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{{short description|American animation filmmaker (born 1953)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = John Musker
| name = John Musker
|image =
| image = John Musker 01.jpg
| caption = Musker at the 2016 [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]]
|caption =
| birth_name = John Edward Musker
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1953|11|8}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1953|11|8}}
|birth_place = [[Chicago, Illinois]]
| birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S.
|occupation = Animator, Film director, Producer, Screenwriter
| alma_mater = [[Northwestern University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}<br />[[California Institute of the Arts]] {{small|([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]])}}
|employer = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Animator|film director|screenwriter|film producer}}
| years_active = 1977–present
| employer =
| spouse = Gale Musker
| children = 3
| signature = Signature John Musker.jpg
}}
}}
'''John Edward Musker''' (born November 8, 1953) is an American animator, film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He often collaborates with fellow director [[Ron Clements]] and is best known for writing and directing the [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney animated]] films ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'' (1986), ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' (1992), ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' (1997), ''[[Treasure Planet]]'' (2002), ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009), and ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]'' (2016).
'''John Musker''' (born November 8, 1953) is an American animation director. Along with [[Ron Clements]], he makes up the duo of one of the Disney animation studio's leading director teams.


==Life and career==
==Early life==
Musker was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second<ref name=CSTJoanMusker /><ref name=CTRobertMusker>{{cite news|title=Death Notice: ROBERT J. MUSKER|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2008/11/24/death-notice-albert-h-silverman-phd/|access-date=March 21, 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|date=November 24, 2008}}</ref> oldest of eight children in an [[Irish Catholic]] family. His father, Robert J. Musker, who worked for over 40 years at [[Illinois Bell|Illinois Bell Telephone]], died in 2008 at the age of 84,<ref name=CTRobertMusker /> and his mother, Joan T. Musker (née Lally), died in 2011 at the age of 81.<ref name=CSTJoanMusker>{{cite web|title=Joan Musker Obituary|url=http://legacy.suntimes.com/obituaries/chicagosuntimes/obituary.aspx?n=joan-musker&pid=148635681|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times.com|access-date=March 21, 2015|date=February 15, 2011}}</ref>
Musker was born in Chicago, Illinois, the oldest of eight children in an [[Irish Catholic]] family.<ref>[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/12473894.html?dids=12473894:12473894&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+15%2C+1997&author=Dan+Dinello.+Special+to+the+Tribune.&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=ANIMANIAC++JOHN+MUSKER+BRINGS+CHICAGO+SENSIBILITY%2C+MADCAP+STYLE+TO+DISNEY&pqatl=google]</ref> He first met Ron Clements during the production of ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' in 1981, where he worked as a character animator under Clements and Cliff Nordberg. Musker later worked with Clements again on the ambitious animated flop ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' in 1985. In 1986 he made his directorial debut with Clements and two other collaborators on the feature ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]''.


He attended Loyola Academy in Illinois and then graduated from the [[Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences]] at [[Northwestern University]],<ref name=WCoAS>{{cite web|last=Deneen|first=Nancy|title=The Animated Life of John Musker, Class of 1975|url=http://www.weinberg.northwestern.edu/alumni/crosscurrents/archive/2008-2009-fall-winter/musker.html|publisher=Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences|access-date=October 30, 2013|date=2008|archive-date=October 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020173203/http://www.weinberg.northwestern.edu/alumni/crosscurrents/archive/2008-2009-fall-winter/musker.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> where he majored in English and drew cartoons for the ''Daily Northwestern''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Animation and America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jhgXnXaOvlwC |publisher = Edinburgh University Press |date=2002-01-01 |isbn=978-1853312038 |language=en |first=Paul |last=Wells}}</ref> After that, he obtained his Master of Fine Arts at CALARTS, [[California Institute of the Arts]] in Santa Clarita. There he served a two-year apprenticeship with famed animator [[Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas]], a supervising animator of Disney films such as ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' (1953), ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' (1955), and ''[[The Aristocats]]'' (1970).
Together, Musker and Clements wrote and directed ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989, a touching retelling of the [[Hans Christian Andersen]] tale. With Oscar-winning songs by [[Alan Menken]] and [[Howard Ashman]], the film was a huge success, bringing back critical and commercial clout for feature animation. Later on, the two wrote, directed, and produced ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' in 1992, which was an even larger success. They also directed ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' in 1997, which was not as successful as the previous two films but was still profitable.


