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{{Short description|U.S. Space Force weather satellite}}
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{{Infobox Spacecraft
{{Use American English|date=September 2020}}
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| Name = GOES 13
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
| Image = [[File:GOES-N spacecraft is lowered onto the payload adapter.jpg|200px|GOES-N during processing]]
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{{Infobox spaceflight
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| Caption = GOES-N during processing
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| name = EWS-G1
| Organisation = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]/[[NASA]]
| names_list = GOES-N<br>GOES-13 <small>(before September 8, 2020)</small>
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| Major_Contractors = [[Boeing]]
| Bus = [[BSS-601]]
| image = GOES-N spacecraft is lowered onto the payload adapter.jpg
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| image_caption = GOES-N during processing
| Mission_Type = [[Weather satellite|Weather]]

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| Launch = 24 May 2006<br/>22:11:00 GMT
| Carrier_Rocket = [[Delta IV|Delta IV-M+(4,2)]]
| mission_type = [[Weather satellite]]
| Launch_Site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]]
| operator = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]/[[NASA]] and [[United States Space Force|USSF]]
| COSPAR_ID = 2006-018A
| COSPAR_ID = 2006-018A
| Mass = {{convert|3133|kg}}
| SATCAT = 29155
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20040605034054/http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesnew.html goes.gsfc.nasa.gov]
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| Orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]]
| mission_duration = 10 years (planned)<br/>{{Age in years, months and days|year=2006|month=05|day=24}} (elapsed)
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| Longitude = 75° West

| Orbital_Period = 24 hours
| spacecraft_type = [[Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite|GOES-N]] series
| Mission_Duration = 10 years
| spacecraft_bus = [[Boeing 601|BSS-601]]
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| manufacturer = [[Boeing]]
| launch_mass = 3133 kg
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| power = 2300 watts

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| launch_date = 24 May 2006, 22:11:00 UTC
| launch_rocket = [[Delta IV|Delta IV-M+(4,2)]]
| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]]
| launch_contractor = [[Boeing]]

| entered_service =

| disposal_type = Decommissioned<ref name="ewsg1graveyard"></ref>
| deactivated = NET February 2024

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
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| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit]]
| orbit_longitude = 61.5° East
| orbit_slot = [[Indian Ocean]]
| apsis = gee
}}
}}
'''GOES 13''', known as '''GOES-N''' before becoming operational, is an [[United States|American]] [[weather satellite]] which forms part of the US [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's]] [[Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite]] system. On April 14, 2010, GOES-13 became the operational weather satellite for GOES-EAST<ref name="News">{{cite web|url=http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesnew.html|title=GOES-NEWS|date=2009-05-09|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref>, however it is currently non-operational due to an anomaly which occurred on 22 May 2013.
'''EWS-G1''' (Electro-optical Infrared Weather System Geostationary)<ref name="LAAFB"/> is a [[weather satellite]] of the [[United States Space Force|U.S. Space Force]], formerly '''GOES-13''' (also known as '''GOES-N''' before becoming operational) and part of the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's]] [[Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite]] system. On 14 April 2010, GOES-13 became the operational weather satellite for GOES-East.<ref name="News">{{cite web |url=http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesnew.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605034054/http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesnew.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-06-05|title=GOES-NEWS|date=2009-05-09|publisher=NASA|access-date=2009-07-08}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It was replaced by [[GOES-16]] on 18 December 2017<ref name="operational">{{cite news|last1=Clark|first1=Stephen|title=NOAA's GOES-16 weather satellite declared operational|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/12/20/noaas-goes-16-weather-satellite-declared-operational/|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=20 December 2017|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref> and on 8 January 2018 its instruments were shut off and it began its three-week drift to an on-orbit storage location at 60.0° West longitude, arriving on 31 January 2018. It remained there as a backup satellite in case one of the operational GOES satellites had a problem until early July 2019, when it started to drift westward and was being transferred to the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]], and then the U.S. Space Force.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/farewell-goes-13-history-noaa%E2%80%99s-former-goes-east-satellite |title=Farewell to GOES-13: The History of NOAA's Former GOES East Satellite {{!}} NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)|date=2018-01-10|website=www.nesdis.noaa.gov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717142654/https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/farewell-goes-13-history-noaa%E2%80%99s-former-goes-east-satellite|archive-date=2018-07-17|url-status=live|access-date=2018-01-10}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="drafted"/><ref name="sn-20190919"/>

