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{{short description|none}}
{{Contains Thai text}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2017}}<!--History and Maritime sections have one/no references-->
{{EngvarB|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox flag
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Thailand| Article =
| Name =
| Type = National
| Article =
| Type = National
| Image = Flag of Thailand.svg
| Image = Flag of Thailand.svg
| Nickname = Trairanga ({{lang-th|ธงไตรรงค์}}, [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: Thong Trairong), "Tricolour flag"
| Nickname = Trairanga ({{langx|th|ธงไตรรงค์}}, [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: ''thong trai rong''), 'Tricolour flag'
| Morenicks =
| Use = 111110
| Morenicks =
| Symbol =
| Use = 111110
| Symbol = {{FIAV|111110}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Equal}} {{FIAV|Vertical unknown}}
| Proportion = 2:3
| Proportion = 2:3
| Adoption = 28 September 1917<!--de jure-->
| Adoption = {{start date and age|1917|9|28|df=y}} (standardized on 30 September 2017)
| Design = Five horizontal stripes of red, white, blue, white and red, the middle stripe twice as wide as the others
| Design = Five horizontal stripes of red, white, blue, white and red, the middle stripe twice as wide as the others
| Designer = [[Vajiravudh|King Vajiravudh]] (Rama VI)
| Designer = [[Vajiravudh|King Vajiravudh]] (Rama VI)
| Image2 = Naval Ensign of Thailand.svg
| Image2 = Naval Ensign of Thailand.svg
| Nickname2 = {{lang-th|ธงราชนาวี}} ([[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: Thong Ratchanawi), "Royal Navy flag"
| Nickname2 = {{langx|th|ธงราชนาวี}} ([[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: ''thong ratcha nawi''), 'Royal Navy flag'
| Morenicks2 =
| Morenicks2 =
| Use2 = 000001
| Use2 = 000001
| Symbol2 =
| Symbol2 = {{FIAV|000001}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion2= 2:3
| Proportion2 = 2:3
| Adoption2 = 28 September 1917<!--de jure-->
| Adoption2 = 28 September 1917 (''de jure'')
| Design2 = A red disc containing a [[white elephant (pachyderm)|white elephant]] in regalia centered on the national flag
| Design2 = A red disc containing a [[white elephant (pachyderm)|white elephant]] ([[Airavata]]) in regalia centered on the national flag
| Designer2 =
| Designer2 =
}}
}}


The '''[[flag]] of the Kingdom of [[Thailand]]''' ({{lang-th|'''ธงไตรรงค์'''}}, ''Thong Trairong'', meaning "[[tricolour]] flag”) shows five horizontal stripes in the colours red, white, blue, white and red, with the central blue stripe being twice as wide as each of the other four. The design was adopted on 28 September 1917, according to the royal decree about the flag in that year issued by [[Rama VI]].
The flag of [[Thailand]] ({{langx|th|ธงไตรรงค์}}; {{rtgs|''thong trai rong''}}, meaning '[[tricolour (flag)|tricolour]] flag') shows five horizontal stripes in the colours red, white, blue, white and red, with the central blue stripe being twice as wide as each of the other four. The design was adopted on 28 September 1917, according to the royal decree issued by [[Rama VI]]. Since 2016, that day is a national day of importance in Thailand [[Flag Day|celebrating the flag]].<ref>{{in lang|th}} [http://thailand.prd.go.th/1700/ewt/aseanthai/ewt_news.php?nid=6297&filename=index การฉลองครบรอบ 100 ปี การประกาศใช้ธงไตรรงค์ เป็นธงชาติไทย] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519180649/http://thailand.prd.go.th/1700/ewt/aseanthai/ewt_news.php?nid=6297&filename=index |date=19 May 2017 }} Thailand.prd.go.th, Retrieved September 26, 2017.</ref>


