edited by [[John Aikin]].<ref name="Trans"/>

==Encyclopedias==
Lowe wrote in the 1824 Britannica supplement on [[copyright]], using the article to advocate for an extension of the current term of authors' copyright.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John J. Lowndes|author-link=John J. Lowndes|author2=Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd|author2-link=Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd|title=An Historical Sketch of the Law of Copyright: With Remarks on Sergeant Talfourd's Bill, and an Appendix of the Copyright Laws of Foreign Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVJYaaYuowwC&pg=PR6|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=2008|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-58477-912-4|page=vi}}</ref> This work was reprinted in ''Remarks on Literary Property'' (1838) by [[Philip Houlbrooke Nicklin]] in [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Philip Houlbrooke Nicklin|author2=Joseph Lowe|title=Remarks on literary property|url=https://archive.org/details/remarksonlitera01lowegoog|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1838|publisher=P. H. Nicklin & T. Johnson}}</ref> In the [[Encyclopædia Britannica Seventh Edition]] Lowe wrote on "Austria" and "Book-Keeping".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Edinburgh Literary Journal; Or, Weekly Register of Criticism and Belles Lettres|url=https://archive.org/details/edinburghlitera09unkngoog|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1831|publisher=Constable|page=[https://archive.org/details/edinburghlitera09unkngoog/page/n26 20]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Russell|title=North America, its agriculture and climate: containing observations on the agriculture and climate of Canada, the United States, and the island of Cuba|url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_49494|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1857|publisher=A. and C. Black|page=[https://archive.org/details/cihm_49494/page/n442 398]|isbn=9780665494949 }}</ref> He wrote also for the ''[[Edinburgh Encyclopædia]]'', on "Bullion", "Commerce", "Currency" and other topics.<ref>{{cite book|author=James MacQueen|author-link=James MacQueen|title=A Geographical and Commercial View of Northern Central Africa: Containing a Particular Account of the Course and Termination of the Great River Niger in the Atlantic Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v80PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA301|accessdate=17 May 2013|year=1821|publisher=W. Blackwood|page=301}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lowe, Joseph}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lowe, Joseph}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]
[[Category:Scottish journalists]]
[[Category:Scottish journalists]]
[[Category:Scottish economists]]
[[Category:Scottish economists]]
[[Category:People from Brechin]]
[[Category:People from Brechin]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Academics of King's College London]]

Latest revision as of 08:28, 28 November 2024

Joseph Lowe (died 1831)[1] was a Scottish journalist and political economist, well known for his pioneer treatment of indexation. Maurice Kendall called him the generally recognised "father of index numbers".[2][3]

In the debate on the Corn Laws in 1839, Sir Robert Peel cited the views of Lowe and Thomas Tooke, to argue against imposing a low fixed rate of import duty on corn.[4]

Life

[edit]

From Brechin, Lowe attended the University of St Andrews and University of Edinburgh. He then went into business, spending time in the Netherlands from 1792, and then London.[5][6]

Lowe spent a period at Caen in France, from June 1814.[5][7] From September 1815 he was tutor there to Edward Deas Thomson and his elder brother; Thomson later kept in touch and discussed technology with Lowe.[8] He also employed Nathaniel Morren and others as writers.[9] James Mill was a friend of Lowe from school days, and his son John Stuart Mill visited Lowe in France for some weeks in 1821.[1][10]

Lowe was appointed lecturer in Commerce at King's College, London, around 1830, at the end of his life.[11] According to Mill's biographer Alexander Bain, Lowe was partly dependent on Mill, and was unable to retain his position.[12]

Books

[edit]
  • An Inquiry into the State of the British West Indies (1807)[13]
  • Naval Anecdotes: or a New Key to the Proceedings of a late Administration (1807), an anonymous defence of the government, is attributed to Lowe.[5]

The Present State of England in Regard to Agriculture, Trade and Finance (1822) was Lowe's major work, now noted mostly for its Chapter IX, Fluctuation in the Value of Money or in the Price of Commodities, which influenced George Poulett Scrope.[14] Otto Neurath later praised this book as an attempt at a comprehensive sketch of a war economy.[15] Lowe's general conclusions were rather buoyant, allowing the British economy good prospects and the moderation of the culture being promising for the future. He supported free trade and opposed the views of Robert Malthus.[16]

Lowe advocated indexation as applied to bonds, but also to wage contracts and land rents.[17] His advocacy of a "tabular standard" (a precursor of the indexed unit of account) has been recognised as a technical advance in monetary analysis;[18] Lowe used the terms "standard of reference" or "table of reference";[19] the idea itself, and the term "tabular standard" are attributed to George Shuckburgh-Evelyn.[20]

The first to use weighted index numbers, Lowe in effect anticipated the Laspeyres index. The book reviewed previous work by William Fleetwood, George Shuckburgh and Arthur Young. A German translation appeared in 1823.[21][22] Lowe innovated in his use of constant price estimates, and the consideration of different demographic groups and their consumption, which anticipated the modern concept of consumer price index.[23][24] Samuel Bailey argued against the concept of tabular standards, pointing to the difficulties arising from the need for like-to-like comparisons.[25]

