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{{Short description|Railway operator in Taiwan}}
The '''Taiwan Railway Administration''' (台灣鐵路管理局, a.k.a 台鐵 or TRA) is the government agency responsible for managing, maintaining, and running passenger and freight service on over 1000 km of conventional [[railroad]] lines in [[Taiwan]]. As Taiwan is heavily urbanized with a high population density, railways have always played an important part in domestic transportation. Most of the main lines are fully electrified and service is generally efficient and reliable.
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{tone|date=August 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2020}}
}}


{{Infobox government agency
Recent growth in the [[highway]] system and increased competition from bus companies and airlines has led to a decline in long distance rail travel (except during major holidays such as [[Chinese New Year]]), though short and intermediate distance travel is still heavily utilized by commuters and students. A [[high-speed rail]] line currently under construction and scheduled for completion in 2005 is not run by TRA, and is also expected to be a major source of competition. To offset this TRA has begun placing an emphasis on [[tourism]], this has led to several special tourist trains running to scenic areas and hot springs, the addition of dining cars (orginally deemed unnessicary due to Taiwan's relatively small size), and converting several smaller branch lines to attract tourists.
| name = Taiwan Railways Administration
| native_name =
| native_name_a = {{lang|zh-hant|臺灣鐵路管理局}}
| native_name_r =
| type =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| logo = ROC Taiwan Railways Administration Logo.svg
| logo_width = 200px
| logo_caption =
| image = Entrance East 2, TRA Taipei Station 20160816.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| formed = 1948
| preceding1 = Railway Administration Council, Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office
| preceding2 = <!-- up to |preceding6= -->
| dissolved = 2023
| superseding1 = None; operations succeeded by Taiwan Railway Corporation Limited
| superseding2 = <!-- up to |superseding6= -->
| jurisdiction = [[Taiwan]]
| headquarters = [[Taipei Main Station]], [[Zhongzheng District|Zhongzheng]], [[Taipei]]
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} -->
| motto =
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name =
| minister1_pfo =
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| chief1_name = Du Wei
| chief1_position = Director-General (2021–2023)
| public_protector =
| deputy =
| parent_department =
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency = <!-- up to |child25_agency= -->
| keydocument1 = <!-- up to |keydocument6= -->
| website =
| agency_id =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| footnotes =
| embed =
{{Infobox Chinese/Chinese
|child = yes
|t = 臺灣鐵路管理局
|s = 台湾铁路管理局
|p = Táiwān Tiělù Guǎnlǐjú
|tp = Táiwan Tiělù Guǎnlǐjyú
|w = T'ai<sup>2</sup>-wan<sup>1</sup> T'ieh<sup>3</sup>-lu<sup>4</sup> Kuan<sup>3</sup>-li<sup>3</sup>-chü<sup>2</sup>
|poj = Tâi-oân Thih-lō· Koán-lí-kio̍k
|tl = Tâi-uân Thih-lōo Kuán-lí-kio̍k
|h = Thòi-vàn Thiet-lu Kón-lî-khiu̍k
|altname = TRA
|t2 = 臺鐵
|s2 = 台铁
|p2 = Táitiě
|tp2 = Táitiě
|w2 = T'ai<sup>2</sup>-t'ieh<sup>3</sup>
|poj2 = Tâi-thih
|bp2 = Dáitīh
|h2 = Thòi-thiet}}}}


'''Taiwan Railways Administration''' ('''TRA'''){{efn native lang|tw
Like several other state owned enterprises in Taiwan, the Taiwan Railway Adminsitration is currently in the process of privatization, which has led to some conflict between employee unions and management with the occasional threat of strikes.
|t=臺灣鐵路管理局（臺鐵）
|p=Táiwān Tiělù Guǎnlǐjú　(Táitiě)
|m=Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k (Tâi-thih)
|h=Thòi-vân Thiet-lu Kón-lî-khiu̍k (Thòi-thiet)
|s=
}} was a governmental agency in Taiwan which operated [[Taiwan Railway]] from 1948 to 2023. It managed, maintained, and operated conventional passenger and freight [[Rail transport|railway]] services on {{convert|1097|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of track.<ref>{{cite web | title=Transportation | work=A Brief Introduction to Taiwan | publisher=ROC Government Information Office| url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/brief/info04_11.html | access-date=2006-05-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060518163519/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/brief/info04_11.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2006-05-18}}</ref> Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics |url=https://www.railway.gov.tw/tra-tip-web/tip/file/2c63edfa-ceda-43d5-9ccc-37753dacdf3e |website=railway.gov.tw |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref>