==Career==
Their next directorial collaboration would be the [[sci-fi]] ''[[Treasure Planet]]'' in 2002, which was a critical success, but a box office flop. The film lacked the songs and colorful characters which were crucial to the success of ''Aladdin'' and ''The Little Mermaid'' although the film was nominated [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature|an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature]].
Musker met Ron Clements during the production of ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' in 1981, where he worked as a character animator under Clements and Cliff Nordberg. Musker teamed up with Clements as story artists on ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' before they were removed from the project.{{sfn|Thomas|1997|p=117}}


Following the [[green-light]]ing of Clements's pitch for an adaptation of the children's book series ''[[Basil of Baker Street]]'' by [[Eve Titus]] into an animated feature, Musker and fellow story artist [[Burny Mattinson]] were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was brought in as an additional director. Due to a shortened production schedule and multiple story rewrites, [[Roy E. Disney]] assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer while Ron Clements was brought in as another director.<ref>{{cite news |last=Korkis |first=Jim |title=How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part One |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/alliance/destinations/mouseplanet/post/2011/02/How-Basil-Saved-Disney-Feature-Animation-Part-One/144296/1|newspaper=[[USA Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712004433/http://travel.usatoday.com/alliance/destinations/mouseplanet/post/2011/02/How-Basil-Saved-Disney-Feature-Animation-Part-One/144296/1|date=February 23, 2011 |archive-date=July 12, 2014 |access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>
However, after Disney's acquisition of [[Pixar]] in early 2006, the studio has rekindled interest towards 2-D animation thanks to new leaders [[John Lasseter]] and [[Edwin Catmull]]. A new 2-D animated feature, ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'', was released in 2009, with Musker and Clements directing and [[Randy Newman]] handling the music. The film returns to the Broadway-style musical, like ''Aladdin'', ''The Little Mermaid'' and other successful Disney animated films of the late 1980s and early 1990s.
While working on ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'', newly appointed Disney CEO and chairman [[Michael Eisner]] and [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] issued invitations to the animation staff for their first held "gong show" session. Demanding only five new ideas, Clements pitched an adaptation of [[Hans Christian Andersen]]'s ''[[The Little Mermaid]]'' and a [[high-concept]] idea of ''[[Treasure Planet|Treasure Island in Space]]'', which were both rejected by Katzenberg and Eisner. The next morning, Katzenberg approached Clements and asked him to expand his initial treatment.{{sfn|Stewart|2005|p=95}}<ref name="icmag">{{cite web|url=https://indie-cinema.com/2024/09/interview-with-film-director-and-animation-legend-john-musker/|work=Indie Cinema Magazine|author=Diana Ringo|title=Interview with film director and animation legend John Musker|date=September 8, 2024}}</ref>


With ''The Little Mermaid'' in production in 1986, Musker joined Clements in expanding the original treatment into a twenty-page rough script, eliminating the role of the mermaid's grandmother and expanding the roles of the Merman King and the sea witch,<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Treasures Untold: The Making of Disney's "The Little Mermaid"|medium=Documentary film|location=''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' DVD|publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment|year=2006}}</ref> and were later joined by [[Off-Broadway]] musical composers [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]] who collaborated on the song and musical score.{{sfn|Stewart|2005|p=}} Released in November 1989, ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' was praised as a milestone in rebirth of Disney animation by film critics and collected a domestic gross of $84 million,{{sfn|Thomas|1997|p=120}} cumulatively receiving $184.2 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?view2=worldwide&yr=1989&p=.htm|title=1989 Worldwide Grosses|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>
In late 2012, the duo announced that they will be directing a new film in the future, but they have their lips sealed for the title, the plot, and the animation style. In July 2013, it was revealed that the film, titled ''Moana'', would be "a Polynesian tale involving the island folk and the idols made famous the world over," and that it is planned for 2018.<ref name=A113Slate>{{cite news|last=Jardine|first=William|title=Tonnes of New Details Revealed About Disney's Upcoming Slate!|url=http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|accessdate=July 11, 2013|newspaper=Big Screen Animation|date=July 11, 2013}}</ref>