The colours are said to stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand,<ref>{{cite web
The colours are said to stand for [[nation-religion-king]], an unofficial motto of Thailand,<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/thailand/all.html
|url= http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/thailand/all.html
|title= Thailand: A Country Study
|title= Thailand: A Country Study
|accessdate=23 July 2011
|access-date=23 July 2011
|work= Country Studies Program, formerly the Army Area Handbook Program, from the Library of Congress
|work= Country Studies Program, formerly the Army Area Handbook Program, from the Library of Congress
|publisher= Mongabay.com
|publisher= Mongabay.com
|quote= [[Sarit]] revived the motto "Nation-Religion-King" as a fighting political slogan for his regime, which he characterized as combining the paternalism of the ancient Thai state and the benevolent ideals of Buddhism.
|quote= [[Sarit]] revived the motto "Nation-Religion-King" as a fighting political slogan for his regime, which he characterized as combining the paternalism of the ancient Thai state and the benevolent ideals of Buddhism.
}}</ref> red for the land and people, white for every [[Religion]] and blue for the [[Monarchy of Thailand|monarchy]], the last having been the auspicious colour of Rama VI. As the king had declared war on [[Germany]] that July, some note the flag now bore the same colours as those of [[United Kingdom|Britain]], the [[United States]] and [[France]].<ref>{{cite web
}}</ref> red for the land and people, white for [[Religion in Thailand|religions]] and blue for the [[Monarchy of Thailand|monarchy]], the last having been the auspicious colour of Rama VI. As [[Siam in World War I|the king declared war]] on [[German Empire|Germany]] that July, some note the flag now bore the same colours as those of the [[Flag of the United Kingdom|UK]], [[Flag of France|France]], [[Flag of Russia|Russia]] and the [[Flag of the United States|United States]].<ref>{{cite news
|url= http://www.pattayamail.com/498/columns.shtml#hd6
|url= http://www.pattayamail.com/498/columns.shtml#hd6
|title= A Slice of Thai History: Raising the standard; Thailand’s national flags
|title= A Slice of Thai History: Raising the standard; Thailand's national flags
|accessdate=24 July 2011
|access-date=24 July 2011
|author= Duncan Stearn
|author= Duncan Stearn
|date= 14&ndash;20 February 2003
|date= 14–20 February 2003
|language= Pattaya Mail
|newspaper= Pattaya Mail
|quote= The prevailing – although unofficial – view of the meaning of the five stripes is that red represents the land and the people; the white is for Theravada Buddhism, the state religion and the central blue stripe symbolises the monarchy. It has also been stated that blue was the official colour of King Rama VI. Another account claims the blue was inserted as a show of solidarity following Thailand’s entry into the First World War (in July 1917) as an ally of Britain and France.
|quote= The prevailing – although unofficial – view of the meaning of the five stripes is that red represents the land and the people; the white is for Theravada Buddhism, the state religion and the central purple stripe symbolises the monarchy. It has also been stated that purple was the favorite color of King Rama VI (he born in [[Colors of the day in Thailand|Saturday]]). Another account claims the purple (this refer deep blue) was inserted as a show of solidarity following Thailand’s entry into the First World War (in July 1917) as an ally of Britain and France....
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


==Design==
==Design==
The Flag Act of BE 2522 (1979)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930153806/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2522/A/067/1.PDF#page=2 The Flag Act of BE 2522 (1979)] ({{langx|th|พระราชบัญยัติธง พ.ศ.2522}}) in ''Royal Thailand Gazette'' No. 96 Section 67, special edition page 1</ref> stipulates the design of the national flag as "rectangular in shape with 6 part width and 9 part length, divided into five stripes throughout the length of the flag; with the middle stripe being 2 part wide, of deep blue colour, and the white stripes being 1 part wide next to each side of the deep blue stripes, and the red stripes being 1 part wide next to each side of the white stripes. The National Flag shall also be called the Tri-Rong flag".<ref>{{cite web|title=An unofficial translation from the Office of the Council of State|url=http://www.krisdika.go.th/wps/wcm/connect/d9e7ff804ba1c19498d99a8b4221fda7/FLAG+ACT%2C+B.E.+2522+%281979%29.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=d9e7ff804ba1c19498d99a8b4221fda7|website=Krisdika.go.th|access-date=9 January 2018|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305003537/http://www.krisdika.go.th/wps/wcm/connect/d9e7ff804ba1c19498d99a8b4221fda7/FLAG+ACT,+B.E.+2522+(1979).pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=d9e7ff804ba1c19498d99a8b4221fda7|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Flag Act of BE 2522 (1979 CE) stipulates the design of national flag as "a rectangle 6 portions in width and 9 portions in length, vertically divided into five full-length horizontal stripes: at the middle, a blue stripe 2 portions wide; flanking the blue stripe, two white stripes 1-portion-wide each; and outwardly flanking the white stripes, two red stripes 1-portion-wide each. The flag shall also to be known as the Trairanga."


