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{{Short description|Australian politician and trade unionist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox MP
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Greg Combet
|honorific-suffix = [[Order of Australia|AM]] [[Member of Parliament#Australia|MP]]
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|image = Greg Combet profile.jpg
| name = Greg Combet
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AO}}
|office2 = [[Minister for Climate Change, Industry and Innovation (Australia)|Minister for Climate Change, Industry and Innovation]]<ref>http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/member.asp?id=YW6</ref>
| image = Greg Combet explaining carbon tax (cropped).jpg
|term_start2 = 14 September 2010
| office1 = [[Minister for Industry and Innovation (Australia)|Minister for Industry and Innovation]]
|primeminister2 = [[Julia Gillard]]
|predecessor2 = [[Penny Wong]]
| term_start1 = 14 December 2011
| primeminister1 = [[Julia Gillard]]
|term_end2 = 26 June 2013
| predecessor1 = [[Kim Carr]]
|office3 = [[Minister for Industry and Innovation(Australia)|Minister for Industry and Innovation]]
|term_start3 = 25 March 2013
| term_end1 = 26 June 2013
|primeminister3 = [[Julia Gillard]]
| successor1 = [[Kim Carr]]
| office2 = [[Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (Australia)|Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency]]
|predecessor3 = [[Kim Carr]]
| term_start2 = 14 September 2010
|term_end3 = 26 June 2013
| primeminister2 = [[Julia Gillard]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|04|28|df=yes}}
|constituency_MP4 = [[Division of Charlton|Charlton]]
| predecessor2 = [[Penny Wong]]
|parliament4 = Australian
| term_end2 = 26 June 2013
|term_start4 = 24 November 2007
| successor2 = [[Mark Butler]]
| office3 = [[Minister for Defence Materiel (Australia)|Minister for Defence Materiel and Science]]
|term_end4 =
|predecessor4 = [[Kelly Hoare]]
| term_start3 = 9 June 2009
| primeminister3 = [[Kevin Rudd]]<br />[[Julia Gillard]]
|birth_place = Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
|death_date =
| predecessor3 = [[Warren Snowdon]]
|death_place =
| term_end3 = 14 September 2010
|nationality = Australian
| successor3 = [[Jason Clare]]
| constituency_MP4 = [[Division of Charlton|Charlton]]
|party = [[Australian Labor Party]]
|spouse =
| parliament4 = Australian
|relations =
| term_start4 = 24 November 2007
|children = 1 daughter, 1 stepdaughter, 1 stepson
| term_end4 = 5 August 2013
|residence =
| predecessor4 = [[Kelly Hoare]]
|religion =
| successor4 = [[Pat Conroy (politician)|Pat Conroy]]
| office5 = 7th [[Australian Council of Trade Unions#Secretaries|Secretary of the ACTU]]
|alma_mater = [[University of New South Wales]]<br />[[University of Sydney]]
| president5 = [[Jennie George]] <br /> [[Sharan Burrow]]
|occupation =
| term_start5 = February 2000
|profession = Mining engineer and trade unionist
|signature =
| term_end5 = June 2007
| predecessor5 = [[Bill Kelty]]
|website =http://www.gregcombet.com.au/
| successor5 = [[Jeff Lawrence (unionist)|Jeff Lawrence]]
|footnotes =
| birthname = Gregory Ivan Combet
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|4|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = Australian
| party = [[Australian Labor Party]]
| spouse =
| relations =
| children = 1 daughter, 2 stepdaughters, 2 stepsons
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[University of New South Wales]]<br />[[University of Sydney]]
| occupation =
| profession = [[Trade union]]ist,<br />[[politician]]
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Gregory Ivan Combet''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|m|b|eɪ}}; born 28 April 1958) is the chairman of Australia’s sovereign wealth fund, the Future Fund. Prior to this he served as chair of the Australian Government Net Zero Economy Agency, overseeing the economic transformation from fossil fuels to renewable energy and net zero emissions.


Combet is an Australian labour movement leader. He is a former Labor politician and Cabinet Minister, former Secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions, former leader of profit-to-member superannuation funds and chair of investment manager IFM Investors.
'''Gregory Ivan Combet'''<small> [[Order of Australia|AM]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]]</small> {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|m|b|eɪ}} (born 28 April 1958) is an Australian politician and trade unionist. He was Secretary of the [[Australian Council of Trade Unions]] (ACTU) between 2000 and 2007. He was elected member for the New South Wales seat of [[Division of Charlton|Charlton]] for the [[Australian Labor Party]] at the [[Australian federal election, 2007|2007 election]] and was immediately appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Procurement in the [[First Rudd Ministry]] on 3 December 2007. Combet is currently the Minister for Climate Change, Industry and Innovation in the [[Second Gillard Ministry]].<ref>http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/gillard-announces-her-team-20100911-155ou.html.</ref> He previously served as Parliamentary Secretary of the Department of Climate Change, when [[Penny Wong]] was the Minister.

Combet holds degrees in Mining Engineering and Economics, has a graduate diploma in Labour Relations and the Law, and has been awarded honorary doctorates from the University of South Australia, the University of Newcastle, and an honorary doctorate of engineering from the University of New South Wales.