William Stanley Jevons later found Lowe's pioneer work on inflation-indexed bonds "ingenious".[26] Lowe was a proponent of such bonds, to support and buffer the developing capital market.[27] The book also opposed expansion of the workhouse system, on grounds of expense.[28]

Statistician

[edit]

As a statistician, Lowe was one of an early group who collected economic data, and applied it in pamphlets and polemics. In fact the term current then was "political arithmetician". The larger significance of the statistical work of Lowe and Thomas Tooke is that they collected figures from the period of the Continental System, of the latter part of the Napoleonic Wars. These data were then deployed in the theoretical arguments of the 1820s, dominated by David Ricardo and his doctrine on convertibility.[29]

There were no agreed principles on collection and use of data. Others bringing forward sets of figures were Patrick Colquhoun, Frederick Morton Eden, and George Richardson Porter. Their work carried less intellectual prestige than that of the political economists.[30] Lowe was mainly concerned with fiscal policy.[31] He accused those who had drawn up the Bullion Report into monetary policy after the end of the Napoleonic Wars of failing to take into account recent economic growth.[32] He argued the point quantitatively for the previous decade in The Present State of England (1822).[33]

Journalism

[edit]

Lowe turned from his career as merchant to writing, after a reply he made to a pamphlet of Henry Brougham in 1806 was a success. He wrote for Lloyd's Evening Post and the Edinburgh Review. He mainly contributed to the Monthly Review, for which he wrote in the period 1805 to 1815. In reviewing a work of Davis Giddy on bullionism, he produced his own analysis, in the context of the Napoleonic Wars, of the connection of foreign exchange and shortages of bullion.[6][34] He also contributed to The Athenaeum edited by John Aikin.[5]

Encyclopedias

[edit]

Lowe wrote in the 1824 Britannica supplement on copyright, using the article to advocate for an extension of the current term of authors' copyright.[35] This work was reprinted in Remarks on Literary Property (1838) by Philip Houlbrooke Nicklin in Philadelphia.[36] In the Encyclopædia Britannica Seventh Edition Lowe wrote on "Austria" and "Book-Keeping".[37][38] He wrote also for the Edinburgh Encyclopædia, on "Bullion", "Commerce", "Currency" and other topics.[39]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Bentham, Jeremy (1994). The Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham: July 1820 to December 1821. Oxford University Press. p. 327 note. ISBN 978-0-19-822617-8. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  2. ^ William N. Goetzmann; K. Geert Rouwenhorst (2005). The Origins of Value: The Financial Innovations that Created Modern Capital Markets. Oxford University Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-19-517571-4. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  3. ^ Kendall, M. G. (1969). "Studies in the History of Probability and Statistics, XXI. The Early History of Index Numbers". Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute. 37 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2307/1402090. ISSN 0373-1138.
  4. ^ Anna Gambles (1999). Protection and Politics: Conservative Economic Discourse, 1815 – 1852. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 66 note 54. ISBN 978-0-86193-244-3. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d Joseph Lowe (1823). England nach seinem gegenwärtigen zustande des ackerbaues, des handels und der finanzen ... (in German). F.A. Brockhaus. pp. 20–1. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  6. ^ a b Alexander Dick (12 April 2013). Romanticism and the Gold Standard: Money, Literature, and Economic Debate in Britain 1790–1830. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 32–3. ISBN 978-1-137-29293-3. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  7. ^ Barton Swaim (2009). Scottish Men of Letters and the New Public Sphere, 1802 – 1834. Associated University Presse. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8387-5716-1. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  8. ^ Stephen Glynn Foster (1978). Colonial Improver: Edward Deas Thompson (1800–1879). Melbourne University Press. p. 5 and 9. ISBN 978-0522841367.
  9. ^ Nathaniel Morren (1848). Sermons, to which is prefixed a memoir of the author. William Blackwood and Sons. p. x. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  10. ^ John Stuart Mill (1981). Autobiography and literary essays. Taylor & Francis. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8020-2368-1. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  11. ^ The London Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, Etc. H. Colburn. 1831. p. 314. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  12. ^ Alexander Bain (philosopher) (8 December 2011). James Mill: A Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-108-04080-8. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  13. ^ Joseph Lowe (1807). An inquiry into the state of the British West Indies. C. and R. Baldwin. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  14. ^ Correa Moylan Walsh, The Fundamental Problem in Monetary Science (1903), pp. 171–2; archive.org.
  15. ^ Otto Neurath (1973). Empiricism and Sociology. Springer. pp. 126–7. ISBN 978-90-277-0259-3. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  16. ^ Stephen Glynn Foster (1978). Colonial Improver: Edward Deas Thompson (1800–1879). Melbourne University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0522841367.
  17. ^ Mark Deacon; Andrew Derry; Dariush Mirfendereski (21 April 2004). Inflation-indexed Securities: Bonds, Swaps and Other Derivatives. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2 note 4. ISBN 978-0-470-86898-0. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
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