===Colour standards===
[[File:Flag of Thailand (construction).svg|thumb|300px|center|Construction sheet of the flag of Thailand.]]
The colours of the flag were standardised in an announcement of the Office of the Prime Minister dated 30 September 2017, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of its adoption.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=th:มาตรฐานแถบสีธงชาติไทย|trans-title=Flag of Thailand|url=https://www.nstda.or.th/th/nstda-knowledge/11557-thaiflag-color|publisher=National Science and Technology Development Agency|access-date=16 February 2018|date=16 October 2017|language=th|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200918082457/https://www.nstda.or.th/th/nstda-knowledge/11557-thaiflag-color|url-status=dead}}</ref> It gives recommended values for determining the standard colours of physical cloth flags, defined in the [[CIELAB]] colour space under [[Illuminant D65]]. RGB, HEX and CMYK values are derived by NSTDA.<ref>{{cite journal|script-title=th:ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง รูปธงชาติตามพระราชบัญญัติธง พ.ศ. 2522|journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette|date=4 October 2017|volume=164|issue=Special 245 D|pages=1–2|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2560/E/245/1.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191426/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2560/E/245/1.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 October 2017|access-date=4 October 2017|trans-title=Announcement of the Office of the Prime Minister regarding appearance of the National Flag in accordance with the Flag Act, B.E. 2522|language=th}}</ref><ref name="nstda">สวทช. มาตรฐานแถบสีธงชาติไทย https://www.nstda.or.th/th/nstda-knowledge/11557-thaiflag-color {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527231905/https://www.nstda.or.th/th/nstda-knowledge/11557-thaiflag-color |date=2020-05-27 }}</ref>


{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align:center;"
The colours of the flag were standardized in a convention held by the [[National Identity Office]] on 7 May 2010, and are pending formal adoption as a [[Thai Industrial Standard]]. The adopted specifications are [[Munsell color system|Munsell]] value 5R4/12 for the red, and 7.5PB2/4 for the blue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conference for the adoption of standard colours for the Thai national flag|url=http://www.t-h-a-i-l-a-n-d.org/thaiflag/standard_color.html|work=Thai National Flag Museum website|accessdate=5 July 2011}}</ref>
|-
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Colour !!colspan=4| [[CIELAB]] [[Illuminant D65|D65]]|| rowspan="5" | !! colspan="3" | Other colour values
|-
!L*!!a*!!b*!!ΔE* !! RGB !! HEX !! CMYK
|-
!style="background:#A51931"| ||Red
|36.4||55.47||25.42||≤1.5 || 165-25-49 || #A51931 || C24-M100-Y83-K18
|-
!style="background:#F4F5F8"| ||White
|96.61||-0.15||-1.48||≤1.5 || 244-245-248 || #F4F5F8 || C3-M2-Y1-K0
|-
!style="background:#2D2A4A"| ||Blue
|18.63||7.89||-19.45||≤1.5 || 45-42-74 || #2D2A4A || C87-M85-Y42-K43


|}
== History ==
[[File:Firstworldwar.jpg|thumb|The Siamese Expeditionary Force during [[World War I]] with the Siamese tricolour in [[Paris]], 1919.]]
[[File:2012 Flag of Thailand.JPG|thumb|National flag of Thailand]]


===Construction Sheet===
The first flag used for [[Siam]] was probably a plain red one, first used under [[King of Siam|King]] [[Narai]] (1656–1688). Naval flags later used different symbols on the red ground—a white [[chakra]] (the [[Sudarshana Chakra|weapon]] of god [[Vishnu]] which use as the symbol of the [[House of Chakri]]), or a [[White elephant (pachyderm)|white elephant]] inside the chakra.
{{gallery
|height=250
|width=360
|File:Flag of Thailand (construction sheet).svg|flag construction sheet
}}