GOES-13 arrived at 61.5° East longitude in mid-February 2020.<ref name="n2yo">{{cite web|title=Live Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions: GOES 13|url=https://www.n2yo.com/?s=29155|publisher=N2YO.com |access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> The satellite was renamed '''EWS-G1''' and became fully operational over the [[Indian Ocean]] basin on September 8, 2020. [[GOES 15|EWS-G2 (GOES-15)]] was drafted to replace it in September 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Space Force accepts second weather satellite through NOAA partnership |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3534522/space-force-accepts-second-weather-satellite-through-noaa-partnership/ |website=United States Space Force |access-date=1 January 2024 |date=22 September 2023}}</ref>

EWS-G1 was removed from operational service on October 31, 2023.<ref name="ewsg1graveyard">{{cite web |last1=Schmit |first1=Tim |title=GOES-N to GOES-13, EWS-G1 and the Graveyard (Orbit) |url=https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/archives/55455 |website=cimss.ssec.wisc.edu |publisher=Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies |access-date=1 January 2024 |date=9 November 2023}}</ref>


==Launch==
==Launch==
[[File:Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) launch with GOES-N.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Launch of GOES 13]]
[[File:Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) launch with GOES-N.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Launch of GOES-13]]
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GOES-N was launched aboard a [[Boeing]] [[Delta IV|Delta IV-M+(4,2)]] rocket, flying from [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 37|Space Launch Complex 37B]] at the [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]]. The launch occurred at 22:11:00 GMT on 24 May, 2006.<ref name="JSR-LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref>


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GOES-N was launched aboard a [[Boeing]] [[Delta IV|Delta IV-M+(4,2)]] rocket, flying from [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 37|SLC-37B]] at the [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]]. The launch occurred at 22:11:00 UTC on 24 May 2006.<ref name="JSR-LL">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page |access-date=2009-07-08}}</ref>
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The launch had been delayed significantly due to a number of issues. First, it had been scheduled to fly on a [[Delta III]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes_npbooklet/booklet.pdf|title=GOES-NO/P/Q — The Next Generation|year=2001|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref> but after three consecutive failures on its first three flights, the Delta III was cancelled, with GOES launches being transferred to the Delta IV. Further delays were caused after the previous Delta IV launch, the maiden flight of the Heavy configuration, suffered a partial failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/ft_060522_delta4_boeing.html|title=For Boeing, Next Delta 4 Rocket Launch Carries More Than a Satellite |last=Kelly|first=John|date=2006-05-22|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref> Then, two launch attempts in August 2005 were scrubbed, the second just four minutes and twenty six seconds prior to liftoff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2005/08/delta-4-launch-scrubbed-again/|title=Delta 4 launch scrubbed - again|last=Bergin|first=Chris|date=2005-08-16|publisher=NASASpaceflight.com|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref>


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The launch had been delayed significantly due to a number of issues. First, it had been scheduled to fly on a [[Delta III]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes_npbooklet/booklet.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320065751/http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes_npbooklet/booklet.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-20|title=GOES-NO/P/Q — The Next Generation|year=2001|publisher=NASA|url-status=dead |access-date=2009-07-08}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> but after three consecutive failures on its first three flights, the Delta III was canceled, with GOES launches being transferred to the Delta IV. Further delays were caused after the previous Delta IV launch, the maiden flight of the Heavy configuration, suffered a partial failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/ft_060522_delta4_boeing.html |title=For Boeing, Next Delta 4 Rocket Launch Carries More Than a Satellite|last=Kelly|first=John|date=2006-05-22|publisher=Space.com|access-date=2009-07-08}}</ref> Then, two launch attempts in August 2005 were scrubbed, the second attempt just four minutes and 26 seconds prior to liftoff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2005/08/delta-4-launch-scrubbed-again/|title=Delta 4 launch scrubbed - again |last=Bergin|first=Chris|date=2005-08-16|publisher=NASASpaceflight.com|access-date=2009-07-08}}</ref>
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After these launch attempts, the rocket's [[flight termination system]] batteries expired, requiring replacement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d313/status.html|title=Mission Status Center|work=Delta Launch Report - GOES-N|publisher=Spaceflight Now|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref> A strike by workers at Boeing subsequently pushed the launch back to May 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/news/sfn_051027_boeing_strike.html|title=Boeing's Launch Schedule Hit by Impending Union Strike|date=2005-10-27|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref>