On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation. The agency's headquarters was at [[Taipei Main Station]] in [[Zhongzheng District]], [[Taipei]] at the time of dissolution, the site which became the headquarter of the new company.<ref>"[http://www.railway.gov.tw/en/contact.aspx Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419233509/http://www.railway.gov.tw/en/contact.aspx |date=19 April 2019 }}." Taiwan Railways Administration. Retrieved on March 1, 2014. "ADD: No.3, Beiping W. Rd., Jhongjheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan (R.O.C.)(Zip Code10041)" - [http://www.railway.gov.tw/tw/ Address in Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731055623/https://www.railway.gov.tw/tw/ |date=31 July 2018 }}: "{{lang|zh-hant|機關地址：臺北市北平西路三號 （郵遞區號10041）}}"</ref>
==Routes and Service==
TRA runs the four main rail lines forming a closed loop around the main island of Taiwan, and three smaller branch lines.


==History==
'''Main Lines'''
[[File:Teng-Yung locomotive in Taipei Railway Workshop 1999-01.jpg|thumb|The ''Teng-yun'' ({{zh|t=騰雲}}), built by [[Hohenzollern Locomotive Works]], was the first steam locomotive operated in Taiwan.]]
*Western Line (&#35199;&#37096;&#24185;&#32218;): [[Keelung]] to [[Kaohsiung]]
[[File:TRA R51 DL at Level crossing.jpg|thumb|Taiwan Railways' Electro-Motive Division [[EMD G12|G12]]-class diesel locomotive R51]]
**Pingtung Line (&#23631;&#26481;&#32218;): [[Kaohsiung]] to [[Fangliao]]
*Eastern Line (&#26481;&#37096;&#24185;&#32218;):
**Yilan Line (&#23452;&#34349;&#32218;): Badu to [[Suao]]
**North-link Line (&#21271;&#36852;&#32218;): [[Suao]] New Station to [[Hualian]]
**Huadung Line (&#33457;&#26481;&#32218;): [[Hualian]] to [[Taitung]]
*South-link Line (&#21335;&#36852;&#32218;): [[Fangliao]] to [[Taitung]]


The railway between Keelung and Hsinchu was completed during the [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Qing era]] in 1893.{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|pp=620-621|ps=: "The first Formosa railway was built by the Chinese government and was completed in 1893. On the arrival of the Japanese, the line, some 100 kilometers in length, came into their possession. It was found to be in such wretched condition, however, that a satisfactory train service could not be maintained. The rolling stock was also limited and entirely unsuited to the requirements.{{cn|date=March 2022}}
'''Branch Lines'''
*Pingsi Line (&#24179;&#28330;&#32218;): Houdong - Jingtong
*Neiwan Line (&#20839;&#28771;&#32218;): [[Hsinchu]] - Neiwan
*Jiji Line (&#38598;&#38598;&#32218;): Ershuei - Checheng


Accordingly work was commenced on the line at once. The Kelung-Taihoku branch was completely reconstructed as so to avoid the numerous short curves and the steep grades. The line leading from Taihoku to the south received also some attention, the total cost of these improvements reaching nearly two million yen. The railway was at this time under the direct control of the Military Department. In 1897, it came under the control of the Civil Department. It was the intention at one time to hand it over to the private railway company organized in Japan for the purpose of completing the Formosa railway system. The private railway company, however, failed to obtain public support, and in 1898 the Formosan government announced its intention of carrying on the work itself. Under the able direction of Chief Engineer Hasegawa the plans were soon formulated, and in 1899 work was commenced on the southern line from Takow north to Tainan, a distance of 28 miles. This section was completed in November, 1900. The Kelung and Shinchiku (Teckcham), lines were repaired, much rolling stock was added, and in the fall of 1900 work was commenced on the short branch line from [[Taipei Railway Station|Taihoku]], (Taipeh) to [[Tamsui Station|Tamsui]], (Hobe), which was completed in June 1901. There is a great deal of traffic between the port Tamsui and Taihoku and its suburbs, [[Wanhua District|Banka]] and Daitotei ([[Twatutia]]). The new line runs via [[Yuanshan Station|Maruyama]], [[Shilin Station|Shirin]], [[Beitou Station|Hokuto]], and [[Guandu Station|Kantau]]."}} In [[1895]], the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] ceded [[Formosa]] (Taiwan) to the [[Empire of Japan]] after the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]. The line was about {{convert|100|km|mi}} in length but in a poor condition when the Japanese arrived.{{sfnb|Davidson|1903|p=620}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=James W. |author-link=James W. Davidson |title=Formosa under Japanese rule |date=1903 |publisher=Japan Society |location=London |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/012455485 |oclc=860694076 |page=47|ref=none}}</ref>{{cn|date=March 2022}} The railway was rebuilt and expanded under the {{ill|Railway Department|zh|臺灣總督府交通局鐵道部}} of the [[Government-General of Taiwan]] during [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]].