== History ==
[[File:Firstworldwar.jpg|thumb|The [[Siamese Expeditionary Force]] during [[World War I]] with the unit colours in [[Paris]], 1919]]
[[File:Waving flag of Thailand (1).jpg|thumb|National flag of Thailand being flown in 2009 ]]
[[File:Flag of Thailand in front of the Ministry of Defence.jpg|thumb|Flag of Thailand flown in front of the Ministry of Defence in 2019]]
The first flag used for [[Siam]] was probably a plain red one, first used under [[Narai]] (1656–1688). Naval flags later used different symbols on the red ground—a white [[chakra]], or the [[Hindu]] [[mythological]] elephant [[Airavata]] inside the chakra.


Officially the first flag was created in 1855 by King [[Mongkut]] (Rama IV), showing a white elephant (a royal symbol) on red ground, as the plain coloured flag was not distinct enough for international relations.
Officially the first flag was created in 1855 by [[Mongkut]] (Rama IV), showing a white elephant on red ground, as the plain coloured flag was not distinct enough for international relations.


In 1916 the flag was changed to show a white elephant in royal regalia. In 1917, the current design, but with the middle colour being the same red as the outer stripe, was defined as the [[civil ensign]]. The story goes that during a flood King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) saw the flag hanging upside-down, and to prevent this from happening again created a new flag which was symmetrical. Later in 1917, the middle colour was changed to dark blue, which was similar in tone to indigo, which at the time was regarded as the auspicious colour for Saturday, the day King Vajiravudh was born. According to other sources, the blue colour was also chosen to show solidarity with the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] of World War I, which also had the colours blue-red-white in their flags.
In 1916 the flag was changed to show a white elephant in royal regalia. In 1916, the current design, but with the middle colour being the same red as the outer stripe, was defined as the [[civil ensign]]. According to a popular legend, king [[Vajiravudh]] (Rama VI) was appalled when he saw the elephant flag flown upside down by one of his subjects by accident, which caused him to order the creation of a vertically symmetrical design. Initially (1916/17), this was a purely red and white design of five horizontal stripes.<ref name="Znamierowski 1999">{{Cite book |last=Znamierowski, Alfred |title=The World Encyclopedia of Flags: The Definitive Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns |publisher=Hermes House |year=1999 |isbn=9780754826293 |pages=48}}</ref> Later in 1917, the middle colour was changed to dark blue, which was similar in tone to indigo or purple, which at the time was regarded as the auspicious colour for Saturday, the day Vajiravudh was born. According to other sources, the blue was also chosen to show solidarity with the [[Allies of World War I]], which also had the colours blue-red-white in their flags.


