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{{Short description|Energy efficiency competition}}
The '''Eco-Marathon''' is an annual competition sponsored by [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]], in which participants build special vehicles to achieve the highest possible [[fuel efficiency]]. The Eco-Marathon is held around the world with events in Finland, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Japan, and the USA. The event also took place in the UK until 2010. On 2013, the event also would took place in Malaysia, however due to the [[2013 Southeast Asian haze]] the event has been cancelled and will held in Philippines on 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/755684|title=Shell Eco-marathon Asia in Malaysia cancelled due to haze|work=TheSunDaily|date=28 June 2013|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref>
{{Infobox motorsport championship
| name = Shell Eco-Marathon
| logo = Shell_Eco-Marathon_Logo.jpg
| country/region = International<br />Shell Eco-marathon Americas: [[Sonoma, California]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shell.com/make-the-future/shell-ecomarathon/americas/for-americas-participants.html|title=For Americas participants|website=www.shell.com|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <br />Shell Eco-marathon Asia: [[Singapore]]<br />Shell Eco-marathon Europe: [[London, England]]
| inaugural = 1939
| folded =
| classes =
| drivers =
| constructors =
| engines =
| tyres =
| champion driver =
| champion team =
| constructor =
| website = {{URL|https://www.shellecomarathon.com}}
| current_season =
}}
'''Shell Eco-marathon''' is a world-wide energy efficiency competition sponsored by [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]]. Participants build automotive vehicles to achieve the highest possible [[fuel efficiency]]. There are two vehicle classes within Shell Eco-marathon: Prototype and UrbanConcept. There are three energy categories within Shell Eco-marathon: battery-electric, hydrogen fuel cell, and internal combustion engine (gasoline, ethanol, or diesel). Prizes are awarded separately for each vehicle class and energy category. The pinnacle of the competition is the Shell Eco-marathon Drivers' World Championship, where the most energy-efficient UrbanConcept vehicles compete in a race with a limited amount of energy.


Shell Eco-marathon competitions are held around the world with nine events as of 2018. The 2018 competition season includes events held in [[Singapore]], [[California]], [[Paris]], [[London]], [[Istanbul]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[India]], and [[China]]. Participants are students from various academic backgrounds including university teams such as past finalists [[University of British Columbia]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Competition - UBC Supermileage|url=https://www.supermileage.ca/competition/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=www.supermileage.ca}}</ref> [[Duke University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pratt.duke.edu/about/news/duke-electric-vehicles-team-hits-hollywood|title=Duke Electric Vehicles Team Hits Hollywood - Duke Pratt School of Engineering|website=Pratt.Duke.edu|date=14 December 2015 |access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> [[University of Toronto]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/u-t-engineering-supermileage-team-wins-shell-eco-marathon-detroit|title=U of T Engineering supermileage team wins Shell Eco-marathon in Detroit|website=University of Toronto News|access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> and [[University of California, Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/shell-ecomarathon/americas/results-and-awards.html|title=Results and awards|website=www.Shell.com|access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref>
The events are entered by a range of participants from enthusiastic amateurs to university teams and major motor manufacturers with a variety of designs.