He was elected member for the New South Wales Federal seat of [[Division of Charlton|Charlton]] for the [[Australian Labor Party]] at the [[2007 Australian federal election|2007 election]] and was immediately appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Procurement in the [[First Rudd Ministry]] on 3 December 2007. Combet was the Minister for Climate Change, Industry and Innovation in the [[Second Gillard Ministry]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/gillard-announces-her-team-20100911-155ou.html |title=Gillard announces her team |work=Brisbane Times |date=11 September 2010 |agency=AAP |access-date=26 June 2013 }}</ref> before announcing his resignation from the ministry on 26 June 2013<ref name="ABC2013-06-26">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-26/rudd-prevails-over-gillard-in-leadership-ballot/4783422 |title=Kevin Rudd defeats Julia Gillard 57-45 in Labor leadership ballot, paving way for a return to PM |author=Griffith, Emma |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=26 June 2013<!-- 21:00 -->|access-date=26 June 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Age2013-06-26">{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/the-pulse-live/politics-live-june-26-2013-20130626-2ovyx.html |title=Politics live: June 26, 2013 |date=26 June 2013 |access-date= 26 June 2013 |work=The Age |author=Peatling, Stephanie }}</ref> following [[Julia Gillard]]'s defeat in a [[June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill|leadership ballot]]. He previously served as Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change, when [[Penny Wong]] was the Minister.

He retired from politics at the 2013 election.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-29/greg-combet-quits-politics/4789542 Federal Labor frontbencher Greg Combet to retire from politics, ABC News, 29 June 2013]. Retrieved 29 June 2013</ref> In 2020, Combet was appointed to the [[National COVID-19 Coordination Commission]] to "provide strategic and policy advice" for the Morrison Coalition government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-covid-19-coordination-commission|title = NATIONAL COVID-19 COORDINATION COMMISSION &#124; Prime Minister of Australia}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Greg Combet was born in Sydney and attended Eastern Creek Primary school, then Rooty Hill High School from years 7 to 10.<ref name="MtDruittStandard">{{cite news|newspaper=Mt Druitt St Marys Standard|first=Nikolaos|last=Stavrou|date=2010-07-21|title=Shining Star - Tireless Pursuit of Justice|url=http://digitaledition.mtdruittstandard.com.au/default.aspx?iid=38449&startpage=page0000015#folio=014|accessdate=2011-12-14}}</ref> He completed his secondary education at [[Baulkham Hills High School]].<ref name="MtDruittStandard"/> He was later educated at the [[University of New South Wales]] where he studied mining engineering,<ref>[http://www.gregcombet.com.au/file.php?file=/aboutgreg.html Greg Combet's MP website], 27 June 2010.</ref> and then graduated from the [[University of Sydney]] with a [[Bachelor of Economics]], and a Graduate Diploma in Labour Relations and the Law. He was a project officer for the [[New South Wales Tenants' Union]], before working for the [[Lidcombe, New South Wales|Lidcombe]] Workers' Health Centre. In 1987, he was employed by the Waterside Workers' Federation, now part of the [[Maritime Union of Australia]].
Greg Combet was born in Sydney and attended Eastern Creek Primary school, then [[Rooty Hill, New South Wales|Rooty Hill]] High School from years 7 to 10.<ref name="MtDruittStandard">{{cite news|newspaper=Mt Druitt St Marys Standard|first=Nikolaos|last=Stavrou|date=2010-07-21|title=Shining Star - Tireless Pursuit of Justice|url=http://digitaledition.mtdruittstandard.com.au/default.aspx?iid=38449&startpage=page0000015#folio=014|access-date=2011-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426051308/http://digitaledition.mtdruittstandard.com.au/default.aspx?iid=38449&startpage=page0000015#folio=014|archive-date=26 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> He completed his secondary education at [[Baulkham Hills High School]].<ref name="MtDruittStandard"/> He was later educated at the [[University of New South Wales]] where he studied mining engineering,<ref>[http://www.gregcombet.com.au/file.php?file=/aboutgreg.html Greg Combet's MP website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013175436/http://www.gregcombet.com.au/file.php?file=%2Faboutgreg.html |date=13 October 2009 }}, 27 June 2010.</ref> and then graduated from the [[University of Sydney]] with a [[Bachelor of Economics]], and a Graduate Diploma in Labour Relations and the Law. He was a project officer for the [[New South Wales Tenants' Union]], before working for the [[Lidcombe]] Workers' Health Centre. In 1987, he was employed by the Waterside Workers' Federation, now part of the [[Maritime Union of Australia]].


==Union activity==
==Union activity==
Combet's association with the [[Australian Council of Trade Unions]] (ACTU) began in 1993 when he became a Senior Industrial Officer. In 1996 he was elected Assistant Secretary and in 2000, following the retirement of [[Bill Kelty]], he became Secretary. Over his time at the ACTU, Combet has co-ordinated many union campaigns, including the 'Cavalcade to Canberra' of 19 August 1996. He rose to further prominence during the [[1998 Australian waterfront dispute]]. Combet also participated in campaigns to secure entitlements and compensation for the staff of the collapsed airline [[Ansett Australia]] and [[asbestos]] victims of the [[James Hardie]] company. In his capacity as Secretary of the ACTU, Combet led the campaign against the [[Howard Government]]'s [[WorkChoices]] industrial relations law changes.
Combet's association with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) began in 1993 when he became a Senior Industrial Officer. In 1996 he was elected Assistant Secretary and in 1999 following the retirement of [[Bill Kelty]], he became Secretary. Over his time at the ACTU, Combet has co-ordinated many union campaigns, and rose to prominence during the [[1998 Australian waterfront dispute]]. Combet also led successful campaigns to secure entitlements and compensation for the staff of the collapsed airline [[Ansett Australia]] and [[asbestos]] victims of the [[James Hardie Industries|James Hardie]] company. In his capacity as Secretary of the ACTU, Combet led the Rights at Work campaign against the [[Howard government]]'s [[WorkChoices]] [[industrial relations]] law changes.