===Timeline===
===Timeline===
{| class="wikitable"
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
! scope="col" | Flag
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
!Flag!!width="100"|Date!!Use!!Description
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Use
! scope="col" | Description
|-
|-
|rowspan="2"|<center> [[File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg|120px]]</center> || c.1700–c.1790 || {{FIAV|000111}} National ensign during late [[Kingdom of Ayutthaya|Ayutthaya]] and [[Kingdom of Thonburi|Thonburi]] periods|| rowspan="2"|A red plain rectangular flag.
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg|120px|center]] || {{circa}} 1680 – {{circa}} 1782 || {{FIAV|000111}} {{FIAV|historical}} National ensign during late [[Kingdom of Ayutthaya|Ayutthaya]] and [[Kingdom of Thonburi|Thonburi]] periods|| rowspan="2"|A red plain rectangular flag.
|-
|-
| c.1790–1855 || {{FIAV|000100}} Civil ensign prior to 1855
| {{circa}} 1782–1855 || {{FIAV|000100}} {{FIAV|historical}} Civil ensign prior to 1855
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Flag of Thailand (1782).svg|120px]]</center> || c.1790–c.1820 || {{FIAV|000011}} State and naval ensign decreed by King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) || Red flag with a white [[Sudarshana Chakra|chakra]], presumably to represent the [[Chakri Dynasty]].
| [[File:Flag of Thailand (1782).svg|120px|center]] || {{circa}} 1782 – {{circa}} 1817 || {{FIAV|000011}} {{FIAV|historical}} State and naval ensign decreed by Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) || Red flag with a white [[Sudarshana Chakra|chakra]], presumably to represent the [[Chakri dynasty]].
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Flag of Thailand (1817).svg|120px]]</center> || c.1820–1855 || {{FIAV|000011}} Change instituted by King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) || Red flag with a [[white elephant (pachyderm)|white elephant]] inside the chakra.
| [[File:Flag of Thailand (1817).svg|120px|center]] || {{circa}} 1817–1855 || {{FIAV|000011}} {{FIAV|historical}} Change instituted by Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II) || Red flag with a [[white elephant (pachyderm)|white elephant]] inside the chakra.
|-
|-
|rowspan="2"| <center>[[File:Flag of Thailand 1855.svg|120px]]</center> || 1855–1893 || {{FIAV|000111}} National ensign decreed by King Mongkut (Rama IV) || rowspan="2"|A white elephant, facing the hoist, centred on a red field. Called in [[Thai language]] ''"Thong Chang Puak (in thai: ธงช้างเผือก)"''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbvex.it/asiapag/thailandia.html |title=Siam Bandiera mercantile 1839 |accessdate=25 September 2004 |author=Roberto Breschi|language=Italian |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20041208223916/http://www.rbvex.it/asiapag/thailandia.html |archivedate= 8 December 2004}}</ref> (elephant flag).
|rowspan="3"| [[File:Flag of Thailand 1855.svg|120px|center]] || {{circa}} 1843–1855 || {{FIAV|000100}} {{FIAV|historical}} Alternative civil ensign from 1843 to 1855 || rowspan="3" |A white elephant, facing the hoist, centred on a red field. {{langx|th|ธงช้างเผือก}} ({{lang|th-Latn|Thong Chang Puak}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbvex.it/asiapag/thailandia.html |title=Siam Bandiera mercantile 1839 |access-date=25 September 2004 |author=Roberto Breschi|language=it |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20041208223916/http://www.rbvex.it/asiapag/thailandia.html |archive-date= 8 December 2004}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 1893–1916 || {{FIAV|000100}} Civil ensign until 1916
| 1855–1893 || {{FIAV|000111}} {{FIAV|historical}} National ensign decreed by Mongkut (Rama IV)
|-
|-
| 1893–1916 || {{FIAV|000100}} {{FIAV|historical}} Civil ensign until 1916
|rowspan="3"|<center> [[File:State Flag of Thailand (1916).svg|120px]]</center> || 1893–1898 || {{FIAV|000011}} State and naval ensign, to be displayed defaced with the flyer's emblem on the upper hoist corner || rowspan="3"|A white elephant in regalia, facing the hoist, centred on a red field
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[File:State Flag of Thailand (1916).svg|120px|center]] || 1893–1898 || {{FIAV|000011}} {{FIAV|historical}} State and naval ensign, to be displayed defaced with the flyer's emblem on the upper hoist corner || rowspan="3"|A white elephant in regalia, facing the hoist, centred on a red field
| 1898–1912 || {{FIAV|000011}} State and naval ensign
|-
|-
| 1912–1917 || {{FIAV|010010}} State flag and ensign, decreed by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
| 1898–1912 || {{FIAV|000011}} {{FIAV|historical}} State and naval ensign
|-
|-
| 1912–1917 || {{FIAV|010010}} {{FIAV|historical}} State flag and ensign, decreed by Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
| <center>[[File:Flag of Thailand (1916).svg|120px]]</center> || 1917 || {{FIAV|000100}} Civil ensign || Red flag with two horizontal white stripes one-sixth wide, one-sixth from the top and bottom
|-
|-
| <center>[[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|120px]]</center> || 1917–present || {{FIAV|111110}} National flag, civil and state ensign || Flag with horizontal blue stripe one-third wide between white stripes one-sixth wide, between red stripes one-sixth wide, known as the Trairanga
| [[File:Flag of Thailand (1916).svg|120px|center]] || 1916–1917 || {{FIAV|000100}} {{FIAV|historical}} Civil ensign || Red flag with two horizontal white stripes one-sixth wide, one-sixth from the top and bottom
|-
| [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|120px|center]] || 1917–present || {{FIAV|111110}} {{FIAV|normal}} National flag, civil and state ensign || Flag with horizontal blue stripe one-third wide between white stripes one-sixth wide, between red stripes one-sixth wide, known as the {{lang|Th-Latn|Trairanga}}.
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 92: Line 123:
| align = right
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Naval Ensign of Thailand.svg
| header =
| width1 = 180
| header_align = left/right/center
| caption1 = {{FIAV|000001}} {{FIAV|normal}} Naval ensign of Thailand
| footer =
| footer_align = left
| image1 = Flying Naval Ensign of Thailand.jpg
| width1 = 150
| caption1 = Naval ensign of Thailand
| image2 = Thailand Naval Jack (Thong Chan).svg
| image2 = Thailand Naval Jack (Thong Chan).svg
| width2 = 180
| width2 = 180
| caption2 = Naval jack of Thailand
| caption2 = {{FIAV|000000}} {{FIAV|normal}} Naval jack of Thailand}}
The [[naval ensign]] of the [[Royal Thai Navy]] (RTN) is the national flag with a red circle in the middle that reaches as far as the red stripes at the top and bottom. In the circle stands a white elephant, in full caparison, facing the hoist. The kingdom's [[naval jack]] is the national flag defaced with the emblem of the Royal Thai Navy in the middle. The regimental colours of the RTN is as same as this flag; both ensigns were adopted in 1917.
}}
The [[naval ensign]] of the [[Royal Thai Navy]] is the national flag with a red circle in the middle that reaches as far as the red stripes at the top and bottom. In the circle stands a white elephant, in full caparison, facing the hoist. The kingdom's [[naval jack]] is the national flag defaced with the emblem of the Royal Thai Navy in the middle. The regimental colours of the RTN is as same as this flag; both ensigns were adopted in 1917.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 110: Line 136:
* [[Royal Flags of Thailand]]
* [[Royal Flags of Thailand]]
* [[List of Military flags of Thailand]]
* [[List of Military flags of Thailand]]
* [[Flag of Costa Rica]], similar design (but the red and blue colours are reversed)
* [[Flag of India]], which has a similar name "Tiranga"
* [[Flag desecration#Thailand|Flag desecration in Thailand]]