In 2018, over 5,000 students from over 700 universities in 52 countries participated in Shell Eco-marathon. The digital reach of Shell Eco-marathon is approximately several million.
A world record was set by a French team in 2003 called [[Microjoule (vehicle)|Microjoule]] with a performance of {{Convert|10705|mpgimp|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Running on empty |date=2003-07-18 |publisher=Telegraph Media Group |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/2723474/Running-on-empty.html |accessdate=2008-10-20 | location=London | first=Richard | last=Simpson}}</ref> The current record is {{Convert|12665|mpgus|abbr=on|lk=on}}, set in 2005 by the [[PAC-Car II]]. The world record in diesel efficiency was achieved by the Spanish team of the politechnical University of Valencia in 2010 with 1396.8 kilometres per litre. In contrast, the most efficient [[Diesel engine|diesel]] passenger cars achieve {{Convert|60|mpgus|abbr=on|0}}, and some high-powered sports cars achieve as little as {{Convert|8|mpgus|abbr=on|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Lowest Fuel Economy Models: 2010 Model Year| publisher = United States Environmental Protection Agency | date = October 19, 2009 | url = http://www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/overall-low.htm| accessdate = 1 March 2010}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The event's history stretches back over seventy years. In 1939, a group of Shell scientists based in a research laboratory in Wood River, Illinois, USA, had a friendly bet to see who could drive their own car furthest on one gallon of fuel.<ref>http://www.byronwine.com/files/Shell%20P221.pdf</ref> At the time, {{Convert|21.12|km/L|abbr=on}} was the best that could be achieved.
In 1939, a group of Shell scientists based in a research laboratory in Wood River, Illinois, USA, had a friendly bet to see who could drive their own car furthest on one gallon of fuel. The winner managed a fuel economy of {{Convert|49.73|mpgus|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.byronwine.com/files/Shell%20P221.pdf |title=Mileage Marathons |last1=Affleck |first1=W. S. |last2=Toft |first2=G. B. |work=Fuel Economy of the Gasoline Engine : Fuel, Lubricants and other Effects |editor1=Blackmore, D.R. |editor2=Thomas, A. |date=1977 |isbn=1349034185 |page=221}}</ref> A repeat of the challenge yielded dramatically improved results over the years:
* {{Convert|149.95|mpgus|abbr=on}} with a 1947 Studebaker in 1949
* {{Convert|244.35|mpgus|abbr=on}} with a 1959 Fiat 600 in 1968<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.59fiattestcar.com|title=Home|website=Shell Fiat|access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref>
* {{Convert|376.59|mpgus|abbr=on}} with a 1959 Opel in 1973.


During the 1980s, a Canadian version of the competition was called the 'Shell Fuelathon', with competitions in Oakville, Ontario Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From My Archives – Shell Canada Fuelathon – frame18a |url=https://frame18a.ca/shell-canada-fuelathon/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=frame18a.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shell Canada 100 year milestones |url=https://www.shell.ca/en_ca/about-us/who-we-are/canadian-history-timeline.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.shell.ca |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CONTENTdm Collection : Item Viewer |url=http://host11.be.cdm6.library.ubc.ca/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/arphotos&CISOPTR=21647&CISOBOX=1&REC=3 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=host11.be.cdm6.library.ubc.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=WebDev |first=I. E. T. |date=1991-06-07 |title=Sunday Competition for Best Gas Mileage |url=https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/sunday-competition-best-gas-mileage |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=UC Davis |language=en}}</ref>
Other Achievements:
* 149.95 MPG with a 1947 Studebaker in 1949
* 244.35 MPG with a 1959 Fiat 600 in 1968
* 376.59 MPG with a 1959 Opel in 1973.


The current record is {{Convert|12665|mpgus|abbr=on}}, set in 2005 by the [[PAC-Car II]]. The world record in Diesel efficiency was achieved by a team from the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia (Politechnical University of Valencia, Spain) in 2010 with 1396.8 kilometres per litre. In contrast, the most efficient production [[Diesel engine|Diesel]] passenger cars achieve {{Convert|60|mpgus|abbr=on|0}}, and some high-powered sports cars achieve as little as {{Convert|8|mpgus|abbr=on|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Lowest Fuel Economy Models: 2010 Model Year| publisher = United States Environmental Protection Agency | date = October 19, 2009 | url = http://www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/overall-low.htm| access-date = 1 March 2010}}</ref>
That idea was the foundation for the first international competition held in [[Mallory Park]] in the UK in 1977, (1976 international competition "Pisaralla Pisimmälle" was held in Finland (Keimola)).


