Jump to content

Nike, Inc.: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 45°30′33″N 122°49′48″W / 45.5093°N 122.8299°W / 45.5093; -122.8299
Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Error411 (talk | contribs)
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|American athletic equipment company}}
{{merge from|Spark Suit|discuss=Talk:Nike, Inc.#Proposed merge with Spark Suit|date=May 2013}}
{{Redirect|NIKE|other uses|Nike (disambiguation){{!}}Nike}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Nike, Inc.
| name = Nike, Inc.
| logo = [[File:Logo NIKE.svg|200px|Nike]]
| logo = [[File:Logo NIKE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| logo_caption = [[Swoosh]] logo since 1971
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| image_caption = [[Nike World Headquarters|Headquarters]] near [[Beaverton, Oregon]], U.S.
| traded_as = {{nyse|NKE}}<br />[[S&P 500|S&P 500 Component]]
| former_name = Blue Ribbon Sports, Inc. (1964–1971)
| foundation = 1964 (as Blue Ribbon Sports)<ref name="BRS">[http://www.nikebiz.com/company_overview/history/1960s.html Nikebiz : Company Overview : History : 1960s], Nike, Inc., Retrieved on August 12, 2010.</ref><br>1978 (as Nike, Inc.)
| image = Nike Campus, Beaverton - DPLA - ffa63f1bbaf5cd21aeada3d3978db2b0.jpg
| founder = [[Bill Bowerman]]<br />[[Phil Knight]]
| image_size = 250px
| location = [[Washington County, Oregon]], United States <br />(Near [[Beaverton, Oregon]])
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|{{NYSE|NKE}} (Class B)|[[DJIA]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| key_people = [[Phil Knight]]<br><small>(Chairman)</small><br>[[Mark Parker]]<br><small>(President and CEO)</small>
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|US6541061031}}
| industry = [[Apparel]], [[Fashion accessory|accessories]]
| founders = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|[[Bill Bowerman]]|[[Phil Knight]]}}
| products = Athletic [[footwear]] and apparel, [[sport equipment]]s and other athletic and recreational products
| area_served = Worldwide
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$ 24.128&nbsp;billion <small>(FY 2012)</small><ref name=10K>{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/320187/000119312511194791/d10k.htm|title=2012 Form 10-K, Nike, Inc.|publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref>}}
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|Philip Knight<br/>([[Chairperson|chairman]] emeritus)|[[Mark Parker]]<br/>(executive chairman)|[[Elliott Hill]] <br />([[President (corporate title)|president]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/retail/elliott-hill-loved-nike-and-left-it-now-hes-back-as-ceo-d528cc59 |title=Elliott Hill Loved Nike and Left It. Now He’s Back as CEO |last=Pacheco |first=Inti |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 22, 2024 |access-date=October 5, 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>|[[John Hoke III]]<br/>([[chief innovation officer]])}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kish |first=Matthew |date=2023-11-15 |title=Nike shuffles top executives, names new heads of innovation, design, marketing and technology |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2023/11/nike-shuffles-top-executives-names-new-heads-of-innovation-design-marketing-and-technology.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Oregonian}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} US$ 3.040&nbsp;billion <small>(FY 2012)</small><ref name=10K/>
| industry = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|[[Clothing industry|Apparel]]|[[Fashion accessory|Accessories]]|[[Sports equipment]]}}
| net_income = {{increase}} US$ 2.223&nbsp;billion <small>(FY 2012)</small><ref name=10K/>
| products = {{hlist|[[Athletic shoes]]|[[Sportswear|athletic apparel]]|[[sporting goods]]|[[fashion accessories|accessories]]}}
| assets = {{increase}} US$ 15.465&nbsp;billion <small>(FY 2012)</small><ref name=10K/>
| equity = {{increase}} US$ 10.381&nbsp;billion <small>(FY 2012)</small><ref name=10K/>
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{increase}} {{US$|51.36 [[1,000,000,000|billion]]|link=yes}} (2024)}}
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$6.472 billion (2024)}}
| num_employees = 44,000 <small>(2012)</small><ref name=10K/>
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$5.700 billion (2024)}}
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.nikeinc.com}}
| assets = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$38.11 billion (2024)}}
| equity = {{nowrap|{{increase}} US$14.43 billion (2024)}}
| num_employees = 79,400 (2024)
| founded = {{start date and age|1964|1|25}}
| location = [[Nike World Headquarters]]<br />Unincorporated [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]] near [[Beaverton, Oregon]], U.S. (Beaverton postal address)
| subsid = [[Converse (brand)|Converse]]
| website = {{url|https://www.nike.com/|nike.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name=10K2024>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/320187/000032018724000044/nke-20240531.htm |title=US SEC: 2024 Form 10-K NIKE, Inc. |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |date=July 25, 2024}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Nike, Inc.''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|k|iː}} is an American [[multinational corporation]] that is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing and selling of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services. The company is headquartered near [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]], Oregon, in the [[Portland metropolitan area]], and is one of only two [[Fortune 500]] companies headquartered in Oregon. It is one of the world's largest suppliers of [[athletic shoe]]s and [[clothing|apparel]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUKWNAS924120080626|title=Nike profit up but shares tumble on U.S. concerns|last=Sage|first=Alexandria|date=June 26, 2008|agency=Reuters |accessdate=2008-07-10}}</ref> and a major manufacturer of [[sports equipment]], with revenue in excess of US$24.1&nbsp;billion in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012). As of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. The brand alone is valued at $10.7 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/2010/02/03/most-powerful-sports-names-tiger-woods-nike-cmo-network-sports-brands.html|title=The World's Top Sports Brands|last=Schwartz|first=Peter|date=February 3, 2010|agency=Forbes |accessdate=2012-06-04}}</ref>


'''Nike, Inc.'''{{efn|group=note|The pronunciations of "Nike" include {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-nike.ogg||ˈ|n|aɪ|k|i}} {{respell|NY|kee}} officially and in the US, as well as {{IPAc-en|n|aɪ|k}} {{respell|NYKE}} in the UK.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/nike-pronounced-nikey-confirms-guy-who-ought-know-9470111.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/nike-pronounced-nikey-confirms-guy-who-ought-know-9470111.html |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title= Nike is pronounced Nikey, confirms guy who ought to know|work= The Independent|date=June 2, 2014 |access-date =July 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-03 |title=It's official: Nike rhymes with spiky – and you're saying all these wrong too |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/shortcuts/2014/jun/03/nike-how-to-pronounce-correctly-brand-names-audi-adidas-porsche-yvessaintlaurent |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>}} (stylized as '''''NIKE''''') is an American athletic footwear and apparel corporation headquartered near [[Beaverton, Oregon]], United States.<ref name="Nike HQ">{{Cite web |title=Contact Nike, Inc. |url=https://about.nike.com/pages/contact-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630040741/https://about.nike.com/pages/contact-us |archive-date=June 30, 2021 |access-date=June 29, 2021 |website=Nike, Inc.}}</ref> It is the world's largest supplier of [[Sneakers|athletic shoe]]s and apparel and a major manufacturer of [[sports equipment]], with revenue in excess of US$46 billion in its fiscal year 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike annual revenue worldwide 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/241683/nikes-sales-worldwide-since-2004/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nike-idUSN2526447020080625|title=Nike profit up but shares tumble on U.S. concerns|last=Sage|first=Alexandria|date=June 26, 2008|work=Reuters |access-date=July 10, 2008}}</ref>
The company was founded on January 25, 1964 as '''Blue Ribbon Sports''' by [[Bill Bowerman]] and [[Phil Knight]],<ref name="BRS" /> and officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978. The company takes its name from [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] (Greek Νίκη, pronounced {{IPA-el|nǐːkɛː|}}), the Greek goddess of victory. Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, [[Nike+]], [[Air Jordan]], [[Nike Skateboarding]], and subsidiaries including [[Hurley International]] and [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]]. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed [[Nike Bauer]]) between 1995 and 2008, and previously owned [[Cole Haan]] and [[Umbro]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike sells Bauer Hockey for $200&nbsp;Million | date = February 21, 2008 | publisher=[[The Sports Network]] | url = http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080225100443/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archivedate = 2008-02-25 | accessdate = 2008-06-02 }}</ref> In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "[[Just Do It (Nike)|Just Do It]]" and the [[Swoosh]] logo.


The company was founded on January 25, 1964, as "Blue Ribbon Sports", by [[Bill Bowerman]] and [[Phil Knight]], and officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]], the Greek goddess of victory.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Levinson| first = Philip| title = How Nike almost ended up with a very different name| work = Business Insider| access-date = June 7, 2017| url = http://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-got-its-name-2016-1}}</ref> Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, [[Nike+]], [[Nike Blazers]], [[Air Force 1 (shoe)|Air Force 1]], [[Nike Dunk]], [[Air Max]], Foamposite, [[Nike Skateboarding]] and Nike CR7.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nike.com/gb/w?q=Cristiano%20Ronaldo&vst=Cristiano%20Ronaldo |title=Nike CR7 |publisher=Nike, Inc.}}</ref> The company also sells products under its [[Air Jordan]] brand and its [[Converse (brand)|Converse]] subsidiary. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey from 1995 to 2008, and previously owned [[Cole Haan]], [[Umbro]], and [[Hurley International]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike sells Bauer Hockey for $200&nbsp;Million | date = February 21, 2008 | publisher=[[The Sports Network]] | url = https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225100443/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=230199&hubname=nhl | archive-date = February 25, 2008 | access-date = June 2, 2008 }}</ref> In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "[[Just Do It]]" and the [[Swoosh]] logo.
==Origins and history==
[[File:Old Nike logo.jpg|200px|thumb|Old logo of Nike, Inc.]]
Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by [[University of Oregon]] track athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker [[ASICS|Onitsuka Tiger]] (now [[ASICS]]), making most sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nikebiz.com/company_overview/history/1950s.html |title=Company Overview : History : 1950s |publisher=Nikebiz|accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref>


As of 2024, it employed 83,700 people worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike (NKE) |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/nike/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, the brand alone was valued in excess of $32 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses.<ref>{{cite news |title=Most Valuable Apparel Brand? Nike Just Does It Again |agency=Brand Finance |url=https://brandfinance.com/press-releases/most-valuable-apparel-brand-nike-just-does-it-again/ |access-date=September 12, 2020}}</ref> Previously, in 2017, the Nike brand was valued at $29.6 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Most Valuable Brands 2017: 16. Nike |url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/591c87fc31358e03e5593101/16-nike/ |access-date=September 27, 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Nike ranked [[List of largest companies in the United States by revenue|89th]] in the 2018 [[Fortune 500]] list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |access-date=November 10, 2018 |website=Fortune |language=en-US |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110190356/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company ranked 239th in the [https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/ Forbes Global 2000 companies] in 2024.
According to [[Otis Davis]], a student athlete whom Bowerman coached at the [[University of Oregon]], who later went on to win two gold medals at the [[1960 Summer Olympics]], Bowerman made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight. Says Davis, "I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I don't care what all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me. People don't believe me. In fact, I didn't like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight. But I saw Bowerman make them from the [[waffle iron]], and they were mine."<ref name=HudReporter2006>{{cite web|author=[[Jim Hague|Hague, Jim]]|title=Truant officer was Olympic hero Emerson High has gold medalist in midst|publisher=The Hudson Reporter|date=May 14, 2006|url=http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/2408547/article-Truant-officer-was-Olympic-hero-Emerson-High-has-gold-medallist-in-midst?|accessdate=2012-03-18}}</ref>


{{TOC limit|3}}
In 1964, in its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000. By 1965 the fledgling company had acquired a full-time employee and sales had reached $20,000. In 1966, BRS opened its first retail store, located at 3107 Pico Boulevard in [[Santa Monica, California]] next to a beauty salon, so its employees no longer needed to sell inventory from the back of their cars. In 1967, due to rapidly increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley, Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nike Company History|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/nike-inc-history/}}</ref>


==History==
By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the [[Swoosh]] newly designed by [[Carolyn Davidson]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/logos-that-became-legends-icons-from-the-world-of-advertising-768077.html| title = Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising
{{see also|Nike timeline}}
|work=The Independent |location=UK| date = 2008-01-04| accessdate = 2010-02-11| location=London}}</ref> The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971, and was registered with the [[U.S. Patent and Trademark Office]] on January 22, 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tess2.uspto.gov/bin/gate.exe?f=doc&state=4002:r9hu49.4.1|title=Registration Number 72414177|work=TESS|publisher=U.S. Patent & Trademark Office|accessdate=February 11, 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Knight and Bowerman.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Bill Bowerman]] (left) conversing with [[Phil Knight]] (second from left) and two other members of the Oregon track team, 1958]]
Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by [[University of Oregon]] track athlete [[Phil Knight]] and his coach, [[Bill Bowerman]], on January 25, 1964.<ref name="O'Reilly-2014">{{Cite web|last=O'Reilly|first=Lara|date=November 4, 2014|title=11 Things Hardly Anyone Knows About Nike|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-nike-facts-about-its-50th-anniversary-2014-11|access-date=January 26, 2020|website=Business Insider}}</ref> The company initially operated in [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], [[Oregon]] as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker [[Onitsuka Tiger]], making most sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile.<ref name="O'Reilly-2014" />


According to [[Otis Davis]], a [[University of Oregon]] student-athlete coached by Bowerman and [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists|Olympic gold medalist]] at the [[1960 Summer Olympics]], his coach made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight. According to Davis, "I told [[Tom Brokaw]] that I was the first. I don't care what all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me. People don't believe me. In fact, I didn't like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight. But I saw Bowerman made them from the [[waffle iron]], and they were mine".<ref name=HudReporter2006>{{cite web|author=Hague, Jim|author-link=Jim Hague|title=Truant officer was Olympic hero Emerson High has gold medalist in midst|newspaper=The Hudson Reporter|date=May 14, 2006 |url=http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/2408547/article-Truant-officer-was-Olympic-hero-Emerson-High-has-gold-medallist-in-midst?|access-date=March 18, 2012|archive-date=May 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504210729/http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/2408547/article-Truant-officer-was-Olympic-hero-Emerson-High-has-gold-medallist-in-midst|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first advertising agency. The following year, the agency created the first "brand ad" for Nike, called "There is no finish line," in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.<ref name="nikeinc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nikeinc.com/company_overview/history/1980s.html |title=Company Overview : History : 1970s |publisher=Nikebiz |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref>


In its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000.<ref>{{Cite book|title=International directory of company histories. Vol. 5.|date=1992|publisher=St. James Press |author1=Adele Hast |author2=Thomson Gale|isbn=978-1-55862-646-1|location=Detroit, MI|pages=372 |oclc=769042318}}</ref> By 1965, sales had reached $20,000. In 1966, BRS opened its first retail store at 3107 Pico Boulevard in [[Santa Monica, California]]. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/nike-inc-history/|title=History of NIKE, Inc. |website=FundingUniverse}}</ref>
Together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nike's primary ad agency. It was agency co-founder [[Dan Wieden]] who coined the now-famous slogan "[[Just Do It (Nike)|Just Do It]]" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign, which was chosen by ''Advertising Age'' as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century and enshrined in the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref name="nikebiz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nikebiz.com/company_overview/history/1980s.html |title=Company Overview : History : 1970s |publisher=Nikebiz |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref> [[Walt Stack]] was featured in Nike's first "Just Do It" advertisement, which debuted on July 1, 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/07/nikes_just_do_it_slogan_celebr.html |title=Nike's 'Just Do It' slogan celebrates 20 years &#124; Oregon Business News |publisher=OregonLive.com |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref> Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to "Let’s do it," the last words spoken by [[Gary Gilmore]] before he was executed.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/business/media/20adco.html?_r=3&ref=business |author=Peters, Jeremy W. |title= The Birth of 'Just Do It' and Other Magic Words |date= August 19, 2009 |work=The New York Times |accessdate= 2009-09-30}}</ref>


In 1971, Bowerman used his wife's waffle iron to experiment on rubber to create a new sole for track shoes that would grip but be lightweight and increase the runner's speed. Oregon's [[Hayward Field]] was transitioning to an artificial surface, and Bowerman wanted a sole which could grip to grass or bark dust without the use of spikes. Bowerman was talking to his wife about this puzzle over breakfast, when the waffle iron idea came into play.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Hayley |title=The bizarre inspiration behind Nike's first pair of running shoes |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nikes-first-running-shoes-were-made-in-a-waffle-iron-2015-7 |access-date=26 April 2018 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>
Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to encompass many sports and regions throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~gavin/pub/IntlBusMgmtNike.pdf | format=PDF | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20031205030336/http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~gavin/pub/IntlBusMgmtNike.pdf | archivedate= 2003-12-05| date= December 11, 2002 | first1= Jeff | last1=Porter | first2=Mark |last2= Harris | first3= Gavin|last3= Yeung | title= Nike |work= Management 296 – International Business Management | accessdate=2013-02-06 }}</ref> In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building World Headquarters campus in [[Beaverton, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web| title= As Nike looks to expand, it already has a 22-building empire | url= http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/02/as_nike_looks_to_expand_it_alr.html | date= February 2, 2013 | publisher= [[The Oregonian]] | first=Allan |last=Brettman| accessdate=2013-02-06| quote= The first phase of the Nike World Headquarters campus opened in 1990 and included eight buildings. Now, there are 22 buildings.}}</ref>

Bowerman's design led to the introduction of the "Moon Shoe" in 1972, so named because the waffle tread was said to resemble the [[footprints]] left by astronauts on the Moon. Further refinement resulted in the "Waffle Trainer" in 1974, which helped fuel the explosive growth of Blue Ribbon Sports/Nike.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Holt |first1=Douglas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_xkhcbKJx4C&pg=PT41 |title=Cultural Strategy: Using Innovative Ideologies to Build Breakthrough Brands |last2=Cameron |first2=Douglas |date=1 November 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-958740-7 |pages=41– |access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheerder |first=Jeroen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CX8usTKzAMC&pg=PA75 |title=Vlaanderen loopt! Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de loopsportmarkt |publisher=Academia Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-90-382-1484-9 |pages=75– |access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref>

Tension between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger increased in 1971 as the latter attempted a takeover of BRS by extending an ultimatum proposal that would give the Japanese company 51 percent of BRS.<ref name="Gereffi-1993">{{Cite book |last1=Gereffi |first1=Gary |title=Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism |last2=Korzeniewicz |first2=Miguel |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1993 |isbn=0-275-94573-1 |location=Westport, CT |pages=253 |language=en}}</ref> In 1972, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger came to an end.<ref name="Gereffi-1993" /> BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear. The previous year, it was already able to place from two Japanese shoe manufacturers the company's first independent order for 20,000, which included 6,000 that had the Nike logo.<ref name="Gereffi-1993" /> Runner Jeff Johnson was brought in to help market the new brand and was credited for coining the name “Nike”.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Houze |first=Rebecca |title=New Mythologies in Design and Culture: Reading Signs and Symbols in the Visual Landscape |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4725-1849-1 |location=London |language=en}}</ref> It would bear the [[Swoosh]] newly designed by [[Carolyn Davidson (graphic designer)|Carolyn Davidson]].<ref>{{cite news |work=The Independent |date=January 4, 2008 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/logos-that-became-legends-icons-from-the-world-of-advertising-768077.html| title=Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising |access-date=February 11, 2010}}</ref><ref name="thestreet.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestreet.com/lifestyle/history-of-nike-15057083|title=History of Nike: Timeline and Facts|last=Meyer|first=Jack|date=August 14, 2019|website=[[TheStreet.com]]|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunt |first=Joshua |title=University of Nike: How Corporate Cash Bought American Higher Education |publisher=Melville House |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-61219-691-6 |pages=22 |location=Brooklyn, NY}}</ref> and was registered with the [[U.S. Patent and Trademark Office]] on January 22, 1974.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Cait |title=A History of American Sports in 100 Objects |publisher=Basic Books |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-465-09775-3 |location=New York |pages=1973}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=TSDR |url=http://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=72414177&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch |title= Registration Number 72414177|publisher=U.S. Patent & Trademark Office|access-date=May 18, 2014}}</ref>

In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first [[advertising agency]].<ref name="Adage-2003">{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/nike/98797|title=Nike Inc.|date=September 15, 2003|website=adage.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> The following year, the agency created the first "brand ad" for Nike, called "There is no finish line", in which no Nike product was shown.<ref name="Adage-2003" /> By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/nike-inc|title=Nike Inc|website=Encyclopedia.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref>

[[Wieden+Kennedy]], Nike's primary ad agency, has worked with Nike to create many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nike's primary ad agency.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cole |first1=C. L. |title=Therapeutic Publicity |journal=Journal of Sport and Social Issues |date=February 2002 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=3–5 |doi=10.1177/0193723502261001|s2cid=220320153 | issn = 0193-7235 }}</ref> It was agency co-founder [[Dan Wieden]] who coined the now-famous slogan "[[Just Do It]]" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/09/04/from-lets-do-it-to-just-do-it-how-nike-adapted-gary-gilmores-last-words-before-execution/|title='Just Do It': The surprising and morbid origin story of Nike's slogan|last=Bella|first=Timothy|date=September 4, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> which was chosen by ''Advertising Age'' as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century and enshrined in the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/special-report-the-advertising-century/ad-age-advertising-century-top-10-slogans/140156|title=Ad Age Advertising Century: Top 10 Slogans|date=March 29, 1999|website=adage.com |access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> [[Walt Stack]] was featured in Nike's first "Just Do It" advertisement, which debuted on July 1, 1988.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nike's 'Just Do It' slogan celebrates 20 years |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/07/nikes_just_do_it_slogan_celebr.html |publisher=OregonLive.com |access-date=March 4, 2010 |date=July 18, 2008}}</ref> Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to "Let's do it", the last words spoken by [[Gary Gilmore]] before he was executed.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |title=The Birth of 'Just Do It' and Other Magic Words |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/business/media/20adco.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 August 2009 }}</ref>

Nike manufactured its first uniforms for a professional sports team in 1979 when its jersey for the [[Portland Timbers (NASL)|Portland Timbers]] of the [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]] debuted.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bachman |first=Rachel |date=April 13, 2011 |title=The Bachscore: Portland Timbers history and the original 'Nike' uniforms |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/2011/04/the_bachscore_portland_timbers.html |work=[[The Oregonian]] |accessdate=May 1, 2024}}</ref> Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to encompass many sports and regions throughout the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newitts.com/blog/history-of-nike?country=/|title=History of Nike |website=www.newitts.com|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building [[Nike World Headquarters|World Headquarters]] campus in Beaverton, Oregon.<ref>{{cite web |title=As Nike looks to expand, it already has a 22-building empire |date=February 2, 2013 |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2013/02/as_nike_looks_to_expand_it_alr.html |first=Allan |last=Brettman| access-date=February 6, 2013| quote=The first phase of the Nike World Headquarters campus opened in 1990 and included eight buildings. Now, there are 22 buildings.}}</ref> The first Nike retail store, dubbed Niketown, opened in [[downtown Portland]] in November of that year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Brettman|first=Allan|title=NikeTown Portland to close forever [at its original location] on Friday|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=October 27, 2011 |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2011/10/niketown_portland_to_close_for.html|access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref>

Phil Knight announced in mid-2015 that he would step down as chairman of Nike in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/nike-chairman-phil-knight-to-step-down-in-2016/2015070116905 |first=Danielle|last=Wightman-Stone|date=July 1, 2015|access-date=July 1, 2015|work=[[FashionUnited]] |title=Nike chairman Phil Knight to step down in 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bain|first=Marc |url=https://qz.com/442042/more-than-anyone-else-it-was-phil-knight-who-built-nike-from-scratch-into-the-worlds-biggest-sports-brand/|title=How Phil Knight turned the Nike brand into a global powerhouse |date=June 30, 2015 |website=Quartz|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> He officially stepped down from all duties with the company on June 30, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kate|last=Vinton |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2016/06/30/nike-cofounder-and-chairman-phil-knight-officially-retires-from-the-board/|date=June 30, 2016|access-date=February 17, 2018|work=[[FashionUnited]]|title=Nike Cofounder And Chairman Phil Knight Officially Retires From The Board}}</ref>

In a company public announcement on March 15, 2018, Nike CEO [[Mark Parker]] said Trevor Edwards, a top Nike executive who was seen as a potential successor to the chief executive, was relinquishing his position as Nike's brand president and would retire in August.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hsu |first1=Tiffany |title=Nike Executive Resigns; C.E.O. Addresses Workplace Behavior Complaints |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/15/business/nike-executive-workplace-misconduct.html |work=The New York Times |date=16 March 2018 }}</ref>

In October 2019, [[John Donahoe]] was announced as the next CEO, and succeeded Parker on January 13, 2020.<ref name="Bloomberg LP">{{cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Nick |title=Nike Taps EBay Veteran John Donahoe to Succeed Parker as CEO |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-22/nike-names-ebay-veteran-john-donahoe-to-succeed-parker-as-ceo |access-date=October 22, 2019 |work=Bloomberg LP |date=October 22, 2019}}</ref> In November 2019, the company stopped selling directly through [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], focusing more on direct relationships with customers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hanbury|first=Mary|date=November 13, 2019|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/nike-stops-selling-amazon-2019-11|title=Nike confirms that it is no longer selling its products on Amazon|website=Business Insider|access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref>


===Acquisitions===
===Acquisitions===
[[File:Nike Flagship - NYC (48155560636).jpg|thumb|180px|A Nike flagship store in [[Manhattan]]]]
Nike has acquired several apparel and footwear companies over the course of its history, some of which have since been sold. Its first acquisition was the upscale footwear company [[Cole Haan]] in 1988,<ref name=colehaanacquired>{{cite news|title=Cole-Haan to Nike For $80 Million|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/26/business/company-news-cole-haan-to-nike-for-80-million.html|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 April 1988}}</ref> followed by the purchase of [[Bauer Hockey]] in 1994. In 2002, Nike bought surf apparel company [[Hurley International]] from founder [[Bob Hurley]].<ref name=hurleyacquired>{{cite news|last=Connelly|first=Laylan|title=Bob Hurley: Success built on everyone's inner surfer|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/hurley-408856-company-surf.html|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=Orange County Register|date=22 January 2013}}</ref> In 2003, Nike paid US$309&nbsp;million to acquire [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]], makers of the [[Chuck Taylor All-Stars]] line of sneakers.<ref>{{cite news | first = Joshua | last = Partlow | title = Nike Drafts An All Star |work=The Washington Post | date = July, 2003 | url =http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A9001-2003Jul17?language=printer | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}</ref> The company acquired [[Starter Clothing Line|Starter]] in 2004<ref name=starteracq>{{cite news|title=Nike unloads Starter for $60M|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2007/11/12/daily22.html|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=15 November 2007}}</ref> and [[Umbro]], known as the manufacturers of the [[England national football team]]'s [[kit (association football)|kit]], in 2008.<ref name=umbroacqanddivest>{{cite news|last=Townsend|first=Matt|title=Iconix Brand Buys Nike’s Umbro Soccer Unit for $225 Million|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=BloombergBusinessweek|date=24 October 2012}}</ref>