When work on ''The Little Mermaid'' was wrapped, Clements and Musker re-developed their idea for ''Treasure Planet'',<ref name="treasure">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-06-fi-treasure6-story.html|last1=Verrier|first1=Richard|last2=Eller|first2=Claudia|title=Disney's 'Treasure Planet' an Adventure in Losing Money|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 6, 2002|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref> but the studio still expressed disinterest. Instead, the two directors were offered three projects in development: ''[[Swan Lake]]'', ''[[The Lion King#Development|King of the Jungle]]'', and ''[[Aladdin]]''.<ref>{{cite interview|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2015/10/13/aladdin-roundtable|interviewer=Josh Labrecque|title=Everything you ever wanted to know about Aladdin|subject1=Ron Clements|subject2=John Musker|date=October 13, 2015|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref> The directors eventually chose the latter, desiring a wacky, faster-paced, and more contemporary mood separate from the previous Disney animated films.<ref name="aladdin">{{cite news|last=Rhodes|first=Joe|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-11-08-ca-4-story.html|title=COVER STORY : What Would Walt Say? : The credits read Disney, but 'Aladdin' is a brand-new 'toon, an irreverent high-stakes gamble that veers sharply from tradition|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=November 8, 1992|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref><ref name="icmag"/>
== Films directed by John Musker & Ron Clements==


Working from Ashman and Menken's [[Film treatment|treatment]] and musical score, the two delivered a [[Storyboard#Animatics|story reel]] to Katzenberg in April 1991, which was strongly disapproved.<ref name="aladdin" /> Jettisoning multiple characters and story ideas and adding [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] and [[Terry Rossio]] as co-screenwriters, the production team restructured the entire story in eight days.<ref>{{Cite video | people = John Musker, Ron Clements, Eric Goldberg, Amy Pell, Ed Gombert, Terry Rossio, Ted Elliot | title = Reflections On Black Friday | location=''Aladdin: Platinum Edition''| medium = DVD | publisher = Walt Disney Home Video |date = 2004}}</ref> Released in November 1992, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' received positive reviews from critics, and became the first animated film to gross over $200 million domestically.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fox|first=David J.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-04-21-ca-25327-story.html|title='Aladdin' Becomes a $200-Million Genie for Disney|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 21, 1993|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>

Following work on ''Aladdin'', Clements, along with Musker, resumed their work on ''Treasure Planet'', which was again turned down by Katzenberg in 1993, who disapproved of setting the adaptation of a classic adventure tale in outer space.<ref name="treasure" /> A deal was struck with the two directors to create another commercial film before he would approve ''Treasure Planet''. Rejecting projects in development such as ''[[Don Quixote]]'', ''[[The Odyssey]]'', and ''[[Around the World in Eighty Days]]'', they were later informed of animator Joe Haidar's pitch for a ''Hercules'' feature, and signed onto the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laughingplace.com/News-PID115030-115034.asp | title=Who the hell do we get to play Hades?|publisher=Jim Hill Media|date=April 5, 2001|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>

During production on ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'', in 1995, Clements and Musker signed a seven-year contract deal with the studio which stipulated following ''Hercules'', the studio would produce ''Treasure Planet'' or another project of their choosing.<ref name="treasure" />

With ''Treasure Planet'' completed in 2002, Clements and Musker later inherited ''Fraidy Cat'', which was originally a project developed by Dutch animation director Piet Kroon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bad day in the barnyard|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-05-et-lowe5-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 5, 2004|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref> ''Fraidy Cat'', however, never saw its light of day, as [[David Stainton]], then-president of Walt Disney Feature Animation, refused to green-light the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2005/08/18/662.aspx| last=Hill | first=Jim | title=Why was the head of WDFA afraid to put "Fraidy Cat" into production?|publisher=Jim Hill Media| date=August 17, 2005 | access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref> It was soon followed with Clements and Musker's resignation from Walt Disney Feature Animation in September 2005.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sito|first=Tom|author-link=Tom Sito|title=The Late, Great, 2D Animation Renaissance — Part 2|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/late-great-2d-animation-renaissance-part-2|work=[[Animation World Network]]|date=March 14, 2006|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>

When [[John Lasseter]] was appointed [[chief creative officer]] over Walt Disney Feature Animation in February 2006, he invited Clements and Musker back to Disney to oversee production on ''The Frog Princess'',<ref>{{cite interview|title=An Interview with John Musker and Ron Clements|url=http://www.dvdizzy.com/princessandthefrog-interview.html|subject1=Ron Clements|subject2=John Musker|interviewer=Luke Bannano|work=DVD Dizzy|date=March 11, 2010|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref><ref name="icmag"/> and were officially confirmed as directors in the following July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/news/comic-con-sees-stars-2d-officially-back-disney|title=Comic-Con Sees Stars, 2D Officially Back at Disney|work=Animation World Network|date=July 23, 2006|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref> Later re-titled ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'', the film received positive reviews and grossed $267 million worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=princessandthefrog.htm|title=The Princess and the Frog (2009)|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]]|access-date=December 28, 2015}}</ref>