The current European Shell Eco-marathon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/shell-ecomarathon/europe.html |title=Shell Eco-marathon Europe |publisher=Royal Dutch Shell}}</ref> record for a combustion engine entry was set in 2004 by the team from Lycée La Joliverie (France) at 3,410&nbsp;km on the equivalent of a single litre of fuel. Prototype vehicles using fuel cells are capable of greater energy efficiency. In 2005, a hydrogen-powered vehicle built by Swiss team ETH Zurich achieved a projected 3,836&nbsp;km on the equivalent of a single litre of fuel. This is equivalent to the distance between Paris and Moscow. In 2013, ethanol efficiency world record was set by Toulouse Ingenerie Multidisciplinarie with 3100&nbsp;km of a single litre of ethanol. This is equivalent to the distance between Toulouse and Istanbul.
Over the past 30 years, [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]] has improved dramatically.


In 2009, the entry from the Technical School at La Joliverie College, a car named "Microjoule," achieved 3,771 km per litre, or 0.02652 L/100 km.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ungureanu |first1=Ionut |title=12 Dollars To Circle the Earth with Microjoule, World’s Most Efficient Car |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/12-dollars-to-circle-the-earth-with-microjoule-worlds-most-efficient-car-81980.html |access-date=28 December 2024}}</ref> Microjoule also won the 2023 competition, but with a significantly lower efficiency of 2507.15 km/l.<ref>{{cite web |title=Energy Efficiency Competitions {{!}} Shell Eco-marathon |url=https://www.shellecomarathon.com/about/previous-seasons/2023-programme-on-track/regional-europe.html |access-date=28 December 2024}}</ref>
The current European Shell Eco-marathon [http://www.shell.com/home/content/ecomarathon/europe/] record for a combustion engine entry was set in 2004 by the team from Lycée La Joliverie (France) at 3,410&nbsp;km on the equivalent of a single litre of fuel. For prototype vehicles using fuel cells, the record is even more impressive. In 2005, the hydrogen-powered vehicle built by Swiss team ETH Zurich achieved a projected 3,836&nbsp;km on the equivalent of a single litre of fuel. This is the equivalent of driving from Paris to Moscow.


== Event ==
According to a Sunday, March 31, 2013 online [[Associated Press]] (AP) article that appeared on the [[Peoria Journal Star]]'s website, for the 2013 Shell Eco-Marathon competition in [[Houston, Texas]], the [[Champaign-Urbana News-Gazette]] reported that a group of students from the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] (with a $56,000 budget and support from the College of Engineering and several corporations) has designed a two-passenger car, with a [[hydrogen fuel cell]] (and with a [[chassis]] weighing less than 70 pounds), that could potentially reach a fuel efficiency level of up to 100 miles per gallon.<ref>http://www.pjstar.com/free/x1522346755/University-of-Illinois-students-design-car-that-could-reach-100-mpg</ref>
The Eco-Marathon has different classes of competition, according to the energy source used: [[Fuel cell]]s, [[solar cell]]s, [[gasoline]], Diesel fuel and [[Autogas|LPG]]. During the competition, cars must attain an average speed of at least 15&nbsp;mph (23&nbsp;km/h) over a distance of 10 miles (16&nbsp;km). The course is typically a motor racing track or closed-off city streets. The fuel is strictly measured out for each entrant at the start and end of the course. The difference is used to calculate the vehicle's average fuel consumption. Solar-powered vehicles are not eligible for the grand prize for fuel efficiency.


In 2017, more than 100 student teams from many countries across the Americas competed in the Shell-Eco Marathon Americas to a crowd of over 20,000 throughout the competitions at the [[Cobo Center]] in [[Detroit, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/make-the-future-detroit-featuring-shell-eco-marathon-americas-to-shed-light-on-bright-energy-ideas-and-innovations-that-address-the-worlds-energy-challenge-300382594.html |title=Make The Future Detroit, Featuring Shell Eco-Marathon Americas To Shed Light On Bright Energy Ideas And Innovations That Address The World's Energy Challenge |author=Shell Oil Company |date=21 December 2016 |publisher=PR Newswire |access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref>
==Event==
The Eco-Marathon has different classes of competition: [[Fuel cell]]-powered, [[solar cell]]-powered, [[gasoline]]-fueled, [[Diesel fuel|diesel]]-fueled, and [[Autogas|LPG]]-fueled. During the competition, cars must attain an average speed of at least 15&nbsp;mph (23&nbsp;km/h) over a distance of 10 miles (16&nbsp;km). The course is typically a motor racing track—for the pan-European meet, the [[Circuit Paul Armagnac]] in Nogaro, France,The UK event no longer takes place but was formerly held at Rockingham in Northampton, and in the Americas the competition formerly used the course at the [[California Speedway]] in Fontana. Though now the Americas automobile competition takes place at [[Discovery Green]] in Houston, Texas. The fuel is strictly measured out for each entrant. At the end of the course, the amount of fuel used is measured; from that figure, fuel economy is calculated.