==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{cite book| last = Macharoen| first = Chawingam| title = Thong Thai Laem 1| year = 2002| location = Bangkok| isbn = 974-419-454-5 }}
*{{cite book
| last = Macharoen
| first = Chawingam
| title = Thong Thai Laem 1
| year = 2002
| location = Bangkok
| isbn = 974-419-454-5 }}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{wikisourcelang|th|ชุมนุมพระนิพนธ์ (บางเรื่อง)|''History of Thai Flags''|by [[Prince Damrong]]}}
{{Commons category|Flags of Thailand}}
*{{FOTW|id=th|title=Thailand}}
{{Commons category|National flag of Thailand}}
* {{FOTW|id=th|title=Thailand}}
* [http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/th_royal.html Royal Flags (Thailand)]
* [http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/th_royal.html Royal Flags (Thailand)]
* [http://www.siamflag.org/ Siam Flag museum] {{en icon}} {{th icon}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190523191433/https://www.siamflag.org/ Siam Flag museum] (Thai only)
* [http://www.thaiflag.org/ Thai Flag museum] {{en icon}} {{th icon}}
* [http://www.thaitrip.com/flag/ Historical Thai flag]
* [http://www.thaitrip.com/flag/ Historical thai flag]
* [http://siamfoundation.org/siamflags/ Vexilology of Siamese Flags]


{{Thailand topics}}
<br clear=all>
{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Symbols of Thailand}}
{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}
{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}
{{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] -->
{{national flags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:National flags]] -->
{{Flags of Thailand}}
{{Flags of Thailand}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}


[[Category:Flags of Thailand| ]]
[[Category:Flags of Thailand| ]]
[[Category:National symbols of Thailand]]
[[Category:National symbols of Thailand]]
[[Category:National flags|Thailand]]
[[Category:National flags|Thailand]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1917|Thailand]]

[[Category:Flags introduced in 2017|Thailand]]
{{Link GA|th}}
[[Category:Flags with blue, red and white]]
{{Link FA|th}}
[[Category:Rama VI period]]
[[Category:Horizontally symmetrical flags]]