In order to refocus on its core business lines, Nike began divesting of some of its subsidiaries in the 2000s.<ref name=chaan>{{cite news|last=Dezember|first=Ryan|title=After Umbro, Nike Turns to Cole Haan Sale|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203897404578076360671279662.html|accessdate=12 February 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=24 October 2012}}</ref> It sold Starter in 2007<ref name=starteracq /> and Bauer Hockey in 2008.<ref name=bauerdivestment>{{cite news|last=Austen|first=Ian|title=Hockey Fan, and Investor, Buys Bauer From Nike|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/business/22nike.html|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=The New York TImes|date=22 February 2008}}</ref> The company sold Umbro in 2012,<ref name=umbrodivestment>{{cite news|last=Stevens|first=Suzanne|title=Nike completes Umbro sale to Iconix|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2012/12/nike-completes-umbro-sale-to-iconix.html|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=3 December 2012}}</ref> and Cole Haan in 2013.<ref name=colehaandivestment>{{cite news|title=Nike completes Cole Haan sale|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2013/02/nike-completes-cole-haan-sale.html|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=4 February 2013}}</ref> As of 2013, Nike owns two key subsidiaries: [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse Inc.]] and [[Hurley International]].<ref name=tworemainingsubsidiaries>{{cite news|title=Nike Completes Sale of Cole Haan to APAX Partners, LLP|url=http://online.barrons.com/article/PR-CO-20130201-912339.html?mod=BOL_qtnews_pressrel|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=Barrons / Business Wire|date=1 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=subsidiariesremaining>{{cite news|last=Brettman|first=Allan|title=With Cole Haan sale, Nike can focus on more important things, analysts say|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/index.ssf/2012/11/with_cole_haan_sale_nike_can_f.html|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=16 November 2012}}</ref>
Nike has acquired and sold several apparel and footwear companies over the course of its history. Its first acquisition was the upscale footwear company [[Cole Haan]] in 1988,<ref name=colehaanacquired>{{cite news |title=COMPANY NEWS; Cole-Haan to Nike For $80 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/26/business/company-news-cole-haan-to-nike-for-80-million.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 April 1988 }}</ref> followed by the purchase of [[Bauer Hockey]] in 1994.<ref name="bauerdivestment" /> In 2002, Nike bought surf apparel company [[Hurley International]] from founder Bob Hurley.<ref name=hurleyacquired>{{cite news|last=Connelly|first=Laylan |title=Bob Hurley: Success built on everyone's inner surfer|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/hurley-408856-company-surf.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=Orange County Register|date=January 22, 2013}}</ref> In 2003, Nike paid US$309&nbsp;million to acquire sneaker company [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Partlow |title=Nike Drafts An All Star |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 2003 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A9001-2003Jul17?language=printer |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110629060107/http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A9001-2003Jul17?language=printer |url-status=dead |archive-date =June 29, 2011 |access-date=June 2, 2008}}</ref> The company acquired [[Starter Clothing Line|Starter]] in 2004<ref name=starteracq>{{cite news|title=Nike unloads Starter for $60M |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2007/11/12/daily22.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=Portland Business Journal|date=November 15, 2007}}</ref> and soccer uniform maker [[Umbro]] in 2007.<ref name=umbroacqanddivest>{{cite news|last=Townsend|first=Matt |title=Iconix Brand Buys Nike's Umbro Soccer Unit for $225 Million |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025132518/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-24/iconix-brand-buys-nike-s-umbro-soccer-unit-for-225-million |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |access-date=February 13, 2013|newspaper=BloombergBusinessweek|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref>

In order to refocus its business lines, Nike began divesting itself of some of its subsidiaries in the 2000s.<ref name=chaan>{{cite news|last=Dezember|first=Ryan|title=After Umbro, Nike Turns to Cole Haan Sale |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203897404578076360671279662|access-date=February 12, 2013 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=October 24, 2012}}</ref> It sold Starter in 2007<ref name=starteracq /> and Bauer Hockey in 2008.<ref name=bauerdivestment>{{cite news |last1=Austen |first1=Ian |title=Hockey Fan, and Investor, Buys Bauer From Nike |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/business/22nike.html |work=The New York Times |date=22 February 2008 }}</ref> The company sold Umbro in 2012<ref name=umbrodivestment>{{cite news|last=Stevens |first=Suzanne|title=Nike completes Umbro sale to Iconix|newspaper=Portland Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2012/12/nike-completes-umbro-sale-to-iconix.html|access-date=February 13, 2013|date=December 3, 2012}}</ref> and Cole Haan in 2013.<ref name=colehaandivestment>{{cite news|title=Nike completes Cole Haan sale|newspaper=Portland Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2013/02/nike-completes-cole-haan-sale.html |access-date=February 13, 2013|date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> As of 2020, Nike owns only one subsidiary: [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse Inc.]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

Nike acquired Zodiac, a consumer data analytics company, in March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's purchase of analytics firm Zodiac highlights focus on customer lifetime value |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/nikes-purchase-of-analytics-firm-zodiac-highlights-focus-on-customer-lifetime-value/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref> In August 2019, the company acquired Celect, a Boston-based predictive analytics company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Lauren |date=2019-08-06 |title=Nike acquires A.I. platform Celect, hoping to better predict shopping behavior |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/nike-acquires-ai-platform-celect-hoping-to-predict-shopping-behavior.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> In December 2021, Nike purchased RTFKT Studios, a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawler |first=Richard |date=2021-12-13 |title=Nike just bought a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs and sneakers 'for the metaverse' |url=https://www.theverge.com/22833369/nike-rtfkt-nft-sneaker-shoe-metaverse-company |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2021, Nike acquired Datalogue, a New York-based company focused on digital sales and machine learning technology.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kish|first=Matthew|date=February 8, 2021|title=Nike acquires Datalogue as part of continued digital shift|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/news/2021/02/08/nike-acquires-datalogue.html|access-date=February 8, 2021|website=Portland Business Journal}}</ref>


===Finance===
===Finance===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
Nike Inc. will buy back $8 billion of Nike's class B stock in 4 years after the current $5 billion buyback program is completed in second quarter of fiscal 2013. Up to September 2012, Nike Inc. has bought back $10 billion of stock.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/20/us-nike-buyback-idUSBRE88J01T20120920 |title=Nike approves $8 billion share repurchase program |date=September 20, 2012}}</ref>
|+Nike Sales by region (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nike, Inc.: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile {{!}} US6541061031 {{!}} MarketScreener |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/NIKE-INC-13739/company/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en}}</ref>
!Region
!share
|-
|North America
|42.2%
|-
|Europe, Middle East and Africa
|26.2%
|-
|Greater China
|14.2%
|-
|Asia Pacific & Latin America
|12.6%
|-
|Global
|4.9%
|-
|Corporate
|0.1%
|}
Nike was made a member of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] in 2013, when it replaced [[Alcoa]].<ref name="Barron's">{{cite web|last1=Goldwyn Blumenthal|first1=Robin|title=Alcoa's CEO Is Remaking the Industrial Giant|url=http://www.barrons.com/articles/alcoas-ceo-is-remaking-the-industrial-giant-1437806016|website=Barron's|access-date=September 13, 2015}}</ref>

On December 19, 2013, Nike's quarterly profit rose due to a 13 percent increase in global orders for merchandise since April of that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-19 |title=Nike profit rises, futures orders up 13 percent |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nike-results-idUSL2N0JX2BG20131219 |access-date=2023-07-21}}</ref> Future orders of shoes or clothes for delivery between December and April, rose to $10.4 billion. Nike shares (NKE) rose 0.6 percent to $78.75 in extended trading.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/nike-fiscal-2nd-quarter-profit-40-percent-21280853 |title=Nike Fiscal 2nd-Quarter Profit Jumps 40 Percent|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=December 19, 2013}}</ref>

In November 2015, Nike announced it would initiate a $12 billion share buyback, as well as a two-for-one stock split, with shares to begin trading at the decreased price on December 24.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/11/20/what-nikes-two-for-one-stock-split-means-for-the-dow/|title=What Nike's Two-For-One Stock Split Means for the Dow|last=Scholer|first=Kristen|date=November 20, 2015|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=December 1, 2015}}</ref> The split will be the seventh in company history.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In June 2018, Nike announced it would initiate a $15 billion share buyback over four years, to begin in 2019 upon completion of the previous buyback program.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nike-earnings-q4-2018-2018-6-1027328545|title=Nike surges after beating on earnings and announcing $15 billion in buybacks (NKE) {{!}} Markets Insider|work=markets.businessinsider.com|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref>

For the fiscal year 2018, Nike reported earnings of US$1.933 billion, with annual revenue of US$36.397 billion, an increase of 6.0% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nike's shares traded at over $72 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$114.5 billion in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NKE/nike/revenue|title=NIKE Revenue 2006–2018 {{!}} NKE|website=www.macrotrends.net|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Sales by product (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Product
!share
|-
|Footwear
|64.7%
|-
|Apparel
|27.0%
|-
|Converse
|4.7%
|-
|Equipment
|3.4%
|-
|Global Brand
|0.1%
|-
|Corporate
|0.1%
|}
In February 2020, the company said that roughly 75% of Nike stores in Greater China had closed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. In March 2020, Nike reported a 5% drop in Chinese sales associated with stores' closure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Lauren |date=2020-03-24 |title=Nike sales beat analysts' estimates, but earnings fall, hurt by coronavirus pandemic |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/24/nike-nke-reports-q3-fiscal-2020-earnings.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> It was the first decrease in six years. At the same time, the company's online sales grew by 36% during Q1 of 2020. Also, the sales of personal training apps grew by 80% in China.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harper|first=Justin|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52029744|title=Nike turns to digital sales during China shutdown|date=March 25, 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=March 25, 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
!Year
!Revenue<br />in mil. USD
!Net income<br />in mil. USD
!Total assets<br />in mil. USD
!Price per share<br />in USD
!Employees
|-
|2005
|13,740
|1,212
|8,794
|8.75
|26,000
|-
|2006
|14,955
|1,392
|9,870
|9.01
|28,000
|-
|2007
|16,326
|1,492
|10,688
|12.14
|30,200
|-
|2008
|18,627
|1,883
|12,443
|13.05
|32,500
|-
|2009
|19,176
| 1,487
|13,250
|12.14
|34,300
|-
|2010
|19,014
| 1,907
|14,419
|16.80
|34,400
|-
|2011
|20,117
|2,133
|14,998
|19.82
|38,000
|-
|2012
|23,331
|2,211
|15,465
|23.39
|44,000
|-
|2013
|25,313
|2,472
|17,545
|30.50
|48,000
|-
|2014
|27,799
|2,693
|18,594
|38.56
|56,500
|-
|2015
|30,601
| 3,273
|21,597
|53.18
|62,600
|-
|2016
|32,376
|3,760
|21,379
|54.80
|70,700
|-
|2017
|34,350
|4,240
|23,259
|54.99
|74,400
|-
|2018
|36,397
|1,933
|22,536
|72.63
|73,100
|-
|2019
|39,117
|4,029
|23,717
|86.73
|76,700
|-
|2020
|37,403
|2,539
|31,342
|106.46
|75,400
|-
|2021
|44,538
|5,727
|37,740
|141.47
|73,300
|-
|2022
|46,710
|6,046
|40,321
|166.67
|79,100
|-
|2023
|51,217
|5,070
|37,531
|
|83,700
|}

=== Logo evolution ===
{{see also|Swoosh}}
{{Gallery
| title =
| align = center
| footer =
| height = 120
| width = 150
| captionstyle =
|File:Blue ribbon sports logo.png|1964–71
|File:Nike swoosh logo71.png|1971–78 {{refn|This logo is still used on some throwback apparel.|group=note2}}
|File:Old Nike logo.jpg|1978–95{{refn|This logo is still used as a secondary logo, notably on casual wear apparel.|group=note2}}
|File:Logo_NIKE.svg|1995–present
}}

;Notes
{{reflist|group=note2}}


==Products==
==Products==
===Sports apparel===
[[File:Zoom elite 2.png|thumb|A Nike brand [[athletic shoe]]]]
[[File:Airjordan1985-1st.JPG|thumb|A pair of Nike Air Jordan I basketball shoes]]
[[File:Nike mercurial astroturf cropped.jpg|thumb|Mercurial [[astro turf]] shoes]]
[[File:Nike astro turf trainers, black and blue.jpg|thumb|Nike astro turf shoes]]
Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment. Their first products were track running shoes. They currently also make shoes, jerseys, shorts, [[baselayers]], etc. for a wide range of sports, including track and field, baseball, [[ice hockey]], tennis, association football (soccer), [[lacrosse]], basketball, and [[cricket]]. [[Nike Air Max]] is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6.0, Nike NYX, and [[Nike SB]] shoes, designed for [[skateboarding]]. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors'.<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike launches cricket shoe Air Zoom Yorker | publisher=The Hindu Business Line | date = September 2, 2006 | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/09/02/stories/2006090203260500.htm | accessdate = 2008-06-02}}</ref> In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high-performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind.
Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment and apparel. Their first products were track running shoes. [[Nike Air Max]] is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. Additional product lines were introduced later, such as Air Huarache, which debuted in 1992. The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6.0, Nike NYX, and [[Nike SB]] shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors'.<ref>{{cite web | title = Nike launches cricket shoe Air Zoom Yorker | publisher = The Hindu Business Line | date = September 2, 2006 | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/09/02/stories/2006090203260500.htm | access-date = June 2, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110811035656/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/09/02/stories/2006090203260500.htm | archive-date = August 11, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high-performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind.


Nike sells an assortment of products, including shoes and apparel for sports activities like association football,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerpro.com/Nike-Air-Zoom-Control-II-FS-Indoor-Soccer-Shoes-c439/ |title=Nike Air Zoom Control II FS Futsal Shoes at Soccer Pro |publisher=Soccerpro.com |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref> basketball, running, [[combat sports]], tennis, [[American football]], athletics, golf, and [[cross training]] for men, women, and children. Nike also sells shoes for outdoor activities such as tennis, golf, [[skateboarding]], association football, baseball, [[American football]], cycling, volleyball, [[wrestling]], [[cheerleading]], aquatic activities, auto racing, and other athletic and recreational uses. Nike is well known and popular in [[youth culture]], [[chav]] culture and [[hip hop culture]] for their supplying of [[urban fashion]] clothing. Nike recently teamed up with [[Apple Inc.]] to produce the [[Nike+iPod|Nike+]] product that monitors a runner's performance via a radio device in the shoe that links to the [[iPod nano]]. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users' [[RFID]] devices from {{convert|60|ft|m}} away using small, concealable intelligence [[Crossbow Technology|motes]]<!--- intended reference is Intel Mote iMote2---> in a [[wireless sensor network]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/systems/nikeipod/tracker-paper.pdf|title=Devices That Tell On You: The Nike+iPod Sport Kit|author=T. Scott Saponas, Jonathan Lester, Carl Hartung, Tadayoshi Kohno}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com/NikeiPod-raises-RFID-privacy-concerns/2100-1029_3-6143606.html?part=dl&tag=feed_2574&subj=6143606&tag=news|title=Nike+iPod raises RFID privacy concerns|author=Tom Espiner|date=2006-12-13|publisher=CNet}}</ref>
Nike's range of products include shoes, jerseys, shorts, [[Cleat (shoe)|cleats]], [[baselayers]], etc. for sports activities such as soccer,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soccerpro.com/Nike-Air-Zoom-Control-II-FS-Indoor-Soccer-Shoes-c439/ |title=Nike Air Zoom Control II FS Futsal Shoes at Soccer Pro |publisher=Soccerpro.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> basketball, track and field, [[combat sports]], tennis, [[American football]], athletics, golf, [[ice hockey]], and [[cross training]] for men, women, and children. Nike also sells shoes for activities such as [[skateboarding]], baseball, cycling, volleyball, [[wrestling]], [[cheerleading]], [[lacrosse]], [[cricket]], aquatic activities, auto racing, and other athletic and recreational uses. Nike partnered with [[Apple Inc.]] to produce the [[Nike+iPod|Nike+]] product that monitors a runner's performance via a radio device in the shoe that links to the [[iPod nano]]. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users' [[RFID]] devices from {{convert|60|ft|m}} away using small, concealable intelligence [[Crossbow Technology|motes]]<!--- intended reference is Intel Mote iMote2---> in a [[wireless sensor network]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/systems/nikeipod/tracker-paper.pdf |title=Devices That Tell On You: The Nike+iPod Sport Kit |author1=T. Scott Saponas |author2=Jonathan Lester |author3=Carl Hartung |author4=Tadayoshi Kohno |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907051813/http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/systems/nikeipod/tracker-paper.pdf |archive-date=September 7, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com/NikeiPod-raises-RFID-privacy-concerns/2100-1029_3-6143606.html?part=dl&tag=feed_2574&subj=6143606&tag=news|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904043220/http://www.news.com/NikeiPod-raises-RFID-privacy-concerns/2100-1029_3-6143606.html?part=dl&tag=feed_2574&subj=6143606&tag=news|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 4, 2012|title=Nike+iPod raises RFID privacy concerns|author=Tom Espiner|date=December 13, 2006|publisher=CNet}}</ref>


In 2004, Nike launched the [[SPARQ Training|SPARQ Training Program]]/Division.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://spectrumsp.com/2013/06/sparq-nike-performance-summitt/|title=SPARQ – Nike Performance Summitt |date=June 4, 2013 |work=SPECTRUM, Inc|access-date=April 13, 2017}}</ref> Some of Nike's newest shoes contain [[Nike Flywire|Flywire]] and Lunarlite Foam to reduce weight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icis.com/Articles/2008/08/04/9144388/latest-materials-improve-sportswear-performance.html |title=Latest materials improve sportswear performance |access-date=October 14, 2008 |publisher=ICIS Chemical Business}}</ref> The Air Zoom Vomero running shoe, introduced in 2006 and currently in its 11th generation, featured a combination of groundbreaking innovations including a full-length air cushioned sole,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sneakernews.com/2015/06/08/nike-is-celebrating-the-20th-anniversary-of-nike-zoom-with-incredible-running-shoes/|title=Newest Nike Zoom Running Shoes &#124; SneakerNews.com|date=June 8, 2015}}</ref> an external heel counter, a crashpad in the heel for shock absorption, and Fit Frame technology for a stable fit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://footwearnews.com/2016/focus/athletic-outdoor/nike-air-zoom-vomero-11-sneakers-release-199000/|title=Nike Air Zoom Vomero 11 Drops Tomorrow|first1=Peter |last1=Verry|date=March 2, 2016}}</ref>
In 2004, Nike launched the [[Nike SPARQ|SPARQ Training Program]]/Division.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}


In 2023, Nike told ESPN that it would cease using kangaroo skins in its products by the end of that year and debut "a new Nike-only, proprietary synthetic upper, [with] a new material that is a better performance solution and replaces the use of kangaroo leather."<ref>Dan Hajducky,"[https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-fifa/story/4900211/nikepuma-to-stop-using-kangaroo-leather-in-soccer-boots Nike, Puma to stop using kangaroo leather in soccer boots, all products]," ESPN, 13 March 2023.</ref>
Some of Nike's newest shoes contain [[Nike Flywire|Flywire]] and Lunarlite Foam to reduce weight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icis.com/Articles/2008/08/04/9144388/latest-materials-improve-sportswear-performance.html |title=Latest materials improve sportswear performance |accessdate=2008-10-14 |publisher=ICIS Chemical Business }}</ref>


====Nike Vaporfly====
On July 15, 2009, the Nike+ Sports Band was released in stores. The product records distance run and calories expended, keeps time, and also gives runners new programs online they could try running.{{clarify|date=September 2011|reason=While running or does running mean using?}}
[[File:Nike Vaporfly Cut in Half.png|thumb|Nike Vaporfly cut in half to show the different layers that make up the base of the shoe. The dark grey line shows the carbon fiber plate.]]


The Nike Vaporfly first came out in 2017 and their popularity, along with its performance, prompted a new series of running shoes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-shoe-factbox-idUSKBN1ZN0NH|title=Factbox: Nike's Vaporfly running shoes and tumbling records|date=January 24, 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=March 10, 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bachman-2020">{{cite news |last1=Bachman |first1=Rachel |last2=Safdar |first2=Khadeeja |title=Nike Vaporfly Shoes Won't Be Banned From Olympics |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nikes-controversial-vaporfly-shoe-cleared-for-use-at-tokyo-olympics-11580484025 |work=WSJ |date=31 January 2020 }}</ref> The Vaporfly series has a new technological composition that has revolutionized long-distance running since studies have shown that these shoes can improve marathon race time up to 4.2%.<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> The composition of the sole contains a foamy material, Pebax, that Nike has altered and now calls it ZoomX (which can be found in other Nike products as well). Pebax foam can also be found in airplane insulation and is "squishier, bouncier, and lighter" than foams in typical running shoes.<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> In the middle of the ZoomX foam there is a full-length carbon fiber plate "designed to generate extra spring in every step".<ref name="Bachman-2020"/> At the time of this writing Nike had just released its newest product from the Vaporfly line, the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly NEXT%, which was marketed as "the fastest shoe we’ve ever made" using Nike's "two most innovative technologies, Nike ZoomX foam and VaporWeave material".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nike.com/running/vaporfly|title=Nike Vaporfly. Featuring the new Vaporfly NEXT%|website=Nike.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 11, 2020}}</ref>
The 2010 Nike Pro Combat jersey collection were worn by teams from the following universities: Miami, Alabama, Boise State University, Florida, Ohio State, [[Oregon State University]], Texas Christian University, Virginia Tech, West Virginia, and Pittsburgh. Teams will wear these jerseys in key matchups as well as any time the athletic department deems it necessary.<ref name=post>{{cite news |title=Nike Pro Combat Jersey Info |work=WVU Sports Insider |date=September 1, 2010 |url=http://blogs.thedaonline.com/sports/?p=2256 }}</ref>


===Street fashions=== <!-- Courtesy note per [[WP:RSECT]]: [[Nike Tempo]] and [[Nike Tempo shorts]] redirect here. -->
==Headquarters==<!-- This section is linked from [[Unincorporated area]] -->
[[File:Nike no-show socks.JPG|thumb|right|Nike Elite no-show socks with cushioned sole]]
Nike's world headquarters are surrounded by the city of [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]], but are within [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]]. The city attempted to forcibly annex Nike's headquarters, which led to a lawsuit by Nike, and [[lobbying]] by the company that ultimately ended in Oregon Senate Bill 887 of 2005. Under that bill's terms, Beaverton is specifically barred from forcibly annexing the land that Nike and [[Columbia Sportswear]] occupy in Washington County for 35 years, while [[Electro Scientific Industries]] and [[Tektronix]] receive the same protection for 30 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/oregonianextra/2006/06/appellate_court_rejects_beaver.html |title=Appellate court rejects Beaverton annexation &#124; The Oregonian Extra |publisher=Blog.oregonlive.com |date=2006-06-16 |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref>
[[File:Hypervenom, Nike trainers.jpg|thumb|right|Hypervenom sports shoes]]
[[File:Nike Victori One Men's Slides.jpg|thumb|Nike Victori One Men's Slides On Rain]]


The Nike brand, with its distinctive "[[Swoosh]]" logo, quickly became regarded as a status symbol<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2hBtKcZESoC&q=nike%20air%20max&pg=PA106|title=Beautiful things in popular culture |isbn=9781405178556|page=106|last=McKee|first=Alan|date=April 15, 2008|publisher=Wiley |access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref> in modern [[urban fashion]] and [[hip-hop fashion]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cnVUcxRA0MC&q=nike%20tempo&pg=PA102|title=Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh|pages=88, 102|last1=Goldman|first1=Peter|last2=Papson|first2=Stephen|date=1998|publisher=SAGE |access-date=April 2, 2016|isbn=9780761961499}}</ref> due to its association with success in sport.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCT05HUsYZ8C&q=nike%20air%20max&pg=PA17|title=Nike|access-date=April 2, 2016|first=Tracy|last=Carbasho|page=17|isbn=9781598843439 |date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO}}</ref> Beginning in the 1980s, various items of Nike clothing became staples of mainstream American [[youth culture|youth fashion]], especially tracksuits, [[shell suit]]s, [[baseball cap]]s, [[Air Jordans]], Air Force 1's, and [[Air Max]] running shoes<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuQDAAAAMBAJ&q=nike+air+max&pg=PA33|newspaper=[[Popular Mechanics]]|date=August 1987|access-date=April 2, 2016 |title=Nike's High-Stepping Air Force|page=33|publisher=Hearst Magazines}}</ref> with thick, air cushioned rubber soles and contrasting blue, yellow, green, white, or red trim.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWEEAAAAMBAJ&q=nike+air+max&pg=PA76-IA3|newspaper=Working Mother |title=Nike advert|access-date=April 2, 2016|page=76|last1=Media|first1=Working Mother|date=August 1987}}</ref> Limited edition sneakers and prototypes with a regional early release were known as [[Quickstrike sneakers|Quickstrikes]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gq.com/story/five-steps-to-reselling-sneakers-online|title=Five Easy Steps to Re-Selling Your Sneakers on the Internet |date=September 29, 2015 |website=GQ}}</ref> and became highly desirable items<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/nike-air-max-plus-black-blue-orange/|title=New Nike Air Max Plus Colorways Are on the Way |date=November 2, 2021|website=Highsnobiety}}</ref> for teenage members of the [[sneakerhead subculture]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sneakerwatch.com/article/021308/crazy-quickstrikes-20-most-limited-air-jordan-releases |title=Sneaker Watch |access-date=April 10, 2016 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107084908/http://www.sneakerwatch.com/article/021308/crazy-quickstrikes-20-most-limited-air-jordan-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Manufacturing==
Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States.<ref>[http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/reporting_sec/ar_99/corporate.html NikeBiz | Investors | Corporate]{{dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref> Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-50-most-trusted-brands/20110120.htm |title=India's 50 most trusted brands |publisher=rediff.com |date=2011-01-20}}</ref> Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Malaysia.<ref>[http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/gc/mp/pdf/disclosure_list_2005-06.pdf ]{{Dead link|date=March 2010}}</ref> Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like [[CorpWatch]], Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report.


By the 1990s and [[2000s youth fashion|2000s]], American and European teenagers<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-2014-10|title=Here's How Teens Really Spend Money, What They Like, And Where They Shop|first=Hayley|last=Peterson|website=Business Insider}}</ref> associated with the [[preppy]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6o7SrLdgx8gC&dq=nike+preppy&pg=PA172|title=Brand Failures: The Truth about the 100 Biggest Branding Mistakes of All Time|first=Matt|last=Haig|date=July 12, 2005 |publisher=Kogan Page Publishers|isbn=9780749444334 |via=Google Books}}</ref> or [[popular clique]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xze9-DIufJ0C&dq=nike+preppy&pg=PA29 |title=Dress to Express: Seven Secrets to Overcoming Closet Trauma and Revealing Your Inner Beauty |first=Tracy|last=McWilliams|date=March 1, 2012|publisher=New World Library|isbn=9781608681495 |via=Google Books}}</ref> began combining these sneakers,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hannahgale.co.uk/2015/01/22/26-signs-youre-the-absolute-queen-of-basic-bitches/|title=26 signs you're the absolute queen of basic bitches|date=January 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124204652/http://hannahgale.co.uk/2015/01/22/26-signs-youre-the-absolute-queen-of-basic-bitches/|archive-date=January 24, 2015|publisher=hannahgale.co.uk}}</ref> [[leggings]], sweatpants, [[crop top]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/back-to-basics-fall-fashion-guide|title=7 Basic Fall Looks to Embrace Your Inner #Basic|date=September 19, 2014|website=Vogue}}</ref> and tracksuits with regular [[casual chic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneytimes.com/articles/4885/20150907/nike-j-crews-toughest-rival.htm|title=Nike could be J. Crew's toughest rival|date=September 7, 2015|website=Money Times}}</ref> street clothes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetab.com/uk/exeter/2015/10/21/basic-exetah-bitch-28095|title=A comprehensive manual on becoming an EX4 basic betch|date=October 21, 2015|website=University of Exeter}}</ref> such as jeans, skirts, [[leg warmers]], [[slouch socks]], and [[bomber jacket]]s. Particularly popular<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Karen Iorio |date=2017-09-20 |title=The On-Sale Running Shorts You Should Buy in Bulk |url=https://www.racked.com/2017/9/20/16337836/nike-tempo-running-shorts |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Racked |language=en}}</ref> were the unisex spandex Nike Tempo [[compression shorts]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.smudailymustang.com/?p=4769 |title=Nike Tempo trend |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413203412/http://www.smudailymustang.com/?p=4769 |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> worn for cycling and running,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=10 Best Women's Running Shorts For Your New Year Fitness Regime |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/vogue-shops/gallery/running-shorts-women |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref> which had a mesh lining, waterproofing, and, later in the 2000s, a zip pocket for a [[Walkman]] or [[MP3 player]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ViG2kT2eDecC&q=nike%20tempo&pg=PT240|title=Running for beginners|year=2013 |page=240|publisher=Imagine|isbn=9781908955111|access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref>
===Human rights concerns===


From the late 2000s into the 2010s, Nike Elite basketball socks began to be worn as everyday clothes by hip-hop fans and young children.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Suzy|last=Fielders |url=https://journalnow.com/winstonsalemmonthly/the-young-the-stylish/article_794a11a6-f68d-11e5-bf5b-ef0644e800d3.html|title=The Young & the Stylish|website=Winston-Salem Journal|date=March 30, 2016 }}</ref>
====Sweatshops====
Originally plain white or black, these socks had special shock absorbing cushioning in the sole<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thesource.com/2016/03/07/introducing-the-nike-elite-versatility-sock/|title=Introducing the Nike Elite|access-date=April 2, 2016|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227091247/https://thesource.com/2016/03/07/introducing-the-nike-elite-versatility-sock/|url-status=dead}}</ref> plus a moisture wicking upper weave.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorful socks no longer a fad |url=http://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2014/05/02/style-conscious-men-prove-colorful-socks-no-longer-a-fad/ |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175234/https://blogs.marketwatch.com/behindthestorefront/2014/05/02/style-conscious-men-prove-colorful-socks-no-longer-a-fad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later, Nike Elite socks became available in bright colors inspired by throwback [[basketball uniform]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2015/04/28/do-you-like-the-new-socks-stance-is-creating-for-the-nba/ |title=Dr Jays |access-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416011833/http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2015/04/28/do-you-like-the-new-socks-stance-is-creating-for-the-nba/ |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> often with contrasting bold abstract designs, images of celebrities,<ref>{{Cite web|title=These Aaliyah, Nino Brown, and Eazy-E Nike Elite Socks Can't Be Real Life|website=Complex |url=https://www.complex.com/style/2013/10/aaliyah-nino-brown-freddy-krueger-nike-elite-socks}}</ref> and freehand digital print<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/style/2014/06/nike-elite-digital-ink-sock-printing-process |title=Nike Elite Is Releasing Socks Using Its Digital Ink Printing Process in Limited Quantities|website=Complex}}</ref> to capitalise upon the emerging nostalgia for [[1990s fashion]].
Nike has been criticized for contracting with factories (known as [[Nike sweatshops]]) in countries such as [[China]], [[Vietnam]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Mexico]]. Vietnam Labor Watch, an activist group, has documented that factories contracted by Nike have violated minimum wage and overtime laws in Vietnam as late as 1996, although Nike claims that this practice has been stopped.<ref>[http://www.saigon.com/nike/reports/report1.html Nike Labor Practices in Vietnam]{{dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref> The company has been subject to much critical coverage of the often poor working conditions and [[exploitation]] of cheap overseas labor employed in the [[free trade zone]]s where their goods are typically manufactured. Sources for this criticism include [[Naomi Klein]]'s book ''[[No Logo]]'' and [[Michael Moore]] documentaries.