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After these launch attempts, the rocket's [[Range safety|flight termination system]] batteries expired, requiring replacement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d313/status.html |title=Mission Status Center|work=Delta Launch Report - GOES-N|publisher=Spaceflight Now|access-date=2009-07-08}}</ref> A strike by workers at Boeing subsequently pushed the launch back to May 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/news/sfn_051027_boeing_strike.html|title=Boeing's Launch Schedule Hit by Impending Union Strike|date=2005-10-27|publisher=Space.com|access-date=2009-07-08}}</ref>


==Spacecraft==
==Spacecraft==
At launch, the satellite had a mass of {{convert|3133|kg}}, and an expected operational lifespan of ten years, although it carries fuel for longer.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/goes-n.htm|title=GOES N, O, P, Q|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref> It was built by [[Boeing]], based on the [[BS-601]] satellite bus,<ref name="EA">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/hs601.htm|title=HS 601|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref> and was the first of three GOES-N series satellites to be launched. It is currently in a [[geostationary orbit]] at a [[longitude]] of 75° West.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goesstatus/spacecraftStatusSummary.asp?spacecraft=13|title=GOES 13 Spacecraft Status Summary|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesnstatus.html|title=GOES-N Status|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2009-07-08}}</ref>
At launch, the satellite had a mass of {{convert|3133|kg}}, and an expected operational lifespan of ten years, although it carries fuel for longer.<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/goes-n.htm|title=GOES N, O, P, Q|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=2009-07-08}}</ref> It was built by [[Boeing]], based on the [[Boeing 601|BSS-601]] satellite bus,<ref name="EA">{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/hs601.htm|title=HS 601|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|access-date=2009-07-08|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802014958/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/hs601.htm|archive-date=2009-08-02}}</ref> and was the first of three GOES-N series satellites to be launched.


==Operations==
==Operations==
In December 2007, GOES-13 was called up to provide coverage of the [[East Coast of the United States]] during an outage of [[GOES 12|GOES-12]] due to a thruster leak. After the problem with GOES-12 cleared, it resumed operations, and GOES-13 was deactivated again. It was also briefly activated in mid-May 2009 when GOES-12 developed another thruster problem, however, it did not need to take over operations, and was deactivated by the end of the month. In April 2010, GOES-13 replaced GOES-12 as GOES-East at 75.0° West.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesmstatus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041030133417/http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesmstatus.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-10-30|title=GOES-M Status|publisher=NOAA |access-date=2009-07-09}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> GOES-13 served actively as GOES-East from April 2010 to December 2017. In December 2017, GOES-16 replaced GOES-13 as GOES-East.<ref name="operational"/> On 14 December 2017, GOES-13's direct (GOES VARiable transmission format) GVAR was disabled. The GOES-13 GVAR and (Low Rate Information Transmission) LRIT were relayed through [[GOES 14|GOES-14]] until 8 January 2018, at which time the GOES-13 GVAR relay through GOES-14 GVAR was disabled. GOES-13 ceased transmitting data, began drifting to its storage location at 60.0° West on 9 January 2018, and arrived there on 31 January 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=GOES-16 drift and transition to operations|url=https://www.goes-r.gov/users/transitiontToOperations.html|access-date=13 February 2018}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> GOES-13 remained at 60.0° West as a backup satellite, in case one of the operational GOES satellites malfunctioned.<ref name=":0"/>
GOES-13 has been serving actively as GOES-East since April 2010. In December 2007, it was called up to provide coverage of the east coast of the United States during an outage of GOES 12 due to a thruster leak. After the problem with GOES 12