==Parliament==
==Parliament==
[[File:GregCombet.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Combet speaking in November 2005, shortly after the Government introduced its [[WorkChoices]] legislation]]
On 25 March 2007, ''The Sunday Age'' reported that senior [[Australian Labor Party]] figures had announced that Combet would run for election representing the ALP in the safe seat of [[Division of Charlton|Charlton]] in [[New South Wales]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Jason|last=Koutsoukis|title=Rudd drafts another star recruit to his team|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/rudd-drafts-another-star-recruit/2007/03/24/1174597954761.html|work=[[The Age]]|date=25 March 2007|accessdate=25 November 2007}}</ref> However, later that day Combet told ''[[The Age]]'' newspaper that he was not planning an entry into federal politics at the 2007 election, preferring instead to continue leading the ACTU's campaign against the industrial relations law changes.<ref>{{cite news|first=Royce|last=Millar|coauthors=Nicholson, Brendan|title=Combet rejects rumours of standing for safe seat|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/combet-rejects-rumours-of-standing-for-safe-seat/2007/03/25/1174761282580.html|work=[[The Age]]|date=26 March 2007|accessdate=25 November 2007}}</ref> On 4 May 2007, Combet confirmed his intention to run for Charlton.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200705/s1914175.htm Combet confirms he'll stand for ALP], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], 4 May 2007.</ref> The sitting member for Charlton, [[Kelly Hoare]], expressed anger at losing preselection for her seat,<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2007/s1939321.htm Combet painted as Charlton outsider], ''[[The 7:30 Report]]'', 31 May 2007</ref> and for a time considered running as an independent.
On 4 May 2007 Combet announced his intention to run for the safe Labor seat of Charlton in [[Newcastle, New South Wales]].<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200705/s1914175.htm Combet confirms he'll stand for ALP], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], 4 May 2007.</ref> The sitting member for Charlton, [[Kelly Hoare]], expressed anger at losing preselection for her seat,<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2007/s1939321.htm Combet painted as Charlton outsider], ''[[The 7:30 Report]]'', 31 May 2007</ref> and for a time considered running as an [[Independent politician|independent]].


Combet stood down as ACTU Secretary to campaign full-time in Charlton in the lead up to the federal election. On 14 June 2007 [[Jeff Lawrence (unionist)|Jeff Lawrence]], National Secretary of the [[United Voice|Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union]] (LHMU) was elected unopposed as the next Secretary of the ACTU.<ref>{{cite news|first=Meaghan|last=Shaw|title=Little-known Lawrence confirmed as ACTU head|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/littleknown-lawrence-confirmed-as-actu-head/2007/06/13/1181414376500.html|work=[[The Age]]|date=13 June 2007|access-date=25 November 2007}}</ref>
[[Image:GregCombet.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Greg Combet speaking in November 2005, shortly after the Government introduced its [[WorkChoices]] legislation]]


[[File:Greg Combet.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Combet speaking at the Your Rights at Work rally in Melbourne, 15 November 2005]]
Combet stood down as ACTU Secretary to campaign full time in Charlton in the lead up to the federal election. On 14 June 2007 [[Jeff Lawrence (unionist)|Jeff Lawrence]], National Secretary of the [[Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union]] (LHMU) was elected unopposed as the next Secretary of the ACTU.<ref>{{cite news|first=Meaghan|last=Shaw|title=Little-known Lawrence confirmed as ACTU head|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/littleknown-lawrence-confirmed-as-actu-head/2007/06/13/1181414376500.html|work=[[The Age]]|date=13 June 2007|accessdate=25 November 2007}}</ref>
[[File:Greg Combet explaining carbon tax.jpg|thumb|right|Combet explaining the effects of the proposed [[carbon price|carbon pricing]] mechanism in 2011 during a public forum at [[Petersham, New South Wales|Petersham]] town hall]]


Combet was elected as the new member for Charlton on 24 November 2007 as part of the ALP's victory in the [[2007 Australian federal election]], achieving a two party preferred swing of 4.47 per cent, winning 62.87 per cent of the two party vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-13745-110.htm |title=NSW Division – Charlton |access-date=27 January 2008 |date=13 December 2007 |publisher=[[Australian Electoral Commission]]}}</ref> Following the election, Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]] appointed Combet as Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Procurement in the [[First Rudd Ministry]]. He was sworn in on 3 December 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rudd Ministry |publisher=[[Government of Australia]] |url=http://www.pmc.gov.au/parliamentary/docs/ministry_list_2007.pdf|access-date=27 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414012112/http://www.pmc.gov.au/parliamentary/docs/ministry_list_2007.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In February 2009, Combet was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change, with a focus on emissions trading, to assist Climate Change Minister Senator [[Penny Wong]].
[[Image:Greg Combet.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Greg Combet speaking at the Your Rights at Work rally in Melbourne, 15 November 2005]]
[[File:Greg Combet explaining carbon tax.jpg|thumb|right|Combet explaining the effects of the proposed carbon tax in 2011 during a public forum at [[Petersham, New South Wales|Petersham]] town hall.]]