In 2015, a new self-lacing shoe was introduced. Called the [[Nike Mag]], which are replicas of the shoes featured in ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'', it had a preliminary limited release, only available by auction with all proceeds going to the [[Michael J. Fox Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The 2015 Nike Mag|url = http://news.nike.com/news/nike-mag-2015|website = NIKE, Inc.|access-date = October 23, 2015}}</ref> This was done again in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/nike-mag-raffle-reportedly-raised-s675-million-for-parkinsons-research-news.24878.html?|title=The Michael J. Fox Foundation does raffle with Nike to raise awareness for Parkinson's disease |last=Rooney |first=Kyle |date=October 21, 2016 |website=Hotnewhiphop |access-date=October 21, 2016}}</ref>
During the 1990s, Nike faced criticism for the use of [[child labor]] in [[Cambodia]] and [[Pakistan]] in factories it contracted to manufacture soccer balls. Although Nike took action to curb or at least reduce the practice, they continue to contract their production to companies that operate in areas where inadequate regulation and monitoring make it hard to ensure that child labor is not being used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/ipc/publications/pdf/02-007.pdf |title=MIT |format=PDF |accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref>


Nike have introduced a premium line, focused more on streetwear than sports wear called NikeLab.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nike.com/ie/en_gb/c/nikelab?ref=https://www.google.ie/|title=NikeLab|website=www.nike.com|language=en-GB|access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Khari |date=2014-06-12 |title=Nike Will Launch "NikeLab" Stores Worldwide Tomorrow - The Source |url=https://thesource.com/2014/06/12/nike-will-launch-nikelab-stores-worldwide-tomorrow/,%20https://thesource.com/2014/06/12/nike-will-launch-nikelab-stores-worldwide-tomorrow/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 2001, a BBC documentary uncovered occurrences of child labor and poor working conditions in a Cambodian factory used by Nike.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sun Thyda, 12 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/970385.stm |title=Programmes &#124; Panorama &#124; Archive &#124; Gap and Nike: No Sweat? October 15, 2000 |publisher=BBC News |date=2000-10-15 |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref> The documentary focused on six girls, who all worked seven days a week, often 16 hours a day.


In March 2017, Nike announced its launch of a plus-size clothing line,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-02 |title=Nike Is FINALLY Launching a Plus-Size Collection |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/nike-launches-plus-size-womens-collection |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Teen Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> which will feature new sizes 1X through 3X on more than 200 products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2017/03/01/nike-plus-size-clothing-line/|title=Nike finally releases plus-size clothing line for women|last=Lekach|first=Sasha|website=Mashable|date=March 2017|access-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> Another significant development at this time was the [[Chuck Taylor All-Stars|Chuck Taylor All-Star Modern]], an update of the classic basketball sneaker that incorporated the circular knit upper and cushioned foam sole of Nike's Air Jordans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.askmen.com/news/fashion/converse-unveils-all-star-modern-sneakers.html|title=Converse Unveils All-Star Modern Sneakers|first=Alex|last=Bracetti|website=AskMen}}</ref>
Campaigns have been taken up by many colleges and universities, especially [[anti-globalisation]] groups, as well as several [[anti-sweatshop]] groups such as the United Students Against Sweatshops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studentsagainstsweatshops.org//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=45&Itemid=27 |title=Sweatfree Campus Campaign Launch |publisher=Studentsagainstsweatshops.org |date=2005-09-28 |accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref>


=== Collectibles ===
As of July 2011, Nike stated that two-thirds of its factories producing Converse products still do not meet the company's standards for worker treatment. A July 2011 [[Associated Press]] article stated that employees at the company's plants in [[Indonesia]] reported constant abuse from supervisors.<ref>[[Associated Press]], "Nike still dogged by worker abuses", ''[[Japan Times]]'', July 15, 2011, p. 4.</ref>
On July 23, 2019, a pair of Nike Inc. running shoes sold for $437,500 at a [[Sotheby's]] auction. The so-called "Moon Shoes"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=Nike's $100,000 USD "Moon Shoe" Is a Piece of Sneaker History |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/3/nike-moon-shoe-bill-bowerman-waffle-running-original-swoosh-sothebys-100000-usd |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Hypebeast}}</ref> were designed by Nike co-founder and track coach Bill Bowerman for runners participating in the 1972 Olympics trials. The buyer was [[MDC Partners|Miles Nadal]], a Canadian investor and car collector, who had just paid $850,000 for a group of 99 rare of limited collection pairs of sport shoes. The purchase price was the highest for one pair of sneakers, the previous record being $190,373 in 2017 for a pair of signed [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] shoes in California, said to have been worn by [[Michael Jordan]] during the 1984 basketball final of the Olympics that year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-auction-sneakers-idUSKCN1UI2KM|title=Nike shoes race to $437,500 world record auction price for sneakers|date=July 24, 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=October 3, 2019|language=en}}</ref>

=== Virtual ===
After acquiring RTFKT, Nike launched the Dunk Genesis Cryptokicks collection, which features over 20,000 NFTs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Alex |title=Nike Sold an NFT Sneaker for $134,000 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/style/nike-nft-sneaker.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 May 2022 }}</ref> One design by [[Takashi Murakami]] was sold for $134,000 in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/personal-finance/crypto/these-nike-nft-cryptokicks-sneakers-sold-for-130k/|title=These Nike NFT 'Cryptokicks' Sneakers Sold For $130K|website=CNET|date=April 28, 2022|author=Daniel Van Boom|access-date=January 7, 2023}}</ref>

==Headquarters==
[[File:Nikeworldheadquarters.jpg|thumb|Nike World Headquarters near Beaverton, Oregon]]<!-- This section is linked from [[Unincorporated area]] -->
{{Main|Nike World Headquarters}}

Nike's world headquarters are surrounded by the city of Beaverton but are within [[unincorporated area|unincorporated]] [[Washington County, Oregon|Washington County]]. The city attempted to forcibly annex Nike's headquarters, which led to a lawsuit by Nike, and [[lobbying]] by the company that ultimately ended in Oregon Senate Bill 887 of 2005. Under that bill's terms, Beaverton is specifically barred from forcibly annexing the land that Nike and [[Columbia Sportswear]] occupy in Washington County for 35 years, while [[Electro Scientific Industries]] and [[Tektronix]] receive the same protection for 30 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.oregonlive.com/oregonianextra/2006/06/appellate_court_rejects_beaver.html |title=Appellate court rejects Beaverton annexation &#124; The Oregonian Extra |publisher=Blog.oregonlive.com |date=June 16, 2006 |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>

Nike is planning to build a 3.2 million square foot expansion to its World Headquarters in Beaverton.<ref name="Siemers-2016">{{Cite news | title =A first look at Nike's $380M-plus HQ expansion (Renderings) | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/threads_and_laces/2016/01/nike-releases-first-images-of-expanded-washington.html | first=Erik | last=Siemers | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=January 20, 2016}}</ref> The design will target [[LEED]] Platinum certification and will be highlighted by natural daylight, and a gray water treatment center.<ref name="Siemers-2016" />
{{clear}}
== Ownership ==
Nike is mainly owned by institutional investors, who hold around 68% of all shares. The 10 largest shareholders of Nike in early 2024 were:<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIKE, Inc. Insider Trading & Ownership Structure |url=https://simplywall.st/stocks/us/consumer-durables/nyse-nke/nike/ownership |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Simply Wall St |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Phil Knight]] (17.4%)
* [[The Vanguard Group|Vanguard]] (7.23%)
* [[BlackRock]] (5.93%)
* [[State Street Global Advisors]] (3.71%)
* [[Travis Knight]] (3.14%)
* Knight Foundation (1.95%)
* [[Capital Group Companies|Capital Research and Management Company]] (1.94%)
* [[Geode Capital Management]] (1.57%)
* [[Wellington Management Company]] (1.48%)
* [[AllianceBernstein]] (1.32%)

==Controversies==
Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Corporate Responsibility |website=www.nike.com |url=http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/reporting_sec/ar_99/corporate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090302/http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/investors/reporting_sec/ar_99/corporate.html |archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref> Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-50-most-trusted-brands/20110120.htm |title=India's 50 most trusted brands |work=rediff.com |date=January 20, 2011}}</ref> Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of factories |url=http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/gc/mp/pdf/disclosure_list_2005-06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620125833/http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/gc/mp/pdf/disclosure_list_2005-06.pdf|archive-date=June 20, 2007|url-status=dead|website=www.nike.com}}</ref> Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like CorpWatch, Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report.

===Sweatshops===
{{main|Nike sweatshops}}

In the 1990s, Nike received criticism for its use of [[sweatshop]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests |date=1 August 2017 |website=Ресурсный центр по вопросам бизнеса и прав человека [Business & Human Rights Resource Centre] |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/ru/свежие-новости/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave-of-anti-sweatshop-protests/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |archive-date=2022-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712204736/https://www.business-humanrights.org/ru/свежие-новости/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave-of-anti-sweatshop-protests/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests |date=2 August 2017 |website=MR Magazine |url=https://mr-mag.com/nike-facing-new-wave-anti-sweatshop-protests/ |access-date=2022-07-12}}</ref> Beginning in 1990, many protests occurred in big cities such as Los Angeles,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-22-me-6131-story.html|title=Boycott of Shoe Company Is Burning Issue at Protest|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 22, 1990 }}</ref> Washington, DC and Boston in order to show public outcry for Nike's use of child labor and sweatshops. Nike has been criticized for contracting with factories (known as [[Nike sweatshops]]) in countries such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Mexico. Vietnam Labor Watch, an activist group, has documented that factories contracted by Nike have [[Wage theft|violated]] [[minimum wage]] and overtime [[laws in Vietnam]] as late as 1996, although Nike claims that this practice has been stopped.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.saigon.com/nike/reports/report1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010418214242/http://www.saigon.com/nike/reports/report1.html|url-status=dead|title=Nike Labor Practices in Vietnam |archivedate=April 18, 2001|website=www.saigon.com}}</ref>

As of July 2011, Nike stated that two-thirds of its factories producing Converse products still do not meet the company's standards for worker treatment. A July 2011 [[Associated Press]] article stated that employees at the company's plants in Indonesia reported constant abuse from supervisors.<ref>[[Associated Press]], "Nike still dogged by worker abuses", ''[[Japan Times]]'', July 15, 2011, p. 4.</ref>

===Child labor===
During the 1990s, Nike faced criticism for the use of [[Child labour in Cambodia|child labor in Cambodia]] and [[Child labour in Pakistan|Pakistan]] in factories it contracted to manufacture soccer balls. Although Nike took action to curb or at least reduce the practice, they continue to contract their production to companies that operate in areas where inadequate regulation and monitoring make it hard to ensure that child labor is not being used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/ipc/publications/pdf/02-007.pdf |title=MIT |access-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref>

In 2001, a BBC documentary uncovered occurrences of child labor and poor working conditions in a Cambodian factory used by Nike.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sun Thyda, 12 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/970385.stm |title=Programmes &#124; Panorama &#124; Archive &#124; Gap and Nike: No Sweat? October 15, 2000 |publisher=BBC News |date=October 15, 2000 |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref> The documentary focused on six girls, who all worked seven days a week, often 16 hours a day.

===Strike in China factory===
In April 2014, one of the biggest strikes in mainland China took place at the [[Yue Yuen Industrial Holdings]] [[Dongguan]] shoe factory, producing amongst others for Nike. Yue Yuen did underpay an employee by 250 yuan (40.82 US Dollars) per month. The average salary at Yue Yuen is 3000 yuan per month. The factory employs 70,000 people. This practice was in place for nearly 20 years.<ref>[http://www.clb.org.hk/en/content/more-ten-thousand-workers-stage-strike-massive-dongguan-shoe-factory More than ten thousand workers stage strike at massive Dongguan shoe factory], April 14, 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1483287/yue-yuen-shoe-factory-workers-strike-dongguan-plants-continues Yue Yuen shoe factory workers' strike at Dongguan plants continues], April 17, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1486399/yue-yuen-strikers-vow-continue-until-benefit-contribution-deficit-paid Yue Yuen strikers vow to continue until benefit contribution deficit paid in full], South China Morning Post, April 18, 2013.</ref>

===Paradise Papers===
{{Main|Paradise Papers}}

[[File:NikeCanada.jpg|thumb|upright|Nike office in North America]]
On November 5, 2017, the [[Paradise Papers]], a set of confidential [[electronic document]]s relating to [[offshore investment]], revealed that Nike is among the corporations that used [[Offshore company|offshore companies]] to avoid taxes.<ref>"[http://www.dw.com/en/paradise-papers-expose-tax-evasion-schemes-of-the-global-elite/a-41246087 'Paradise papers' expose tax evasion schemes of the global elite]". [[Deutsche Welle]]. November 5, 2017.</ref><ref>"[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/paradise-papers-so-lief-die-sz-recherche-1.3736605 So lief die SZ-Recherche]". ''Süddeutsche Zeitung''. November 5, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Offshore Trove Exposes Trump-Russia Links And Piggy Banks Of The Wealthiest 1 Percent|url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/paradise-papers-exposes-donald-trump-russia-links-and-piggy-banks-of-the-wealthiest-1-percent/|access-date=November 7, 2017|work=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]]|date=November 5, 2017}}</ref>

[[Appleby (law firm)|Appleby]] documents detail how Nike boosted its after-tax profits by, among other maneuvers, transferring ownership of its Swoosh trademark to a Bermudan subsidiary, Nike International Ltd. This transfer allowed the subsidiary to charge royalties to its European headquarters in [[Hilversum]], [[Netherlands]], effectively converting taxable company [[profit (accounting)|profit]]s to an account payable in [[Tax haven|tax-free]] [[Bermuda]].<ref name=Nike>{{cite web|url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers/explore-politicians-paradise-papers/|title=How NikeStays One Step Ahead of the Regulators: When One Tax Loophole Closes, Another Opens|author=Simon Bowers|publisher=ICIJ|date=November 6, 2017|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> Although the subsidiary was effectively run by executives at Nike's main offices in Beaverton, Oregon—to the point where a duplicate of the Bermudan company's seal was needed—for tax purposes the subsidiary was treated as Bermuda. Its profits were not declared in Europe and came to light only because of a mostly unrelated case in US Tax Court, where papers filed by Nike briefly mention royalties in 2010, 2011 and 2012 totaling $3.86 billion.<ref name=Nike/> Under an arrangement with Dutch authorities, the tax break was to expire in 2014, so another reorganization transferred the intellectual property from the Bermudan company to a Dutch ''commanditaire vennootschap'' or limited partnership, Nike Innovate CV. Dutch law treats income earned by a CV as if it had been earned by the principals, who owe no tax in the Netherlands if they do not reside there.<ref name=Nike/>

===Colin Kaepernick===
In September 2018, Nike announced it had signed former American football quarterback [[Colin Kaepernick]], noted for his [[U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)|controversial decision to kneel]] during the playing of the US national anthem, to a long-term advertising campaign.<ref>{{cite web | last = Einhorn | first = Bruce | title = Nike Falls as Critics Fume on Social Media Over Kaepernick Deal | publisher = Bloomberg | date = September 4, 2018 | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-04/nike-decides-a-colin-kaepernick-deal-is-worth-the-backlash}}</ref> According to Charles Robinson of [[Yahoo Sports|Yahoo! Sports]], Kaepernick and Nike agreed to a new contract despite the fact Kaepernick has been with the company since 2011 and said that "interest from other shoe companies" played a part in the new agreement. Robinson said the contract is a "wide endorsement" where Kaepernick will have his own branded line including shoes, shirts, jerseys and more. <ref>{{cite web | last = Daniels | first = Tim | title = Colin Kaepernick Named Face of Nike's 30th Anniversary of 'Just Do It' Campaign | publisher = Bleacher Report | date = September 3, 2018 | url = https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2793994-colin-kaepernick-named-face-of-nikes-30th-anniversary-of-just-do-it-campaign}}</ref> In response, some people set fire to their own Nike-branded clothes and shoes or cut the Nike swoosh logo out of their clothes, and the [[Fraternal Order of Police]] called the advertisement an "insult";<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/a22969808/colin-kaepernick-nike-ad-burning-sneakers-response/|title=People Are Already Burning Their Nikes in Response to the Colin Kaepernick Ad|date=September 4, 2018|work=Esquire|access-date=September 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.fr/us/nike-advert-with-colin-kaepernick-has-people-burning-products-2018-9|title=People are destroying their Nike shoes and socks to protest Nike's Colin Kaepernick ad campaign|website=Business Insider France|language=fr-FR|access-date=September 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="vibe" /> others, such as [[LeBron James]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cancian |first1=Dan |title=LeBron 'Stands with Nike' in Support of Colin Kaepernick's Campaign |url=https://www.newsweek.com/lebron-stands-nike-support-colin-kaepernicks-campaign-1108699 |website=Newsweek |access-date=September 7, 2018|date=September 6, 2018 }}</ref> [[Serena Williams]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Serena Williams supports Nike's decision to endorse Colin Kaepernick |url=https://globalnews.ca/video/4427989/serena-williams-supports-nikes-decision-to-endorse-colin-kaepernick |website=Global News |access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref> and the [[National Black Police Association (United States)|National Black Police Association]],<ref name="vibe">{{cite web |last1=Golding |first1=Shenequa |title=The National Black Police Association Is In Full Support Of Nike's Colin Kaepernick Ad |url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/09/national-association-of-black-police-support-nike-colin-kaepernick/ |website=Vibe |date=September 6, 2018 |access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref> praised Nike for its campaign. The [[College of the Ozarks]] removed Nike from all their athletic uniforms in response.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wheeler |first1=Wyatt D. |title=College of the Ozarks drops Nike, will 'choose country over company' |url=https://www.news-leader.com/story/sports/2018/09/05/college-ozarks-drops-nike-choose-country-over-company/1206366002/ |newspaper=[[Springfield News-Leader]]
|access-date=September 7, 2018 |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref>

During the following week, Nike's stock price fell 2.2%, even as online orders of Nike products rose 27% compared with the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Novy-Williams |first1=Eben |title=Nike Orders Rose in Four-Day Period After Kaepernick Ad Debut |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-07/nike-orders-rose-in-four-day-period-after-kaepernick-ad-debut |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref> In the following three months, Nike reported a rise in sales.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nike hit by conservative backlash over 'racist trainer' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48848270 |access-date=July 3, 2019 |agency=BBC}}</ref>

In July 2019, Nike released a shoe featuring a [[Betsy Ross flag]] called the Air Max 1 Quick Strike Fourth of July trainers. The trainers were designed to celebrate [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]]. The model was subsequently withdrawn after [[Colin Kaepernick]] told the brand he and others found the flag offensive because of its association with slavery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/nike-colin-kaepernick-air-max-1-fourth-of-july-flag-offensive-colonies-a8983701.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/nike-colin-kaepernick-air-max-1-fourth-of-july-flag-offensive-colonies-a8983701.html |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Nike pulls Fourth of July trainers after Colin Kaepernick 'raises concerns'|date=July 2, 2019|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=July 2, 2019}}</ref><ref name="complaint">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48840608|title=Nike 'pulls Betsy Ross flag trainer after Kaepernick complaint'|date=July 2, 2019|access-date=July 2, 2019|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

Nike's decision to withdraw the product drew criticism from [[List of governors of Arizona|Arizona's]] Republican Governor, [[Doug Ducey]], and Texas's Republican Senator [[Ted Cruz]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-02/nike-pulls-betsy-ross-flag-shoes-at-kaepernick-s-urging-wsj|title=Nike Pulls 'Betsy Ross Flag' Sneakers After Kaepernick Complaint|date=July 2, 2019|access-date=July 2, 2019|language=en}}</ref> Nike's decision was praised by others due to the use of the flag by [[white nationalists]],<ref name="complaint"/> but the [[Anti-Defamation League|Anti-Defamation League's]] Center on Extremism has declined to add the flag to its database of "hate symbols."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-op-0715-goldberg-nike-20190715-mvaj6n7hznhdtcvvjlavyqoaiu-story.html |title=Nike fans the flames of the culture war |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |date=July 15, 2019 |last=Goldberg |first=Jonah |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref>

===Hong Kong protests===
[[File:Nike Kicks Lounge in Harbour City 2017.jpg|thumb|Nike Kicks Lounge in [[Harbour City (Hong Kong)|Harbour City]], [[Hong Kong]]]]
U.S. Vice President [[Mike Pence]] criticized Nike for "siding with the [[Chinese Communist Party]] and silencing free speech". He claimed that after [[Houston Rockets]] general manager [[Daryl Morey]] was criticized by the Chinese government for [[Daryl Morey#Twitter comments on Hong Kong|his tweet]] supporting the [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong protests]], Nike removed Rockets merchandise from its stores in China.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alper|first1=Alexandra|last2=Spetalnick|first2=Matt|date=October 24, 2019|title=Pence backs Hong Kong protests in China speech, slams NBA and Nike|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-pence/pence-backs-hong-kong-protests-in-china-speech-slams-nba-and-nike-idUSKBN1X323V|access-date=}}</ref> {{Main|Nike Vaporfly and Tokyo 2020 Olympics controversy}}
On January 31, 2020, the [[World Athletics]] issued new guidelines concerning shoes to be used in the upcoming [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo 2020 Olympics]].<ref name="World Athletics">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/modified-rules-shoes|title=World Athletics modifies rules governing competition shoes for elite athletes |website=www.worldathletics.org|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> These updates came in response to criticisms concerning technology in the Nike Vaporfly running shoes, which had been submitted beginning around 2017–2018.<ref name="WSJ">{{Citation|title=The Race for Brands to Match Nike's Vaporfly|url=https://www.wsj.com/video/the-race-for-brands-to-match-nikes-vaporfly/2FBD7367-FE45-4879-851A-ABED237F7987.html|language=en-US|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> These criticisms stated that the shoes provided athletes with an unfair advantage over their opponents and some critics considered it to be a form of [[technology doping]].<ref name="Bachman-2020"/><ref name="NPR">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/23/808681604/nike-vaporfly-shoes-controversy|title=Nike Vaporfly Shoes Controversy|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> According to Nike funded research, the shoes can improve efficiency by up to 4.2%<ref name="Bachman-2020" /> and runners who have tested the shoe are saying that it causes reduced soreness in the legs; sports technologist Bryce Dyer attributes this to the ZoomX and carbon fiber plate since it absorbs the energy and "spring[s] runners forward".<ref name="NPR" /> Some athletes, scientists, and fans have compared this to the 2008 [[LZR Racer|LAZR swimsuit controversy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2020/02/09/nikes-vaporfly-shoes-changed-running-track-field-world-is-still-sifting-through-fallout/|title=Nike's Vaporfly shoes changed running, and the track and field world is still sifting through the fallout |first=Adam |last=Kilgore |newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref>

Some of the major changes in the guidelines that have come about as a result of these criticisms include that the "sole must be no thicker than 40mm" and that "the shoe must not contain more than one rigid embedded plate or blade (of any material) that runs either the full length or only part of the length of the shoe. The plate may be in more than one part but those parts must be located sequentially in one plane (not stacked or in parallel) and must not overlap". The components of the shoes are not the only thing that had major changes; starting April 30, 2020, "any shoe must have been available for purchase by any athlete on the open retail market (online or in store) for a period of four months before it can be used in competition".<ref name="World Athletics" /> Prior to these new guidelines World Athletics reviewed the Vaporfly shoes and "concluded that there is independent research that indicates that the new technology incorporated in the soles of road and spiked shoes may provide a performance advantage" and that it recommends further research to "establish the true impact of [the Vaporfly] technology."<ref name="World Athletics" />

=== Forced Uyghur labor allegations ===
{{See also|Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act}}
In December 2021, the [[European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights]] filed a criminal complaint in a Dutch court against Nike and other brands, alleging that they benefited from the use of forced [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] labor in [[Xinjiang]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adegeest|first=Don-Alvin|date=2021-12-06|title=Nike, Patagonia named in European lawsuit as being complicit in 'forced labour' practices in Xinjiang, China|url=https://fashionunited.com/news/fashion/nike-patagonia-named-in-european-lawsuit-as-being-complicit-in-forced-labour-practices-in-xinjiang-china/2021120644306|access-date=2021-12-09|website=FashionUnited|language=en}}</ref> In July 2023, the [[Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise]] opened an investigation into Nike to probe allegations of forced Uyghur labor in its supply chain.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shakil |first1=Ismail |last2=Rajagopal |first2=Divya |last3=Rajagopal |first3=Divya |date=2023-07-11 |title=Canada probes Nike, Dynasty Gold over alleged use of forced labor in China |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/canada-probes-nike-dynasty-gold-over-alleged-use-forced-labor-china-2023-07-11/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> Research of the social democratic party in the European Parliament, the Sheffield Hallam University and further groups accused Nike in 2023 of using forced labor camps exploiting Muslim Uyghurs in China provided by the Anhui Huamao Group Co., Ltd. for production.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tailoring Responsibility: Tracing Apparel Supply Chains from the Uyghur Region to Europe |url=https://www.shu.ac.uk/-/media/home/research/helena-kennedy-centre/projects/eu-apparel/eu-tailoring-responsibility-february-24.pdf |work=Uyghur Rights Monitor, the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice at Sheffield Hallam University |pages=17}}</ref>


==Environmental record==
==Environmental record==
{{Clothing and the environment}}
According to the New England-based environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet, Nike ranks among the top three companies (out of 56) in a survey of climate-friendly companies.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zabarenko |first=Deborah |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSN1840883720070619?feedType=RSS |title=Reuters report |agency=Reuters |date= 2007-06-19|accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref> Nike has also been praised for its [[Nike Grind]] program (which closes the [[Product lifecycle (marketing)|product lifecycle]]) by groups like [[Climate Counts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://climatecounts.org/scorecompany.php?co=43 |title=Nike |publisher=ClimateCounts |accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref> One campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured basketball star [[Steve Nash]] wearing Nike's Trash Talk Shoe, which had been constructed in February 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste from factory floors. The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. Nike claims this is the first performance basketball shoe that has been created from manufacturing waste, but it only produced 5,000 pairs for sale.<ref>[http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003793129&imw=Y]{{dead link|date=September 2010}} April 23, 2008. Retrieved: May 4, 2008</ref>
In 2007, [[New England]]–based environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet ranked Nike among the top three companies (out of 56) in a survey of climate-friendly companies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zabarenko |first=Deborah |title=Canon tops list of climate-friendly companies |date=June 19, 2007 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSN1840883720070619?feedType=RSS |access-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref>