cleared, it resumed operations, and GOES 13 was deactivated again. It was also briefly activated in mid May 2009, when GOES 12 developed another thruster problem, however it did not need to take over operations, and was deactivated by the end of the month. In April 2010, GOES-13 replaced GOES-12 as GOES-East at 75° West.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goesmstatus.html|title=GOES-M Status|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2009-07-09}}</ref>
In January 2017, the [[United States Air Force]] started to consider taking over a spare GOES satellite for monitoring the [[Indian Ocean]] as the [[Meteosat-8]] satellite was expected to be out of fuel in 2020 (later extended to 2022).<ref name="sn-20170125">{{cite web|last=Foust|first=Jeff|url=https://spacenews.com/air-force-considering-taking-over-noaa-weather-satellite/|title=Air Force considering taking over NOAA weather satellite|publisher=[[SpaceNews]]|date=25 January 2017|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref> GOES-13 was brought out of storage on 19 June 2019 for a period of testing,<ref name="cimss">{{cite web|last1=Bachmeier|first1=Scott |title=GOES-13 brought out of storage|url=https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/archives/33568|publisher=CIMSS|access-date=15 January 2020|date=26 June 2019}}</ref> and began to drift westward since 2 July 2019.<ref name="drafted">{{cite web|author1=Scott Tilley|title=GOES-13 Gets Drafted?|url=https://skyriddles.wordpress.com/2019/09/10/goes-13-gets-drafted/|publisher=Riddles in the Sky|access-date=4 December 2019|date=10 September 2019}}</ref> In September 2019, NOAA confirmed that GOES-13 had been transferred to the U.S. Air Force after the two-year negotiation in order to fill a gap in forecasting requirements, but NOAA would continue operating the satellite on behalf of the U.S. Air Force for its remaining life span.<ref name="sn-20190919">{{cite web|last=Foust|first=Jeff|url=https://spacenews.com/noaa-weather-satellite-transferred-to-u-s-air-force/|title=NOAA weather satellite transferred to U.S. Air Force|publisher=SpaceNews|date=19 September 2019|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref> GOES-13 was later transferred to the [[United States Space Force]] since its establishment in December 2019. After the 7-month drift, GOES-13 eventually arrived at 61.5° [[Longitude|East longitude]] in mid-February 2020.<ref name="n2yo"/> On September 8, 2020, the [[Space and Missile Systems Center]] announced the newly renamed '''EWS-G1''' (Electro-optical Infrared Weather System Geostationary) satellite became fully operational with the joint efforts between the U.S. Space Force, NOAA, and NASA.<ref name="LAAFB">{{cite web |title=USSF and NOAA Begin Joint Operations of Infrared Weather Satellite |url=https://www.losangeles.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2339990/ussf-and-noaa-begin-joint-operations-of-infrared-weather-satellite/ |publisher=[[Los Angeles Air Force Base]] |date=8 September 2020 |access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="SFN20200913">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/09/13/noaa-weather-satellite-transitions-to-new-role-for-u-s-military/|title=NOAA weather satellite transitions to new role for U.S. military|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=13 September 2020|access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref>


===Anomalies===
===Anomalies===
In December 2006 GOES-13 observed a solar flare so intense it damaged its [[Solar X-ray Imager]] (SXI).<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/06may_carringtonflare/ A Super Solar Flare - NASA 2008]</ref>
In December 2006, GOES-13 observed a [[solar flare]] so intense it damaged its [[Solar X-ray Imager]] (SXI).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/06may_carringtonflare/ |title=A Super Solar Flare - Science at NASA|website=nasa.gov|date=6 May 2008|access-date=14 September 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>


