Music of Burkina Faso: Difference between revisions
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[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oude dwarsgeblazen hoorn van hout gebruikt in geval van oorlog en moord TMnr 3981-195.jpg|thumb|Wooden horn of the [[Samo language (Burkina)|Samo people]]]] |
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Oude dwarsgeblazen hoorn van hout gebruikt in geval van oorlog en moord TMnr 3981-195.jpg|thumb|Wooden horn of the [[Samo language (Burkina)|Samo people]]]] |
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The '''music of [[Burkina Faso]]''' includes the [[folk music]] of 60 different [[ethnic group]]s. The [[Mossi people]], centrally located around the capital, [[Ouagadougou]], account for 40% of the population while, to the south, [[Gurunsi people|Gurunsi]], [[Gurma people|Gurma]], [[Dagaaba people|Dagaaba]] and [[Lobi people|Lobi]] populations, speaking [[Gur languages]] closely related to the [[Mossi language]], extend into the coastal states. In the north and east the [[Fulani]] of the [[Sahel]] preponderate, while in the south and west the [[Mande languages]] are common; [[Samo language (Burkina)|Samo]], [[Bissa people|Bissa]], [[Bobo people|Bobo]], [[Senufo people|Senufo]] and [[Marka people|Marka]]. Burkinabé traditional music has continued to thrive and musical output remains quite diverse. Popular music is mostly in French: Burkina Faso has yet to produce a major pan-African success. |
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==Popular music== |
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[[File:Languages of Burkina Faso.png|thumb|Main language regions of Burkina Faso]] |
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Burkina Faso's popular music scene has not yet garnered the fame of that of other West African countries, and many popular recordings are imported from [[Europe]], the [[United States]] and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. In spite of this influx of popular styles,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnRbA-pYcegC&q=burkina+faso+in+spite+of+this+influx&pg=PA141|title=Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso|last1=Rupley|first1=Lawrence|last2=Bangali|first2=Lamissa|last3=Diamitani|first3=Boureima|date=2013-01-01|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810867703|pages=141|language=en}}</ref> a few early musical acts achieved success such as Koudbi Koala's group Saaba, who perform traditional [[Mossi people|Mossi]] music from the region around [[Ouagadougou]], the nation's capital. With a musical career that lasted half a century, singer [[Amadou Balaké]] was one of the foremost singers from the country during the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Nigel|title=Amadou Balaké: In Conclusion|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/amadou-balak%C3%A9-in-conclusion-album-review-1.2323135|access-date=September 30, 2015|work=[[The Irish Times]]|date=August 21, 2015}}</ref> In his music, Balaké combined Mandé, Mossi, and Afro-Cuban traditions. Other influential artists from the country include George Ouédraogo and Joseph Moussa Salambéré "Salambo".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fayola|first1=Toyin|last2=Fleming|first2=Tyler|title=Music, Performance and African Identities|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=New York, NY|page=69|isbn=9781136830280|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ev6rAgAAQBAJ}}</ref> |
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Popular traditional groups from Burkina Faso include [[balafon]] bands, [[percussion]] ensembles and others such as [[Farafina]] and [[Gabin Dabiré]], who uses elements of traditional Burkinabé music.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=15 December 2005|url=http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Speedway/4939/frames/mus_burkina.html|work=Frank Bessem's Musiques d'Afrique|title=Music of Burkina Faso|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406191859/http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Speedway/4939/frames/mus_burkina.html|archive-date=2005-04-06}}</ref> [[Bobo Dioulasso]], Burkina Faso's second-largest city, is a cultural centre of Burkina Faso's [[Mandé peoples|Mandé]] people of the southwest. Burkinabe artist Barack La Voix D'or is a contemporary artist blending traditional Mande styles with modern afrobeat. |
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The [[national anthem]] of Burkina Faso , "[[Une Seule Nuit]]", written by [[Thomas Sankara]], has been the official anthem of the country since 1984, when [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] became known as ''Burkina Faso'', even after Sankara was murdered in a coup. |
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More recently, modern musicians in Burkina Faso are beginning to incorporate more foreign influences into their music, especially those from the United States, with genres such as [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]], [[Rapping|rap]], [[Salsa music|salsa]] and [[techno]] entering the music scene.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vucDAAAQBAJ&q=d%C3%A9cal%C3%A9|title=Burkina Faso 2016 Petit Futé|last1=Auzias|first1=Dominique|last2=Labourdette|first2=Jean-Paul|date=2015-09-23|publisher=Petit Futé|isbn=9782746995772|pages=Search term "La Nirvana"|language=fr}}</ref> The [[zouglou]] genre from Côte d'Ivoire, along with its originator [[zouk (musical movement)|zouk]], are also popular modern genres in Burkina Faso.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://burkina24.com/2011/07/21/musique-du-monde-cote-divoire-le-groupe-les-100-facons-reinvente-le-zouglou/|title=Musique du monde – Côte d'Ivoire: Le groupe " les 100 façons " réinvente le zouglou !|date=2011-07-21|website=L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24|access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> |