After directing ''The Princess and the Frog'', Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of [[Terry Pratchett]]'s ''[[Mort]]'',<ref>{{cite news|last=Connelly|first=Brendon|title=What Disney's Film Of Terry Pratchett's Mort Might Have Looked Like... And A Preview Of Things To Come|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2013/04/06/what-disneys-film-of-terry-pratchetts-mort-might-have-looked-like-and-a-preview-of-things-to-come/|access-date=December 28, 2015|newspaper=Bleeding Cool|date=April 6, 2013}}</ref> but obtaining the [[film rights]] prevented them from continuing with the project.<ref name=SCJClements /> To avoid similar problems, they pitched three new ideas, where by 2011, the two directors started developing the film based on an original idea.<ref name=SCJClements>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Bruce|title=Sioux City native Ron Clements preps new film for Disney studio|url=http://siouxcityjournal.com/entertainment/movies/sioux-city-native-ron-clements-preps-new-film-for-disney/article_90931eff-4f52-5bfe-8fed-20b21ac104b7.html|access-date=December 28, 2015|newspaper=Sioux City Journal|date=August 24, 2013}}</ref> In late 2012, the duo announced that they will be directing a new film in the future, but they have their lips sealed for the title, the plot, and the animation style.

In July 2013, it was revealed that the film, titled ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]'', would be "a Polynesian tale involving the island folk and the idols made famous the world over".<ref name=A113Slate>{{cite news|last=Jardine|first=William|title=Tonnes of New Details Revealed About Disney's Upcoming Slate!|url=http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|access-date=July 11, 2013|newspaper=Big Screen Animation|date=July 11, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712054307/http://www.a113animation.com/2013/07/new-details-revealed-about-disneys.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On November 10, 2014, Disney confirmed ''Moana'' would be released on November 23, 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lang|first1=Brent|title=Disney Animation's 'Zootopia,' 'Moana' Hitting Theaters in 2016|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/disney-animations-zootopia-moana-hitting-theaters-in-2016-1201352502/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=December 28, 2015|date=November 10, 2014}}</ref>

In March 2018, having worked at Disney for 40 years, Musker announced his retirement from Walt Disney Animation Studios.<ref>{{cite web|last=Amidi|first=Amid|url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/animators/john-musker-co-director-aladdin-moana-retires-disney-40-years-157319.html|title=John Musker, Co-Director Of 'Aladdin' And 'Moana,' Retires From Disney After 40 Years|publisher=[[Cartoon Brew]]|date=March 19, 2018|access-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref> In 2023 he released his short film ''I'm Hip'' which he animated by hand.<ref name="icmag"/>

==Personal life==
Musker is married to Gale.<ref name=CTMadcapStyle /> They have twin sons, Jackson and Patrick, and a daughter, Julia.<ref name=CTMadcapStyle>{{cite news|last1=Dinello|first1=Dan|title=John Musker Brings Chicago Sensibility, Madcap Style To Disney|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1997/06/15/animaniac-4/|access-date=March 20, 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|date=June 15, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320025648/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-06-15/news/9706150171_1_john-lasseter-john-musker-first-disney-film|archive-date=March 20, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> He also has sisters by the names of Patricia, Colleen, Kathleen, Maureen, and Terri, and two younger brothers, Robert and Martin.

==Filmography==

===Feature films===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2"|Year
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2"|Film
! Year
! colspan="6"|Credited as
! Film
|-
! [[Film director|Director]]
! [[Screenwriter|Writer]]
! [[Film producer|Producer]]
! [[Animator]]
! Other
! Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
| 1981
|[[1986 in film|1986]]
|''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]''
| ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes|Character}}
| {{No}}
|
|
|-
|-
| 1985
|[[1989 in film|1989]]
|''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''
| ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]''
| {{No}}
|
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Additional Story Contributor
|-
|-
| 1986
|[[1992 in film|1992]]
|''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]''
| ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]''
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes|Story}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Developer - Uncredited
|-
|-
| 1989
|[[1997 in film|1997]]
|''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]''
| ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''
| {{Yes}}
|
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|Various Voices - uncredited
|-
|-
| 1992
| ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes|Screenplay}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|Additional Voices - uncredited
|-
|-
| 1997
|[[2002 in film|2002]]
|''[[Treasure Planet]]''
| ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes|Screenplay}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Treasure Planet]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Developer - uncredited
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Bolt (2008 film)|Bolt]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Special Thanks
|-
| 2009
| ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Additional Voices
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Additional Visual Development Artist
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| rowspan="4" | Creative Leadership
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[Zootopia]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes|Story}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Ralph Breaks the Internet]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Aladdin (2019 film)|Aladdin]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| rowspan="2" | "Based on" credit
|-
| 2023
| ''[[The Little Mermaid (2023 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
|}