On September 12, 2012, GOES 13 began to return images with an excessive amount of noise. The noise gradually increased to the point at which the satellite was placed in standby mode on September 24 in order to allow engineers to diagnose the problem. [[GOES 15]] temporarily provided backup imagery for a short time, with [[GOES 14]] being taken out of in-orbit storage and prepared to be a longer-term replacement including movement towards the 75 degree slot normally occupied by GOES East.<ref name="CIMSS Satellite Blog">{{cite web|title=Using polar-orbiting satellite data to help fill in gaps during a GOES-13 outage|url=http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/11421|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison}}</ref> GOES 13 returned to normal operations 18 October 2012.<ref name="Back from the dead: GOES-13 satellite returns to active duty">[http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/back-from-the-dead-goes-13-satellite-returns-to-active-duty/2012/10/17/68690030-186b-11e2-9855-71f2b202721b_blog.html Back from the dead: GOES-13 satellite returns to active duty], Washington Post.</ref><ref name="NOAA Spacecraft Status">{{cite web|title=GOES 13 spacecraft status|url=http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goesstatus/spacecraftStatusSummary.asp?spacecraft=13|publisher=NOAA Office of Satellite Operations}}</ref> GOES 14 was kept in normal operations and used to monitor [[Superstorm Sandy]] in parallel with GOES 13<ref name="CIMSS Satellite Blog Update">{{cite web|title=Hurricane Sandy Life Cycle from GOES-13 and GOES-14|url=http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/11686|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison}}</ref> before GOES 14 returned to standby status.
On 12 September 2012, GOES-13 began to return images with an excessive amount of noise. The noise gradually increased to the point at which the satellite was placed in standby mode on 24 September 2012 in order to allow engineers to diagnose the problem. [[GOES 15|GOES-15]] temporarily provided backup imagery for a short time, with [[GOES 14|GOES-14]] being taken out of in-orbit storage and prepared to be a longer-term replacement including movement towards the 75.0° slot normally occupied by GOES-East.<ref name="CIMSS Satellite Blog">{{cite web |title=Using polar-orbiting satellite data to help fill in gaps during a GOES-13 outage |date=24 September 2012 |url=http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/11421 |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison}}</ref> GOES-13 returned to normal operations on 18 October 2012.<ref name="Back from the dead: GOES-13 satellite returns to active duty">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/back-from-the-dead-goes-13-satellite-returns-to-active-duty/2012/10/17/68690030-186b-11e2-9855-71f2b202721b_blog.html Back from the dead: GOES-13 satellite returns to active duty], Washington Post.</ref><ref name="NOAA Spacecraft Status">{{cite web|title=GOES-13 spacecraft status |url=http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goesstatus/spacecraftStatusSummary.asp?spacecraft=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113160725/http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goesstatus/spacecraftStatusSummary.asp?spacecraft=13|archive-date=2011-01-13|publisher=NOAA Office of Satellite Operations}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> GOES-14 was kept in normal operations and used to monitor [[Hurricane Sandy]] in parallel with GOES-13<ref name="CIMSS Satellite Blog Update">{{cite web|title=Hurricane Sandy Life Cycle from GOES-13 and GOES-14|date=30 October 2012 |url=http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/11686|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison}}</ref> before GOES-14 returned to standby status.


GOES 13 unexpectedly suffered an anomaly at 03:40 UTC on May 22, 2013 which left it unable to return weather data. GOES 14 was again activated, taking over GOES-East operations at 06:00 UTC on May 23, however it currently remains at its storage position at 105 degrees West.<ref>http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/MESS/MSG1422048.01.txt</ref> GOES 13 was scheduled to return to operational status at 15:45 UTC on June 6, 2013<ref>http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/SPBULL/MSG1551904.01.txt, Update#21</ref> However that was delayed due to a Critical Weather
On 22 May 2013, at 03:40 UTC, GOES-13 was apparently hit by a [[micrometeorite]] or [[Space debris|orbital debris]] ([[Space debris|MMOD]]) which caused it to lose track of the stars that it uses to maintain attitude. The satellite then went into safe mode and shut down all of its instruments. The hit was believed to occur on the solar array yoke. In the short term [[GOES 15|GOES-15]] was reconfigured to cover the entire United States, but operators activated GOES-14 to take over GOES-East operations at 06:00 UTC on 23 May 2013.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130607192921/http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/MESS/ {{PD-notice}}</ref> GOES-13 was scheduled to return to operational status at 15:45 UTC on 6 June 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/SPBULL/MSG1551904.01.txt|title=Update#21}}</ref> However, that was delayed due to a Critical Weather Day and [[Tropical Storm Andrea (2013)|Tropical Storm Andrea]].<ref>http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/MESS/ {{PD-notice}}</ref> It returned to full duty on 10 June 2013.