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The [[National Museum of Music]] in [[Ouagadougou]] began its collection in 1998 and has several hundred [[musical instrument]]s including ''[[balafon]]s'' and ''[[Bara (drum)|bara]]'' drums. |
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Another modern genre that entered Burkina Faso is the Ivorian [[Coupé-Décalé|coupé-décalé]], characterised by its electronic dance beat and percussive rhythm.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ouaga-ca-bouge.net/Analyse-du-phenomene-coupe-decale.html|title=Analyse du phénomène "coupé-décalé" - Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso|website=ouaga-ca-bouge.net|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228085111/http://ouaga-ca-bouge.net/Analyse-du-phenomene-coupe-decale.html|archive-date=2017-02-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2010/11/04/au-rythme-du-coupe-decale|title=BURKINA FASO. Au rythme du coupé-décalé|date=2010-11-04|work=Courrier international|access-date=2017-02-27|language=fr}}</ref> Modern popular artists in Burkina Faso that have utilised this genre include [[Floby (musician)|Floby]], [[Dez Altino]], [[Dicko Fils]], [[Imilo Lechanceux]], [[Kayawoto]], Huguo Boss, [[Razben]], , [[Barsa 1er]], [[Agozo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sidwaya.bf/m-10184-concert-musical-les-monstres-sacres-de-la-musique-burkinabe-le-cri-du-coeur-des-organisateurs-aux-sponsors.html|title=Concert musical "Les monstres sacrés de la musique burkinabè" : Le cri du cœur des organisateurs aux sponsors|website=www.sidwaya.bf|access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> [[Bebeto Bongo]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://musicinafrica.net/directory/bebeto-bongo|title=Bebeto Bongo|date=2016-09-21|access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> Greg Burkimbila,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.burkinatourism.com/L-interview-de-Greg-C-est-mon-physique-qui-fait-defaut.html|title=MUSIQUE :L'interview de Greg«C'est mon physique qui fait (...)|last=Ibrabiga|website=www.burkinatourism.com|language=fr|access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> [[David Le Combattant]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://actuburkina.net/kunde-2016-les-nomines-sont-connus/|title=KUNDE 2016 : Les nominés sont connus {{!}} ActuBurkina|website=actuburkina.net|language=fr-FR|access-date=2017-02-27}}</ref> and [[Sofiano]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tackborse.tv/2016/08/floby-jai-depose-des-briques-pour-construire-sofiano/|title=Floby : J'ai déposé des briques pour construire Sofiano ! {{!}} Tackborse.TV - 100% Culture - Film, Clips, Musique, MP3 du Burkina Faso|date=2016-08-13|work=Bienvenue sur Tackborse.tv {{!}} 100% Culture - Film, Clips, Musique, MP3 du Burkina Faso|access-date=2017-02-28|language=fr-FR}}</ref> |
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The [[Semaine Nationale de la Culture]], held every two years since 1983, is a [[music festival]] that has helped produce popular music stars. |
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==Traditional music== |
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{{Culture of Burkina Faso}} |
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The [[Kora (instrument)|kora]], the [[stringed instrument]] of the ''[[djeli]]'', has been popular throughout much of West Africa since the Malian empire of the 1240s. The instrument traditionally featured seven strings until the [[Gambia]]n griot [[Madi Woulendi]] increased that number to twenty-one. The kora can be played in several scales including the [[hypolydian mode]] (''saouta''), [[silaba]], [[sim'bi]] and [[mandéka]]. |
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Mande-speakers are also known for the [[balafon]], a kind of wooden xylophone, the exact characteristics of which can vary depending on the maker. The [[Dagara people|Dagara]], [[Bwa people|Bwa]] and [[Senufo people|Senufo]] peoples also have their own varieties. |
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[[Djembe]] drums, like balafons, are often manufactured in Bobo Dioulasso. The djembe, a vital part of Burkinabé traditional music, is said to be of [[Malinké]] origin. It is made from a single piece of wood, usually from a [[Khaya senegalensis|caïlcedrat]] or [[Afzelia africana|lenke]] tree. |
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The [[bendré]] drum (called ''bara'' in [[Mali]] and ''dumaa'' among the [[Hausa people|Hausa]]) is a [[membranophone]] made from a [[gourd]] with the top cut off and covered with goat or sheep skin. It is an ancient instrument, probably introduced during the reign of [[Naaba Oubri]] to be played in sacred music at the royal courts of [[Moaga]] by a head drummer (''benaaba'') who strikes the center or edges of the drum to make varying sounds. |