====Short films====
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2"|Year
! rowspan="2"|Film
! colspan="9"|Credited as
|-
! [[Film director|Director]]
! Other
! Notes
|-
| 1982
| ''Luau''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Role: Businessman
|-
| 2008
| ''Jack's Gift''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Role: Doctor 1
|-
| 2017
| ''Gone Fishing''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title='Moana' Sails Home on Digital HD February 21 and Blu-ray March 7|url=http://www.awn.com/news/moana-sails-home-digital-hd-february-21-and-blu-ray-march-7|publisher=Animation World Network|access-date=December 12, 2020|date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|
|
|-
|-
| 2019
|[[2009 in film|2009]]
| ''Mel''
|''[[The Princess and the Frog]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Special Thanks
|-
| 2023
| ''I'm Hip''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|
|-
|}

====Documentaries====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
| 2007
| ''[[The Pixar Story]]''
| rowspan=3 | Himself
|
|
|-
|-
| 2009
|[[2018 in film|2018]]
| ''[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]]''
|''[[Moana]]''<ref name=A113Slate /> <!-- which ones, hand-drawn or CGI? -->
| caricaturist
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Howard (film)|Howard]]''
|
|
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|- "
! Ceremony
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Edgar Award|Edgar Allan Poe Award]]
| Best Motion Picture
| {{center|''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]''}}
| {{nominated}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| {{center|[[Los Angeles Film Critics Association|Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award]]}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]]
| {{center|''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''}}
| {{won}}
|-
| {{center|''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]''}}
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |[[Annie Awards]]
| [[Annie Award for Directing in a Feature Production|Best Individual Achievement: Directing in a Feature Production]]
| rowspan="4"|{{center|''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]''}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Individual Achievement: Producing in a Feature Production
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Annie Award for Best Animated Feature|Best Animated Feature]]
| {{nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award
| Best Animated Film
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[Academy Awards]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature|Best Animated Feature]]
| {{center|''[[Treasure Planet]]''}}
| {{nominated}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |''[[The Princess and the Frog]]''
| {{nominated}}
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| [[African-American Film Critics Association Awards 2009|African-American Film Critics Association Award]]
| Best Screenplay
| {{won}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Academy Awards
| Best Animated Feature
| rowspan="3"|{{center|''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''}}
| {{nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Alliance of Women Film Journalists]]
| Best Animated Feature
| {{nominated}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Seattle Film Critics Awards
| Best Animated Feature
| {{nominated}}
|}
|}


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! ''[[The Princess and the Frog|The Princess<br>and the Frog]]''
! ''[[The Princess and the Frog|The Princess<br>and the Frog]]''
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last=Hulett|first=Steve|title=Mouse In Transition: An Insider's Look at Disney Feature Animation|publisher=Theme Park Press|date=December 4, 2014|isbn=978-1941500248}}
* {{cite book|last=Stewart|first=James|title=[[DisneyWar]]|year=2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|isbn=0-684-80993-1|author-link=James B. Stewart}}
* {{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Bob|title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse To Hercules|publisher=Disney Editions|date=March 7, 1997|isbn=978-0786862412}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|John Musker}}
*{{IMDb name|615780|John Musker}}
*{{IMDb name|615780|John Musker}}


{{Navboxes
{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}
|title = Awards for John Musker
{{Ron-John}}
|list =
{{Annie Award for Directing in an Animated Feature Production 1996–2010}}
{{Annie Award for Directing in an Animated Feature Production 1996–2010}}
{{Winsor McCay Award 2010s}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=14864511}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Musker, John
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =November 8, 1953
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Chicago, Illinois]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
}}
{{Ron Clements and John Musker}}
{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Musker, John}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musker, John}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:American animators]]
[[Category:American film directors]]
[[Category:Animated film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Chicago, Illinois]]
[[Category:American animated film directors]]
[[Category:American animated film producers]]
[[Category:American film producers]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Animation screenwriters]]
[[Category:Animators from Illinois]]
[[Category:Annie Award winners]]
[[Category:Artists from Chicago]]
[[Category:California Institute of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:California Institute of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Disney people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Illinois]]
[[Category:Northwestern University alumni]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios people]]