Day and Tropical Storm Andrea. <ref>http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/MESS/MSG1571428.01.txt</ref>
On 20 November 2015, at 09:22 UTC, the GOES-13 Sounder experienced an anomaly. GOES engineers determined that the Filter Wheel had stopped moving (the filter wheel aligns the [[infrared detector]]s with the incoming data) so data were not scanned. All 18 infrared channels were affected; the visible channel (band 19) continued sending usable data until the instruments were shut down in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lindstrom|first1=Scott|title=GOES-13 Sounder Anomalies|date=23 November 2015 |url=http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/20112|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
*[[2006 in spaceflight]]
*[[List of GOES satellites]]
* [[2006 in spaceflight]]
* [[List of GOES satellites]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}


{{GOES}}
{{GOES}}
{{USAF space vehicles}}
{{Orbital launches in 2006}}
{{Orbital launches in 2006}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Goes 13}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:GOES-13}}
[[Category:2006 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by Delta rockets]]
[[Category:Satellites using the BSS-601 bus]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2006]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by Delta IV rockets]]
[[Category:Military satellites]]
[[Category:Equipment of the United States Space Force]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]

Latest revision as of 21:54, 15 July 2024

EWS-G1
GOES-N during processing
NamesGOES-N
GOES-13 (before September 8, 2020)
Mission typeWeather satellite
OperatorNOAA/NASA and USSF
COSPAR ID2006-018A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.29155
Websitegoes.gsfc.nasa.gov
Mission duration10 years (planned)
18 years, 7 months and 8 days (elapsed)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeGOES-N series
BusBSS-601
ManufacturerBoeing
Launch mass3133 kg
Power2300 watts
Start of mission
Launch date24 May 2006, 22:11:00 UTC
RocketDelta IV-M+(4,2)
Launch siteCape Canaveral, SLC-37B
ContractorBoeing
End of mission
DisposalDecommissioned[1]
DeactivatedNET February 2024
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeGeostationary orbit
Longitude61.5° East
SlotIndian Ocean

EWS-G1 (Electro-optical Infrared Weather System Geostationary)[2] is a weather satellite of the U.S. Space Force, formerly GOES-13 (also known as GOES-N before becoming operational) and part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system. On 14 April 2010, GOES-13 became the operational weather satellite for GOES-East.[3] It was replaced by GOES-16 on 18 December 2017[4] and on 8 January 2018 its instruments were shut off and it began its three-week drift to an on-orbit storage location at 60.0° West longitude, arriving on 31 January 2018. It remained there as a backup satellite in case one of the operational GOES satellites had a problem until early July 2019, when it started to drift westward and was being transferred to the U.S. Air Force, and then the U.S. Space Force.[5][6][7]

GOES-13 arrived at 61.5° East longitude in mid-February 2020.[8] The satellite was renamed EWS-G1 and became fully operational over the Indian Ocean basin on September 8, 2020. EWS-G2 (GOES-15) was drafted to replace it in September 2023.[9]

EWS-G1 was removed from operational service on October 31, 2023.[1]

Launch

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Launch of GOES-13

GOES-N was launched aboard a Boeing Delta IV-M+(4,2) rocket, flying from SLC-37B at the Cape Canaveral. The launch occurred at 22:11:00 UTC on 24 May 2006.[10]