As a result of the resignation of Defence Minister [[Joel Fitzgibbon]] and the subsequent ministerial reshuffle, Combet was promoted to the ministry on 6 June 2009, as Minister for Defence Personnel, Materiel and Science and Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change. Combet's portfolio was amended into April 2010 to Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and Minister for Defence Materiel and Science<ref>[http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/member.asp?id=YW6 Parliament of Australia, House of Representatives 2 July 2010.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008063424/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/member.asp?id=YW6 |date=8 October 2010 }}</ref> and to help him focus on the Government's [[efficient energy use|energy efficiency]] programs, he axed part of this scheme—[[Energy Efficient Homes Package|Home Insulation Program]] (HIP) in late April due to the safety risks and the blow-out in funding.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/01/2862349.htm |title=Combet moved out of Defence portfolio |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=1 April 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/22/2879967.htm |title=Combet defends insulation backflip |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |first=Emma |last=Rodgers |date=22 April 2010 }}</ref>
Combet was elected as the new member for Charlton on 24 November 2007 as part of the ALP's victory in the [[Australian federal election, 2007|2007 Australian federal election]], achieving a two party preferred swing of 4.47 percent, winning 62.87 percent of the two party vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.aec.gov.au/13745/website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-13745-110.htm |title=NSW Division – Charlton |accessdate=27 January 2008 |last= |first= |coauthors= |date=13 December 2007 |work= |publisher=[[Australian Electoral Commission]]}}</ref> Following the election, Prime Minister [[Kevin Rudd]] appointed Combet as Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Procurement in the [[First Rudd Ministry]]. He was sworn in on 3 December 2007.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Rudd Ministry
|publisher=[[Government of Australia]]
|url=http://www.pmc.gov.au/parliamentary/docs/ministry_list_2007.pdf
|format=PDF
|accessdate=27 January 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080414012112/http://www.pmc.gov.au/parliamentary/docs/ministry_list_2007.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 14 April 2008}}</ref> In February 2009, Combet was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change, with a focus on emissions trading, to assist Climate Change Minister Senator [[Penny Wong]].


Combet was re-elected to Charlton at the [[2010 Australian federal election|2010 federal election]], suffering a post-redistribution two party swing of 0.24 per cent, winning 62.67 per cent of the two party vote.<ref>[http://results.aec.gov.au/15508/Website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-15508-110.htm Charlton 2010 election results: AEC]</ref> After Labor was returned to government in this election, Combet entered Cabinet, succeeding Wong as Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency. Following the passage of the government's Clean Energy Bill, the portfolio of Industry and Innovation was added to Combet's responsibilities. Combet had decided to step down over health concerns prior to Prime Minister Gillard's defeat in a [[June 2013 Australian Labor Party leadership spill|leadership spill]] on 26 June 2013, but brought this decision forward and announced he would step down as minister and not contest his seat in the upcoming election.<ref name="ABC2013-06-26"/><ref name="Age2013-06-26"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kelly|first1=Paul|title=Triumph and Demise: The Broken Promise of a Labor Generation|date=2014|publisher=Melbourne University Press|location=Melbourne|isbn=978-0-522-86210-2|page=470}}</ref> The seat of Charlton was subsequently won for the ALP by Combet's former advisor and chief-of-staff [[Pat Conroy (politician)|Pat Conroy]].<ref name=herald>{{cite news |url=https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/1761912/charlton-conroy-to-stick-to-local-issues/?cs=12 |title=CHARLTON: Conroy to stick to local issues |work=Newcastle Herald |date=8 September 2013 |author1=Kelly, Matthew |access-date=14 September 2013 }}</ref>
As a result of the resignation of Defence Minister [[Joel Fitzgibbon]] and the subsequent ministerial reshuffle, Combet was promoted to the outer ministry on 6 June 2009, as Minister for Defence Personnel, Materiel and Science and Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change. Combet's portfolio was amended in April 2010 to Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and Minister for Defence Materiel and Science<ref>[http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/member.asp?id=YW6 Parliament of Australia, House of Representatives 2 July 2010.]</ref> and to help him focus on the Government's energy efficiency programs, he axed part of this scheme – [[Energy Efficient Homes Package|Home Insulation Program]] (HIP) in late April due to the safety risks and the blow out in funding.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/01/2862349.htm Combet moved out of Defence portfolio], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], 1 April 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/04/22/2879967.htm Combet defends insulation backflip], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], 22 April 2010.</ref>


==Subsequent activities==
Combet was re-elected to Charlton at the [[Australian federal election, 2010|2010 federal election]], suffering a post-redistribution two party swing of 0.24 percent, winning 62.67 percent of the two party vote.<ref>[http://results.aec.gov.au/15508/Website/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-15508-110.htm Charlton 2010 election results: AEC]</ref> After Labor was returned to government in this election, Combet entered Cabinet, succeeding Wong as Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency. Following the passage of the government's Clean Energy Bill, the portfolio of Industry and Innovation was added to Combet's responsibilities.