Latest revision as of 06:34, 25 November 2024

John Musker
Musker at the 2016 Annecy International Animated Film Festival
Born
John Edward Musker

(1953-11-08) November 8, 1953 (age 71)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Alma materNorthwestern University (BA)
California Institute of the Arts (MFA)
Occupations
  • Animator
  • film director
  • screenwriter
  • film producer
Years active1977–present
SpouseGale Musker
Children3
Signature

John Edward Musker (born November 8, 1953) is an American animator, film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He often collaborates with fellow director Ron Clements and is best known for writing and directing the Disney animated films The Great Mouse Detective (1986), The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin (1992), Hercules (1997), Treasure Planet (2002), The Princess and the Frog (2009), and Moana (2016).

Early life

[edit]

Musker was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second[1][2] oldest of eight children in an Irish Catholic family. His father, Robert J. Musker, who worked for over 40 years at Illinois Bell Telephone, died in 2008 at the age of 84,[2] and his mother, Joan T. Musker (née Lally), died in 2011 at the age of 81.[1]

He attended Loyola Academy in Illinois and then graduated from the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern University,[3] where he majored in English and drew cartoons for the Daily Northwestern.[4] After that, he obtained his Master of Fine Arts at CALARTS, California Institute of the Arts in Santa Clarita. There he served a two-year apprenticeship with famed animator Frank Thomas, a supervising animator of Disney films such as Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955), and The Aristocats (1970).

Career

[edit]

Musker met Ron Clements during the production of The Fox and the Hound in 1981, where he worked as a character animator under Clements and Cliff Nordberg. Musker teamed up with Clements as story artists on The Black Cauldron before they were removed from the project.[5]

Following the green-lighting of Clements's pitch for an adaptation of the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus into an animated feature, Musker and fellow story artist Burny Mattinson were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was brought in as an additional director. Due to a shortened production schedule and multiple story rewrites, Roy E. Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer while Ron Clements was brought in as another director.[6]

While working on The Great Mouse Detective, newly appointed Disney CEO and chairman Michael Eisner and Jeffrey Katzenberg issued invitations to the animation staff for their first held "gong show" session. Demanding only five new ideas, Clements pitched an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid and a high-concept idea of Treasure Island in Space, which were both rejected by Katzenberg and Eisner. The next morning, Katzenberg approached Clements and asked him to expand his initial treatment.[7][8]

With The Little Mermaid in production in 1986, Musker joined Clements in expanding the original treatment into a twenty-page rough script, eliminating the role of the mermaid's grandmother and expanding the roles of the Merman King and the sea witch,[9] and were later joined by Off-Broadway musical composers Howard Ashman and Alan Menken who collaborated on the song and musical score.[10] Released in November 1989, The Little Mermaid was praised as a milestone in rebirth of Disney animation by film critics and collected a domestic gross of $84 million,[11] cumulatively receiving $184.2 million worldwide.[12]

When work on The Little Mermaid was wrapped, Clements and Musker re-developed their idea for Treasure Planet,[13] but the studio still expressed disinterest. Instead, the two directors were offered three projects in development: Swan Lake, King of the Jungle, and Aladdin.[14] The directors eventually chose the latter, desiring a wacky, faster-paced, and more contemporary mood separate from the previous Disney animated films.[15][8]

Working from Ashman and Menken's treatment and musical score, the two delivered a story reel to Katzenberg in April 1991, which was strongly disapproved.[15] Jettisoning multiple characters and story ideas and adding Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio as co-screenwriters, the production team restructured the entire story in eight days.[16] Released in November 1992, Aladdin received positive reviews from critics, and became the first animated film to gross over $200 million domestically.[17]

Following work on Aladdin, Clements, along with Musker, resumed their work on Treasure Planet, which was again turned down by Katzenberg in 1993, who disapproved of setting the adaptation of a classic adventure tale in outer space.[13] A deal was struck with the two directors to create another commercial film before he would approve Treasure Planet. Rejecting projects in development such as Don Quixote, The Odyssey, and Around the World in Eighty Days, they were later informed of animator Joe Haidar's pitch for a Hercules feature, and signed onto the project.[18]