===Recycling===
Another project Nike has begun is called Nike's Reuse-A-Shoe program. This program, started in 1993, is Nike's longest-running program that benefits both the environment and the community by collecting old athletic shoes of any type in order to process and recycle them. The material that is produced is then used to help create sports surfaces such as basketball courts, running tracks, and playgrounds.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/lexington/news/business/x883026486 |title=Wicked Local |date=April 29, 2008 |accessdate=May 4, 2008 }}</ref>
Nike has also been praised for its [[Nike Grind]] program, which closes the [[Product lifecycle (marketing)|product lifecycle]], by groups such as [[Climate Counts]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://climatecounts.org/scorecompany.php?co=43 |title=Nike |publisher=ClimateCounts |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212032423/http://climatecounts.org/scorecompany.php?co=43 |archive-date=February 12, 2011 }}</ref>


Since 1993, Nike has worked on its Reuse-A-Shoe program.<ref name="Wicked Local-2008">{{Cite web|date=April 29, 2008|title=Wicked Local|url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/lexington/news/business/x883026486|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725190907/http://www.wickedlocal.com/lexington/news/business/x883026486|archive-date=July 25, 2008|access-date=May 4, 2008}}</ref> This program is Nike's longest-running program that benefits both the environment and the community by collecting old athletic shoes of any type in order to process and recycle them. The material that is produced is then used to help create sports surfaces such as basketball courts, running tracks, and playgrounds.<ref name="Wicked Local-2008" /> Nike France made their Reuse-A-Shoe program available online so that they could make it easier for consumers to send in their old shoes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EcoBahn |date=2020-07-21 |title=Nike Reuse-A-Shoe: Digital Upcycling Shift |url=https://theecobahn.com/ideas/nike-reuse-a-shoe-digital-upcycling-shift/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=EcoBahn |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, it was estimated that 28,000,000 shoes were collected since its start in 1993. Nike limited the mail-in option of the program because they are aware that the emissions from shipping would offset the good, they are trying to do. They work with the National Recycling Coalition to help limit transportation of recycled shoes. During transportation most of the vehicles that are used are using diesel or fuel oil.<ref name=ac>{{Cite web |last1=Curtis |first1=Alexander |last2=Hansson |first2=Amanda |title=Examining the Viability of Corporate Recycling Initiatives and Their Overall Environmental Impact: The Case of Nike Grind and the Reuse-A-Shoe Program |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333512603 |access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref> Diesel oil emits 22.44 pounds of Carbon Dioxide per gallon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smoot |first=Grace |title=What Is the Carbon Footprint of Diesel Fuel? A Life-Cycle Assessment |url=https://impactful.ninja/the-carbon-footprint-of-diesel-fuel/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Impactful Ninja |date=October 28, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
A project through the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] found workers were exposed to toxic [[isocyanate]]s and other chemicals in footwear factories in [[Thailand]]. In addition to inhalation, dermal exposure was the biggest problem found. This could result in allergic reactions including asthmatic reactions.<ref>{{Citation |last=Todd |first=L. A. |last2=Sitthichok |first2=T. P. |last3=Mottus |first3=K. |last4=Mihlan |first4=G. |last5=Wing |first5=S. |title=Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand |journal=Annals of Occupational Hygiene |year=2008 |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=195–205 |doi=10.1093/annhyg/men003 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Todd |first=L. A. |last2=Mottus |first2=K. |last3=Mihlan |first3=G. J. |title=A Survey of Airborne and Skin Exposures to Chemicals in Footwear and Equipment Factories in Thailand |journal=Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=169–181 |year=2008 |doi=10.1080/15459620701853342 }}</ref>

A campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured basketball star [[Steve Nash]] wearing Nike's Trash Talk Shoe, which had been constructed in February 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste from factory floors. The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. Nike claims this is the first performance basketball shoe that has been created from manufacturing waste, but it only produced 5,000 pairs for sale.<ref>[http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003793129&imw=Y] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070832/http://www.brandweek.com/bw/news/recent_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003793129|date=May 5, 2008}} <!-- April 23, 2008. Retrieved: May 4, 2008 --></ref>

=== Sulfur hexafluoride ===
[[Sulfur hexafluoride]] is an extremely potent and persistent greenhouse gas that was used to fill the cushion bags in all "Air"-branded shoes from 1992 to 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/nike-goes-for-the-green |title= Nike Goes For The Green |author= Stanley Holmes |publisher= Bloomberg Business Week Magazine |date= September 24, 2006 |access-date= December 14, 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130603225645/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/nike-goes-for-the-green |archive-date= June 3, 2013 }}</ref> 277&nbsp;tons was used during the peak in 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oekorecherche.de/sites/default/files/publikationen/ecofys_oekorecherchestudy.pdf |title=Final report on the costs and the impact on emissions of potential regulatory framework for reducing emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride |author=J. Harnisch and W. Schwarz |date=2003-02-04 |publisher=Ecofys GmbH}}</ref>

=== Toxic chemicals ===
In 2008, a project through the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] found workers were exposed to toxic [[isocyanate]]s and other chemicals in footwear factories in Thailand. In addition to inhalation, dermal exposure was the biggest problem found. This could result in allergic reactions including asthmatic reactions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Todd |first1=L. A. |last2=Sitthichok |first2=T. P. |last3=Mottus |first3=K. |last4=Mihlan |first4=G. |last5=Wing |first5=S. |title=Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand |journal=Annals of Occupational Hygiene |year=2008 |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=195–205 |doi=10.1093/annhyg/men003 |pmid=18344534 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Todd |first1=L. A. |last2=Mottus |first2=K. |last3=Mihlan |first3=G. J. |s2cid=13571160 |title=A Survey of Airborne and Skin Exposures to Chemicals in Footwear and Equipment Factories in Thailand |journal=Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=169–181 |year=2008 |doi=10.1080/15459620701853342 |pmid=18213531 }}</ref>

=== Water pollution ===
In July 2011, environmental group [[Greenpeace]] published a report regarding [[water pollution]] impacting the [[Yangtze|Yangtze River]] emitted from a major textile factory operated by Nike supplier [[Youngor Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=2011-07-13|title=Greenpeace report links western firms to Chinese river polluters|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/13/greenpeace-links-western-firms-to-chinese-polluters|access-date=2021-08-11|website=[[The Guardian]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611105658/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/13/greenpeace-links-western-firms-to-chinese-polluters|archive-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> Following the report, Nike, as well as [[Adidas]], [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], and a number of other brands included in the report announced an agreement to stop discharging hazardous chemicals by 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brettman|first=Allan |date=2011-11-19|title=Nike, Adidas, Puma agree with Greenpeace to clean water in worldwide production by 2020|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/2011/11/nike_adidas_puma_agree_with_gr.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020141412/https://www.oregonlive.com/playbooks-profits/2011/11/nike_adidas_puma_agree_with_gr.html|archive-date=2020-10-20|access-date=2021-08-11|website=[[The Oregonian]]|language=en}}</ref> However, in July 2016 Greenpeace released a follow-up report which found that Nike "does not take individual responsibility" for eliminating hazardous chemicals, stating that Nike had not made an explicit commitment to riding itself of [[perfluorinated compound]]s, and that "Nike does not ensure its suppliers report their hazardous chemical discharge data and has not made a commitment to do so".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=THE DETOX CATWALK 2016|website=[[Greenpeace]] |url=http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/detox/fashion/detox-catwalk/|access-date=2021-08-10|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401155311/http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/detox/fashion/detox-catwalk/|archive-date=2020-04-01}}</ref>

Back in 2016, Nike started to use water free dyeing materials so that they can help reduce their water use in their Southeast Asian factories.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike: A Poster Child for Climate Change? |url=https://d3.harvard.edu/platform-rctom/submission/nike-a-poster-child-for-climate-change/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Technology and Operations Management |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Carbon footprint===
Nike reported Total [[carbon footprint|CO<sub>2</sub>e emissions]] (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending June 30, 2020 at 317 Kt (+12/+4% y-o-y)<ref name ="Nike Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q2">{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2020Q2 |url=https://purpose-cms-preprod01.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/26225049/FY20_NIKE_Inc_Impact_Report2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710051235/https://purpose-cms-preprod01.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/26225049/FY20_NIKE_Inc_Impact_Report2.pdf |archive-date=July 10, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2020Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> and plans to reduce emissions 65% by 2030 from a 2015 base year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2021Q1 |url=https://purpose.nike.com/carbon-energy |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111134435/https://purpose.nike.com/carbon-energy|url-status=deviated}} [https://docs.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Climate%20Goal%5BClimate%20Goal,Total%20CO2e%20emissions%20%3CScope%201%20%2B%20Scope%202%3E%5D/2021Q1 Alternate URL]</ref> This [[Science Based Targets initiative|science-based target]] is aligned with [[Paris Agreement]] to limit global warming to 1.5&nbsp;°C above pre-industrial levels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sciencebasedtargets.org/companies-taking-action|title=Companies taking action|website=Science Based Targets}}</ref> According to a study done in 2017, Nike contributed 3,002,529 metric tons of Carbon Dioxide in 2017 combined from different sectors in the company like retail, manufacturing, management, and more.<ref name=ac/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Nike's annual Total CO<sub>2</sub>e Emissions – Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)
|-
! Jun 2015 !! Jun 2016 !! Jun 2017 !! Jun 2018 !! Jun 2019 !! Jun 2020
|-
| 286<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2015Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 300<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2016Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 327<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2017Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 301<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2018Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 305<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025231506/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf |url=https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/purpose-cms-preprod01/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10225416/FY19-Nike-Inc.-Impact-Report.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2020 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/Nike/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Location-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2019Q2/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 317<ref name="Nike Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q2"/>
|}
While emissions of Nike's two corporate jets represent less than 0.1% of its total emissions, they have increased by 20% from 2015 to 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kish |first=Rob Davis,Agnel Philip,Alex Mierjeski,Matthew |date=2024-08-13 |title=After Nike Leaders Promised Climate Action, Their Corporate Jets Kept Flying — and Polluting |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/nike-corporate-jet-travel-carbon-emissions |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=ProPublica |language=en}}</ref>

'''<big>Partnership with Newlight</big>'''

In 2021, Nike announced they were working with Newlight Technologies to find more eco-friendly materials for their sneakers. They specifically mentioned Newlight's AirCarbon product which is a bioplastic that can be used to make shoes. The bioplastic is used as a replacement to leather, plastic, and other materials that are like that.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexis® – Sign In {{!}} LexisNexis |url=https://advance.lexis.com/document?crid=828231b7-97e3-4e5b-906b-43ad2c3ff444&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A63G7-N861-DXFS-2227-00000-00&pdsourcegroupingtype=&pdcontentcomponentid=434944&pdmfid=1516831&pdisurlapi=true |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=signin.lexisnexis.com}}</ref> Newlight was reported saying that the goal is to reduce Nike's carbon footprint.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-17 |title=What the Tech? Microorganism-Harvested AirCarbon Will Make Your Next Pair of Nikes |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/9/newlight-technologies-aircarbon-negative-nike-sustainable-shoes-what-the-tech |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=HYPEBEAST}}</ref>

=== Sustainability ===
Nike has taken steps to reduce its environmental impact. It has worked to reduce carbon emissions nearly 3% across its value chain from its FY11 baseline,<ref name="FDRA">{{Cite web |title=FDRA {{!}} Nike's Sustainability Report Shows Environmental Impact Reductions |date=8 May 2014 |url=https://fdra.org/latest-news/nikes-sustainability-report-shows-environmental-impact-reductions/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> and sourced from fewer, higher-performing contract factories.<ref name="FDRA" />

In 2019, Nike began a program called "Move to Zero" in an effort to achieve zero waste and zero carbon in the organization's supply chain and product lifetime.<ref name="Hall-2020">{{cite news |last1=Hall |first1=Christopher |title=Nike's Move to Zero Collection Leaves Little Fabric Waste Behind |id={{ProQuest|2353833050}} |url=https://sourcingjournal.com/sustainability/sustainability-news/nike-grind-move-to-zero-pattern-efficiency-sustainable-recycled-cotton-194775/ |work=Sourcing Journal |date=12 February 2020 }}</ref> The men's and women's sections of the collection contain at least 60% organic and recycled materials, including sustainably sourced cotton.<ref name="Hall-2020" />


==Marketing strategy==
==Marketing strategy==
Nike promotes its products by [[Sponsor (commercial)|sponsorship agreements]] with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams.
Nike promotes its products through [[Sponsor (commercial)|sponsorship agreements]] with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams. Nike has endorsement deals with many top sports players such as [[LeBron James]], [[Kevin Durant]], and [[Serena Williams]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes: North America |url=https://www.nike.com/my/athletes/north-america |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Nike.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>


===Advertising===
===Advertising===
[[File:Nike Store in King of Prussia Mall.jpeg|thumb|right|Nike Store at the [[King of Prussia (shopping mall)|King of Prussia]] shopping mall in [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania]]]]
In 1982, Nike aired its first national television ads, created by newly formed ad agency [[Wieden+Kennedy]] (W+K), during the broadcast of the [[New York Marathon]]. The Cannes Advertising Festival has named Nike its Advertiser of the Year in 1994 and 2003, making it the first company to receive that honor twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/4121690-1.html |title=Nike's Knight Is Advertiser of the Year &#124; Marketing & Advertising > Marketing & Advertising Overview from |publisher=AllBusiness.com |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref>
In 1982, Nike aired its first three national television ads, created by newly formed ad agency [[Wieden+Kennedy]] (W+K), during the broadcast of the [[New York Marathon]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nudd|first1=Tim|title=W+K Finds Its First Ads Ever, for Nike, on Dusty Old Tapes|url=http://www.adweek.com/creativity/wieden-kennedy-finds-its-first-ads-ever-made-nike-dusty-old-tapes-156511/|website=Adweek|date=March 25, 2014 |access-date=April 9, 2017}}</ref> The Cannes Advertising Festival has named Nike its Advertiser of the Year in 1994 and 2003, making it the first company to receive that honor twice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/4121690-1.html |title=Nike's Knight Is Advertiser of the Year |publisher=AllBusiness.com |access-date=March 4, 2010}}</ref>


Nike also has earned the [[Emmy Award]] for best commercial twice since the award was first created in the 1990s. The first was for "The Morning After," a satirical look at what a runner might face on the morning of January 1, 2000 if every dire prediction about the [[Year 2000 problem|Y2K problem]] came to fruition.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fass |first=Allison |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CEFDA1430F932A0575BC0A9669C8B63 |title=The Media Business - Advertising - Addenda - The Media Business - Advertising - Addenda - Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |work=New York Times |date=2000-08-31 |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref> The second was for a 2002 spot called "Move," which featured a series of famous and everyday athletes in a variety of athletic pursuits.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rutenberg |first=Jim |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E6D61130F933A1575AC0A9649C8B63&n=Top%2FNews%2FBusiness%2FCompanies%2FNike%20Inc |title=The Media Business - Advertising - Addenda - The Media Business - Advertising - Addenda - Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |work=New York Times |date=2002-09-20 |accessdate=2010-03-04}}</ref>
Nike also has earned the [[Emmy Award]] for best commercial in 2000 and 2002. The first was for "The Morning After," a satirical look at what a runner might face on the morning of January 1, 2000, if every dire prediction about the [[Year 2000 problem|Y2K problem]] came to fruition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fass |first1=Allison |title=The Media Business: Advertising Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/31/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-nike-spot-wins-an-emmy-award.html |work=The New York Times |date=31 August 2000 }}</ref> The second was for a 2002 spot called "Move," which featured a series of famous and everyday athletes in a variety of athletic pursuits.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rutenberg |first1=Jim |title=The Media Business: Advertising Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/20/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-nike-spot-wins-an-emmy-award.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 September 2002 }}</ref>


====Beatles song====
====Beatles song====
Nike was criticized for its use of the [[The Beatles|Beatles]] song "[[Revolution (song)|Revolution]]" in a 1987 commercial against the wishes of [[Apple Records]], the Beatles' recording company. Nike paid US$250,000 to [[Capitol Records]] Inc., which held the North American licensing rights to the recordings, for the right to use the Beatles' rendition for a year.
Nike was criticized for its use of the [[The Beatles|Beatles]] song "[[Revolution (Beatles song)|Revolution]]" in a 1987 commercial against the wishes of [[Apple Records]], the Beatles' recording company. Nike paid US$250,000 to [[Capitol Records]] Inc., which held the North American licensing rights to the recordings, for the right to use the Beatles' rendition for a year.<ref name="AP" />


Apple sued Nike Inc., Capitol Records Inc., [[EMI|EMI Records]] Inc. and Wieden+Kennedy for $15&nbsp;million.<ref>According to a July 28, 1987 article written by the [[Associated Press]].</ref> Capitol-EMI countered by saying the lawsuit was "groundless" because Capitol had licensed the use of "Revolution" with the "active support and encouragement of [[Yoko Ono|Yoko Ono Lennon]], a shareholder and director of Apple."
That same year, Apple Records sued Nike Inc., Capitol Records Inc., [[EMI|EMI Records]] Inc. and Wieden+Kennedy for $15&nbsp;million.<ref name="AP">According to a July 28, 1987, article written by the [[Associated Press]].</ref> Capitol-EMI countered by saying the lawsuit was "groundless" because Capitol had licensed the use of "Revolution" with the "active support and encouragement of [[Yoko Ono]], a shareholder and director of Apple Records."


Nike discontinued airing ads featuring "Revolution" in March 1988. Yoko Ono later gave permission to Nike to use [[John Lennon]]'s "Instant Karma" in another advertisement.
Nike discontinued airing ads featuring "Revolution" in March 1988. Yoko Ono later gave permission to Nike to use [[John Lennon]]'s "Instant Karma" in another advertisement.


====New media marketing====
====New media marketing====
Nike was an early adopter of [[internet marketing]], [[email management]] technologies, and using [[broadcast]] and [[narrowcasting|narrowcast]] communication technologies to create multimedia marketing campaigns.
Nike was an early adopter of [[internet marketing]], [[email management]] technologies, and using [[broadcast]] and [[narrowcasting|narrowcast]] communication technologies to create multimedia marketing campaigns.

In 1997, Nike was under fire for their labor practices amidst increased public awareness of the use of sweatshops in outsourced manufacturing. Nike created a website and adopted an email management system, [[EchoMail]], to diplomatically deal with the influx of email communication and strengthen their public image through one-on-one interactions. This allowed them to mine data, remain sensitive to costumer feedback, and reduce the cost of service. Advertisers [[Wieden+Kennedy]] utilized the same email management technology for Nike to integrate TV, email, print media and the web in one of the earliest multimedia marketing campaigns, that allowed consumers to email featured athletes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ayyadurai |first=VA Shiva |authorlink=Shiva Ayyadurai |year=2013 |title=The Email Revolution: Unleashing the Power to Connect |pages=71-76 |isbn= 978-1621532637}}</ref>


====Minor Threat advertisement====
====Minor Threat advertisement====
In late June 2005, Nike received criticism from [[Ian MacKaye]], owner of [[Dischord Records]], guitarist/vocalist for [[Fugazi]] and [[The Evens]], and front man of the defunct punk band [[Minor Threat]], for appropriating imagery and text from Minor Threat's [[First Two 7"s on a 12"|1981 self-titled album]]'s cover art in a flyer promoting [[Nike Skateboarding]]'s 2005 East Coast demo tour. {{-}}
In late June 2005, Nike received criticism from [[Ian MacKaye]], owner of [[Dischord Records]], guitarist/vocalist for [[Fugazi]] and [[The Evens]], and front man of the defunct punk band [[Minor Threat]], for appropriating imagery and text from Minor Threat's [[First Two 7"s on a 12"|1981 self-titled album]]'s cover art in a flyer promoting [[Nike Skateboarding]]'s 2005 East Coast demo tour.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levine |first1=Robert |title=A Nike Poster Upsets Fans of the Punk Rock Band Minor Threat in a Major Way |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/04/business/media/a-nike-poster-upsets-fans-of-the-punk-rock-band-minor-threat.html |work=The New York Times |date=4 July 2005 }}</ref> {{Clear}}
On June 27, Nike Skateboarding's website issued an apology to Dischord, Minor Threat, and fans of both and announced that they have tried to remove and dispose of all flyers. They stated that the people who designed it were skateboarders and Minor Threat fans themselves who created the advertisement out of respect and appreciation for the band.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nike.com/nikeskateboarding/v2/letter/index.html |title=Skateboarding |publisher=Nike |accessdate=September 18, 2010}}</ref> The dispute was eventually settled out of court between Nike and Minor Threat.
On June 27, Nike Skateboarding's website issued an apology to Dischord, Minor Threat, and fans of both and announced that they have tried to remove and dispose of all flyers. They stated that the people who designed it were skateboarders and Minor Threat fans themselves who created the advertisement out of respect and appreciation for the band.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nike.com/nikeskateboarding/v2/letter/index.html |title=Skateboarding |publisher=Nike |access-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125082327/http://www.nike.com/nikeskateboarding/v2/letter/index.html |archive-date=November 25, 2010 }}</ref> The dispute was eventually settled out of court between Nike and Minor Threat.


[[File:Niketown08.jpg|thumb|right|Niketown at [[Oxford Circus]], London]]
[[File:Niketown08.jpg|thumb|right|Niketown at [[Oxford Circus]], London]]


====Nike 6.0====
====Nike 6.0====
As part of the 6.0 campaign, Nike introduced a new line of T-shirts that include phrases such as "Dope", "Get High" and "Ride Pipe" – sports lingo that is also a [[double entendre]] for [[Recreational drug use|drug use]]. Boston Mayor [[Thomas Menino]] expressed his objection to the shirts after seeing them in a window display at the city's [[Niketown]] and asked the store to remove the display. "What we don't need is a major corporation like Nike, which tries to appeal to the younger generation, out there giving credence to the drug issue," Menino told ''[[The Boston Herald]]''. A company official stated the shirts were meant to pay homage to extreme sports, and that Nike does not condone the illegal use of drugs.<ref>{{cite news | first = Allan | last = Brettman | title = Nike courts controversy, publicity with drug-themed skater shirts | publisher=The Oregonian | date = June 22, 2011 | url = http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2011/06/nike_courts_controversy_public.html | accessdate = 2011-06-24}}</ref> Nike was forced to replace the shirt line.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stocksandshares.tv/nike-inc-nysenke-facing-slogan-backlash/3209121 |title=Nike Inc. (NYSE:NKE) Facing Slogan Backlash |publisher=stocksandshares.tv |date=June 24, 2011}}</ref>
As part of the 6.0 campaign, Nike introduced a new line of T-shirts that include phrases such as "Dope", "Get High" and "Ride Pipe" – sports lingo that is also a [[double entendre]] for [[Recreational drug use|drug use]]. Boston Mayor [[Thomas Menino]] expressed his objection to the shirts after seeing them in a window display at the city's Niketown and asked the store to remove the display. "What we don't need is a major corporation like Nike, which tries to appeal to the younger generation, out there giving credence to the drug issue," Menino told ''[[The Boston Herald]]''. A company official stated the shirts were meant to pay homage to extreme sports, and that Nike does not condone the illegal use of drugs.<ref>{{cite news | first = Allan | last = Brettman | title = Nike courts controversy, publicity with drug-themed skater shirts | newspaper=The Oregonian | date = June 22, 2011 | url = http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2011/06/nike_courts_controversy_public.html | access-date = June 24, 2011}}</ref> Nike was forced to replace the shirt line.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stocksandshares.tv/nike-inc-nysenke-facing-slogan-backlash/3209121 |title=Nike Inc. (NYSE:NKE) Facing Slogan Backlash |publisher=stocksandshares.tv |date=June 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627184405/http://www.stocksandshares.tv/nike-inc-nysenke-facing-slogan-backlash/3209121 |archive-date=June 27, 2011 }}</ref>

===NBA uniform deal===
In June 2015, Nike signed an 8-year deal with the [[NBA]] to become the official uniform supplier for the league, beginning with the 2017–18 season.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015" /> The brand took over for [[Adidas]], who provided the uniforms for the league since 2006.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015" /> Unlike previous deals, Nike's logo appear on NBA jerseys – a first for the league.<ref name="BallerStatus-2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/06/11/nike-signs-8-year-deal-with-nba/ |title=Nike Signs 8-Year Deal With NBA |publisher=BallerStatus.com |date=June 11, 2015 |access-date=June 11, 2015 |archive-date=April 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424030911/https://www.ballerstatus.com/2015/06/11/nike-signs-8-year-deal-with-nba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially, the [[Charlotte Hornets]], owned by longtime Nike endorser [[Michael Jordan]], were the only team not to sport the Nike swoosh, instead wearing the [[Jumpman (logo)|Jumpman]] logo associated with Jordan-related merchandise.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbnation.com/lookit/2017/6/26/15872910/hornets-jumpman-jerseys-nba-nike-license |title=The Hornets will be the only NBA team to have jerseys licensed by Jumpman |first=James |last=Dator |publisher=[[SB Nation]] |date=June 26, 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> However, beginning with the 2020–21 season, the Jumpman replaced the swoosh on the NBA's alternate "Statement" uniforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/news/nba-statement-edition-uniforms-jordan-brand-jumpman|title=Jumpman logo will appear on NBA Statement Edition uniforms for 2020–21 season|website=NBA.com|date=July 21, 2020|accessdate=June 18, 2022}}</ref>


==Sponsorship==
==Sponsorship==
[[File:Mario Götze, Germany national football team (02).jpg|thumb|right|170px|Nike sponsors [[Mario Götze]] and many other players and clubs in football]]


[[File:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Michael Jordan]] (pictured in 1987) helped drive Nike sales.]]
Nike pays top athletes in many sports to use their products and [[promotion (marketing)|promote]] and advertise their technology and design.