Since leaving parliament, Combet has worked as a consultant to unions, governments and business and as a company director. Combet worked primarily with industry superannuation funds from 2013 to 2024 and in December 2018 became chair of [[Industry Super Australia]] and Chair of [[IFM Investors]], a global asset management business owned by the industry superannuation funds.
==Personal==
Combet is a director of the [[Chifley Research Centre]].


In 2020, in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Combet was appointed to "provide strategic and policy advice" for the Liberal Morrison government.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCulloch |first1=Daniel |title=Former union boss gets virus workforce gig |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/former-union-boss-gets-virus-workforce-gig-021426625--spt.html |website=Yahoo! News |publisher=AAP |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>
On 12 June 2006, in the Queen's Birthday Honours List, he was made a Member (AM) of the [[Order of Australia]].<ref name=AM>[http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1132872&search_type=simple&showInd=true It's an Honour] – Member of the Order of Australia – 12 June 2006<br>Citation: ''For service to industrial relations and through advocacy for the improved health and safety of workers, including people affected by asbestos-related diseases, and to the community.''</ref>


Combet, writing in ''[[The Guardian]]'' in late‑2021, describes Australia's failed climate policies and argues that a sensible [[energy transition]] is indeed possible. In 2023 he was appointed by Australian Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, to chair the Net Zero Economy Agency to oversee the transformation of the economy to net zero emissions. <ref name="combet-2021">
Combet is separated from Petra Hilsen and has one daughter, one stepdaughter and one stepson.
{{cite news
| last1 = Combet | first1 = Greg
| title = Decarbonisation offers Australia immense opportunities: we just need leadership
| date = 2 November 2021
| work = [[The Guardian]]
| location = London
| issn = 0261-3077
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/02/decarbonisation-offers-australia-immense-opportunities-we-just-need-leadership
| access-date = 2021-11-02
}}
</ref>

Combet will become [[chairman]] of the [[Future Fund]] in February 2024.<ref>[https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/new-future-fund-boss-is-greg-combet-20240129-p5f0pj Greg Combet announced as new Future Fund boss] ''[[Australian Financial Review]]'' 29 January 2024</ref>

==Personal life==
On 12 June 2006, Combet was appointed a Member of the [[Order of Australia]] for service to industrial relations and through advocacy for the improved health and safety of workers, including people affected by asbestos-related diseases, and to the community.<ref name=AM>{{cite web |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1132872 |work=It's an Honour |title=COMBET, Gregory Ivan: Member of the Order of Australia |date=12 June 2006 |publisher=[[Commonwealth of Australia]] |access-date=26 June 2013 }}</ref> He was promoted to Officer of the Order of Australia in the [[2024 King's Birthday Honours (Australia)|2024 King's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Honourable Gregory Ivan Combet AM |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/3026408 |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Australian Honours Search Facility}}</ref>

Combet is separated from his second wife and in 2012 began a relationship with [[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC-TV]] newsreader [[Juanita Phillips]], who he lives with on the [[Northern Beaches]].<ref name=Marquand>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/abc-news-presenter-juanita-phillips-and-climate-change-minister-greg-combet-are-australias-newest-power-couple/story-e6freuy9-1226483752052 |title=ABC news presenter Juanita Phillips and climate change minister Greg Combet are Australia's newest power couple |work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]] |date=29 September 2012 |first=Sarrah |last=Le Marquand }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Norington |first=Brad |date=12 November 2018 |title=ABC-linked Combet’s behind-scenes role in Foley imbroglio |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_MRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Fabclinked-combets-behindscenes-role-in-foley-imbroglio%2Fnews-story%2F324781b5884a544c23a7038e62f42bdc&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium |work=[[The Australian]] |location= |access-date=19 October 2024}}</ref>


Combet is the son of a winemaker and grew up on the Penfolds Minchinbury Estate in western Sydney. He is well known for breeding [[Gouldian finch]]es.
Combet has stated that he is an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/national/pollies-in-the-nogod-squad-20100313-q547.html Pollies in the no-God squad], ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'', 14 March 2010</ref>


In 2014, Combet published his autobiography ''The Fights of My Life''.<ref>Combet, Greg (2014). The Fights of My Life. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. {{ISBN|9780522866179}}.</ref>
In 2012, Combet began a relationship with high-profile ABC newsreader, [[Juanita Phillips]].<ref>[http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/abc-news-presenter-juanita-phillips-and-climate-change-minister-greg-combet-are-australias-newest-power-couple/story-e6freuy9-1226483752052 Australia's newest power couple, ''[[The_Daily_Telegraph_(Australia)]]'', 29 September 2012]</ref>


In the 2007 [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] television series ''[[Bastard Boys]]'', dramatising the [[1998 Australian waterfront dispute]], in which Combet was heavily involved, the role of Combet was played by [[Daniel Frederiksen]].
In the 2007 ABC-TV series ''[[Bastard Boys]]'', dramatising the [[1998 Australian waterfront dispute]], in which Combet was heavily involved, the role of Combet was played by [[Daniel Frederiksen]].