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Another stringed instrument is called the [[Ngoni (instrument)|n'goni]]. Legend says it was invented by a Senufo hunter. The n'goni is also played in [[Niger]], [[Senegal]] and Mali. |
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The [[Fula people]] ''(Fulbe)'' of the north play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, ''hoddu'' (or ''[[xalam]]'', a plucked skin-covered lute related to the [[banjo]]) and the ''riti'' or ''riiti'' (a one-string bowed instrument), and use complex vocal techniques with [[clapping]] [[percussion instrument|percussion]]. Their griots are known as ''gawlo''. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*Bensignor, François. "Hidden Treasure". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East'', pp 437–439. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN |
*Bensignor, François. "Hidden Treasure". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East'', pp 437–439. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}} |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{fr}} [http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=Burkina%20Faso&debut=0&bool=AND Audio clips: Traditional music of Burkina Faso.] Musée d' |
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=Burkina%20Faso&debut=0&bool=AND Audio clips: Traditional music of Burkina Faso.] [[Musée d'ethnographie de Genève]]. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
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* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt03_en.html Audio clip: Balafon.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101009004414/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt03_en.html Audio clip: Balafon.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
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* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt04_en.html Audio clip: Djembe.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100803205923/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt04_en.html Audio clip: Djembe.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
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* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt05_en.html Audio clip: Bendré.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt05_en.html Audio clip: Bendré.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
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* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt06_en.html Audio clip: Kora.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100224074122/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt06_en.html Audio clip: Kora.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
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* [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt07_en.html Audio clip: N'goni.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070101094425/http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/dpbf_c_txt07_en.html Audio clip: N'goni.] Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010. |
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Two current CDs of traditional Burkinabe music are available through Nonesuch Records: |
Two current CDs of traditional Burkinabe music are available through Nonesuch Records: |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Music Of Burkina Faso}} |
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[[Category:Music of Burkina Faso| ]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:15, 22 November 2024
The music of Burkina Faso includes the folk music of 60 different ethnic groups. The Mossi people, centrally located around the capital, Ouagadougou, account for 40% of the population while, to the south, Gurunsi, Gurma, Dagaaba and Lobi populations, speaking Gur languages closely related to the Mossi language, extend into the coastal states. In the north and east the Fulani of the Sahel preponderate, while in the south and west the Mande languages are common; Samo, Bissa, Bobo, Senufo and Marka. Burkinabé traditional music has continued to thrive and musical output remains quite diverse. Popular music is mostly in French: Burkina Faso has yet to produce a major pan-African success.
Popular music
[edit]
Burkina Faso's popular music scene has not yet garnered the fame of that of other West African countries, and many popular recordings are imported from Europe, the United States and Democratic Republic of the Congo. In spite of this influx of popular styles,[1] a few early musical acts achieved success such as Koudbi Koala's group Saaba, who perform traditional Mossi music from the region around Ouagadougou, the nation's capital. With a musical career that lasted half a century, singer Amadou Balaké was one of the foremost singers from the country during the 20th century.[2] In his music, Balaké combined Mandé, Mossi, and Afro-Cuban traditions. Other influential artists from the country include George Ouédraogo and Joseph Moussa Salambéré "Salambo".[3]
Popular traditional groups from Burkina Faso include balafon bands, percussion ensembles and others such as Farafina and Gabin Dabiré, who uses elements of traditional Burkinabé music.[4] Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso's second-largest city, is a cultural centre of Burkina Faso's Mandé people of the southwest. Burkinabe artist Barack La Voix D'or is a contemporary artist blending traditional Mande styles with modern afrobeat.