During production on Hercules, in 1995, Clements and Musker signed a seven-year contract deal with the studio which stipulated following Hercules, the studio would produce Treasure Planet or another project of their choosing.[13]

With Treasure Planet completed in 2002, Clements and Musker later inherited Fraidy Cat, which was originally a project developed by Dutch animation director Piet Kroon.[19] Fraidy Cat, however, never saw its light of day, as David Stainton, then-president of Walt Disney Feature Animation, refused to green-light the project.[20] It was soon followed with Clements and Musker's resignation from Walt Disney Feature Animation in September 2005.[21]

When John Lasseter was appointed chief creative officer over Walt Disney Feature Animation in February 2006, he invited Clements and Musker back to Disney to oversee production on The Frog Princess,[22][8] and were officially confirmed as directors in the following July.[23] Later re-titled The Princess and the Frog, the film received positive reviews and grossed $267 million worldwide.[24]

After directing The Princess and the Frog, Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort,[25] but obtaining the film rights prevented them from continuing with the project.[26] To avoid similar problems, they pitched three new ideas, where by 2011, the two directors started developing the film based on an original idea.[26] In late 2012, the duo announced that they will be directing a new film in the future, but they have their lips sealed for the title, the plot, and the animation style.

In July 2013, it was revealed that the film, titled Moana, would be "a Polynesian tale involving the island folk and the idols made famous the world over".[27] On November 10, 2014, Disney confirmed Moana would be released on November 23, 2016.[28]

In March 2018, having worked at Disney for 40 years, Musker announced his retirement from Walt Disney Animation Studios.[29] In 2023 he released his short film I'm Hip which he animated by hand.[8]

Personal life

[edit]

Musker is married to Gale.[30] They have twin sons, Jackson and Patrick, and a daughter, Julia.[30] He also has sisters by the names of Patricia, Colleen, Kathleen, Maureen, and Terri, and two younger brothers, Robert and Martin.

Filmography

[edit]

Feature films

[edit]
Year Film Credited as
Director Writer Producer Animator Other Notes
1981 The Fox and the Hound No No No Character No
1985 The Black Cauldron No No No No Yes Additional Story Contributor
1986 The Great Mouse Detective Yes Story No No No Developer - Uncredited
1989 The Little Mermaid Yes Yes Yes No Yes Various Voices - uncredited
1992 Aladdin Yes Screenplay Yes No Yes Additional Voices - uncredited
1997 Hercules Yes Screenplay Yes No No
2002 Treasure Planet Yes Yes Yes No Yes Developer - uncredited
2008 Bolt No No No No Yes Special Thanks
2009 The Princess and the Frog Yes Yes No No Yes Additional Voices
2012 Wreck-It Ralph No No No No Yes Additional Visual Development Artist
2014 Big Hero 6 No No No No Yes Creative Leadership
2016 Zootopia No No No No Yes
Moana Yes Story No No Yes
2018 Ralph Breaks the Internet No No No No Yes
2019 Aladdin No No No No Yes "Based on" credit
2023 The Little Mermaid No No No No Yes

Short films

[edit]
Year Film Credited as
Director Other Notes
1982 Luau No Yes Role: Businessman
2008 Jack's Gift No Yes Role: Doctor 1
2017 Gone Fishing[31] Yes No
2019 Mel No Yes Special Thanks
2023 I'm Hip Yes No

Documentaries

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
2007 The Pixar Story Himself
2009 Waking Sleeping Beauty caricaturist
2018 Howard

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Ceremony Category Recipient Result
Edgar Allan Poe Award Best Motion Picture
The Great Mouse Detective
 Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award
 Best Animated Film
The Little Mermaid
 Won
Aladdin
 Won
Annie Awards Best Individual Achievement: Directing in a Feature Production
Hercules
 Won
Best Individual Achievement: Producing in a Feature Production Won
Best Animated Feature Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award Best Animated Film Won
Academy Awards Best Animated Feature
Treasure Planet
 Nominated
The Princess and the Frog Nominated
African-American Film Critics Association Award Best Screenplay Won
Academy Awards Best Animated Feature
Moana
 Nominated
Alliance of Women Film Journalists Best Animated Feature Nominated
Seattle Film Critics Awards Best Animated Feature Nominated

Collaborations

[edit]

John Musker and Ron Clements have cast certain actors in more than one of their films.