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Rudd Ministry]]
* [[First Rudd Ministry]]
* [[First Gillard Ministry]]
* [[First Gillard Ministry]]
* [[Second Gillard Ministry]]
* [[Second Gillard Ministry]]
Line 91: Line 128:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Greg Combet}}
{{Commons category|Greg Combet}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100924044817/http://www.nswalp.com/labor-people/6/16/greg-combet-mp Profile] at [[Australian Labor Party (NSW)|NSW Labor Party]]
*[http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/member.asp?id=YW6 Hon Greg Combet AM, MP] official [[Parliament of Australia]] site
*[http://www.climatechange.gov.au/minister.aspx The Hon Greg Combet AM MP] official [[Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency]] site
*[http://www.gregcombet.com.au/ Greg Combet AM MP] official constituency site
*[http://www.nswalp.com/labor-people/6/16/greg-combet-mp Profile] at [[Australian Labor Party (NSW)|NSW Labor Party]]
* {{OpenAustralia}}
* {{OpenAustralia}}
*[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=164393 Greg Combet] at OurCampaigns.com
*[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=164393 Greg Combet] at OurCampaigns.com
*[http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/mp-profiles/char.htm Profile] at ''[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]''
*[http://www.abc.net.au/tv/qanda/mp-profiles/char.htm Profile] at ''[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]''
*[http://www.npc.org.au/speakerarchive/gregcom.html The Hon Greg Combet AM MP] speech to the [[National Press Club of Australia]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100824215348/http://www.npc.org.au/speakerarchive/gregcom.html The Hon Greg Combet AM MP] speech to the [[National Press Club of Australia]]
* [http://www.actu.asn.au/about/whoswho.html Profile]{{dead link|date=December 2010}} at [[ACTU]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091029044608/http://www.actu.asn.au/about/whoswho.html Profile] at [[ACTU]]
* [http://www.rightsatwork.com.au/ Your Rights At Work]
* [http://www.rightsatwork.com.au/ Your Rights At Work]


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{Succession box | title= Secretary of the [[Australian Council of Trade Unions]] | years= 2000 - 2007 | before= [[Bill Kelty]] | after= [[Jeff Lawrence (unionist)|Jeff Lawrence]] }}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | title= [[Minister for Defence Materiel and Science (Australia)|Minister for Defence Materiel and Science]] | before= [[Warren Snowdon]] | years=2009–2010 |after=[[Jason Clare]]}}
{{incumbent succession box | title= [[Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (Australia)|Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency]] | before=[[Penny Wong]] | start=2010 }}
{{s-par|au}}
{{s-par|au}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kelly Hoare]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kelly Hoare]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member for [[Division of Charlton|Charlton]]|years=2007–present}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Member of Parliament|Member of Parliament for]] [[Division of Charlton|Charlton]]|years=2007–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pat Conroy (politician)|Pat Conroy]]}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | title= [[Minister for Defence Materiel and Science (Australia)|Minister for Defence Materiel and Science]] | before= [[Warren Snowdon]] | years=2009–2010 |after=[[Jason Clare]]}}
{{succession box | title= [[Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (Australia)|Minister for Energy and Climate Change]] | before=[[Penny Wong]] | years=2010–2013 |after=[[Mark Butler]] }}
{{succession box | title= [[Minister for Industry and Innovation (Australia)|Minister for Industry and Innovation]] | before=[[Kim Carr]] | years=2011–2013 |after= [[Kim Carr]] }}
{{s-npo|union}}
{{Succession box | title= Secretary of the [[Australian Council of Trade Unions]] | years= 2000–2007 | before= [[Bill Kelty]] | after= [[Jeff Lawrence (unionist)|Jeff Lawrence]] }}
{{end}}
{{end}}


{{Gillard Ministry}}
{{Gillard Ministry}}
{{Current Australian Cabinet}}
{{Current New South Wales Representatives}}
{{ACTU Secretaries}}
{{ACTU Secretaries}}


{{authority control}}
{{Persondata

|NAME=Combet, Greg Ivan
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Australian politicians
|DATE OF BIRTH=28 April 1958
|PLACE OF BIRTH=Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Combet, Greg}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Combet, Greg}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sydney]]
[[Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia]]
[[Category:Australian atheists]]
[[Category:Australian mining engineers]]
[[Category:Australian Labor Party politicians]]
[[Category:Australian trade unionists]]
[[Category:Australian people of French descent]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Charlton]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Charlton]]
[[Category:Australian trade unionists]]
[[Category:Australian labour movement]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of Australia]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of Australia]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:People from the Northern Beaches]]
[[Category:People educated at Baulkham Hills High School]]
[[Category:Politicians from Sydney]]
[[Category:University of New South Wales alumni]]
[[Category:University of New South Wales alumni]]
[[Category:University of Sydney alumni]]
[[Category:University of Sydney alumni]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Australia]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Australian Council of Trade Unions people]]