The launch had been delayed significantly due to a number of issues. First, it had been scheduled to fly on a Delta III,[11] but after three consecutive failures on its first three flights, the Delta III was canceled, with GOES launches being transferred to the Delta IV. Further delays were caused after the previous Delta IV launch, the maiden flight of the Heavy configuration, suffered a partial failure.[12] Then, two launch attempts in August 2005 were scrubbed, the second attempt just four minutes and 26 seconds prior to liftoff.[13]

After these launch attempts, the rocket's flight termination system batteries expired, requiring replacement.[14] A strike by workers at Boeing subsequently pushed the launch back to May 2006.[15]

Spacecraft

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At launch, the satellite had a mass of 3,133 kilograms (6,907 lb), and an expected operational lifespan of ten years, although it carries fuel for longer.[16] It was built by Boeing, based on the BSS-601 satellite bus,[17] and was the first of three GOES-N series satellites to be launched.

Operations

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In December 2007, GOES-13 was called up to provide coverage of the East Coast of the United States during an outage of GOES-12 due to a thruster leak. After the problem with GOES-12 cleared, it resumed operations, and GOES-13 was deactivated again. It was also briefly activated in mid-May 2009 when GOES-12 developed another thruster problem, however, it did not need to take over operations, and was deactivated by the end of the month. In April 2010, GOES-13 replaced GOES-12 as GOES-East at 75.0° West.[18] GOES-13 served actively as GOES-East from April 2010 to December 2017. In December 2017, GOES-16 replaced GOES-13 as GOES-East.[4] On 14 December 2017, GOES-13's direct (GOES VARiable transmission format) GVAR was disabled. The GOES-13 GVAR and (Low Rate Information Transmission) LRIT were relayed through GOES-14 until 8 January 2018, at which time the GOES-13 GVAR relay through GOES-14 GVAR was disabled. GOES-13 ceased transmitting data, began drifting to its storage location at 60.0° West on 9 January 2018, and arrived there on 31 January 2018.[19] GOES-13 remained at 60.0° West as a backup satellite, in case one of the operational GOES satellites malfunctioned.[5]

In January 2017, the United States Air Force started to consider taking over a spare GOES satellite for monitoring the Indian Ocean as the Meteosat-8 satellite was expected to be out of fuel in 2020 (later extended to 2022).[20] GOES-13 was brought out of storage on 19 June 2019 for a period of testing,[21] and began to drift westward since 2 July 2019.[6] In September 2019, NOAA confirmed that GOES-13 had been transferred to the U.S. Air Force after the two-year negotiation in order to fill a gap in forecasting requirements, but NOAA would continue operating the satellite on behalf of the U.S. Air Force for its remaining life span.[7] GOES-13 was later transferred to the United States Space Force since its establishment in December 2019. After the 7-month drift, GOES-13 eventually arrived at 61.5° East longitude in mid-February 2020.[8] On September 8, 2020, the Space and Missile Systems Center announced the newly renamed EWS-G1 (Electro-optical Infrared Weather System Geostationary) satellite became fully operational with the joint efforts between the U.S. Space Force, NOAA, and NASA.[2][22]

Anomalies

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In December 2006, GOES-13 observed a solar flare so intense it damaged its Solar X-ray Imager (SXI).[23]

On 12 September 2012, GOES-13 began to return images with an excessive amount of noise. The noise gradually increased to the point at which the satellite was placed in standby mode on 24 September 2012 in order to allow engineers to diagnose the problem. GOES-15 temporarily provided backup imagery for a short time, with GOES-14 being taken out of in-orbit storage and prepared to be a longer-term replacement including movement towards the 75.0° slot normally occupied by GOES-East.[24] GOES-13 returned to normal operations on 18 October 2012.[25][26] GOES-14 was kept in normal operations and used to monitor Hurricane Sandy in parallel with GOES-13[27] before GOES-14 returned to standby status.