Latest revision as of 08:48, 12 December 2024

Flag of Thailand
Trairanga (Thai: ธงไตรรงค์, RTGS: thong trai rong), 'Tricolour flag'
UseNational flag, civil and state ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is congruent with obverse side Vertical hoist method of flag is unknown
Proportion2:3
Adopted28 September 1917; 107 years ago (1917-09-28) (standardized on 30 September 2017)
DesignFive horizontal stripes of red, white, blue, white and red, the middle stripe twice as wide as the others
Designed byKing Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
Thai: ธงราชนาวี (RTGS: thong ratcha nawi), 'Royal Navy flag'
UseNaval ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion2:3
Adopted28 September 1917 (de jure)
DesignA red disc containing a white elephant (Airavata) in regalia centered on the national flag

The flag of Thailand (Thai: ธงไตรรงค์; RTGS: thong trai rong, meaning 'tricolour flag') shows five horizontal stripes in the colours red, white, blue, white and red, with the central blue stripe being twice as wide as each of the other four. The design was adopted on 28 September 1917, according to the royal decree issued by Rama VI. Since 2016, that day is a national day of importance in Thailand celebrating the flag.[1]

The colours are said to stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand,[2] red for the land and people, white for religions and blue for the monarchy, the last having been the auspicious colour of Rama VI. As the king declared war on Germany that July, some note the flag now bore the same colours as those of the UK, France, Russia and the United States.[3]

Design

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The Flag Act of BE 2522 (1979)[4] stipulates the design of the national flag as "rectangular in shape with 6 part width and 9 part length, divided into five stripes throughout the length of the flag; with the middle stripe being 2 part wide, of deep blue colour, and the white stripes being 1 part wide next to each side of the deep blue stripes, and the red stripes being 1 part wide next to each side of the white stripes. The National Flag shall also be called the Tri-Rong flag".[5]

Colour standards

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The colours of the flag were standardised in an announcement of the Office of the Prime Minister dated 30 September 2017, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of its adoption.[6] It gives recommended values for determining the standard colours of physical cloth flags, defined in the CIELAB colour space under Illuminant D65. RGB, HEX and CMYK values are derived by NSTDA.[7][8]

Colour CIELAB D65 Other colour values
L* a* b* ΔE* RGB HEX CMYK
Red 36.4 55.47 25.42 ≤1.5 165-25-49 #A51931 C24-M100-Y83-K18
White 96.61 -0.15 -1.48 ≤1.5 244-245-248 #F4F5F8 C3-M2-Y1-K0
Blue 18.63 7.89 -19.45 ≤1.5 45-42-74 #2D2A4A C87-M85-Y42-K43

Construction Sheet

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  • flag construction sheet
    flag construction sheet

History

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The Siamese Expeditionary Force during World War I with the unit colours in Paris, 1919
National flag of Thailand being flown in 2009
Flag of Thailand flown in front of the Ministry of Defence in 2019

The first flag used for Siam was probably a plain red one, first used under Narai (1656–1688). Naval flags later used different symbols on the red ground—a white chakra, or the Hindu mythological elephant Airavata inside the chakra.

Officially the first flag was created in 1855 by Mongkut (Rama IV), showing a white elephant on red ground, as the plain coloured flag was not distinct enough for international relations.

In 1916 the flag was changed to show a white elephant in royal regalia. In 1916, the current design, but with the middle colour being the same red as the outer stripe, was defined as the civil ensign. According to a popular legend, king Vajiravudh (Rama VI) was appalled when he saw the elephant flag flown upside down by one of his subjects by accident, which caused him to order the creation of a vertically symmetrical design. Initially (1916/17), this was a purely red and white design of five horizontal stripes.[9] Later in 1917, the middle colour was changed to dark blue, which was similar in tone to indigo or purple, which at the time was regarded as the auspicious colour for Saturday, the day Vajiravudh was born. According to other sources, the blue was also chosen to show solidarity with the Allies of World War I, which also had the colours blue-red-white in their flags.