Nike's first professional athlete endorser was Romanian tennis player [[Ilie Năstase]]. The first track endorser was distance runner [[Steve Prefontaine]]. Prefontaine was the prized pupil of the company's co-founder, [[Bill Bowerman]], while he coached at the [[University of Oregon]]. Today, the Steve Prefontaine Building is named in his honor at Nike's corporate headquarters.
Nike sponsors top athletes in many sports to use their products and promote and advertise their technology and design. Nike's first professional athlete endorser was Romanian tennis player [[Ilie Năstase]].<ref name="thestreet.com"/> The first track endorser was distance runner [[Steve Prefontaine]]. Prefontaine was the prized pupil of the company's co-founder, [[Bill Bowerman]], while he coached at the University of Oregon. Today, the Steve Prefontaine Building is named in his honor at Nike's corporate headquarters. Nike has only made one statue of its sponsored athletes and it is of Steve Prefontaine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0WMzYGhCgw|title=Fire on the Track – The Steve Prefontaine Story – Part 1|website=YouTube|language=en-US|access-date=June 4, 2019}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>


Nike has also sponsored many other successful [[track and field]] athletes over the years, such as [[Carl Lewis]], [[Jackie Joyner-Kersee]] and [[Sebastian Coe]]. The signing of basketball player [[Michael Jordan]] in 1984, with his subsequent promotion of Nike over the course of his career, with [[Spike Lee]] as [[Mars Blackmon]], proved to be one of the biggest boosts to Nike's publicity and sales.
Nike has also sponsored many other successful [[track and field]] athletes over the years, such as [[Sebastian Coe]], [[Carl Lewis]], [[Jackie Joyner-Kersee]], [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] and [[Allyson Felix]]. The signing of basketball player [[Michael Jordan]] in 1984, with his subsequent promotion of Nike over the course of his career, with [[Spike Lee]] as [[Mars Blackmon]], proved to be one of the biggest boosts to Nike's publicity and sales.<ref>Skidmore, Sarah. [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004116738_airjordan10.html "23 years later, Air Jordans maintain mystique"], ''[[The Seattle Times]]'', January 10, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</ref>
[[File:Ronaldinho 11feb2007.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Ronaldinho]] (pictured with Barcelona in 2007) appeared in a 2005 Nike advertisement that went [[Viral video|viral]] on [[YouTube]], becoming the site's first video to reach one million views.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2282815-the-10-most-bling-boots-in-football|title=The 10 Most 'Bling' Boots in Football|last=Bailey|first=Ryan|website=Bleacher Report|language=en|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vidyard.com/blog/short-ish-history-online-video/|title=A Shortish History of Online Video|website=Vidyard|language=en-US|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref>]]


Nike is a major sponsor of the athletic programs at [[Penn State University]] and named its first child care facility after [[Joe Paterno]] when it opened in 1990 at the company's headquarters. Nike originally announced it would not remove Paterno's name from the building in the wake of the Penn State sex abuse scandal. After the Freeh Report was released on July 12, 2012, Nike CEO Mark Parker announced the name Joe Paterno would be removed immediately from the child development center. A new name has yet to be announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paterno's name off child care center |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/president-of-nike-mark-parker-deicdes-to-change-name-of-joe-paterno-child-development-center-at-company-headquarters-071212 |work=FOX Sports |access-date=July 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715024438/http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/president-of-nike-mark-parker-deicdes-to-change-name-of-joe-paterno-child-development-center-at-company-headquarters-071212 |archive-date=July 15, 2012 |date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Joe Paterno's Name Removed From Child Development Center at Nike Headquarters|url=http://www.nesn.com/2012/07/joe-paternos-name-removed-from-child-development-center-at-nike-headquarters.html|publisher=NESN.com|access-date=July 12, 2012|date=July 12, 2012}}</ref>
Nike was the official kit sponsor for the [[Indian cricket team]] for five years, from 2006 until the end of 2010.<ref>[http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/30804/team-india-gets-new-nike-odi-kit/ Team India's new NIKE ODI kit]</ref><ref>[http://www.cricketliveguide.com/2010/09/29/new-nike-odi-team-kit-for-indian-cricket-team/ Indian Cricket team's NIKE ODI kit]</ref>


[[File:Kylian Mbappe 2017.jpg|thumb|upright|170px|Nike Hypervenom 3 boots were commissioned for French prodigy [[Kylian Mbappé]].]]
Nike is a major sponsor of the athletic programs at [[Penn State University]] and named its first child care facility after [[Joe Paterno]] when it opened in 1990 at the company's headquarters. Nike originally announced it would not remove Paterno's name from the building in the wake of the Penn State sex abuse scandal. After the Freeh Report was released on July 12, 2012, Nike CEO Mark Parker announced the name Joe Paterno would be removed immediately from the child development center. A new name has yet to be announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paterno's name off child care center|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/collegefootball/story/president-of-nike-mark-parker-deicdes-to-change-name-of-joe-paterno-child-development-center-at-company-headquarters-071212|publisher=FOX Sports|accessdate=12 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Joe Paterno's Name Removed From Child Development Center at Nike Headquarters|url=http://www.nesn.com/2012/07/joe-paternos-name-removed-from-child-development-center-at-nike-headquarters.html|publisher=NESN.com|accessdate=12 July 2012}}</ref>
In the early 1990s, Nike made a strong push into the soccer business making endorsement deals with famous and charismatic players such as [[Romário]], [[Eric Cantona]] or [[Edgar Davids]]. They continued the growth in the sport by signing more top players including: [[Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)|Ronaldo]], [[Ronaldinho]], [[Francesco Totti]], [[Thierry Henry]], [[Didier Drogba]], [[Andrés Iniesta]], [[Wayne Rooney]] and still have many of the sport's biggest stars under their name, with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]], [[Neymar]], [[Harry Kane]], [[Eden Hazard]] and [[Kylian Mbappé]] among others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nikemedia.com.br/futebol/atletas/ |title=Jogadores de Futebol Patrocinados pela Nike |publisher=Nike Brasil |access-date=February 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419025657/http://nikemedia.com.br/futebol/atletas/ |archive-date=April 19, 2013 }}</ref> A Barcelona prodigy, [[Lionel Messi]] had been signed with Nike since age 14, but transferred to Adidas after they successfully challenged their rival's claim to his image rights in court.<ref>{{cite book |title=Messi: The Inside Story of the Boy Who Became a Legend |last=Caioli |first=Luca |date=2012 |publisher=Corinthian Books |page=94}}</ref>


Nike has been the official ball supplier for the [[Premier League]] since the 2000–01 season.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Northcroft |title=The Premier League's goal rush |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/article6860188.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918065228/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/article6860188.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 18, 2011 |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=October 4, 2009 |access-date=December 2, 2021}}</ref> In 2012, Nike carried a commercial partnership with the [[Asian Football Confederation]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/nike_offers_further_backing_for_asian_soccer|title=Nike offers further backing for Asian soccer|access-date=December 4, 2017|language=en}}</ref>
Nike also sponsored soccer players such as [[Ronaldo]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Didier Drogba]], [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]], [[Mario Balotelli]], [[Wesley Sneijder]], [[Wayne Rooney]], [[Landon Donovan]] among others.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nikemedia.com.br/futebol/atletas/ |title=Jogadores de Futebol Patrocinados pela Nike |publisher=Nike Brasil |accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref>
In August 2014, Nike announced that they will not renew their kit supply deal with [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] after the 2014–15 season, citing rising costs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Premier League: Sportswear giants Nike to end Manchester United sponsorship|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12040/9375980/premier-league-sportswear-giants-nike-to-end-manchester-united-sponsorship|access-date=August 7, 2014|newspaper=Sky Sports|date=August 7, 2014|location=London}}</ref> Since the start of the 2015–16 season, [[Adidas]] has manufactured Manchester United's kit as part of a world-record 10-year deal worth a minimum of £750 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manchester United sign record 10-year kit deal with Adidas worth £750m|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/14/manchester-united-kit-deal-adidas|last=Jackson|first=Jamie|access-date=July 14, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=July 14, 2014|location=London}}</ref>


[[File:-2009-04-18 Camp Nou stadium, Barcalona, Spain (12).JPG|thumb|left|Nike logo in the [[Camp Nou]], the home stadium of Barcelona]]
In January 2013, Nike signed [[Rory McIlroy]], the then No 1 golfer in the world to a 10-year sponsorship deal worth $250 million. The deal includes using Nike's range of golf clubs, a move [[Nick Faldo]] previously described as "dangerous" for McIlroy's game.<ref name="BBC">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/golf/21018786 Rory McIlroy, Nike and the $250m, 10-year sponsorship deal]</ref>
Nike still has many of the top teams playing in their uniforms, including: [[FC Barcelona]], [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] and [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (the latter from the 2020–21 season),<ref>{{cite press release |title=LFC announces multi-year partnership with Nike as official kit supplier from 2020–21 |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/announcements/381644-liverpool-fc-announces-multi-year-partnership-with-nike-as-official-kit-supplier-from-2020-21 |access-date=January 7, 2020 |publisher=Liverpool Football Club|location=Liverpool}}</ref> and the national teams of Brazil, France, England, Portugal and the Netherlands among many others.


Nike has been the sponsor for many top ranked tennis players. Brand's commercial success in the sport went hand in hand with the endorsement deals signed with the biggest and the world's most charismatic stars and number one ranked players of the subsequent eras, including [[John McEnroe]] in the 1980s, [[Andre Agassi]] and [[Pete Sampras]] in the 1990s and [[Roger Federer]], [[Rafael Nadal]], [[Serena Williams]] and [[Maria Sharapova]] with the start of the 21st century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.nike.com/news/the-history-of-nike-tennis |title=The History of Nike Tennis |publisher=Nike |date=August 20, 2015 |access-date=August 19, 2021 }}</ref>
On February 21, 2013, Nike announced it suspended its contract with [[Oscar Pistorius]], due to his being charged with [[premeditated murder]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oscar Pistorius dropped by Nike|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2013/02/21/oscar-pistorius-nike-suspends-contract/1935109/|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=21 February 2013}}</ref>


[[File:Tiger Woods June 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tiger Woods]]]]
===Current sponsorships===
Nike sponsored [[Tiger Woods]] until 2024,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67916788 |title=Tiger Woods and Nike end 27-year partnership |date=January 8, 2024 }}</ref> and remained on his side amid the controversies that shaped the golfer's career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/06/nike-welcomes-tiger-woods-back-to-the-masters-with-ad-featuring-his-greatest-hits.html|title=Nike welcomes Tiger Woods back to the Masters with ad featuring his greatest hits|last=Handley|first=Lucy|date=April 6, 2018|website=www.cnbc.com|access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref> In January 2013, Nike signed [[Rory McIlroy]], the then No 1 golfer in the world to a 10-year sponsorship deal worth $250 million.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|author=Tom Fordyce |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/golf/21018786 |title=Rory McIlroy, Nike and the $250m, 10-year sponsorship deal |publisher=BBC |date=January 14, 2013 |access-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref> Nike has also gone on to sign top players in golf including [[Scottie Scheffler]], [[Brooks Koepka]], [[Nelly Korda]], [[Tommy Fleetwood]], [[Tony Finau]] and [[Cam Davis]].
Nike manufactures and provides kit uniforms for a wide range of teams around the world. Some of the most important clubs and associations sponsored by the company are:


Nike was the official kit sponsor for the [[Indian cricket team]] from 2005 to 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/30804/team-india-gets-new-nike-odi-kit/ |title=Team India's new NIKE ODI kit |date=October 2010 |publisher=Cricbuzz.com |access-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cricketliveguide.com/2010/09/29/new-nike-odi-team-kit-for-indian-cricket-team/ |title=Indian Cricket team's NIKE ODI kit |publisher=Cricketliveguide.com |date=September 29, 2010 |access-date=October 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005021719/http://www.cricketliveguide.com/2010/09/29/new-nike-odi-team-kit-for-indian-cricket-team/ |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On February 21, 2013, Nike announced it suspended its contract with South African limbless athlete [[Oscar Pistorius]], due to him being charged with [[premeditated murder]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Oscar Pistorius dropped by Nike|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2013/02/21/oscar-pistorius-nike-suspends-contract/1935109/|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=February 21, 2013|first1=Roxanna|last1=Scott|date=February 21, 2013}}</ref>
====American football====
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[National Football League|NFL]] (all teams uniforms) <ref>[http://www.ubscure.com/Art/137341/52/NFL-Signs-Football-Deal-With-Nike.html "NFL Signs Football Deal With Nike"]</ref><ref>[http://www.sneakerfiles.com/2010/10/12/breaking-news-nfl-signs-nike/ "Breaking news: NFL signs Nike"], 12 October 2010</ref>


Nike consolidated its position in basketball in 2015 when it was announced that the company would sign an 8-year deal with the NBA, taking over from the league's previous uniform sponsor, Adidas. The deal required all franchise team members to wear jerseys and shorts with the Swoosh logo, beginning with the 2017/18 season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/13053413|title=Sources: NBA, Nike have near-$1B apparel deal|date=June 10, 2015|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref> After the success of partnership with Jordan, which resulted in the creation of the unique [[Air Jordan]] brand, Nike has continued to build partnership with the biggest names in basketball. LeBron James was given the Slogan "We are All Witnesses" when he signed with Nike. Similar to "Air Jordan", James' brand became massively popular.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fleetwood|first=Nicole R.|title=On Racial Icons: Blackness and the Public Imagination|date=2015|publisher=Rutgers University Press|jstor=j.ctt15sk7t3|isbn=978-0-8135-6515-6|edition=DGO - Digital original}}</ref> Some have had signature shoes designed for them, including [[Kobe Bryant]], [[Jason Kidd]], [[Vince Carter]] and more recently, James and [[Kevin Durant]], [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]], [[Jayson Tatum]], [[Paul George]] and [[Luka Dončić]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lakersnation.com/nike-zoom-kobe-4-protro-white-del-sol-pop-returns-may-24-on-snkrs/2019/05/23/|title=Nike Zoom Kobe 4 Protro 'White/Del Sol' POP Returns May 24 On SNKRS|date=May 23, 2019|website=Lakers Nation|language=en-US|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sneakernews.com/2019/03/07/vince-carter-nike-shox-bb4-raptors-pe/|title=Vince Carter Nike Shox BB4 Raptors PE {{!}} SneakerNews.com|date=March 7, 2019|website=Sneaker News|language=en-US|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2019/5/nike-lebron-james-16-hot-lava-release|title=Nike Unleashes "Hot Lava" LeBron 16s|website=HYPEBEAST|date=May 20, 2019|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nba/2019/03/15/kevin-durant-nike-kd12-signature-sneaker-first-look|title=Kevin Durant unveils Nike KD 12|website=SI.com|date=March 15, 2019 |language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sbnation.com/2017/11/7/16618964/giannis-antetokounmpo-nike-sneaker-deal-nba/ | title=Giannis Antetokounmpo re-signs with Nike for a 'long-term partnership' | date=November 7, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nba/2018/11/15/paul-george-nike-basketball-signature-thunder-pacers|title=The story behind Paul George's signature sneaker|website=SI.com|date=November 15, 2018 |language=en|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref>
====Baseball====
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea national baseball team|South Korea]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-unveils-new-uniform-for-koreas-national-baseball-team "Nike's Korean national baseball team uniforms", 18 January 2013]</ref>


Nike recently made signature shoes for WNBA stars as well, as the leagues popularity takes off. Although a dozen women have received signature sneakers in the WNBA's 27-year history, it had been over a decade since a woman had received a signature sneaker. Nike's first signature shoe in the WNBA was with [[Sheryl Swoopes|Sheryl Swoops]], and since then they have made signature silhouettes for [[Lisa Leslie]], [[Dawn Staley]], [[Cynthia Cooper-Dyke|Cynthia Cooper]], and most recently for [[Sabrina Ionescu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vlahos |first=Nicholas |date=25 April 2024 |title=Every WNBA Player Who's Had a Signature Sneaker |url=https://www.soleretriever.com/news/articles/every-wnba-player-with-a-signature-sneaker#Sheryl-Swoopes---Nike-Air-Swoopes-(1995-2002) |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=[[Sole Retriever]]}}</ref> [[Caitlin Clark]] will also receive a signature shoe deal as part of her eight-year, 28 million dollar deal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vlahos |first=Nicholas |date=23 April 2024 |title=Caitlin Clark Will Get a Signature Nike Sneaker |url=https://www.soleretriever.com/news/articles/caitlin-clark-signature-nike-sneaker-eight-figure-endorsement-deal-april-2024 |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=[[Sole Retriever]]}}</ref>
====Basketball (club teams)====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Olympiacos B.C.|Olympiacos]]
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]]
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul SK Knights]]
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Asseco Prokom Gdynia|Asseco Prokom]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[PBC CSKA Moscow|CSKA Moscow]]
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[FC Barcelona Bàsquet|Barcelona]]
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Anadolu Efes S.K.|Anadolu Efes]]
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Fenerbahçe Ülker]]
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}


A news report originating from CNN reported that Nike spent $11.5 billion, nearly a third of its sales, on marketing and endorsement contracts in the year 2018. Nike and its Jordan brand sponsored 85 men's and women's basketball teams in the NCAA tournament.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike stocks fall after basketball prodigy touted as the 'next LeBron James' blows out his sneaker |url=https://finance.nine.com.au/2019/02/22/05/44/zion-williams-injury-nike-stocks-fall-after-basketball-prodigys-sneaker-explodes |website=nine.come. au |access-date=February 21, 2019}}</ref>
====Basketball (national teams)====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil national basketball team|Brazil]]
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada men's national basketball team|Canada]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[China men's national basketball team|China]]
*{{flagicon|France}} [[France national basketball team|France]]
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel national basketball team|Israel]]
*{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Lithuania national basketball team|Lithuania]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria national basketball team|Nigeria]]
*{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippine men's national basketball team|Philippines]]
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea national basketball team|South Korea]]
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain national basketball team|Spain]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-and-the-spanish-basketball-federation-announce-new-partnership "Nike to be official kit supplier to Spanish Basketball Federation from 2013", 5 September 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[United States national basketball team|United States]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/usab-men-and-women-wbf-2012 "USA basketball teams photographed", 16 July 2012]</ref>
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}


==Ties with the University of Oregon==
====Cricket====
{{See also|Nike and the University of Oregon}}
* {{cr|India}} <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-unveils-innovative-t20-kit-for-team-india "Nike unveils innovative kit for t20 cricket team", 16 August 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/article1770161.ece "Nike extends Team India's apparel sponsorship", "The Hindu", April 26, 2011]</ref>
Nike maintains strong ties, both directly and through partnerships with [[Phil Knight]], with the [[University of Oregon]].<ref name="Alger" /> Nike designs the University of Oregon football program's team attire.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coaston|first=Jane|date=August 10, 2020|title=The Big Ten and Pac-12 postponed the college football season. Here's how we got here.|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/8/10/21355857/college-football-coronavirus-explained|access-date=August 31, 2020|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref> New unique combinations are issued before every game day.<ref name="Alger">{{cite news|last1=Alger|first1=Tyson|title=Oregon Ducks add orange to their Nike uniform repertoire for Colorado game|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/index.ssf/2016/09/oregon_ducks_add_orange_to_the.html|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=The Oregonian}}</ref> [[Tinker Hatfield]], who also redesigned the university's logo, leads this effort.<ref name="Knight, and Tinker Hatfield">{{cite news|last1=Peter|first1=Josh|title=Behind Oregon's (Phil) Knight in shining armor|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaaf/pac12/2014/12/29/oregon-nike-phil-knight-college-football-playoff/21013009/|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref>


More recently, the corporation donated $13.5 million towards the renovation and expansion of [[Hayward Field]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Germano|first1=Sara|title=Nike Pledges $13.5 Million to Help Renovate University of Oregon Track Facilities|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nike-pledges-13-5-million-to-help-renovate-university-of-oregon-track-facilities-1452022519|access-date=June 7, 2017|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
====Football (clubs)====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Boca Juniors]] <ref>[http://www.infobae.com/notas/545775-Boca-cerro-un-contrato-millonario-el-mas-alto-de-la-historia.html "Boca cerró un contrato millonario, el más alto de la historia"], Infobae, 6 November 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.marcadegol.com/2012/12/boca-contrato-nike-2019/ "Boca amplía su contrato con Nike: U$S 60 millones hasta 2019", Marca de Gol], 21 December 2012</ref>
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Western Sydney Wanderers]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-australia-announces-five-year-sponsorship-with-new-football-club "Nike Australia announces sponsorship of the Western Sydney Wanderers", 28 June 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[FK Austria Wien]]
*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[FK Sarajevo]]
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Esporte Clube Bahia|Bahia]]
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] <ref>[http://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/40087_corinthians_agree__144m_nike_sponsorship_deal.html "Corinthians agree $144m Nike sponsorship deal" at SambaFoot, 11 December 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Coritiba Foot Ball Club|Coritiba]]
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Associação Esportiva Social e Recreativa Riopardense|Riopardense]] <ref>[http://zerohora.clicrbs.com.br/rs/esportes/entrevero/noticia/2013/03/riopardense-divulga-foto-com-as-novas-camisas-produzidas-pela-nike-4082912.html "Riopardense apresenta novos uniformes com a marca da Nike" at ZeroHora, 21 May 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Santos FC|Santos]] <ref>[http://www.sambafoot.com/en/news/26024_santos_to_sign_with_nike_until_2016.html "Santos to sign with Nike until 2016" at SambaFoot.com, 22 November 2011]</ref><ref>[http://soccerreviews.com/news/santos-nike-kit/ "Santos sign with Nike", SoccerViews.com, 5 February 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Sport Club Internacional|SC Internacional]]
*{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Atlético Nacional]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-presents-atltico-nacional-kits-for-2013-14-season "Atlético Nacional to defend title in new Nike kits", 31 January 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Omonia Nicosia]] <ref>[http://www.blablacy.com/2012/06/nike.html Με NIKE του χρόνου η Ομόνοια, 7 July 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[AC Sparta Prague|Sparta Prague]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-presents-ac-sparta-prague-collection-for-20122013-season "Nike presents Sparta Prague collection", 9 August 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] <ref name=footeams/>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]]
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Blackburn Rovers]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/rovers-team-up-with-nike "Rovers team up with Nike", 8 February 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester City]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester City and Nike Announce New Partnership|url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/news/club-news/2012/may/manchester-city-announce-nike-kit-partnership|publisher=Manchester City FC|accessdate=5 March 2013}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United]] <ref name=footeams/>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[CS Sedan Ardennes]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Dijon FCO]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Le Havre AC]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lille OSC]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Montpellier HSC]] <ref>[http://footballfashion.org/wordpress/2011/09/24/montpellier-nike-201112-home-and-away-kits-maillots/ "Montpellier Nike 2011/12 Home and Away Kits / Maillots" at FootballFashion]</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris St. Germain]] <ref>[http://todosobrecamisetas.blogspot.com.ar/2012/05/maillot-nike-del-psg-20122013.html "Maillott Nike Paris St. Germain 2012-13"]</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[SM Caen]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Stade Brestois 29]] <ref>[http://www.footballkitnews.com/5130/new-stade-brestois-kits-2012-2013-nike-brest-home-away-and-third-shirts-12-13/ "New Stade Brestois Kits 2012-2013- Nike Brest Home, Away and Third Shirts 12-13" at FootballKitNews]</ref>
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[VfL Bochum]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Dynamo Dresden]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[MSV Duisburg]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[SC Freiburg]] <ref>[http://www.footballshirtculture.com/sponsorship/sc-freiburg-agree-nike-kit-deal.html "SC Freiburg agree Nike kit deal", FootballShirtCulture.com, 20 January 2009]</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hertha BSC Berlin]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[1. FSV Mainz 05]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Werder Bremen]] <ref>[http://todosobrecamisetas.blogspot.com.ar/2012/06/werder-bremen-nike-heimtrikot-20122013.html "Werder Bremen Nike HeimTrikot 2012/2013" at TodosobreCamisetas]</ref>
*{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Apollon Smyrni F.C.|Apollon Smyrni]]
*{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Asteras Tripoli F.C.|Asteras Tripolis]]
*{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Kalloni F.C.|Kalloni]]
*{{flagicon|Greece}} [[P.A.O.K. F.C.|PAOK]]
*{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[PAS Giannina F.C.|PAS Giannina]]
*{{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Skoda Xanthi F.C.|Skoda Xanthi]]
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Hellas Verona]]
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] <ref name=footeams/>
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Internazionale Milano|Inter]] <ref name=footeams/>
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[A.S. Roma]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/as-roma-team-up-with-nike "AS Roma Teams Up With Nike", Nike,Inc.]</ref> <small>(Starting in the 2014-15 season)</small>
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Maccabi Haifa]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-unveils-maccabi-haifa-home-kit-for-201213-season "Nike unveils Maccabi Haifa kit for 2012-13", 2 August 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kashima Antlers]] <ref name=japan/>
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sanfrecce Hiroshima]] <ref name=japan>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-launches-new-football-kits-for-japanese-club-teams-for-the-2013-season "Japan club teams head to the pitch in 2013", 29 January 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Urawa Red Diamonds]] <ref name=japan/>
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Club América|América]] <ref>[http://www.clubamerica.com.mx/comunicados/america-presento-su-tercer-uniforme/ "América presentó su tercer uniforme", Club América official site]</ref>
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Club Atlas|Atlas]] <ref>[http://www.laciudaddeportiva.com/nike-volvera-a-vestir-al-atlas-en-2013 "Nike volverá a vestir al Atlas en 2013", LaCiudadDeportiva.com, 26 December 2012]</ref><ref>[http://deportes.publimetro.com.mx/fucho/atlas-vuelve-a-vestir-nike "Atlas vuelve a vestir Nike", Publisport, 26 December 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]] <ref>[http://www.footballshirtculture.com/sponsorship/psv-sign-new-nike-kit-deal.html "PSV sign new Nike kit deal" at Footballshirtculture, 9 January 2009]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[FC Twente]]
*{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Club Libertad|Libertad]] <ref>[http://todosobrecamisetas.blogspot.com.ar/2013/01/anticipos-cerro-porteno-diadora-y.html "Camiseta Nike de Libertad 2013" on Todosobrecamisetas website]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Perú}} [[Alianza Lima]] <ref>[http://www.libero.pe/tal-como-libero-anuncio-alianza-lima-lucira-esta-camiseta-por-todo-el-2013-2013-02-02 "Alianza Lima lucirá esta camiseta por todo el 2013" at Libero, 5 February 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Stallions FC]]
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F.|Académica de Coimbra]]<ref>[http://www.lusofans.com/portugal/liga-zon-sagres/liga-zon-sagres-liga-zon-sagres/academica/equipamentos-20132014/ "Equipamentos 2013\2014" at LusoFans]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[C.F. Os Belenenses|Belenenses]]<ref>[http://cdn.record.xl.pt/storage/ngAF2138DA-3969-47C5-88C3-053352E2AC0D.jpg?type=big "Imagem" at Record]</ref>
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[FC Porto|Porto]] <ref>[http://todosobrecamisetas.blogspot.com.ar/2012/07/oficial-nuevas-camisolas-nike-del-fc.html "Nuevas Camisolas Nike del FC Porto 2012/2013" at TodosobreCamisetas]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Vitória S.C.|Vitória de Guimarães]] <ref>[http://www.guimaraesdigital.com/index.php?a=noticias&id=52931 "Conheça aquele que deverá ser o próximo equipamento do Vitória" at Guimarães Digital]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Romania}} [[FC Dinamo Bucureşti|Dinamo Bucharest]] <ref>[http://www.fcdinamo.ro/ "Official partners of FC Dinamo Bucharest" at Fcdinamo]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Romania}} [[FC Steaua București|Steaua Bucharest]] <ref>[http://www.steauafc.com/en/parteneri_oficiali/ "Official partners of FC Steaua Bucharest" at Steauafc]</ref>
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anzhi Makhachkala]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]]
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] <ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/mar/12/celtic-nike-sponsorship-25million-extended "Celtic secure £25m sponsorship deal with Nike" at guardian.co.uk]</ref>
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] <ref>[http://www.dundeeunitedfc.co.uk/index.asp?tm=2&nid=4505 "Dundee United announce Nike extension" at dundeeunitedfc.co.uk]</ref>
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] <ref>[http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/news/20130530/hibernian-announce-nike_2262950_3195509 "Hibernian announce Nike" at hibernianfc.co.uk]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Atlético Madrid]]
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Athletic Bilbao]]
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] <ref name=footeams>[http://www.nike.com/ar/es_ar/lp/football Football kits by Nike], retrieved 22 February 2013</ref>
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Córdoba CF|Córdoba]]
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Hércules CF|Hércules]]
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Málaga CF|Málaga]] <ref>[http://www.malagacf.com/es/noticia/actualidad/malaga-cf-nike-team-sports-amplian-su-vinculacion-temporada-201314/131/63652 "Málaga CF y Nike Team Sports amplían su vinculación hasta la temporada 2013-14" at Malaga official site, 6 July 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Real Sociedad]]
*{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Chonburi F.C.]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-thailand-unveils-chonburi-fc-club-kits-for-2013-season "Nike Thailand unveils Chonburi FC kits" at NikeInc.com, 12 February 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Galatasaray S.K. (football team)|Galatasaray]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-unveils-galatasaray-fc-kits-for-season-2012-2013 "Nike unveils Galatasaray FC kits for 2012-13", 18 July 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Trabzonspor]] <ref>[http://www.turkish-football.com/news_read.php?id=3137 "New Trabzonspor 2012-13 kit unveiled", 28 June 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-unveils-the-new-shakhtar-donetsk-away-kit "Nike unveils FC Shakhtar away kit for 2012-13 season", 19 July 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[New York Cosmos (2010)|NY Cosmos]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-official-kit-supplier-for-the-ny-cosmos "Nike named official kit supplier for the NY Cosmos" at NikeInc.com, 24 May 2013]</ref>
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}