The Great
Mouse Detective 		The Little
Mermaid 		Aladdin Hercules Treasure
Planet 		The Princess
and the Frog
Charlie Adler
☒N
☒N
Jack Angel
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Rodger Bumpass
☒N
☒N
Corey Burton
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Jim Cummings
☒N
☒N
☒N
Keith David
☒N
☒N
Mona Marshall
☒N
☒N
Debi Derryberry
☒N
☒N
Paddi Edwards
☒N
☒N
Jennifer Darling
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Sherry Lynn
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Patrick Pinney
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Bob Bergen
☒N
☒N
Phil Proctor
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
Frank Welker
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N
☒N

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Joan Musker Obituary". Chicago Sun-Times.com. February 15, 2011. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Death Notice: ROBERT J. MUSKER". Chicago Tribune. November 24, 2008. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  3. ^ Deneen, Nancy (2008). "The Animated Life of John Musker, Class of 1975". Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  4. ^ Wells, Paul (2002-01-01). Animation and America. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1853312038.
  5. ^ Thomas 1997, p. 117.
  6. ^ Korkis, Jim (February 23, 2011). "How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part One". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 12, 2014. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  7. ^ Stewart 2005, p. 95.
  8. ^ a b c d Diana Ringo (September 8, 2024). "Interview with film director and animation legend John Musker". Indie Cinema Magazine.
  9. ^ Treasures Untold: The Making of Disney's "The Little Mermaid" (Documentary film). The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition DVD: Walt Disney Home Entertainment. 2006.
  10. ^ Stewart 2005.
  11. ^ Thomas 1997, p. 120.
  12. ^ "1989 Worldwide Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  13. ^ a b c Verrier, Richard; Eller, Claudia (December 6, 2002). "Disney's 'Treasure Planet' an Adventure in Losing Money". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  14. ^ Ron Clements; John Musker (October 13, 2015). "Everything you ever wanted to know about Aladdin" (Interview). Interviewed by Josh Labrecque. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  15. ^ a b Rhodes, Joe (November 8, 1992). "COVER STORY : What Would Walt Say? : The credits read Disney, but 'Aladdin' is a brand-new 'toon, an irreverent high-stakes gamble that veers sharply from tradition". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  16. ^ John Musker, Ron Clements, Eric Goldberg, Amy Pell, Ed Gombert, Terry Rossio, Ted Elliot (2004). Reflections On Black Friday (DVD). Aladdin: Platinum Edition: Walt Disney Home Video.
  17. ^ Fox, David J. (April 21, 1993). "'Aladdin' Becomes a $200-Million Genie for Disney". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  18. ^ "Who the hell do we get to play Hades?". Jim Hill Media. April 5, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  19. ^ "Bad day in the barnyard". Los Angeles Times. April 5, 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  20. ^ Hill, Jim (August 17, 2005). "Why was the head of WDFA afraid to put "Fraidy Cat" into production?". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  21. ^ Sito, Tom (March 14, 2006). "The Late, Great, 2D Animation Renaissance — Part 2". Animation World Network. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  22. ^ Ron Clements; John Musker (March 11, 2010). "An Interview with John Musker and Ron Clements". DVD Dizzy (Interview). Interviewed by Luke Bannano. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  23. ^ "Comic-Con Sees Stars, 2D Officially Back at Disney". Animation World Network. July 23, 2006. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  24. ^ "The Princess and the Frog (2009)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  25. ^ Connelly, Brendon (April 6, 2013). "What Disney's Film Of Terry Pratchett's Mort Might Have Looked Like... And A Preview Of Things To Come". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  26. ^ a b Miller, Bruce (August 24, 2013). "Sioux City native Ron Clements preps new film for Disney studio". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  27. ^ Jardine, William (July 11, 2013). "Tonnes of New Details Revealed About Disney's Upcoming Slate!". Big Screen Animation. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  28. ^ Lang, Brent (November 10, 2014). "Disney Animation's 'Zootopia,' 'Moana' Hitting Theaters in 2016". Variety. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  29. ^ Amidi, Amid (March 19, 2018). "John Musker, Co-Director Of 'Aladdin' And 'Moana,' Retires From Disney After 40 Years". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  30. ^ a b Dinello, Dan (June 15, 1997). "John Musker Brings Chicago Sensibility, Madcap Style To Disney". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  31. ^ Wolfe, Jennifer (January 13, 2017). "'Moana' Sails Home on Digital HD February 21 and Blu-ray March 7". Animation World Network. Retrieved December 12, 2020.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Musker.
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