Following the [[surrender of Japan]] in the aftermath of [[World War II]], TRA was founded as a government organisation that falls under transport office of [[Taiwan Provincial Government]] in 1948. In 1998, it was transferred to the [[Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Republic of China)|Ministry of Transportation and Communication]] (MOTC) of the central government and employed around 13,500 people (4,700 in transportation and 7,700 in maintenance titles) and directly operated some 682 route miles of 3’6” (1,067&nbsp;mm) [[Track gauge|gauge]] railways.{{when|date=January 2024}}<ref>Abbott, James (ed.) Jane’s World Railways, 38th Ed., Coulsdon, Surrey, England, 1996.</ref> Three mainlines form a complete circle around the island.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://amonline.trb.org/~searchResults?searchMode=advanced&searchParam-PaperNo=11-1301 |title=Transportation Research Board Compendium of Papers Online Portal: Sea… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121228074522/http://amonline.trb.org/~searchResults?searchMode=advanced&searchParam-PaperNo=11-1301 |archive-date=28 December 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> TRA's [[West Coast line (Taiwan)|West Coast line]] and Badu-Hualien section feature mostly double-track, electrification, modern colour light and cab signalling, overrun protection, and [[centralized traffic control]] (CTC).<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Taiwan Railways Administration, Ministry of Transportation and Communications |trans-title=TRA Signalling Equipment Maintenance Inspection Standard Operating Procedures |script-title=zh:交通部台灣鐵路管理局 號誌裝置養護檢查作業程序 |location=Banqiao |year=2003 |url=http://www.railway.gov.tw/admin/upload/kay00/號誌/號誌裝置養護檢查作業程序_公開.doc |format=doc |access-date=February 16, 2010}}</ref> [[South-link line]], east coast Taitung (converted from 762&nbsp;mm gauge), and three “tourist” branches are non-electrified single-track with passing sidings.
'''Service'''


=== Corporatization of TRA ===
Trains are divided into five classes, higher classes generally stop at fewer stations resulting in faster service. The classes are:
Because of the several hundred-billions TWD of liabilities, and the legal person type of TRA is considered a block for elasticity operations of railway systems, there were several campaigns and groups set up that aim to take [[privatization]] and [[corporatization]] actions for TRA since 1990s. In May 2022 the [[Legislative Yuan]] approved the ''Act for Establishment of State-owned Taiwan Railway Co., Ltd.'' The legislation provided that TRA will transit to a state-owned railway company, set up a fund to handle debts of TRA, retain its employees, and consider raising salaries by 3~5%.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lu |first=Yifeng |date=27 May 2022 |title=台鐵公司化三讀通過 交通部年底完成16條子法審議 |work=[[UDN Taiwan]] |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7266/6345111 |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> TRA was incorporated as [[Taiwan Railway Corporation]] on January 1, 2024.<ref>{{cite news|last=Preston|first=Robert|date=2024-01-02|title=TRA becomes Taiwan Railway Corporation|url=https://www.railjournal.com/policy/tra-becomes-taiwan-railway-corporation/|work=[[International Railway Journal]]|access-date= 2024-01-14}}</ref>


*&#33258;&#24375; (Tze-Chiang): The fastest (and most expensive). Assigned seating.
*&#33682;&#20809; (Chu-Kuang): Second fastest. Assigned seating.
*&#24489;&#33288; (Fu-Hsing): Third fastest. Assigned seating.
*&#38651;&#36554; (EMU) and &#26612;&#23458; (DRC): Short to medium distance commuter train, stops at nearly all stations. No assigned seating.
*&#26222;&#36890; (Ordinary): Stops at all stations, no air conditioning, most inexpensive. No assigned seating.