Phil Knight has invested substantial personal funds towards developing and maintaining the university's athletic apparatus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bishop |first1=Greg |title=Oregon Embraces 'University of Nike' Image |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/03/sports/ncaafootball/oregon-football-complex-is-glittering-monument-to-ducks-ambitions.html |work=The New York Times |date=2 August 2013 }}</ref> His university projects often involve input from Nike designers and executives, such as [[Tinker Hatfield]].<ref name="Knight, and Tinker Hatfield" />
====Football (national teams)====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia national association football team|Australia]] <ref>[http://sneakerreport.com/news/nike-partners-with-football-federation-australia/ "Nike partners with Football Federation Australia" by Georgi Dwiggins at SneakerReport, 16 October 2012]</ref>
*{{Flagicon|BLZ}} [[Belize national football team|Belize]] <ref>[http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/86908 F.F.B. shows off new jerseys and jaguar teammates | Channel5Belize.com]. Edition.channel5belize.com (2013-06-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] <ref>[http://theoriginalwinger.com/2011-02-01-nike-unveils-new-brasil-national-team-jersey "Nike Unveils New Brasil National Team Jersey", TheOriginalWinger.com], 1 February 2011</ref>
*{{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] <ref name=unveils/>
*{{flagicon|East Timor}} [[Timor-Leste national football team|East Timor]]
*{{flagicon|England}} [[England national football team|England]]
*{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia national football team|Estonia]]
*{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece national football team|Greece]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-and-hellenic-football-federation-announce-partnership "Nike and Hellenic Football Federation announce partnership", 10 April 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong national football team|Hong Kong]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-football-unveils-hong-kong-national-team-kits "Nike unveils Hong Kong national team kits", 28 May 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia national football team|Indonesia]] <ref>[http://www.footballkitnews.com/8123/new-indonesia-soccer-jersey-2013-nike-indonesia-home-aff-suzuki-cup-2012-kit/ "New Indonesia Soccer Jersey 2013- Nike Indonesia Home AFF Suzuki Cup 2012 Kit" at Footballkitnews, 12 November 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands national football team|The Netherlands]] <ref name=unveils/>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[France national football team|France]] <ref name=unveils/>
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia national football team|Malaysia]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/malaysia-defends-the-championship-title-at-the-coming-asian-football-federation-cup "Malaysia defends championship title in Nike's uniform", 15 November 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Poland national football team|Poland]] <ref>[http://www.highsnobiety.com/2012/04/16/nike-football-unveils-nation-home-kits-for-croatia-france-netherlands-poland-and-portugal/ "Nike Football Unveils Nation Home Kits for Croatia, France, Netherlands, Poland and Portugal" at Footballshirtculture, 16 April 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] <ref name=unveils>[http://nikeinc.com/national-team-kit/news/nike-football-unveils-new-national-home-kits "Nike football unveils national home kits", Nike.com], 16 April 2012</ref>
*{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia national football team|Saudi Arabia]]
*{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Serbia national football team|Serbia]] <ref>[http://www.footballkitnews.com/4437/new-serbia-kit-2012-2013-nike-serbia-home-shirt-12-13/ "New Serbia Kit 2012-2013- Nike Serbia Home Shirt 12-13" at Footballkitnews, 17 April 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Slovenia national football team|Slovenia]]
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-unveils-korea-away-national-team-kit "Nike Football unveils Korea away national team kit", NikeFootball.com, 23 February 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Tahiti}} [[Tahiti national football team|Tahiti]]
*{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey national football team|Turkey]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-unveils-turkey-away-national-team-kit "Nike Football unveils Turkey away national team kit", NikeFootball.com, 27 February 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Vietnam national football team|Vietnam]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[US men's national soccer team|United States]] <ref>[http://www.ussoccer.com/news/mens-national-team/2012/04/us-men-and-women-national-teams-unveil-new-nike-home-jersey.aspx "U.S. Men's and Women's National Teams Unveil New Nike Home Jersey", USSoccer.com], 16 April 2012</ref>
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}


==Causes==
====Football (associations)====
In 2012, Nike is listed as a partner of the [[Product Red|(PRODUCT)<sup>RED</sup>]] campaign together with other brands such as [[Girl Distribution Company|Girl]], [[American Express]], and [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]]. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of [[HIV and pregnancy|HIV from mother to child]]. The campaign's byline is "Fighting For An AIDS Free Generation". The company's goal is to raise and send funds, for education and medical assistance to those who live in [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|areas heavily affected by AIDS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.nike.com/news/nike-and-red%E2%84%A2-unite|title=(RED) Partners|year=2012|work=(RED)|publisher=(RED), a division of The ONE Campaign|access-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref> In 2023, Nike became the presenting sponsor of [[Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities]], which encourages youth in underserved communities to participate in baseball and softball.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mlb.com/news/nike-becomes-presenting-sponsor-of-rbi-program | title=Nike becomes presenting sponsor of RBI Program | website=[[MLB.com]] }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Campeonato Brasileiro]] – Official Tournament ball
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Chinese Super League|Super League]] - All teams uniforms <ref>[http://todosobrecamisetas.blogspot.com.ar/2013/02/nike-china-super-league-team-kits-2013.html "Nike China Super League Team Kits 2013" at TodosobreCamisetas]</ref>
*{{flagicon|England}} [[Premier League]] – Official Tournament ball <ref>[http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/commercial/nike.html "Nike: Official Ball Supplier of the Premier League", Premier League official web, 12 February 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|England}} [[FA Cup]] – Official Tournament ball
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Coupe de France]] – Official Tournament ball
*{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Serie A]] – Official Tournament ball <ref>[http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/serie_a_and_nike_extend_major_deal/ "Serie A and Nike find back of the net" at SportsPro.com, 10 November 2011]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[La Liga]] – Official Tournament ball <ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.lfp.es/SobreLFP/Balon_oficial_LFP.aspx "Balón oficial LPF" at LFP website]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Segunda División]] – Official Tournament ball <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
*[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]] – Official Tournament ball
*{{flagicon|South America}} [[CONMEBOL]] – Official Tournament ball <ref>[http://www.lanacion.com.py/articulo/105779-copa-libertadores-nike-maxim-la-nueva-pelota-para-el-2013.html "Copa Libertadores: Nike Maxim, la nueva pelota para el 2013", ''La Nación'' of Paraguay, 21 December 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[United Soccer Leagues]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/united-soccer-leagues-and-nike-announce-sponsorship "Nike announces United Soccer League sponsorship", 11 December 2012]</ref>


===Golf===
== Program ==
The Nike Community Ambassador Program, allows Nike employees from around the world to go out and give to their community. Over 3,900 employees from various Nike stores have participated in teaching children to be active and healthy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://communityimpact.nike.com/nca|title=Nike Community Ambassadors {{!}} Nike Global Community Impact|website=Nike Global Community Impact|access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tiger Woods]]<ref name="BBC" />
*{{flagicon|Northern Ireland}} [[Rory McIlroy]]<ref name="BBC" />


====Rugby union====
== Research ==
In 2016, a study done by RTG Consulting Group reflected that Nike was the 3rd most relevant brand for [[Generation Z|Gen-Z]] in [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 brands most relevant to China's Gen-Z[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016top10/2016-09/07/content_26720784.htm |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Casey |date=2016-08-19 |title=Apple, Nike and Adidas Win Over China's Generation Y and Z |url=https://wwd.com/feature/apple-nike-and-adidas-win-over-chinas-generation-y-and-z-10510775/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Argentina national rugby union team|Argentina national team]] <ref>[http://www.iprofesional.com/notas/128057-Los-Pumas-cambian-de-casaca-dejan-Adidas-y-se-calzarn-las-Nike "Los Pumas cambian de casaca: dejan Adidas y se calzarán las Nike", InfobaeProfesional, 27 December 2011]</ref><ref>[http://mundod.lavoz.com.ar/rugby/nike-presento-la-nueva-camiseta-de-los-pumas-para-el-rugby-championship "Nike presentó la nueva camiseta de Los Pumas para el Rugby Championship", ''La Voz del Interior'', 22 August 2012]</ref><ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-launches-jersey-for-the-pumas-in-advance-of-their-rugby-championship-debut "Nike launches jersey for the Pumas", 18 August 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Saracens F.C.|Saracens]]


Roth MKM's 2023 [[Millennials|Millennial]] survey reported in March that millennials with health and wellness concerns in the aftermath of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] ranked brands like Nike, [[Adidas]] and [[Lululemon Athletica|Lululemon]]<ref name="sgbonline.com">{{Cite web |title=Report: Nike, Adidas And Lululemon Top Millennials' Favorite Athletic Brands {{!}} SGB Media Online |url=https://sgbonline.com/report-nike-adidas-and-lululemon-top-millennials-favorite-athletic-brands/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=sgbonline.com}}</ref> as their preferred brands for purchases.<ref name="sgbonline.com"/>
====Tennis====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Juan Martín Del Potro]] <ref>[http://somostennis.com.ar/2011/09/13/del-potro-nike-zoom-breathe/ "Juan Martín Del Potro diseñando las zapatillas Nike Zoom Breathe 2K11" at SomosTenis website, 13 September 2011]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Victoria Azarenka]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/nike-tennis-unveils-new-looks-for-paris "Nike tennis unveils new look for Paris", 2 May 2012]</ref>
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Na (tennis)|Li Na]] <ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-31/li-na-nears-top-earner-sharapova-with-42-million-in-endorsement-contracts.html "Li Na Nears Top Earner Sharapova With $42 Million in Endorsement Contracts" at Bloomberg, Jul 31, 2011]</ref>
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Maria Sharapova]] <ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aOaNyw2a_YhI "Sharapova Said to Renew Nike Contract for 8 Years, $70 Million" by Danielle Rossingh] at [[Bloomberg Businessweek]], 11 January 2010</ref>
{{col-3}}
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Rafael Nadal]] <ref>[http://www.forbes.com/2009/09/04/top-earning-tennis-business-players.html "Top-Earning Tennis Players" by Kurt Badenhausen, 9 April 2009]</ref>
* {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Roger Federer]] <ref>[http://www.thetennisspace.com/boom-time-for-brand-federer/ "Boom time for brand Federer" by Mark Hodgkinson, 14 January 2012]</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Serena Williams]] <ref>[http://bossip.com/707623/got-donk-serena-williams-holds-nike-training-camp-to-help-girls-tighten-their-assets/ "Serena Williams Holds Nike Training Camp", 8 January 2013]</ref>
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}


In January 2023, a study by [[Rakuten]] concluded that Nike was the [[Search engine|most popular]] [[sportswear]] brand in the US, followed by Lululemon and Adidas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lockwood |first=Lisa |date=2023-01-09 |title=Nike Most Popular Sportswear Brand in the U.S., Followed by Lululemon and Adidas, Per Rakuten Study |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/nike-popular-sports-brand-us-rakuten-1235463268/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Brown |date=2023-07-28 |title=Shark Week's top advertisers—and more from iSpot, Kantar, Amazon, Nike: Datacenter Weekly |url=https://adage.com/article/datacenter/shark-weeks-top-advertisers-and-more-ispot-kantar-amazon-nike-datacenter-weekly/2507236 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Ad Age |language=en}}</ref>
===Boxing===
* {{Flagicon|PHI}} [[Manny Pacquiao]]


In July 2023, a study by [[Kantar Group|Kantar]] found that Americans consider Nike as the Most Inclusive Brands (alongside other top brands like [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], and [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantar launches the Brand Inclusion Index and finds Americans consider Nike, Amazon, and Disney as the Most Inclusive Brands |url=https://www.kantar.com/north-america/company-news/kantar-launches-the-brand-inclusion-index |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.kantar.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Mixed Martial Arts===
* {{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Junior Dos Santos]]
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Jon Jones (fighter)|Jon Jones]]
* {{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Anderson Silva]]

===Colleges===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Air Force Falcons]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Alabama Crimson Tide]] <ref>[http://collegefootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2010/05/15/tide-now-has-most-lucrative-nike-deal/ "Tide now has most lucrative Nike deal in college sports"] on [[NBC Sports]], 15 May 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.cbssports.com/general/story/13391582/alabama-extends-deal-with-nike-through-2018 "Alabama extends deal with Nike through 2018"] on [[CBS Sports]], 14 May 2010</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Albany Great Danes]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Appalachian State Mountaineers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Arizona State Sun Devils]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Arizona Wildcats]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Arkansas Razorbacks]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Army Black Knights]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Baylor Bears football]] <ref>[http://www.ourdailybears.com/baylor-bears-football/2013/1/3/3832188/baylor-football-upgraded-to-nike-tier-1-for-2013-uniforms "Baylor Football upgraded to Nike Tier 1 for 2013", by Mark Moore on SBNation, 3 Jan 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Boise State Broncos]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Buffalo Bulls]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Butler Bulldogs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[BYU Cougars]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[California Golden Bears]] <ref>[http://nikeinc.com/news/cal-athletics-unveils-updated-brand-identity-for-golden-bears#/inline/19073 "Cal Athletics unveils updated brand identity", 10 April 2013]</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cal Poly Mustangs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Citadel Bulldogs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Clemson Tigers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Colorado Buffaloes]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cornell Big Red]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Davidson Wildcats]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Duke Blue Devils]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[East Carolina Pirates]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Florida Gators]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Florida State Seminoles]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fresno State Bulldogs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Georgia Bulldogs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Georgia Southern Eagles]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston Cougars]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Idaho Vandals]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Illinois Fighting Illini]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Navy Midshipmen]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[San Francisco Dons]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Illinois State Redbirds]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Iowa Hawkeyes]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Iowa State Cyclones]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[James Madison Dukes]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Kent State Golden Flashes]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Kentucky Wildcats]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Louisiana Tech Bulldogs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[LSU Tigers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Marshall Thundering Herd]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Memphis Tigers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami Hurricanes]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michigan State Spartans]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Minnesota Golden Gophers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Missouri Tigers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Montana Grizzlies]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Navy Midshipmen]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Nevada Wolf Pack]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[North Carolina Tar Heels]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ohio State Buckeyes]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Oklahoma Sooners]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Oklahoma State Cowboys]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Old Dominion Monarchs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Ole Miss Rebels]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Oregon Ducks]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Oregon State Beavers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Penn State Nittany Lions]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Pitt Panthers]]
{{col-3}}
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Portland State Vikings]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Purdue Boilermakers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Redlands Bulldogs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Rutgers Scarlet Knights]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[San Diego State Aztecs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[San Diego Toreros]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[SMU Mustangs]] <ref>[http://collegesportsblog.dallasnews.com/2012/01/smu-signs-5-year-deal-with-nike-for-scho.html/ "SMU signs 5-year deal with Nike for school’s sports apparel, equipment", DallasNews.com, 24 January 2012]</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Southern Miss Golden Eagles]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Stanford Cardinal]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Syracuse Orange]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[TCU Horned Frogs]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Texas Longhorns]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tulsa Golden Hurricane]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[UAB Blazers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[UCF Knights]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[UConn Huskies]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[UNLV Rebels]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[USC Trojans]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[UTEP Miners]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Vanderbilt Commodores]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Villanova Wildcats]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Virginia Cavaliers]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Virginia Tech Hokies]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Wake Forest Demon Deacons]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington Huskies]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington State Cougars]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[West Virginia Mountaineers]]
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}

==Causes==
In 2012, Nike is listed as a partner of the (RED) campaign, together with other brands such as Girl, American Express and Converse. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of the HIV virus from mother to child by 2015 (the campaign's byline is "Fighting For An AIDS Free Generation").<ref>{{cite web|title=(RED) Partners|url=http://www.joinred.com/aboutred/red-partners/|work=(RED)|publisher=(RED), a division of The ONE Campaign|accessdate=13 October 2012|year=2012}}</ref>


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[Bruce Brenn]]
{{Portal|Companies|Oregon|United States}}
* [[Dick Donahue]]
* [[Nike timeline]]
* [[Breaking2]] – A project by Nike to break the 2 hour marathon barrier.
* [[List of companies based in Oregon]]
* [[List of companies based in Oregon]]
*[[List of companies of the United States]]
{{Portal bar|Companies|Oregon|United States}}

*[[List of swimwear brands]]
==Notes==
{{-}}
{{reflist|group=note}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* [http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/13/magazine/the-swoon-of-the-swoosh.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm "The Swoon of the Swoosh" by Timothy Egan] at ''[[The New York Times]]'' Magazine, September 13, 1998
* {{cite news |last1=Egan |first1=Timothy |title=The Swoon of the Swoosh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/13/magazine/the-swoon-of-the-swoosh.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 September 1998 }}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.Nike.com}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
*[http://www.nikeinc.com/ Nikeinc.com – Business Site]
| name = Nike, Inc.
*[http://www.leg.state.or.us/05reg/measures/sb0800.dir/sb0887.en.html Oregon Senate Bill 887], as signed by Governor [[Ted Kulongoski]]
| symbol = NKE
*[http://www.nyse.com/listed/nke.html Company summary], from the [[New York Stock Exchange]] website
| sec_cik = NKE
*[http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=nike Nike] at the [[Open Directory Project]]
| yahoo = NKE
{{Coord|45.5093|-122.8299|region:US_type:landmark|display=title}}
| google = NKE
}}

{{Nike}}
{{Nike}}
{{Sports equipment brands}}
{{Running Shoe Brands}}
{{Competitive swimwear}}
{{Dow Jones Industrial Average companies}}
{{ORCompanies}}
{{ORCompanies}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|45.5093|-122.8299|region:US_type:landmark|display=title}}
[[Category:Nike, Inc.| ]]
[[Category:Nike, Inc.| ]]
[[Category:Nike brands|*]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:1970s fashion]]
[[Category:1980s fashion]]
[[Category:1990s fashion]]
[[Category:2000s fashion]]
[[Category:2010s fashion]]
[[Category:2020s fashion]]
[[Category:Athletic shoe brands]]
[[Category:Athletic shoe brands]]
[[Category:Clothing companies of the United States]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Clothing companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Companies based in Beaverton, Oregon]]
[[Category:Companies based in Beaverton, Oregon]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
[[Category:Nike brands|*]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:Shoe brands]]
[[Category:Shoe companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Shoe companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:Sportswear brands]]
[[Category:Sportswear brands]]
[[Category:Swimwear manufacturers]]
[[Category:Swimwear manufacturers]]
[[Category:Publicly traded companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Watch manufacturing companies of the United States]]
[[Category:1980s fashion]]
[[Category:1980s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:1990s fashion]]
[[Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations]]
[[Category:2000s fashion]]
[[Category:2010s fashion]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Oregon]]

Latest revision as of 16:21, 20 December 2024

Nike, Inc.
FormerlyBlue Ribbon Sports, Inc. (1964–1971)
Company typePublic
ISINUS6541061031
Industry
FoundedJanuary 25, 1964; 60 years ago (1964-01-25)
Founders
HeadquartersNike World Headquarters
Unincorporated Washington County near Beaverton, Oregon, U.S. (Beaverton postal address)
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
[2]
Products
RevenueIncrease US$51.36 billion (2024)
Increase US$6.472 billion (2024)
Increase US$5.700 billion (2024)
Total assetsIncrease US$38.11 billion (2024)
Total equityIncrease US$14.43 billion (2024)
Number of employees
79,400 (2024)
SubsidiariesConverse
Websitenike.com
Footnotes / references
[3]

Nike, Inc.[note 1] (stylized as NIKE) is an American athletic footwear and apparel corporation headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, United States.[6] It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$46 billion in its fiscal year 2022.[7][8]

The company was founded on January 25, 1964, as "Blue Ribbon Sports", by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, and officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1971. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory.[9] Nike markets its products under its own brand, as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Nike Blazers, Air Force 1, Nike Dunk, Air Max, Foamposite, Nike Skateboarding and Nike CR7.[10] The company also sells products under its Air Jordan brand and its Converse subsidiary. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey from 1995 to 2008, and previously owned Cole Haan, Umbro, and Hurley International.[11] In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "Just Do It" and the Swoosh logo.

As of 2024, it employed 83,700 people worldwide.[12] In 2020, the brand alone was valued in excess of $32 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses.[13] Previously, in 2017, the Nike brand was valued at $29.6 billion.[14] Nike ranked 89th in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.[15] The company ranked 239th in the Forbes Global 2000 companies in 2024.

History

Bill Bowerman (left) conversing with Phil Knight (second from left) and two other members of the Oregon track team, 1958

Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS), was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach, Bill Bowerman, on January 25, 1964.[16] The company initially operated in Eugene, Oregon as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, making most sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile.[16]

According to Otis Davis, a University of Oregon student-athlete coached by Bowerman and Olympic gold medalist at the 1960 Summer Olympics, his coach made the first pair of Nike shoes for him, contradicting a claim that they were made for Phil Knight. According to Davis, "I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I don't care what all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me. People don't believe me. In fact, I didn't like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight. But I saw Bowerman made them from the waffle iron, and they were mine".[17]

In its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000.[18] By 1965, sales had reached $20,000. In 1966, BRS opened its first retail store at 3107 Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley, Massachusetts.[19]

In 1971, Bowerman used his wife's waffle iron to experiment on rubber to create a new sole for track shoes that would grip but be lightweight and increase the runner's speed. Oregon's Hayward Field was transitioning to an artificial surface, and Bowerman wanted a sole which could grip to grass or bark dust without the use of spikes. Bowerman was talking to his wife about this puzzle over breakfast, when the waffle iron idea came into play.[20]

Bowerman's design led to the introduction of the "Moon Shoe" in 1972, so named because the waffle tread was said to resemble the footprints left by astronauts on the Moon. Further refinement resulted in the "Waffle Trainer" in 1974, which helped fuel the explosive growth of Blue Ribbon Sports/Nike.[21][22]

Tension between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger increased in 1971 as the latter attempted a takeover of BRS by extending an ultimatum proposal that would give the Japanese company 51 percent of BRS.[23] In 1972, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger came to an end.[23] BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear. The previous year, it was already able to place from two Japanese shoe manufacturers the company's first independent order for 20,000, which included 6,000 that had the Nike logo.[23] Runner Jeff Johnson was brought in to help market the new brand and was credited for coining the name “Nike”.[24] It would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson.[25][26] The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971,[27] and was registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974.[28][29]

In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, as its first advertising agency.[30] The following year, the agency created the first "brand ad" for Nike, called "There is no finish line", in which no Nike product was shown.[30] By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U.S. athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year.[31]

Wieden+Kennedy, Nike's primary ad agency, has worked with Nike to create many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nike's primary ad agency.[32] It was agency co-founder Dan Wieden who coined the now-famous slogan "Just Do It" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign,[33] which was chosen by Advertising Age as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century and enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution.[34] Walt Stack was featured in Nike's first "Just Do It" advertisement, which debuted on July 1, 1988.[35] Wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to "Let's do it", the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed.[36]

Nike manufactured its first uniforms for a professional sports team in 1979 when its jersey for the Portland Timbers of the North American Soccer League debuted.[37] Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to encompass many sports and regions throughout the world.[38] In 1990, Nike moved into its eight-building World Headquarters campus in Beaverton, Oregon.[39] The first Nike retail store, dubbed Niketown, opened in downtown Portland in November of that year.[40]

Phil Knight announced in mid-2015 that he would step down as chairman of Nike in 2016.[41][42] He officially stepped down from all duties with the company on June 30, 2016.[43]

In a company public announcement on March 15, 2018, Nike CEO Mark Parker said Trevor Edwards, a top Nike executive who was seen as a potential successor to the chief executive, was relinquishing his position as Nike's brand president and would retire in August.[44]

In October 2019, John Donahoe was announced as the next CEO, and succeeded Parker on January 13, 2020.[45] In November 2019, the company stopped selling directly through Amazon, focusing more on direct relationships with customers.[46]

Acquisitions

A Nike flagship store in Manhattan

Nike has acquired and sold several apparel and footwear companies over the course of its history. Its first acquisition was the upscale footwear company Cole Haan in 1988,[47] followed by the purchase of Bauer Hockey in 1994.[48] In 2002, Nike bought surf apparel company Hurley International from founder Bob Hurley.[49] In 2003, Nike paid US$309 million to acquire sneaker company Converse.[50] The company acquired Starter in 2004[51] and soccer uniform maker Umbro in 2007.[52]

In order to refocus its business lines, Nike began divesting itself of some of its subsidiaries in the 2000s.[53] It sold Starter in 2007[51] and Bauer Hockey in 2008.[48] The company sold Umbro in 2012[54] and Cole Haan in 2013.[55] As of 2020, Nike owns only one subsidiary: Converse Inc.[citation needed]

Nike acquired Zodiac, a consumer data analytics company, in March 2018.[56] In August 2019, the company acquired Celect, a Boston-based predictive analytics company.[57] In December 2021, Nike purchased RTFKT Studios, a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs.[58]

In February 2021, Nike acquired Datalogue, a New York-based company focused on digital sales and machine learning technology.[59]

Finance

Nike Sales by region (2023)[60]
Region share
North America 42.2%
Europe, Middle East and Africa 26.2%
Greater China 14.2%
Asia Pacific & Latin America 12.6%
Global 4.9%
Corporate 0.1%

Nike was made a member of the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 2013, when it replaced Alcoa.[61]

On December 19, 2013, Nike's quarterly profit rose due to a 13 percent increase in global orders for merchandise since April of that year.[62] Future orders of shoes or clothes for delivery between December and April, rose to $10.4 billion. Nike shares (NKE) rose 0.6 percent to $78.75 in extended trading.[63]

In November 2015, Nike announced it would initiate a $12 billion share buyback, as well as a two-for-one stock split, with shares to begin trading at the decreased price on December 24.[64] The split will be the seventh in company history.[citation needed]

In June 2018, Nike announced it would initiate a $15 billion share buyback over four years, to begin in 2019 upon completion of the previous buyback program.[65]

For the fiscal year 2018, Nike reported earnings of US$1.933 billion, with annual revenue of US$36.397 billion, an increase of 6.0% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nike's shares traded at over $72 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$114.5 billion in October 2018.[66]

Sales by product (2023)[60]
Product share
Footwear 64.7%
Apparel 27.0%
Converse 4.7%
Equipment 3.4%
Global Brand 0.1%
Corporate 0.1%

In February 2020, the company said that roughly 75% of Nike stores in Greater China had closed due to the COVID-19 outbreak. In March 2020, Nike reported a 5% drop in Chinese sales associated with stores' closure.[67] It was the first decrease in six years. At the same time, the company's online sales grew by 36% during Q1 of 2020. Also, the sales of personal training apps grew by 80% in China.[68]

Year Revenue
in mil. USD
Net income
in mil. USD
Total assets
in mil. USD
Price per share
in USD
Employees
2005 13,740 1,212 8,794 8.75 26,000
2006 14,955 1,392 9,870 9.01 28,000
2007 16,326 1,492 10,688 12.14 30,200
2008 18,627 1,883 12,443 13.05 32,500
2009 19,176 1,487 13,250 12.14 34,300
2010 19,014 1,907 14,419 16.80 34,400
2011 20,117 2,133 14,998 19.82 38,000
2012 23,331 2,211 15,465 23.39 44,000
2013 25,313 2,472 17,545 30.50 48,000
2014 27,799 2,693 18,594 38.56 56,500
2015 30,601 3,273 21,597 53.18 62,600
2016 32,376 3,760 21,379 54.80 70,700
2017 34,350 4,240 23,259 54.99 74,400
2018 36,397 1,933 22,536 72.63 73,100
2019 39,117 4,029 23,717 86.73 76,700
2020 37,403 2,539 31,342 106.46 75,400
2021 44,538 5,727 37,740 141.47 73,300
2022 46,710 6,046 40,321 166.67 79,100
2023 51,217 5,070 37,531 83,700

Logo evolution

Notes
  1. ^ This logo is still used on some throwback apparel.
  2. ^ This logo is still used as a secondary logo, notably on casual wear apparel.

Products

Sports apparel

Mercurial astro turf shoes
Nike astro turf shoes

Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment and apparel. Their first products were track running shoes. Nike Air Max is a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc. in 1987. Additional product lines were introduced later, such as Air Huarache, which debuted in 1992. The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6.0, Nike NYX, and Nike SB shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors'.[69] In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high-performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind.

Nike's range of products include shoes, jerseys, shorts, cleats, baselayers, etc. for sports activities such as soccer,[70] basketball, track and field, combat sports, tennis, American football, athletics, golf, ice hockey, and cross training for men, women, and children. Nike also sells shoes for activities such as skateboarding, baseball, cycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, lacrosse, cricket, aquatic activities, auto racing, and other athletic and recreational uses. Nike partnered with Apple Inc. to produce the Nike+ product that monitors a runner's performance via a radio device in the shoe that links to the iPod nano. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users' RFID devices from 60 feet (18 m) away using small, concealable intelligence motes in a wireless sensor network.[71][72]

In 2004, Nike launched the SPARQ Training Program/Division.[73] Some of Nike's newest shoes contain Flywire and Lunarlite Foam to reduce weight.[74] The Air Zoom Vomero running shoe, introduced in 2006 and currently in its 11th generation, featured a combination of groundbreaking innovations including a full-length air cushioned sole,[75] an external heel counter, a crashpad in the heel for shock absorption, and Fit Frame technology for a stable fit.[76]

In 2023, Nike told ESPN that it would cease using kangaroo skins in its products by the end of that year and debut "a new Nike-only, proprietary synthetic upper, [with] a new material that is a better performance solution and replaces the use of kangaroo leather."[77]

Nike Vaporfly

Nike Vaporfly cut in half to show the different layers that make up the base of the shoe. The dark grey line shows the carbon fiber plate.