Latest revision as of 13:36, 19 October 2024

The Honourable
Greg Combet
AO
Minister for Industry and Innovation
In office
14 December 2011 – 26 June 2013
Prime MinisterJulia Gillard
Preceded byKim Carr
Succeeded byKim Carr
Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency
In office
14 September 2010 – 26 June 2013
Prime MinisterJulia Gillard
Preceded byPenny Wong
Succeeded byMark Butler
Minister for Defence Materiel and Science
In office
9 June 2009 – 14 September 2010
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
Julia Gillard
Preceded byWarren Snowdon
Succeeded byJason Clare
Member of the Australian Parliament
for Charlton
In office
24 November 2007 – 5 August 2013
Preceded byKelly Hoare
Succeeded byPat Conroy
7th Secretary of the ACTU
In office
February 2000 – June 2007
PresidentJennie George
Sharan Burrow
Preceded byBill Kelty
Succeeded byJeff Lawrence
Personal details
Born
Gregory Ivan Combet

(1958-04-28) 28 April 1958 (age 66)
Sydney, New South Wales
NationalityAustralian
Political partyAustralian Labor Party
Children1 daughter, 2 stepdaughters, 2 stepsons
Alma materUniversity of New South Wales
University of Sydney
ProfessionTrade unionist,
politician

Gregory Ivan Combet AO (/ˈkɒmbeɪ/; born 28 April 1958) is the chairman of Australia’s sovereign wealth fund, the Future Fund. Prior to this he served as chair of the Australian Government Net Zero Economy Agency, overseeing the economic transformation from fossil fuels to renewable energy and net zero emissions.

Combet is an Australian labour movement leader. He is a former Labor politician and Cabinet Minister, former Secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions, former leader of profit-to-member superannuation funds and chair of investment manager IFM Investors.

Combet holds degrees in Mining Engineering and Economics, has a graduate diploma in Labour Relations and the Law, and has been awarded honorary doctorates from the University of South Australia, the University of Newcastle, and an honorary doctorate of engineering from the University of New South Wales.

He was elected member for the New South Wales Federal seat of Charlton for the Australian Labor Party at the 2007 election and was immediately appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Procurement in the First Rudd Ministry on 3 December 2007. Combet was the Minister for Climate Change, Industry and Innovation in the Second Gillard Ministry[1] before announcing his resignation from the ministry on 26 June 2013[2][3] following Julia Gillard's defeat in a leadership ballot. He previously served as Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change, when Penny Wong was the Minister.

He retired from politics at the 2013 election.[4] In 2020, Combet was appointed to the National COVID-19 Coordination Commission to "provide strategic and policy advice" for the Morrison Coalition government.[5]

Early life

[edit]

Greg Combet was born in Sydney and attended Eastern Creek Primary school, then Rooty Hill High School from years 7 to 10.[6] He completed his secondary education at Baulkham Hills High School.[6] He was later educated at the University of New South Wales where he studied mining engineering,[7] and then graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Economics, and a Graduate Diploma in Labour Relations and the Law. He was a project officer for the New South Wales Tenants' Union, before working for the Lidcombe Workers' Health Centre. In 1987, he was employed by the Waterside Workers' Federation, now part of the Maritime Union of Australia.

Union activity

[edit]

Combet's association with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) began in 1993 when he became a Senior Industrial Officer. In 1996 he was elected Assistant Secretary and in 1999 following the retirement of Bill Kelty, he became Secretary. Over his time at the ACTU, Combet has co-ordinated many union campaigns, and rose to prominence during the 1998 Australian waterfront dispute. Combet also led successful campaigns to secure entitlements and compensation for the staff of the collapsed airline Ansett Australia and asbestos victims of the James Hardie company. In his capacity as Secretary of the ACTU, Combet led the Rights at Work campaign against the Howard government's WorkChoices industrial relations law changes.

Parliament

[edit]
Combet speaking in November 2005, shortly after the Government introduced its WorkChoices legislation

On 4 May 2007 Combet announced his intention to run for the safe Labor seat of Charlton in Newcastle, New South Wales.[8] The sitting member for Charlton, Kelly Hoare, expressed anger at losing preselection for her seat,[9] and for a time considered running as an independent.

Combet stood down as ACTU Secretary to campaign full-time in Charlton in the lead up to the federal election. On 14 June 2007 Jeff Lawrence, National Secretary of the Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union (LHMU) was elected unopposed as the next Secretary of the ACTU.[10]

Combet speaking at the Your Rights at Work rally in Melbourne, 15 November 2005
Combet explaining the effects of the proposed carbon pricing mechanism in 2011 during a public forum at Petersham town hall

Combet was elected as the new member for Charlton on 24 November 2007 as part of the ALP's victory in the 2007 Australian federal election, achieving a two party preferred swing of 4.47 per cent, winning 62.87 per cent of the two party vote.[11] Following the election, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd appointed Combet as Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Procurement in the First Rudd Ministry. He was sworn in on 3 December 2007.[12] In February 2009, Combet was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change, with a focus on emissions trading, to assist Climate Change Minister Senator Penny Wong.