==See also==
*[[Taiwan Railway]]
*[[Rail transport in Taiwan]]
*[[Transportation in Taiwan]]
*[[Taiwan High Speed Rail]]
*[[Taipei Railway Workshop]]
*''[[Taiwan Railway Bento]]''


== Notes ==
With the exception of the Ordinary trains, all trains are modern and air conditioned. Many of the Ordinary train cars, on the other hand, are almost 40 to 50 years old, and provide an interesting experience for the more historically minded.
=== Words in native languages ===
{{Notelist-ur}}


==History==
== References ==
=== Citations ===
(Provided from official TRA pages: [http://www.railway.gov.tw/j/jlink/tai2_1.htm Chinese][http://www.railway.gov.tw/n/n1_01.htm English])
{{Reflist}}


=== Sources ===
*1887: Construction begins on first railway in Taiwan between [[Keelung]] and [[Taipei]] by [[Ching Dynasty]] governer Liu Min-Chuan
{{refbegin}}
*1891: First rail line completed
* {{cite book |last = Davidson |first = James W. |author-link = James W. Davidson |title = The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions |year = 1903 |publisher = Macmillan |url = https://archive.org/details/islandofformosap00davi |location = London and New York |ol = 6931635M }}
*1895: Taiwan ceded to [[Japan]] by [[China]] following the end of the [[Sino-Japanese War]]. Ministry of Taiwan Railway established by the Japanese Government.
{{refend}}
*1908: The Japanese colonial government extends the railways to [[Kaohsiung]].
*1922: Coastal Line ([[Jhunan]] - [[Changhua]]) completed.
*1924: Yilan Line (Badu - [[Suao]]) completed.
*1926: Huatung Line ([[Hualian]] - [[Taitung]]) completed.
*1941: Pingtung Line ([[Kaohsiung]] - [[Fangliao]]) completed.
*1940-1945: The railways are repeatedly bombed by the Allies during [[World War II]].
*1945: Taiwan is handed over to the [[ROC]], Taiwan Railway Administration established.
*1979: Western Line fully electrified. North-link line completed.
*1989: Rail lines running through downtown [[Taipei]] moved underground. New Taipei Main Station completed.
*1991: South-link Line completed, completing the rail loop around Taiwan.
*1997: Online reservations become avaliable.
*2000: Yilan Line electrified.
*2001: Various special trains targeting tourists are offered.
*2003: North-link Line electrified.

==Related topics==
*[[Railways of Taiwan]]
*[[Taiwan High Speed Rail]]
*[[Transportation in Taiwan]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.railway.gov.tw/index_ok.htm Taiwan Railway Administration (Chinese website)]
{{Commons category|Taiwan Railway Administration}}
*[http://www.railway.gov.tw/e_index.htm Taiwan Railway Administration (English website)]
*[https://www.railway.gov.tw/ Taiwan Railways Administration]
*Useful, user-friendly English website, including routes and schedules: [http://service.tra.gov.tw/en/ Taiwan Railways Administration (English website)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427073143/http://service.tra.gov.tw/en/ |date=27 April 2008 }}



{{Taiwan Rail Transport}}
{{Transport in Taiwan}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Taiwan]]
[[Category:Taiwan Railways Administration| ]]
[[Category:Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Taiwan)]]
[[Category:Government agencies disestablished in 2023]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1948]]
[[Category:Railway companies disestablished in 2023]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:2023 disestablishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Government-owned railway companies]]

Latest revision as of 01:08, 17 November 2024

Taiwan Railways Administration
臺灣鐵路管理局
Agency overview
Formed1948
Preceding agency
  • Railway Administration Council, Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office
Dissolved2023
Superseding agency
  • None; operations succeeded by Taiwan Railway Corporation Limited
JurisdictionTaiwan
HeadquartersTaipei Main Station, Zhongzheng, Taipei
Agency executive
  • Du Wei, Director-General (2021–2023)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese臺灣鐵路管理局
Simplified Chinese台湾铁路管理局
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáiwān Tiělù Guǎnlǐjú
Wade–GilesT'ai2-wan1 T'ieh3-lu4 Kuan3-li3-chü2
Tongyong PinyinTáiwan Tiělù Guǎnlǐjyú
Hakka
RomanizationThòi-vàn Thiet-lu Kón-lî-khiu̍k
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTâi-oân Thih-lō· Koán-lí-kio̍k
Tâi-lôTâi-uân Thih-lōo Kuán-lí-kio̍k

Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA)[I] was a governmental agency in Taiwan which operated Taiwan Railway from 1948 to 2023. It managed, maintained, and operated conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track.[1] Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.[2]

On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation. The agency's headquarters was at Taipei Main Station in Zhongzheng District, Taipei at the time of dissolution, the site which became the headquarter of the new company.[3]

History

[edit]
The Teng-yun (Chinese: 騰雲), built by Hohenzollern Locomotive Works, was the first steam locomotive operated in Taiwan.
Taiwan Railways' Electro-Motive Division G12-class diesel locomotive R51

The railway between Keelung and Hsinchu was completed during the Qing era in 1893.[4] In 1895, the Qing Empire ceded Formosa (Taiwan) to the Empire of Japan after the First Sino-Japanese War. The line was about 100 kilometres (62 mi) in length but in a poor condition when the Japanese arrived.[5][6][citation needed] The railway was rebuilt and expanded under the Railway Department [zh] of the Government-General of Taiwan during Japanese rule.