The Nike Vaporfly first came out in 2017 and their popularity, along with its performance, prompted a new series of running shoes.[78][79] The Vaporfly series has a new technological composition that has revolutionized long-distance running since studies have shown that these shoes can improve marathon race time up to 4.2%.[79] The composition of the sole contains a foamy material, Pebax, that Nike has altered and now calls it ZoomX (which can be found in other Nike products as well). Pebax foam can also be found in airplane insulation and is "squishier, bouncier, and lighter" than foams in typical running shoes.[79] In the middle of the ZoomX foam there is a full-length carbon fiber plate "designed to generate extra spring in every step".[79] At the time of this writing Nike had just released its newest product from the Vaporfly line, the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly NEXT%, which was marketed as "the fastest shoe we’ve ever made" using Nike's "two most innovative technologies, Nike ZoomX foam and VaporWeave material".[80]

Street fashions

Nike Elite no-show socks with cushioned sole
Hypervenom sports shoes
Nike Victori One Men's Slides On Rain

The Nike brand, with its distinctive "Swoosh" logo, quickly became regarded as a status symbol[81] in modern urban fashion and hip-hop fashion[82] due to its association with success in sport.[83] Beginning in the 1980s, various items of Nike clothing became staples of mainstream American youth fashion, especially tracksuits, shell suits, baseball caps, Air Jordans, Air Force 1's, and Air Max running shoes[84] with thick, air cushioned rubber soles and contrasting blue, yellow, green, white, or red trim.[85] Limited edition sneakers and prototypes with a regional early release were known as Quickstrikes,[86] and became highly desirable items[87] for teenage members of the sneakerhead subculture.[88]

By the 1990s and 2000s, American and European teenagers[89] associated with the preppy[90] or popular clique[91] began combining these sneakers,[92] leggings, sweatpants, crop tops,[93] and tracksuits with regular casual chic[94] street clothes[95] such as jeans, skirts, leg warmers, slouch socks, and bomber jackets. Particularly popular[96] were the unisex spandex Nike Tempo compression shorts[97] worn for cycling and running,[98] which had a mesh lining, waterproofing, and, later in the 2000s, a zip pocket for a Walkman or MP3 player.[99]

From the late 2000s into the 2010s, Nike Elite basketball socks began to be worn as everyday clothes by hip-hop fans and young children.[100] Originally plain white or black, these socks had special shock absorbing cushioning in the sole[101] plus a moisture wicking upper weave.[102] Later, Nike Elite socks became available in bright colors inspired by throwback basketball uniforms,[103] often with contrasting bold abstract designs, images of celebrities,[104] and freehand digital print[105] to capitalise upon the emerging nostalgia for 1990s fashion.

In 2015, a new self-lacing shoe was introduced. Called the Nike Mag, which are replicas of the shoes featured in Back to the Future Part II, it had a preliminary limited release, only available by auction with all proceeds going to the Michael J. Fox Foundation.[106] This was done again in 2016.[107]

Nike have introduced a premium line, focused more on streetwear than sports wear called NikeLab.[108][109]

In March 2017, Nike announced its launch of a plus-size clothing line,[110] which will feature new sizes 1X through 3X on more than 200 products.[111] Another significant development at this time was the Chuck Taylor All-Star Modern, an update of the classic basketball sneaker that incorporated the circular knit upper and cushioned foam sole of Nike's Air Jordans.[112]

Collectibles

On July 23, 2019, a pair of Nike Inc. running shoes sold for $437,500 at a Sotheby's auction. The so-called "Moon Shoes"[113] were designed by Nike co-founder and track coach Bill Bowerman for runners participating in the 1972 Olympics trials. The buyer was Miles Nadal, a Canadian investor and car collector, who had just paid $850,000 for a group of 99 rare of limited collection pairs of sport shoes. The purchase price was the highest for one pair of sneakers, the previous record being $190,373 in 2017 for a pair of signed Converse shoes in California, said to have been worn by Michael Jordan during the 1984 basketball final of the Olympics that year.[114]

Virtual

After acquiring RTFKT, Nike launched the Dunk Genesis Cryptokicks collection, which features over 20,000 NFTs.[115] One design by Takashi Murakami was sold for $134,000 in April 2022.[116]

Headquarters

Nike World Headquarters near Beaverton, Oregon

Nike's world headquarters are surrounded by the city of Beaverton but are within unincorporated Washington County. The city attempted to forcibly annex Nike's headquarters, which led to a lawsuit by Nike, and lobbying by the company that ultimately ended in Oregon Senate Bill 887 of 2005. Under that bill's terms, Beaverton is specifically barred from forcibly annexing the land that Nike and Columbia Sportswear occupy in Washington County for 35 years, while Electro Scientific Industries and Tektronix receive the same protection for 30 years.[117]

Nike is planning to build a 3.2 million square foot expansion to its World Headquarters in Beaverton.[118] The design will target LEED Platinum certification and will be highlighted by natural daylight, and a gray water treatment center.[118]

Ownership

Nike is mainly owned by institutional investors, who hold around 68% of all shares. The 10 largest shareholders of Nike in early 2024 were:[119]

Controversies

Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States.[120] Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India,[121] Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Malaysia.[122] Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like CorpWatch, Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report.

Sweatshops

In the 1990s, Nike received criticism for its use of sweatshops.[123][124] Beginning in 1990, many protests occurred in big cities such as Los Angeles,[125] Washington, DC and Boston in order to show public outcry for Nike's use of child labor and sweatshops. Nike has been criticized for contracting with factories (known as Nike sweatshops) in countries such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Mexico. Vietnam Labor Watch, an activist group, has documented that factories contracted by Nike have violated minimum wage and overtime laws in Vietnam as late as 1996, although Nike claims that this practice has been stopped.[126]

As of July 2011, Nike stated that two-thirds of its factories producing Converse products still do not meet the company's standards for worker treatment. A July 2011 Associated Press article stated that employees at the company's plants in Indonesia reported constant abuse from supervisors.[127]

Child labor

During the 1990s, Nike faced criticism for the use of child labor in Cambodia and Pakistan in factories it contracted to manufacture soccer balls. Although Nike took action to curb or at least reduce the practice, they continue to contract their production to companies that operate in areas where inadequate regulation and monitoring make it hard to ensure that child labor is not being used.[128]

In 2001, a BBC documentary uncovered occurrences of child labor and poor working conditions in a Cambodian factory used by Nike.[129] The documentary focused on six girls, who all worked seven days a week, often 16 hours a day.

Strike in China factory

In April 2014, one of the biggest strikes in mainland China took place at the Yue Yuen Industrial Holdings Dongguan shoe factory, producing amongst others for Nike. Yue Yuen did underpay an employee by 250 yuan (40.82 US Dollars) per month. The average salary at Yue Yuen is 3000 yuan per month. The factory employs 70,000 people. This practice was in place for nearly 20 years.[130][131][132]

Paradise Papers

Nike office in North America

On November 5, 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that Nike is among the corporations that used offshore companies to avoid taxes.[133][134][135]

Appleby documents detail how Nike boosted its after-tax profits by, among other maneuvers, transferring ownership of its Swoosh trademark to a Bermudan subsidiary, Nike International Ltd. This transfer allowed the subsidiary to charge royalties to its European headquarters in Hilversum, Netherlands, effectively converting taxable company profits to an account payable in tax-free Bermuda.[136] Although the subsidiary was effectively run by executives at Nike's main offices in Beaverton, Oregon—to the point where a duplicate of the Bermudan company's seal was needed—for tax purposes the subsidiary was treated as Bermuda. Its profits were not declared in Europe and came to light only because of a mostly unrelated case in US Tax Court, where papers filed by Nike briefly mention royalties in 2010, 2011 and 2012 totaling $3.86 billion.[136] Under an arrangement with Dutch authorities, the tax break was to expire in 2014, so another reorganization transferred the intellectual property from the Bermudan company to a Dutch commanditaire vennootschap or limited partnership, Nike Innovate CV. Dutch law treats income earned by a CV as if it had been earned by the principals, who owe no tax in the Netherlands if they do not reside there.[136]

Colin Kaepernick

In September 2018, Nike announced it had signed former American football quarterback Colin Kaepernick, noted for his controversial decision to kneel during the playing of the US national anthem, to a long-term advertising campaign.[137] According to Charles Robinson of Yahoo! Sports, Kaepernick and Nike agreed to a new contract despite the fact Kaepernick has been with the company since 2011 and said that "interest from other shoe companies" played a part in the new agreement. Robinson said the contract is a "wide endorsement" where Kaepernick will have his own branded line including shoes, shirts, jerseys and more. [138] In response, some people set fire to their own Nike-branded clothes and shoes or cut the Nike swoosh logo out of their clothes, and the Fraternal Order of Police called the advertisement an "insult";[139][140][141] others, such as LeBron James,[142] Serena Williams,[143] and the National Black Police Association,[141] praised Nike for its campaign. The College of the Ozarks removed Nike from all their athletic uniforms in response.[144]

During the following week, Nike's stock price fell 2.2%, even as online orders of Nike products rose 27% compared with the previous year.[145] In the following three months, Nike reported a rise in sales.[146]

In July 2019, Nike released a shoe featuring a Betsy Ross flag called the Air Max 1 Quick Strike Fourth of July trainers. The trainers were designed to celebrate Independence Day. The model was subsequently withdrawn after Colin Kaepernick told the brand he and others found the flag offensive because of its association with slavery.[147][148]

Nike's decision to withdraw the product drew criticism from Arizona's Republican Governor, Doug Ducey, and Texas's Republican Senator Ted Cruz.[149] Nike's decision was praised by others due to the use of the flag by white nationalists,[148] but the Anti-Defamation League's Center on Extremism has declined to add the flag to its database of "hate symbols."[150]

Hong Kong protests

Nike Kicks Lounge in Harbour City, Hong Kong

U.S. Vice President Mike Pence criticized Nike for "siding with the Chinese Communist Party and silencing free speech". He claimed that after Houston Rockets general manager Daryl Morey was criticized by the Chinese government for his tweet supporting the 2019 Hong Kong protests, Nike removed Rockets merchandise from its stores in China.[151]

On January 31, 2020, the World Athletics issued new guidelines concerning shoes to be used in the upcoming Tokyo 2020 Olympics.[152] These updates came in response to criticisms concerning technology in the Nike Vaporfly running shoes, which had been submitted beginning around 2017–2018.[153] These criticisms stated that the shoes provided athletes with an unfair advantage over their opponents and some critics considered it to be a form of technology doping.[79][154] According to Nike funded research, the shoes can improve efficiency by up to 4.2%[79] and runners who have tested the shoe are saying that it causes reduced soreness in the legs; sports technologist Bryce Dyer attributes this to the ZoomX and carbon fiber plate since it absorbs the energy and "spring[s] runners forward".[154] Some athletes, scientists, and fans have compared this to the 2008 LAZR swimsuit controversy.[155]

Some of the major changes in the guidelines that have come about as a result of these criticisms include that the "sole must be no thicker than 40mm" and that "the shoe must not contain more than one rigid embedded plate or blade (of any material) that runs either the full length or only part of the length of the shoe. The plate may be in more than one part but those parts must be located sequentially in one plane (not stacked or in parallel) and must not overlap". The components of the shoes are not the only thing that had major changes; starting April 30, 2020, "any shoe must have been available for purchase by any athlete on the open retail market (online or in store) for a period of four months before it can be used in competition".[152] Prior to these new guidelines World Athletics reviewed the Vaporfly shoes and "concluded that there is independent research that indicates that the new technology incorporated in the soles of road and spiked shoes may provide a performance advantage" and that it recommends further research to "establish the true impact of [the Vaporfly] technology."[152]

Forced Uyghur labor allegations

In December 2021, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights filed a criminal complaint in a Dutch court against Nike and other brands, alleging that they benefited from the use of forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.[156] In July 2023, the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise opened an investigation into Nike to probe allegations of forced Uyghur labor in its supply chain.[157] Research of the social democratic party in the European Parliament, the Sheffield Hallam University and further groups accused Nike in 2023 of using forced labor camps exploiting Muslim Uyghurs in China provided by the Anhui Huamao Group Co., Ltd. for production.[158]

Environmental record

In 2007, New England–based environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet ranked Nike among the top three companies (out of 56) in a survey of climate-friendly companies.[159]

Recycling

Nike has also been praised for its Nike Grind program, which closes the product lifecycle, by groups such as Climate Counts.[160]

Since 1993, Nike has worked on its Reuse-A-Shoe program.[161] This program is Nike's longest-running program that benefits both the environment and the community by collecting old athletic shoes of any type in order to process and recycle them. The material that is produced is then used to help create sports surfaces such as basketball courts, running tracks, and playgrounds.[161] Nike France made their Reuse-A-Shoe program available online so that they could make it easier for consumers to send in their old shoes.[162] In 2017, it was estimated that 28,000,000 shoes were collected since its start in 1993. Nike limited the mail-in option of the program because they are aware that the emissions from shipping would offset the good, they are trying to do. They work with the National Recycling Coalition to help limit transportation of recycled shoes. During transportation most of the vehicles that are used are using diesel or fuel oil.[163] Diesel oil emits 22.44 pounds of Carbon Dioxide per gallon.[164]

A campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured basketball star Steve Nash wearing Nike's Trash Talk Shoe, which had been constructed in February 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste from factory floors. The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. Nike claims this is the first performance basketball shoe that has been created from manufacturing waste, but it only produced 5,000 pairs for sale.[165]

Sulfur hexafluoride

Sulfur hexafluoride is an extremely potent and persistent greenhouse gas that was used to fill the cushion bags in all "Air"-branded shoes from 1992 to 2006.[166] 277 tons was used during the peak in 1997.[167]

Toxic chemicals

In 2008, a project through the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found workers were exposed to toxic isocyanates and other chemicals in footwear factories in Thailand. In addition to inhalation, dermal exposure was the biggest problem found. This could result in allergic reactions including asthmatic reactions.[168][169]

Water pollution

In July 2011, environmental group Greenpeace published a report regarding water pollution impacting the Yangtze River emitted from a major textile factory operated by Nike supplier Youngor Group.[170] Following the report, Nike, as well as Adidas, Puma, and a number of other brands included in the report announced an agreement to stop discharging hazardous chemicals by 2020.[171] However, in July 2016 Greenpeace released a follow-up report which found that Nike "does not take individual responsibility" for eliminating hazardous chemicals, stating that Nike had not made an explicit commitment to riding itself of perfluorinated compounds, and that "Nike does not ensure its suppliers report their hazardous chemical discharge data and has not made a commitment to do so".[172]

Back in 2016, Nike started to use water free dyeing materials so that they can help reduce their water use in their Southeast Asian factories.[173]

Carbon footprint

Nike reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending June 30, 2020 at 317 Kt (+12/+4% y-o-y)[174] and plans to reduce emissions 65% by 2030 from a 2015 base year.[175] This science-based target is aligned with Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels.[176] According to a study done in 2017, Nike contributed 3,002,529 metric tons of Carbon Dioxide in 2017 combined from different sectors in the company like retail, manufacturing, management, and more.[163]

Nike's annual Total CO2e Emissions – Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)
Jun 2015 Jun 2016 Jun 2017 Jun 2018 Jun 2019 Jun 2020
286[177] 300[178] 327[179] 301[180] 305[181] 317[174]

While emissions of Nike's two corporate jets represent less than 0.1% of its total emissions, they have increased by 20% from 2015 to 2023.[182]

Partnership with Newlight

In 2021, Nike announced they were working with Newlight Technologies to find more eco-friendly materials for their sneakers. They specifically mentioned Newlight's AirCarbon product which is a bioplastic that can be used to make shoes. The bioplastic is used as a replacement to leather, plastic, and other materials that are like that.[183] Newlight was reported saying that the goal is to reduce Nike's carbon footprint.[184]

Sustainability

Nike has taken steps to reduce its environmental impact. It has worked to reduce carbon emissions nearly 3% across its value chain from its FY11 baseline,[185] and sourced from fewer, higher-performing contract factories.[185]

In 2019, Nike began a program called "Move to Zero" in an effort to achieve zero waste and zero carbon in the organization's supply chain and product lifetime.[186] The men's and women's sections of the collection contain at least 60% organic and recycled materials, including sustainably sourced cotton.[186]

Marketing strategy

Nike promotes its products through sponsorship agreements with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams. Nike has endorsement deals with many top sports players such as LeBron James, Kevin Durant, and Serena Williams. [187]

Advertising

Nike Store at the King of Prussia shopping mall in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania

In 1982, Nike aired its first three national television ads, created by newly formed ad agency Wieden+Kennedy (W+K), during the broadcast of the New York Marathon.[188] The Cannes Advertising Festival has named Nike its Advertiser of the Year in 1994 and 2003, making it the first company to receive that honor twice.[189]

Nike also has earned the Emmy Award for best commercial in 2000 and 2002. The first was for "The Morning After," a satirical look at what a runner might face on the morning of January 1, 2000, if every dire prediction about the Y2K problem came to fruition.[190] The second was for a 2002 spot called "Move," which featured a series of famous and everyday athletes in a variety of athletic pursuits.[191]

Beatles song

Nike was criticized for its use of the Beatles song "Revolution" in a 1987 commercial against the wishes of Apple Records, the Beatles' recording company. Nike paid US$250,000 to Capitol Records Inc., which held the North American licensing rights to the recordings, for the right to use the Beatles' rendition for a year.[192]

That same year, Apple Records sued Nike Inc., Capitol Records Inc., EMI Records Inc. and Wieden+Kennedy for $15 million.[192] Capitol-EMI countered by saying the lawsuit was "groundless" because Capitol had licensed the use of "Revolution" with the "active support and encouragement of Yoko Ono, a shareholder and director of Apple Records."

Nike discontinued airing ads featuring "Revolution" in March 1988. Yoko Ono later gave permission to Nike to use John Lennon's "Instant Karma" in another advertisement.

New media marketing

Nike was an early adopter of internet marketing, email management technologies, and using broadcast and narrowcast communication technologies to create multimedia marketing campaigns.

Minor Threat advertisement

In late June 2005, Nike received criticism from Ian MacKaye, owner of Dischord Records, guitarist/vocalist for Fugazi and The Evens, and front man of the defunct punk band Minor Threat, for appropriating imagery and text from Minor Threat's 1981 self-titled album's cover art in a flyer promoting Nike Skateboarding's 2005 East Coast demo tour.[193]

On June 27, Nike Skateboarding's website issued an apology to Dischord, Minor Threat, and fans of both and announced that they have tried to remove and dispose of all flyers. They stated that the people who designed it were skateboarders and Minor Threat fans themselves who created the advertisement out of respect and appreciation for the band.[194] The dispute was eventually settled out of court between Nike and Minor Threat.

Niketown at Oxford Circus, London

Nike 6.0

As part of the 6.0 campaign, Nike introduced a new line of T-shirts that include phrases such as "Dope", "Get High" and "Ride Pipe" – sports lingo that is also a double entendre for drug use. Boston Mayor Thomas Menino expressed his objection to the shirts after seeing them in a window display at the city's Niketown and asked the store to remove the display. "What we don't need is a major corporation like Nike, which tries to appeal to the younger generation, out there giving credence to the drug issue," Menino told The Boston Herald. A company official stated the shirts were meant to pay homage to extreme sports, and that Nike does not condone the illegal use of drugs.[195] Nike was forced to replace the shirt line.[196]

NBA uniform deal

In June 2015, Nike signed an 8-year deal with the NBA to become the official uniform supplier for the league, beginning with the 2017–18 season.[197] The brand took over for Adidas, who provided the uniforms for the league since 2006.[197] Unlike previous deals, Nike's logo appear on NBA jerseys – a first for the league.[197] Initially, the Charlotte Hornets, owned by longtime Nike endorser Michael Jordan, were the only team not to sport the Nike swoosh, instead wearing the Jumpman logo associated with Jordan-related merchandise.[198] However, beginning with the 2020–21 season, the Jumpman replaced the swoosh on the NBA's alternate "Statement" uniforms.[199]

Sponsorship

Michael Jordan (pictured in 1987) helped drive Nike sales.

Nike sponsors top athletes in many sports to use their products and promote and advertise their technology and design. Nike's first professional athlete endorser was Romanian tennis player Ilie Năstase.[26] The first track endorser was distance runner Steve Prefontaine. Prefontaine was the prized pupil of the company's co-founder, Bill Bowerman, while he coached at the University of Oregon. Today, the Steve Prefontaine Building is named in his honor at Nike's corporate headquarters. Nike has only made one statue of its sponsored athletes and it is of Steve Prefontaine.[200]

Nike has also sponsored many other successful track and field athletes over the years, such as Sebastian Coe, Carl Lewis, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Michael Johnson and Allyson Felix. The signing of basketball player Michael Jordan in 1984, with his subsequent promotion of Nike over the course of his career, with Spike Lee as Mars Blackmon, proved to be one of the biggest boosts to Nike's publicity and sales.[201]

Ronaldinho (pictured with Barcelona in 2007) appeared in a 2005 Nike advertisement that went viral on YouTube, becoming the site's first video to reach one million views.[202][203]

Nike is a major sponsor of the athletic programs at Penn State University and named its first child care facility after Joe Paterno when it opened in 1990 at the company's headquarters. Nike originally announced it would not remove Paterno's name from the building in the wake of the Penn State sex abuse scandal. After the Freeh Report was released on July 12, 2012, Nike CEO Mark Parker announced the name Joe Paterno would be removed immediately from the child development center. A new name has yet to be announced.[204][205]

Nike Hypervenom 3 boots were commissioned for French prodigy Kylian Mbappé.

In the early 1990s, Nike made a strong push into the soccer business making endorsement deals with famous and charismatic players such as Romário, Eric Cantona or Edgar Davids. They continued the growth in the sport by signing more top players including: Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, Francesco Totti, Thierry Henry, Didier Drogba, Andrés Iniesta, Wayne Rooney and still have many of the sport's biggest stars under their name, with Cristiano Ronaldo, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Neymar, Harry Kane, Eden Hazard and Kylian Mbappé among others.[206] A Barcelona prodigy, Lionel Messi had been signed with Nike since age 14, but transferred to Adidas after they successfully challenged their rival's claim to his image rights in court.[207]

Nike has been the official ball supplier for the Premier League since the 2000–01 season.[208] In 2012, Nike carried a commercial partnership with the Asian Football Confederation.[209] In August 2014, Nike announced that they will not renew their kit supply deal with Manchester United after the 2014–15 season, citing rising costs.[210] Since the start of the 2015–16 season, Adidas has manufactured Manchester United's kit as part of a world-record 10-year deal worth a minimum of £750 million.[211]

Nike logo in the Camp Nou, the home stadium of Barcelona

Nike still has many of the top teams playing in their uniforms, including: FC Barcelona, Paris Saint-Germain and Liverpool (the latter from the 2020–21 season),[212] and the national teams of Brazil, France, England, Portugal and the Netherlands among many others.

Nike has been the sponsor for many top ranked tennis players. Brand's commercial success in the sport went hand in hand with the endorsement deals signed with the biggest and the world's most charismatic stars and number one ranked players of the subsequent eras, including John McEnroe in the 1980s, Andre Agassi and Pete Sampras in the 1990s and Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova with the start of the 21st century.[213]

Tiger Woods

Nike sponsored Tiger Woods until 2024,[214] and remained on his side amid the controversies that shaped the golfer's career.[215] In January 2013, Nike signed Rory McIlroy, the then No 1 golfer in the world to a 10-year sponsorship deal worth $250 million.[216] Nike has also gone on to sign top players in golf including Scottie Scheffler, Brooks Koepka, Nelly Korda, Tommy Fleetwood, Tony Finau and Cam Davis.

Nike was the official kit sponsor for the Indian cricket team from 2005 to 2020.[217][218] On February 21, 2013, Nike announced it suspended its contract with South African limbless athlete Oscar Pistorius, due to him being charged with premeditated murder.[219]

Nike consolidated its position in basketball in 2015 when it was announced that the company would sign an 8-year deal with the NBA, taking over from the league's previous uniform sponsor, Adidas. The deal required all franchise team members to wear jerseys and shorts with the Swoosh logo, beginning with the 2017/18 season.[220] After the success of partnership with Jordan, which resulted in the creation of the unique Air Jordan brand, Nike has continued to build partnership with the biggest names in basketball. LeBron James was given the Slogan "We are All Witnesses" when he signed with Nike. Similar to "Air Jordan", James' brand became massively popular.[221] Some have had signature shoes designed for them, including Kobe Bryant, Jason Kidd, Vince Carter and more recently, James and Kevin Durant, Giannis Antetokounmpo, Jayson Tatum, Paul George and Luka Dončić, among others.[222][223][224][225][226][227]

Nike recently made signature shoes for WNBA stars as well, as the leagues popularity takes off. Although a dozen women have received signature sneakers in the WNBA's 27-year history, it had been over a decade since a woman had received a signature sneaker. Nike's first signature shoe in the WNBA was with Sheryl Swoops, and since then they have made signature silhouettes for Lisa Leslie, Dawn Staley, Cynthia Cooper, and most recently for Sabrina Ionescu.[228] Caitlin Clark will also receive a signature shoe deal as part of her eight-year, 28 million dollar deal.[229]

A news report originating from CNN reported that Nike spent $11.5 billion, nearly a third of its sales, on marketing and endorsement contracts in the year 2018. Nike and its Jordan brand sponsored 85 men's and women's basketball teams in the NCAA tournament.[230]

Ties with the University of Oregon

Nike maintains strong ties, both directly and through partnerships with Phil Knight, with the University of Oregon.[231] Nike designs the University of Oregon football program's team attire.[232] New unique combinations are issued before every game day.[231] Tinker Hatfield, who also redesigned the university's logo, leads this effort.[233]

More recently, the corporation donated $13.5 million towards the renovation and expansion of Hayward Field.[234]

Phil Knight has invested substantial personal funds towards developing and maintaining the university's athletic apparatus.[235] His university projects often involve input from Nike designers and executives, such as Tinker Hatfield.[233]

Causes

In 2012, Nike is listed as a partner of the (PRODUCT)RED campaign together with other brands such as Girl, American Express, and Converse. The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child. The campaign's byline is "Fighting For An AIDS Free Generation". The company's goal is to raise and send funds, for education and medical assistance to those who live in areas heavily affected by AIDS.[236] In 2023, Nike became the presenting sponsor of Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities, which encourages youth in underserved communities to participate in baseball and softball.[237]

Program

The Nike Community Ambassador Program, allows Nike employees from around the world to go out and give to their community. Over 3,900 employees from various Nike stores have participated in teaching children to be active and healthy.[238]

Research

In 2016, a study done by RTG Consulting Group reflected that Nike was the 3rd most relevant brand for Gen-Z in China.[239][240]

Roth MKM's 2023 Millennial survey reported in March that millennials with health and wellness concerns in the aftermath of the pandemic ranked brands like Nike, Adidas and Lululemon[241] as their preferred brands for purchases.[241]

In January 2023, a study by Rakuten concluded that Nike was the most popular sportswear brand in the US, followed by Lululemon and Adidas.[242][243]

In July 2023, a study by Kantar found that Americans consider Nike as the Most Inclusive Brands (alongside other top brands like Amazon, and Disney).[244]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The pronunciations of "Nike" include /ˈnki/ NY-kee officially and in the US, as well as /nk/ NYKE in the UK.[4][5]