As a result of the resignation of Defence Minister Joel Fitzgibbon and the subsequent ministerial reshuffle, Combet was promoted to the ministry on 6 June 2009, as Minister for Defence Personnel, Materiel and Science and Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change. Combet's portfolio was amended into April 2010 to Minister Assisting the Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and Minister for Defence Materiel and Science[13] and to help him focus on the Government's energy efficiency programs, he axed part of this scheme—Home Insulation Program (HIP) in late April due to the safety risks and the blow-out in funding.[14][15]

Combet was re-elected to Charlton at the 2010 federal election, suffering a post-redistribution two party swing of 0.24 per cent, winning 62.67 per cent of the two party vote.[16] After Labor was returned to government in this election, Combet entered Cabinet, succeeding Wong as Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency. Following the passage of the government's Clean Energy Bill, the portfolio of Industry and Innovation was added to Combet's responsibilities. Combet had decided to step down over health concerns prior to Prime Minister Gillard's defeat in a leadership spill on 26 June 2013, but brought this decision forward and announced he would step down as minister and not contest his seat in the upcoming election.[2][3][17] The seat of Charlton was subsequently won for the ALP by Combet's former advisor and chief-of-staff Pat Conroy.[18]

Subsequent activities

[edit]

Since leaving parliament, Combet has worked as a consultant to unions, governments and business and as a company director. Combet worked primarily with industry superannuation funds from 2013 to 2024 and in December 2018 became chair of Industry Super Australia and Chair of IFM Investors, a global asset management business owned by the industry superannuation funds.

In 2020, in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Combet was appointed to "provide strategic and policy advice" for the Liberal Morrison government.[19]

Combet, writing in The Guardian in late‑2021, describes Australia's failed climate policies and argues that a sensible energy transition is indeed possible. In 2023 he was appointed by Australian Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, to chair the Net Zero Economy Agency to oversee the transformation of the economy to net zero emissions. [20]

Combet will become chairman of the Future Fund in February 2024.[21]

Personal life

[edit]

On 12 June 2006, Combet was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for service to industrial relations and through advocacy for the improved health and safety of workers, including people affected by asbestos-related diseases, and to the community.[22] He was promoted to Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2024 King's Birthday Honours.[23]

Combet is separated from his second wife and in 2012 began a relationship with ABC-TV newsreader Juanita Phillips, who he lives with on the Northern Beaches.[24][25]

Combet is the son of a winemaker and grew up on the Penfolds Minchinbury Estate in western Sydney. He is well known for breeding Gouldian finches.

In 2014, Combet published his autobiography The Fights of My Life.[26]

In the 2007 ABC-TV series Bastard Boys, dramatising the 1998 Australian waterfront dispute, in which Combet was heavily involved, the role of Combet was played by Daniel Frederiksen.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Gillard announces her team". Brisbane Times. AAP. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  2. ^ a b Griffith, Emma (26 June 2013). "Kevin Rudd defeats Julia Gillard 57-45 in Labor leadership ballot, paving way for a return to PM". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  3. ^ a b Peatling, Stephanie (26 June 2013). "Politics live: June 26, 2013". The Age. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  4. ^ Federal Labor frontbencher Greg Combet to retire from politics, ABC News, 29 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013
  5. ^ "NATIONAL COVID-19 COORDINATION COMMISSION | Prime Minister of Australia".
  6. ^ a b Stavrou, Nikolaos (21 July 2010). "Shining Star - Tireless Pursuit of Justice". Mt Druitt St Marys Standard. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  7. ^ Greg Combet's MP website Archived 13 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 27 June 2010.
  8. ^ Combet confirms he'll stand for ALP, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 4 May 2007.
  9. ^ Combet painted as Charlton outsider, The 7:30 Report, 31 May 2007
  10. ^ Shaw, Meaghan (13 June 2007). "Little-known Lawrence confirmed as ACTU head". The Age. Retrieved 25 November 2007.
  11. ^ "NSW Division – Charlton". Australian Electoral Commission. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  12. ^ "Rudd Ministry" (PDF). Government of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  13. ^ Parliament of Australia, House of Representatives 2 July 2010. Archived 8 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Combet moved out of Defence portfolio". ABC News. Australia. 1 April 2010.
  15. ^ Rodgers, Emma (22 April 2010). "Combet defends insulation backflip". ABC News. Australia.
  16. ^ Charlton 2010 election results: AEC
  17. ^ Kelly, Paul (2014). Triumph and Demise: The Broken Promise of a Labor Generation. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-522-86210-2.
  18. ^ Kelly, Matthew (8 September 2013). "CHARLTON: Conroy to stick to local issues". Newcastle Herald. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  19. ^ McCulloch, Daniel. "Former union boss gets virus workforce gig". Yahoo! News. AAP. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  20. ^ Combet, Greg (2 November 2021). "Decarbonisation offers Australia immense opportunities: we just need leadership". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  21. ^ Greg Combet announced as new Future Fund boss Australian Financial Review 29 January 2024
  22. ^ "COMBET, Gregory Ivan: Member of the Order of Australia". It's an Honour. Commonwealth of Australia. 12 June 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  23. ^ "The Honourable Gregory Ivan Combet AM". Australian Honours Search Facility. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  24. ^ Le Marquand, Sarrah (29 September 2012). "ABC news presenter Juanita Phillips and climate change minister Greg Combet are Australia's newest power couple". The Daily Telegraph.
  25. ^ Norington, Brad (12 November 2018). "ABC-linked Combet's behind-scenes role in Foley imbroglio". The Australian. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  26. ^ Combet, Greg (2014). The Fights of My Life. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 9780522866179.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greg Combet.
Parliament of Australia
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Charlton
2007–2013 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Minister for Defence Materiel and Science
2009–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Energy and Climate Change
2010–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Industry and Innovation
2011–2013 		Succeeded by
Trade union offices
Preceded by Secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions
2000–2007 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Greg_Combet&oldid=1252041458"