Following the surrender of Japan in the aftermath of World War II, TRA was founded as a government organisation that falls under transport office of Taiwan Provincial Government in 1948. In 1998, it was transferred to the Ministry of Transportation and Communication (MOTC) of the central government and employed around 13,500 people (4,700 in transportation and 7,700 in maintenance titles) and directly operated some 682 route miles of 3’6” (1,067 mm) gauge railways.[when?][7] Three mainlines form a complete circle around the island.[8] TRA's West Coast line and Badu-Hualien section feature mostly double-track, electrification, modern colour light and cab signalling, overrun protection, and centralized traffic control (CTC).[9] South-link line, east coast Taitung (converted from 762 mm gauge), and three “tourist” branches are non-electrified single-track with passing sidings.

Corporatization of TRA

[edit]

Because of the several hundred-billions TWD of liabilities, and the legal person type of TRA is considered a block for elasticity operations of railway systems, there were several campaigns and groups set up that aim to take privatization and corporatization actions for TRA since 1990s. In May 2022 the Legislative Yuan approved the Act for Establishment of State-owned Taiwan Railway Co., Ltd. The legislation provided that TRA will transit to a state-owned railway company, set up a fund to handle debts of TRA, retain its employees, and consider raising salaries by 3~5%.[10] TRA was incorporated as Taiwan Railway Corporation on January 1, 2024.[11]


See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

Words in native languages

[edit]
  1. ^

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Transportation". A Brief Introduction to Taiwan. ROC Government Information Office. Archived from the original on 18 May 2006. Retrieved 19 May 2006.
  2. ^ "Statistics". railway.gov.tw. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  3. ^ "Contact Us Archived 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine." Taiwan Railways Administration. Retrieved on March 1, 2014. "ADD: No.3, Beiping W. Rd., Jhongjheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan (R.O.C.)(Zip Code10041)" - Address in Chinese Archived 31 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine: "機關地址：臺北市北平西路三號 （郵遞區號10041）"
  4. ^ Davidson (1903), pp. 620–621: "The first Formosa railway was built by the Chinese government and was completed in 1893. On the arrival of the Japanese, the line, some 100 kilometers in length, came into their possession. It was found to be in such wretched condition, however, that a satisfactory train service could not be maintained. The rolling stock was also limited and entirely unsuited to the requirements.[citation needed] Accordingly work was commenced on the line at once. The Kelung-Taihoku branch was completely reconstructed as so to avoid the numerous short curves and the steep grades. The line leading from Taihoku to the south received also some attention, the total cost of these improvements reaching nearly two million yen. The railway was at this time under the direct control of the Military Department. In 1897, it came under the control of the Civil Department. It was the intention at one time to hand it over to the private railway company organized in Japan for the purpose of completing the Formosa railway system. The private railway company, however, failed to obtain public support, and in 1898 the Formosan government announced its intention of carrying on the work itself. Under the able direction of Chief Engineer Hasegawa the plans were soon formulated, and in 1899 work was commenced on the southern line from Takow north to Tainan, a distance of 28 miles. This section was completed in November, 1900. The Kelung and Shinchiku (Teckcham), lines were repaired, much rolling stock was added, and in the fall of 1900 work was commenced on the short branch line from Taihoku, (Taipeh) to Tamsui, (Hobe), which was completed in June 1901. There is a great deal of traffic between the port Tamsui and Taihoku and its suburbs, Banka and Daitotei (Twatutia). The new line runs via Maruyama, Shirin, Hokuto, and Kantau."
  5. ^ Davidson (1903), p. 620.
  6. ^ Davidson, James W. (1903). Formosa under Japanese rule. London: Japan Society. p. 47. OCLC 860694076.
  7. ^ Abbott, James (ed.) Jane’s World Railways, 38th Ed., Coulsdon, Surrey, England, 1996.
  8. ^ "Transportation Research Board Compendium of Papers Online Portal: Sea…". Archived from the original on 28 December 2012.
  9. ^ 交通部台灣鐵路管理局 號誌裝置養護檢查作業程序 [TRA Signalling Equipment Maintenance Inspection Standard Operating Procedures] (doc). Banqiao: Taiwan Railways Administration, Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 2003. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  10. ^ Lu, Yifeng (27 May 2022). "台鐵公司化三讀通過 交通部年底完成16條子法審議". UDN Taiwan. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  11. ^ Preston, Robert (2 January 2024). "TRA becomes Taiwan Railway Corporation". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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