More recently, modern musicians in Burkina Faso are beginning to incorporate more foreign influences into their music, especially those from the United States, with genres such as hip-hop, rap, salsa and techno entering the music scene.[5] The zouglou genre from Côte d'Ivoire, along with its originator zouk, are also popular modern genres in Burkina Faso.[6]
Another modern genre that entered Burkina Faso is the Ivorian coupé-décalé, characterised by its electronic dance beat and percussive rhythm.[5][7][8] Modern popular artists in Burkina Faso that have utilised this genre include Floby, Dez Altino, Dicko Fils, Imilo Lechanceux, Kayawoto, Huguo Boss, Razben, , Barsa 1er, Agozo,[9] Bebeto Bongo,[10] Greg Burkimbila,[11] David Le Combattant[12] and Sofiano.[13]
Traditional music
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The kora, the stringed instrument of the djeli, has been popular throughout much of West Africa since the Malian empire of the 1240s. The instrument traditionally featured seven strings until the Gambian griot Madi Woulendi increased that number to twenty-one. The kora can be played in several scales including the hypolydian mode (saouta), silaba, sim'bi and mandéka.
Mande-speakers are also known for the balafon, a kind of wooden xylophone, the exact characteristics of which can vary depending on the maker. The Dagara, Bwa and Senufo peoples also have their own varieties.
Djembe drums, like balafons, are often manufactured in Bobo Dioulasso. The djembe, a vital part of Burkinabé traditional music, is said to be of Malinké origin. It is made from a single piece of wood, usually from a caïlcedrat or lenke tree.
The bendré drum (called bara in Mali and dumaa among the Hausa) is a membranophone made from a gourd with the top cut off and covered with goat or sheep skin. It is an ancient instrument, probably introduced during the reign of Naaba Oubri to be played in sacred music at the royal courts of Moaga by a head drummer (benaaba) who strikes the center or edges of the drum to make varying sounds.
Another stringed instrument is called the n'goni. Legend says it was invented by a Senufo hunter. The n'goni is also played in Niger, Senegal and Mali.
The Fula people (Fulbe) of the north play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, hoddu (or xalam, a plucked skin-covered lute related to the banjo) and the riti or riiti (a one-string bowed instrument), and use complex vocal techniques with clapping percussion. Their griots are known as gawlo.
References
[edit]- Bensignor, François. "Hidden Treasure". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 437–439. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
- ^ Rupley, Lawrence; Bangali, Lamissa; Diamitani, Boureima (2013-01-01). Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 141. ISBN 9780810867703.
- ^ Wood, Nigel (August 21, 2015). "Amadou Balaké: In Conclusion". The Irish Times. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
- ^ Fayola, Toyin; Fleming, Tyler (2012). Music, Performance and African Identities. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 9781136830280.
- ^ "Music of Burkina Faso". Frank Bessem's Musiques d'Afrique. Archived from the original on 2005-04-06. Retrieved 15 December 2005.
- ^ a b Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2015-09-23). Burkina Faso 2016 Petit Futé (in French). Petit Futé. pp. Search term "La Nirvana". ISBN 9782746995772.
- ^ "Musique du monde – Côte d'Ivoire: Le groupe " les 100 façons " réinvente le zouglou !". L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24. 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ "Analyse du phénomène "coupé-décalé" - Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso". ouaga-ca-bouge.net. Archived from the original on 2017-02-28. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ "BURKINA FASO. Au rythme du coupé-décalé". Courrier international (in French). 2010-11-04. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ "Concert musical "Les monstres sacrés de la musique burkinabè" : Le cri du cœur des organisateurs aux sponsors". www.sidwaya.bf. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ "Bebeto Bongo". 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ Ibrabiga. "MUSIQUE :L'interview de Greg«C'est mon physique qui fait (...)". www.burkinatourism.com (in French). Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ "KUNDE 2016 : Les nominés sont connus | ActuBurkina". actuburkina.net (in French). Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ "Floby : J'ai déposé des briques pour construire Sofiano ! | Tackborse.TV - 100% Culture - Film, Clips, Musique, MP3 du Burkina Faso". Bienvenue sur Tackborse.tv | 100% Culture - Film, Clips, Musique, MP3 du Burkina Faso (in French). 2016-08-13. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
External links
[edit]- (in French) Audio clips: Traditional music of Burkina Faso. Musée d'ethnographie de Genève. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Balafon. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Djembe. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Bendré. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Kora. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: N'goni. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
Two current CDs of traditional Burkinabe music are available through Nonesuch Records: 1. Savannah Rhythms and 2. Music of the Grasslands
Documentary films of traditional Burkinabe musicians and celebrations have been published by African Family Films.