References

  1. ^ Pacheco, Inti (September 22, 2024). "Elliott Hill Loved Nike and Left It. Now He's Back as CEO". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  2. ^ Kish, Matthew (November 15, 2023). "Nike shuffles top executives, names new heads of innovation, design, marketing and technology". The Oregonian. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  3. ^ "US SEC: 2024 Form 10-K NIKE, Inc". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. July 25, 2024.
  4. ^ "Nike is pronounced Nikey, confirms guy who ought to know". The Independent. June 2, 2014. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  5. ^ "It's official: Nike rhymes with spiky – and you're saying all these wrong too". the Guardian. June 3, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  6. ^ "Contact Nike, Inc". Nike, Inc. Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  7. ^ "Nike annual revenue worldwide 2022". Statista. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
  8. ^ Sage, Alexandria (June 26, 2008). "Nike profit up but shares tumble on U.S. concerns". Reuters. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
  9. ^ Levinson, Philip. "How Nike almost ended up with a very different name". Business Insider. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  10. ^ "Nike CR7". Nike, Inc.
  11. ^ "Nike sells Bauer Hockey for $200 Million". The Sports Network. February 21, 2008. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  12. ^ "Nike (NKE)". Forbes. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  13. ^ "Most Valuable Apparel Brand? Nike Just Does It Again". Brand Finance. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  14. ^ "The World's Most Valuable Brands 2017: 16. Nike". Forbes. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  15. ^ "Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List". Fortune. Archived from the original on November 10, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
  16. ^ a b O'Reilly, Lara (November 4, 2014). "11 Things Hardly Anyone Knows About Nike". Business Insider. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  17. ^ Hague, Jim (May 14, 2006). "Truant officer was Olympic hero Emerson High has gold medalist in midst". The Hudson Reporter. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  18. ^ Adele Hast; Thomson Gale (1992). International directory of company histories. Vol. 5. Detroit, MI: St. James Press. p. 372. ISBN 978-1-55862-646-1. OCLC 769042318.
  19. ^ "History of NIKE, Inc". FundingUniverse.
  20. ^ Peterson, Hayley. "The bizarre inspiration behind Nike's first pair of running shoes". Business Insider. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  21. ^ Holt, Douglas; Cameron, Douglas (November 1, 2010). Cultural Strategy: Using Innovative Ideologies to Build Breakthrough Brands. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-0-19-958740-7. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  22. ^ Scheerder, Jeroen (2010). Vlaanderen loopt! Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de loopsportmarkt. Academia Press. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-90-382-1484-9. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  23. ^ a b c Gereffi, Gary; Korzeniewicz, Miguel (1993). Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 253. ISBN 0-275-94573-1.
  24. ^ Houze, Rebecca (2016). New Mythologies in Design and Culture: Reading Signs and Symbols in the Visual Landscape. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4725-1849-1.
  25. ^ "Logos that became legends: Icons from the world of advertising". The Independent. January 4, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
  26. ^ a b Meyer, Jack (August 14, 2019). "History of Nike: Timeline and Facts". TheStreet.com. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  27. ^ Hunt, Joshua (2018). University of Nike: How Corporate Cash Bought American Higher Education. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-61219-691-6.
  28. ^ Murphy, Cait (2016). A History of American Sports in 100 Objects. New York: Basic Books. p. 1973. ISBN 978-0-465-09775-3.
  29. ^ "Registration Number 72414177". TSDR. U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  30. ^ a b "Nike Inc". adage.com. September 15, 2003. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  31. ^ "Nike Inc". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  32. ^ Cole, C. L. (February 2002). "Therapeutic Publicity". Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 26 (1): 3–5. doi:10.1177/0193723502261001. ISSN 0193-7235. S2CID 220320153.
  33. ^ Bella, Timothy (September 4, 2018). "'Just Do It': The surprising and morbid origin story of Nike's slogan". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  34. ^ "Ad Age Advertising Century: Top 10 Slogans". adage.com. March 29, 1999. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  35. ^ "Nike's 'Just Do It' slogan celebrates 20 years". OregonLive.com. July 18, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  36. ^ Peters, Jeremy W. (August 20, 2009). "The Birth of 'Just Do It' and Other Magic Words". The New York Times.
  37. ^ Bachman, Rachel (April 13, 2011). "The Bachscore: Portland Timbers history and the original 'Nike' uniforms". The Oregonian. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  38. ^ "History of Nike". www.newitts.com. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  39. ^ Brettman, Allan (February 2, 2013). "As Nike looks to expand, it already has a 22-building empire". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 6, 2013. The first phase of the Nike World Headquarters campus opened in 1990 and included eight buildings. Now, there are 22 buildings.
  40. ^ Brettman, Allan (October 27, 2011). "NikeTown Portland to close forever [at its original location] on Friday". The Oregonian. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  41. ^ Wightman-Stone, Danielle (July 1, 2015). "Nike chairman Phil Knight to step down in 2016". FashionUnited. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  42. ^ Bain, Marc (June 30, 2015). "How Phil Knight turned the Nike brand into a global powerhouse". Quartz. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  43. ^ Vinton, Kate (June 30, 2016). "Nike Cofounder And Chairman Phil Knight Officially Retires From The Board". FashionUnited. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  44. ^ Hsu, Tiffany (March 16, 2018). "Nike Executive Resigns; C.E.O. Addresses Workplace Behavior Complaints". The New York Times.
  45. ^ Turner, Nick (October 22, 2019). "Nike Taps EBay Veteran John Donahoe to Succeed Parker as CEO". Bloomberg LP. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
  46. ^ Hanbury, Mary (November 13, 2019). "Nike confirms that it is no longer selling its products on Amazon". Business Insider. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
  47. ^ "COMPANY NEWS; Cole-Haan to Nike For $80 Million". The New York Times. April 26, 1988.
  48. ^ a b Austen, Ian (February 22, 2008). "Hockey Fan, and Investor, Buys Bauer From Nike". The New York Times.
  49. ^ Connelly, Laylan (January 22, 2013). "Bob Hurley: Success built on everyone's inner surfer". Orange County Register. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  50. ^ Partlow, Joshua (July 2003). "Nike Drafts An All Star". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  51. ^ a b "Nike unloads Starter for $60M". Portland Business Journal. November 15, 2007. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  52. ^ Townsend, Matt (October 24, 2012). "Iconix Brand Buys Nike's Umbro Soccer Unit for $225 Million". BloombergBusinessweek. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  53. ^ Dezember, Ryan (October 24, 2012). "After Umbro, Nike Turns to Cole Haan Sale". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
  54. ^ Stevens, Suzanne (December 3, 2012). "Nike completes Umbro sale to Iconix". Portland Business Journal. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  55. ^ "Nike completes Cole Haan sale". Portland Business Journal. February 4, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  56. ^ "Nike's purchase of analytics firm Zodiac highlights focus on customer lifetime value". ZDNet. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  57. ^ Thomas, Lauren (August 6, 2019). "Nike acquires A.I. platform Celect, hoping to better predict shopping behavior". CNBC. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  58. ^ Lawler, Richard (December 13, 2021). "Nike just bought a virtual shoe company that makes NFTs and sneakers 'for the metaverse'". The Verge. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  59. ^ Kish, Matthew (February 8, 2021). "Nike acquires Datalogue as part of continued digital shift". Portland Business Journal. Retrieved February 8, 2021.
  60. ^ a b "Nike, Inc.: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile | US6541061031 | MarketScreener". www.marketscreener.com. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  61. ^ Goldwyn Blumenthal, Robin. "Alcoa's CEO Is Remaking the Industrial Giant". Barron's. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
  62. ^ "Nike profit rises, futures orders up 13 percent". Reuters. December 19, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  63. ^ "Nike Fiscal 2nd-Quarter Profit Jumps 40 Percent". ABC News. December 19, 2013.
  64. ^ Scholer, Kristen (November 20, 2015). "What Nike's Two-For-One Stock Split Means for the Dow". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
  65. ^ "Nike surges after beating on earnings and announcing $15 billion in buybacks (NKE) | Markets Insider". markets.businessinsider.com. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  66. ^ "NIKE Revenue 2006–2018 | NKE". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  67. ^ Thomas, Lauren (March 24, 2020). "Nike sales beat analysts' estimates, but earnings fall, hurt by coronavirus pandemic". CNBC. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
  68. ^ Harper, Justin (March 25, 2020). "Nike turns to digital sales during China shutdown". BBC News. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  69. ^ "Nike launches cricket shoe Air Zoom Yorker". The Hindu Business Line. September 2, 2006. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  70. ^ "Nike Air Zoom Control II FS Futsal Shoes at Soccer Pro". Soccerpro.com. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  71. ^ T. Scott Saponas; Jonathan Lester; Carl Hartung; Tadayoshi Kohno. "Devices That Tell On You: The Nike+iPod Sport Kit" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 7, 2012.
  72. ^ Tom Espiner (December 13, 2006). "Nike+iPod raises RFID privacy concerns". CNet. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012.
  73. ^ "SPARQ – Nike Performance Summitt". SPECTRUM, Inc. June 4, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  74. ^ "Latest materials improve sportswear performance". ICIS Chemical Business. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  75. ^ "Newest Nike Zoom Running Shoes | SneakerNews.com". June 8, 2015.
  76. ^ Verry, Peter (March 2, 2016). "Nike Air Zoom Vomero 11 Drops Tomorrow".
  77. ^ Dan Hajducky,"Nike, Puma to stop using kangaroo leather in soccer boots, all products," ESPN, 13 March 2023.
  78. ^ "Factbox: Nike's Vaporfly running shoes and tumbling records". Reuters. January 24, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  79. ^ a b c d e f Bachman, Rachel; Safdar, Khadeeja (January 31, 2020). "Nike Vaporfly Shoes Won't Be Banned From Olympics". WSJ.
  80. ^ "Nike Vaporfly. Featuring the new Vaporfly NEXT%". Nike.com. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  81. ^ McKee, Alan (April 15, 2008). Beautiful things in popular culture. Wiley. p. 106. ISBN 9781405178556. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  82. ^ Goldman, Peter; Papson, Stephen (1998). Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh. SAGE. pp. 88, 102. ISBN 9780761961499. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  83. ^ Carbasho, Tracy (2010). Nike. ABC-CLIO. p. 17. ISBN 9781598843439. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  84. ^ "Nike's High-Stepping Air Force". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. August 1987. p. 33. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  85. ^ Media, Working Mother (August 1987). "Nike advert". Working Mother. p. 76. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  86. ^ "Five Easy Steps to Re-Selling Your Sneakers on the Internet". GQ. September 29, 2015.
  87. ^ "New Nike Air Max Plus Colorways Are on the Way". Highsnobiety. November 2, 2021.
  88. ^ "Sneaker Watch". Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  89. ^ Peterson, Hayley. "Here's How Teens Really Spend Money, What They Like, And Where They Shop". Business Insider.
  90. ^ Haig, Matt (July 12, 2005). Brand Failures: The Truth about the 100 Biggest Branding Mistakes of All Time. Kogan Page Publishers. ISBN 9780749444334 – via Google Books.
  91. ^ McWilliams, Tracy (March 1, 2012). Dress to Express: Seven Secrets to Overcoming Closet Trauma and Revealing Your Inner Beauty. New World Library. ISBN 9781608681495 – via Google Books.
  92. ^ "26 signs you're the absolute queen of basic bitches". hannahgale.co.uk. January 22, 2015. Archived from the original on January 24, 2015.
  93. ^ "7 Basic Fall Looks to Embrace Your Inner #Basic". Vogue. September 19, 2014.
  94. ^ "Nike could be J. Crew's toughest rival". Money Times. September 7, 2015.
  95. ^ "A comprehensive manual on becoming an EX4 basic betch". University of Exeter. October 21, 2015.
  96. ^ Adelson, Karen Iorio (September 20, 2017). "The On-Sale Running Shorts You Should Buy in Bulk". Racked. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  97. ^ "Nike Tempo trend". Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  98. ^ "10 Best Women's Running Shorts For Your New Year Fitness Regime". British Vogue. October 15, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  99. ^ Running for beginners. Imagine. 2013. p. 240. ISBN 9781908955111. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  100. ^ Fielders, Suzy (March 30, 2016). "The Young & the Stylish". Winston-Salem Journal.
  101. ^ "Introducing the Nike Elite". Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  102. ^ "Colorful socks no longer a fad". Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  103. ^ "Dr Jays". Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
  104. ^ "These Aaliyah, Nino Brown, and Eazy-E Nike Elite Socks Can't Be Real Life". Complex.
  105. ^ "Nike Elite Is Releasing Socks Using Its Digital Ink Printing Process in Limited Quantities". Complex.
  106. ^ "The 2015 Nike Mag". NIKE, Inc. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  107. ^ Rooney, Kyle (October 21, 2016). "The Michael J. Fox Foundation does raffle with Nike to raise awareness for Parkinson's disease". Hotnewhiphop. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  108. ^ "NikeLab". www.nike.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
  109. ^ Clarke, Khari (June 12, 2014). "Nike Will Launch "NikeLab" Stores Worldwide Tomorrow - The Source". Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  110. ^ "Nike Is FINALLY Launching a Plus-Size Collection". Teen Vogue. March 2, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  111. ^ Lekach, Sasha (March 2017). "Nike finally releases plus-size clothing line for women". Mashable. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
  112. ^ Bracetti, Alex. "Converse Unveils All-Star Modern Sneakers". AskMen.
  113. ^ "Nike's $100,000 USD "Moon Shoe" Is a Piece of Sneaker History". Hypebeast. March 16, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2023.
  114. ^ "Nike shoes race to $437,500 world record auction price for sneakers". Reuters. July 24, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  115. ^ Williams, Alex (May 26, 2022). "Nike Sold an NFT Sneaker for $134,000". The New York Times.
  116. ^ Daniel Van Boom (April 28, 2022). "These Nike NFT 'Cryptokicks' Sneakers Sold For $130K". CNET. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  117. ^ "Appellate court rejects Beaverton annexation | The Oregonian Extra". Blog.oregonlive.com. June 16, 2006. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  118. ^ a b Siemers, Erik (January 20, 2016). "A first look at Nike's $380M-plus HQ expansion (Renderings)". American City Business Journals.
  119. ^ "NIKE, Inc. Insider Trading & Ownership Structure". Simply Wall St. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  120. ^ "Corporate Responsibility". www.nike.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
  121. ^ "India's 50 most trusted brands". rediff.com. January 20, 2011.
  122. ^ "List of factories" (PDF). www.nike.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007.
  123. ^ "Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests". Ресурсный центр по вопросам бизнеса и прав человека [Business & Human Rights Resource Centre]. August 1, 2017. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  124. ^ "Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests". MR Magazine. August 2, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  125. ^ "Boycott of Shoe Company Is Burning Issue at Protest". Los Angeles Times. December 22, 1990.
  126. ^ "Nike Labor Practices in Vietnam". www.saigon.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2001.
  127. ^ Associated Press, "Nike still dogged by worker abuses", Japan Times, July 15, 2011, p. 4.
  128. ^ "MIT" (PDF). Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  129. ^ Sun Thyda, 12 (October 15, 2000). "Programmes | Panorama | Archive | Gap and Nike: No Sweat? October 15, 2000". BBC News. Retrieved March 4, 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  130. ^ More than ten thousand workers stage strike at massive Dongguan shoe factory, April 14, 2014
  131. ^ Yue Yuen shoe factory workers' strike at Dongguan plants continues, April 17, 2014.
  132. ^ Yue Yuen strikers vow to continue until benefit contribution deficit paid in full, South China Morning Post, April 18, 2013.
  133. ^ "'Paradise papers' expose tax evasion schemes of the global elite". Deutsche Welle. November 5, 2017.
  134. ^ "So lief die SZ-Recherche". Süddeutsche Zeitung. November 5, 2017.
  135. ^ "Offshore Trove Exposes Trump-Russia Links And Piggy Banks Of The Wealthiest 1 Percent". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. November 5, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  136. ^ a b c Simon Bowers (November 6, 2017). "How NikeStays One Step Ahead of the Regulators: When One Tax Loophole Closes, Another Opens". ICIJ. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  137. ^ Einhorn, Bruce (September 4, 2018). "Nike Falls as Critics Fume on Social Media Over Kaepernick Deal". Bloomberg.
  138. ^ Daniels, Tim (September 3, 2018). "Colin Kaepernick Named Face of Nike's 30th Anniversary of 'Just Do It' Campaign". Bleacher Report.
  139. ^ "People Are Already Burning Their Nikes in Response to the Colin Kaepernick Ad". Esquire. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  140. ^ "People are destroying their Nike shoes and socks to protest Nike's Colin Kaepernick ad campaign". Business Insider France (in French). Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  141. ^ a b Golding, Shenequa (September 6, 2018). "The National Black Police Association Is In Full Support Of Nike's Colin Kaepernick Ad". Vibe. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  142. ^ Cancian, Dan (September 6, 2018). "LeBron 'Stands with Nike' in Support of Colin Kaepernick's Campaign". Newsweek. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  143. ^ "Serena Williams supports Nike's decision to endorse Colin Kaepernick". Global News. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  144. ^ Wheeler, Wyatt D. (September 5, 2018). "College of the Ozarks drops Nike, will 'choose country over company'". Springfield News-Leader. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  145. ^ Novy-Williams, Eben (September 7, 2018). "Nike Orders Rose in Four-Day Period After Kaepernick Ad Debut". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  146. ^ "Nike hit by conservative backlash over 'racist trainer'". BBC. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  147. ^ "Nike pulls Fourth of July trainers after Colin Kaepernick 'raises concerns'". The Independent. July 2, 2019. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  148. ^ a b "Nike 'pulls Betsy Ross flag trainer after Kaepernick complaint'". BBC News. July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  149. ^ "Nike Pulls 'Betsy Ross Flag' Sneakers After Kaepernick Complaint". July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  150. ^ Goldberg, Jonah (July 15, 2019). "Nike fans the flames of the culture war". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  151. ^ Alper, Alexandra; Spetalnick, Matt (October 24, 2019). "Pence backs Hong Kong protests in China speech, slams NBA and Nike". Reuters.
  152. ^ a b c "World Athletics modifies rules governing competition shoes for elite athletes". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  153. ^ The Race for Brands to Match Nike's Vaporfly, retrieved March 26, 2020
  154. ^ a b "Nike Vaporfly Shoes Controversy". NPR.org. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  155. ^ Kilgore, Adam. "Nike's Vaporfly shoes changed running, and the track and field world is still sifting through the fallout". Washington Post. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  156. ^ Adegeest, Don-Alvin (December 6, 2021). "Nike, Patagonia named in European lawsuit as being complicit in 'forced labour' practices in Xinjiang, China". FashionUnited. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  157. ^ Shakil, Ismail; Rajagopal, Divya; Rajagopal, Divya (July 11, 2023). "Canada probes Nike, Dynasty Gold over alleged use of forced labor in China". Reuters. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  158. ^ "Tailoring Responsibility: Tracing Apparel Supply Chains from the Uyghur Region to Europe" (PDF). Uyghur Rights Monitor, the Helena Kennedy Centre for International Justice at Sheffield Hallam University. p. 17.
  159. ^ Zabarenko, Deborah (June 19, 2007). "Canon tops list of climate-friendly companies". Reuters. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  160. ^ "Nike". ClimateCounts. Archived from the original on February 12, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  161. ^ a b "Wicked Local". April 29, 2008. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  162. ^ EcoBahn (July 21, 2020). "Nike Reuse-A-Shoe: Digital Upcycling Shift". EcoBahn. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  163. ^ a b Curtis, Alexander; Hansson, Amanda. "Examining the Viability of Corporate Recycling Initiatives and Their Overall Environmental Impact: The Case of Nike Grind and the Reuse-A-Shoe Program". Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  164. ^ Smoot, Grace (October 28, 2021). "What Is the Carbon Footprint of Diesel Fuel? A Life-Cycle Assessment". Impactful Ninja. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  165. ^ [1] Archived May 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  166. ^ Stanley Holmes (September 24, 2006). "Nike Goes For The Green". Bloomberg Business Week Magazine. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
  167. ^ J. Harnisch and W. Schwarz (February 4, 2003). "Final report on the costs and the impact on emissions of potential regulatory framework for reducing emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride" (PDF). Ecofys GmbH.
  168. ^ Todd, L. A.; Sitthichok, T. P.; Mottus, K.; Mihlan, G.; Wing, S. (2008). "Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand". Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 52 (3): 195–205. doi:10.1093/annhyg/men003. PMID 18344534.
  169. ^ Todd, L. A.; Mottus, K.; Mihlan, G. J. (2008). "A Survey of Airborne and Skin Exposures to Chemicals in Footwear and Equipment Factories in Thailand". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 5 (3): 169–181. doi:10.1080/15459620701853342. PMID 18213531. S2CID 13571160.
  170. ^ Watts, Jonathan (July 13, 2011). "Greenpeace report links western firms to Chinese river polluters". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 11, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  171. ^ Brettman, Allan (November 19, 2011). "Nike, Adidas, Puma agree with Greenpeace to clean water in worldwide production by 2020". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  172. ^ "THE DETOX CATWALK 2016". Greenpeace. 2016. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  173. ^ "Nike: A Poster Child for Climate Change?". Technology and Operations Management. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  174. ^ a b "Nike's Sustainability Report for 2020Q2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2021. Alt URL
  175. ^ "Nike's Sustainability Report for 2021Q1". Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Alternate URL
  176. ^ "Companies taking action". Science Based Targets.
  177. ^ "Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2020. Alt URL
  178. ^ "Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2020. Alt URL
  179. ^ "Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2020. Alt URL
  180. ^ "Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2020. Alt URL
  181. ^ "Nike's Sustainability Report for 2019Q2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2020. Alt URL
  182. ^ Kish, Rob Davis,Agnel Philip,Alex Mierjeski,Matthew (August 13, 2024). "After Nike Leaders Promised Climate Action, Their Corporate Jets Kept Flying — and Polluting". ProPublica. Retrieved August 24, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  183. ^ "Lexis® – Sign In | LexisNexis". signin.lexisnexis.com. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  184. ^ "What the Tech? Microorganism-Harvested AirCarbon Will Make Your Next Pair of Nikes". HYPEBEAST. September 17, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
  185. ^ a b "FDRA | Nike's Sustainability Report Shows Environmental Impact Reductions". May 8, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
  186. ^ a b Hall, Christopher (February 12, 2020). "Nike's Move to Zero Collection Leaves Little Fabric Waste Behind". Sourcing Journal. ProQuest 2353833050.
  187. ^ "Athletes: North America". Nike.com. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
  188. ^ Nudd, Tim (March 25, 2014). "W+K Finds Its First Ads Ever, for Nike, on Dusty Old Tapes". Adweek. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
  189. ^ "Nike's Knight Is Advertiser of the Year". AllBusiness.com. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  190. ^ Fass, Allison (August 31, 2000). "The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award". The New York Times.
  191. ^ Rutenberg, Jim (September 20, 2002). "The Media Business: Advertising – Addenda; Nike Spot Wins An Emmy Award". The New York Times.
  192. ^ a b According to a July 28, 1987, article written by the Associated Press.
  193. ^ Levine, Robert (July 4, 2005). "A Nike Poster Upsets Fans of the Punk Rock Band Minor Threat in a Major Way". The New York Times.
  194. ^ "Skateboarding". Nike. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  195. ^ Brettman, Allan (June 22, 2011). "Nike courts controversy, publicity with drug-themed skater shirts". The Oregonian. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
  196. ^ "Nike Inc. (NYSE:NKE) Facing Slogan Backlash". stocksandshares.tv. June 24, 2011. Archived from the original on June 27, 2011.
  197. ^ a b c "Nike Signs 8-Year Deal With NBA". BallerStatus.com. June 11, 2015. Archived from the original on April 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  198. ^ Dator, James (June 26, 2017). "The Hornets will be the only NBA team to have jerseys licensed by Jumpman". SB Nation. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
  199. ^ "Jumpman logo will appear on NBA Statement Edition uniforms for 2020–21 season". NBA.com. July 21, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
  200. ^ "Fire on the Track – The Steve Prefontaine Story – Part 1". YouTube. Retrieved June 4, 2019.[dead YouTube link]
  201. ^ Skidmore, Sarah. "23 years later, Air Jordans maintain mystique", The Seattle Times, January 10, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  202. ^ Bailey, Ryan. "The 10 Most 'Bling' Boots in Football". Bleacher Report. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  203. ^ "A Shortish History of Online Video". Vidyard. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  204. ^ "Paterno's name off child care center". FOX Sports. July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  205. ^ "Joe Paterno's Name Removed From Child Development Center at Nike Headquarters". NESN.com. July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  206. ^ "Jogadores de Futebol Patrocinados pela Nike". Nike Brasil. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  207. ^ Caioli, Luca (2012). Messi: The Inside Story of the Boy Who Became a Legend. Corinthian Books. p. 94.
  208. ^ Northcroft, Jonathan (October 4, 2009). "The Premier League's goal rush". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  209. ^ "Nike offers further backing for Asian soccer". Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  210. ^ "Premier League: Sportswear giants Nike to end Manchester United sponsorship". Sky Sports. London. August 7, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  211. ^ Jackson, Jamie (July 14, 2014). "Manchester United sign record 10-year kit deal with Adidas worth £750m". The Guardian. London. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  212. ^ "LFC announces multi-year partnership with Nike as official kit supplier from 2020–21" (Press release). Liverpool: Liverpool Football Club. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
  213. ^ "The History of Nike Tennis". Nike. August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  214. ^ "Tiger Woods and Nike end 27-year partnership". January 8, 2024.
  215. ^ Handley, Lucy (April 6, 2018). "Nike welcomes Tiger Woods back to the Masters with ad featuring his greatest hits". www.cnbc.com. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  216. ^ Tom Fordyce (January 14, 2013). "Rory McIlroy, Nike and the $250m, 10-year sponsorship deal". BBC. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  217. ^ "Team India's new NIKE ODI kit". Cricbuzz.com. October 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  218. ^ "Indian Cricket team's NIKE ODI kit". Cricketliveguide.com. September 29, 2010. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  219. ^ Scott, Roxanna (February 21, 2013). "Oscar Pistorius dropped by Nike". USA Today. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
  220. ^ "Sources: NBA, Nike have near-$1B apparel deal". ESPN.com. June 10, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  221. ^ Fleetwood, Nicole R. (2015). On Racial Icons: Blackness and the Public Imagination (DGO - Digital original ed.). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6515-6. JSTOR j.ctt15sk7t3.
  222. ^ "Nike Zoom Kobe 4 Protro 'White/Del Sol' POP Returns May 24 On SNKRS". Lakers Nation. May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  223. ^ "Vince Carter Nike Shox BB4 Raptors PE | SneakerNews.com". Sneaker News. March 7, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  224. ^ "Nike Unleashes "Hot Lava" LeBron 16s". HYPEBEAST. May 20, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  225. ^ "Kevin Durant unveils Nike KD 12". SI.com. March 15, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  226. ^ "Giannis Antetokounmpo re-signs with Nike for a 'long-term partnership'". November 7, 2017.
  227. ^ "The story behind Paul George's signature sneaker". SI.com. November 15, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  228. ^ Vlahos, Nicholas (April 25, 2024). "Every WNBA Player Who's Had a Signature Sneaker". Sole Retriever. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  229. ^ Vlahos, Nicholas (April 23, 2024). "Caitlin Clark Will Get a Signature Nike Sneaker". Sole Retriever. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
  230. ^ "Nike stocks fall after basketball prodigy touted as the 'next LeBron James' blows out his sneaker". nine.come. au. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  231. ^ a b Alger, Tyson. "Oregon Ducks add orange to their Nike uniform repertoire for Colorado game". The Oregonian. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  232. ^ Coaston, Jane (August 10, 2020). "The Big Ten and Pac-12 postponed the college football season. Here's how we got here". Vox. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  233. ^ a b Peter, Josh. "Behind Oregon's (Phil) Knight in shining armor". USA Today. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  234. ^ Germano, Sara. "Nike Pledges $13.5 Million to Help Renovate University of Oregon Track Facilities". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  235. ^ Bishop, Greg (August 2, 2013). "Oregon Embraces 'University of Nike' Image". The New York Times.
  236. ^ "(RED) Partners". (RED). (RED), a division of The ONE Campaign. 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  237. ^ "Nike becomes presenting sponsor of RBI Program". MLB.com.
  238. ^ "Nike Community Ambassadors | Nike Global Community Impact". Nike Global Community Impact. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  239. ^ "Top 10 brands most relevant to China's Gen-Z[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  240. ^ Hall, Casey (August 19, 2016). "Apple, Nike and Adidas Win Over China's Generation Y and Z". WWD. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  241. ^ a b "Report: Nike, Adidas And Lululemon Top Millennials' Favorite Athletic Brands | SGB Media Online". sgbonline.com. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  242. ^ Lockwood, Lisa (January 9, 2023). "Nike Most Popular Sportswear Brand in the U.S., Followed by Lululemon and Adidas, Per Rakuten Study". WWD. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  243. ^ Kevin, Brown (July 28, 2023). "Shark Week's top advertisers—and more from iSpot, Kantar, Amazon, Nike: Datacenter Weekly". Ad Age. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
  244. ^ "Kantar launches the Brand Inclusion Index and finds Americans consider Nike, Amazon, and Disney as the Most Inclusive Brands". www.kantar.com. Retrieved August 4, 2023.

Further reading

45°30′33″N 122°49′48″W / 45.5093°N 122.8299°W / 45.5093; -122.8299