Timeline

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Flag Date Use Description
c. 1680 – c. 1782 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag National ensign during late Ayutthaya and Thonburi periods A red plain rectangular flag.
c. 1782–1855 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Civil ensign prior to 1855
c. 1782 – c. 1817 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State and naval ensign decreed by Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) Red flag with a white chakra, presumably to represent the Chakri dynasty.
c. 1817–1855 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Change instituted by Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II) Red flag with a white elephant inside the chakra.
c. 1843–1855 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Alternative civil ensign from 1843 to 1855 A white elephant, facing the hoist, centred on a red field. Thai: ธงช้างเผือก (Thong Chang Puak)[10]
1855–1893 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag National ensign decreed by Mongkut (Rama IV)
1893–1916 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Civil ensign until 1916
1893–1898 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State and naval ensign, to be displayed defaced with the flyer's emblem on the upper hoist corner A white elephant in regalia, facing the hoist, centred on a red field
1898–1912 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State and naval ensign
1912–1917 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag State flag and ensign, decreed by Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
1916–1917 Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Civil ensign Red flag with two horizontal white stripes one-sixth wide, one-sixth from the top and bottom
1917–present Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag National flag, civil and state ensign Flag with horizontal blue stripe one-third wide between white stripes one-sixth wide, between red stripes one-sixth wide, known as the Trairanga.

Maritime flags

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Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Naval ensign of Thailand
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Naval jack of Thailand

The naval ensign of the Royal Thai Navy (RTN) is the national flag with a red circle in the middle that reaches as far as the red stripes at the top and bottom. In the circle stands a white elephant, in full caparison, facing the hoist. The kingdom's naval jack is the national flag defaced with the emblem of the Royal Thai Navy in the middle. The regimental colours of the RTN is as same as this flag; both ensigns were adopted in 1917.

See also

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Sources

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  • Macharoen, Chawingam (2002). Thong Thai Laem 1. Bangkok. ISBN 974-419-454-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

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  1. ^ (in Thai) การฉลองครบรอบ 100 ปี การประกาศใช้ธงไตรรงค์ เป็นธงชาติไทย Archived 19 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine Thailand.prd.go.th, Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  2. ^ "Thailand: A Country Study". Country Studies Program, formerly the Army Area Handbook Program, from the Library of Congress. Mongabay.com. Retrieved 23 July 2011. Sarit revived the motto "Nation-Religion-King" as a fighting political slogan for his regime, which he characterized as combining the paternalism of the ancient Thai state and the benevolent ideals of Buddhism.
  3. ^ Duncan Stearn (14–20 February 2003). "A Slice of Thai History: Raising the standard; Thailand's national flags". Pattaya Mail. Retrieved 24 July 2011. The prevailing – although unofficial – view of the meaning of the five stripes is that red represents the land and the people; the white is for Theravada Buddhism, the state religion and the central purple stripe symbolises the monarchy. It has also been stated that purple was the favorite color of King Rama VI (he born in Saturday). Another account claims the purple (this refer deep blue) was inserted as a show of solidarity following Thailand's entry into the First World War (in July 1917) as an ally of Britain and France....
  4. ^ The Flag Act of BE 2522 (1979) (Thai: พระราชบัญยัติธง พ.ศ.2522) in Royal Thailand Gazette No. 96 Section 67, special edition page 1
  5. ^ "An unofficial translation from the Office of the Council of State" (PDF). Krisdika.go.th. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  6. ^ มาตรฐานแถบสีธงชาติไทย [Flag of Thailand] (in Thai). National Science and Technology Development Agency. 16 October 2017. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
  7. ^ ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง รูปธงชาติตามพระราชบัญญัติธง พ.ศ. 2522 [Announcement of the Office of the Prime Minister regarding appearance of the National Flag in accordance with the Flag Act, B.E. 2522] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 164 (Special 245 D): 1–2. 4 October 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  8. ^ สวทช. มาตรฐานแถบสีธงชาติไทย https://www.nstda.or.th/th/nstda-knowledge/11557-thaiflag-color Archived 2020-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Znamierowski, Alfred (1999). The World Encyclopedia of Flags: The Definitive Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns. Hermes House. p. 48. ISBN 9780754826293.
  10. ^ Roberto Breschi. "Siam Bandiera mercantile 1839" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 December 2004. Retrieved 25 September 2004.
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