On 22 May 2013, at 03:40 UTC, GOES-13 was apparently hit by a micrometeorite or orbital debris (MMOD) which caused it to lose track of the stars that it uses to maintain attitude. The satellite then went into safe mode and shut down all of its instruments. The hit was believed to occur on the solar array yoke. In the short term GOES-15 was reconfigured to cover the entire United States, but operators activated GOES-14 to take over GOES-East operations at 06:00 UTC on 23 May 2013.[28] GOES-13 was scheduled to return to operational status at 15:45 UTC on 6 June 2013[29] However, that was delayed due to a Critical Weather Day and Tropical Storm Andrea.[30] It returned to full duty on 10 June 2013.

On 20 November 2015, at 09:22 UTC, the GOES-13 Sounder experienced an anomaly. GOES engineers determined that the Filter Wheel had stopped moving (the filter wheel aligns the infrared detectors with the incoming data) so data were not scanned. All 18 infrared channels were affected; the visible channel (band 19) continued sending usable data until the instruments were shut down in 2018.[31]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Schmit, Tim (9 November 2023). "GOES-N to GOES-13, EWS-G1 and the Graveyard (Orbit)". cimss.ssec.wisc.edu. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b "USSF and NOAA Begin Joint Operations of Infrared Weather Satellite". Los Angeles Air Force Base. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  3. ^ "GOES-NEWS". NASA. 9 May 2009. Archived from the original on 5 June 2004. Retrieved 8 July 2009. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ a b Clark, Stephen (20 December 2017). "NOAA's GOES-16 weather satellite declared operational". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  5. ^ a b "Farewell to GOES-13: The History of NOAA's Former GOES East Satellite | NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)". www.nesdis.noaa.gov. 10 January 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ a b Scott Tilley (10 September 2019). "GOES-13 Gets Drafted?". Riddles in the Sky. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  7. ^ a b Foust, Jeff (19 September 2019). "NOAA weather satellite transferred to U.S. Air Force". SpaceNews. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Live Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions: GOES 13". N2YO.com. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Space Force accepts second weather satellite through NOAA partnership". United States Space Force. 22 September 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  10. ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  11. ^ "GOES-NO/P/Q — The Next Generation" (PDF). NASA. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ^ Kelly, John (22 May 2006). "For Boeing, Next Delta 4 Rocket Launch Carries More Than a Satellite". Space.com. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  13. ^ Bergin, Chris (16 August 2005). "Delta 4 launch scrubbed - again". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  14. ^ "Mission Status Center". Delta Launch Report - GOES-N. Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  15. ^ "Boeing's Launch Schedule Hit by Impending Union Strike". Space.com. 27 October 2005. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  16. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "GOES N, O, P, Q". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  17. ^ Wade, Mark. "HS 601". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  18. ^ "GOES-M Status". NOAA. Archived from the original on 30 October 2004. Retrieved 9 July 2009. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. ^ "GOES-16 drift and transition to operations". Retrieved 13 February 2018. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. ^ Foust, Jeff (25 January 2017). "Air Force considering taking over NOAA weather satellite". SpaceNews. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  21. ^ Bachmeier, Scott (26 June 2019). "GOES-13 brought out of storage". CIMSS. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  22. ^ "NOAA weather satellite transitions to new role for U.S. military". Spaceflight Now. 13 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  23. ^ "A Super Solar Flare - Science at NASA". nasa.gov. 6 May 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  24. ^ "Using polar-orbiting satellite data to help fill in gaps during a GOES-13 outage". University of Wisconsin-Madison. 24 September 2012.
  25. ^ Back from the dead: GOES-13 satellite returns to active duty, Washington Post.
  26. ^ "GOES-13 spacecraft status". NOAA Office of Satellite Operations. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  27. ^ "Hurricane Sandy Life Cycle from GOES-13 and GOES-14". University of Wisconsin-Madison. 30 October 2012.
  28. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20130607192921/http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/MESS/ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  29. ^ "Update#21".
  30. ^ http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/SATS/MESS/ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  31. ^ Lindstrom, Scott (23 November 2015). "GOES-13 Sounder Anomalies". Retrieved 27 December 2017.
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