The marathon includes a set of rules to create a set of safe conditions for the event. Some of the rules for the event may encourage participants to enter vehicles that use hydrocarbon-based fuel sources. For instance, the Eco-marathon places solar-powered vehicles in their own class and are excluded from winning the $10,000 grand prize.


==Entrants==
==Entrants==
The top performing vehicles are specially designed for high efficiency. Some vehicles use a coast/burn technique whereby they briefly accelerate from 10 to 20&nbsp;mph (from 16 to 32&nbsp;km/h) and then switch the engine off and coast for approximately 2 minutes until the speed drops back down to 10&nbsp;mph (16&nbsp;km/h). This process is repeated resulting in average speed of 15&nbsp;mph for the course. Typically the vehicles have:
The top performing vehicles are purpose designed for high efficiency. Some vehicles use a coast and burn technique whereby they briefly accelerate from 10 to 20&nbsp;mph (from 16 to 32&nbsp;km/h) and then switch the engine off and coast until the speed drops back down to 10&nbsp;mph (16&nbsp;km/h). This process is repeated resulting in average speed of 15&nbsp;mph for the course. Typically the vehicles have:
* [[Automobile drag coefficients]] (C<sub>d</sub>) below 0.1

* [[Rolling resistance]] coefficients less than 0.0015
*[[Automobile drag coefficients]] (C<sub>d</sub>) < 0.1
* Weight without driver under 45&nbsp;kg
*[[Rolling resistance]] coefficients < 0.0015
* Engine efficiency under 200 [[Brake specific fuel consumption|specific fuel consumption]] (cc/bhp/hr)
*Weight without driver of < 45&nbsp;kg
*Engine efficiency of < 200 s.f.c. (cc/bhp/hr)

The vehicles are highly specialized and optimized for the event and are not intended for everyday use. The designs represent what can be achieved with current technology and offer a glimpse into the future of car design based on minimal environmental impact in a world with reduced oil reserves. The work of the participants can be used to show ways manufacturers could redesign their products.


The vehicles are highly specialized and optimized for the event and are not intended for everyday use. The designs represent what can be achieved with current technology and offer a glimpse into the future of car design based on minimal environmental impact in a world with reduced oil reserves. The work of the participants can be used to show ways manufacturers could redesign their products.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}
Teams who have participated in the competition include
* [http://www.sempnec.org Team PNEC] - [http://www.nust.edu.pk National University of Sciences & Technology Pakistan]
*[https://www.facebook.com/HammerHeadGiki Team HammerHead]-[http://www.giki.edu.pk Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute Pakistan]
* [[DTU Roadrunners]] - [[Technical University of Denmark]] [http://www.ecocar.dk]
* Purdue Solar Racing [http://www.purduesolar.org/]
* Darien Fuel Cell Team [http://www.dhsfuelcell.org/]
* [http://calpolysupermileage.com/ Cal Poly Supermileage], from [[California Polytechnic State University]]
* [http://www.cedarville.edu/Academics/Engineering-and-Computer-Science/SAE-Supermileage.aspx/ Cedarville University]
* [[Team H2politO]] - Molecole da Corsa [http://www.polito.it/h2polito/]
* Team Green [http://www.teamgreen.org.uk/]
* [[Microjoule (vehicle)|Microjoule]]
* [[Eco-Runner Team Delft]] [http://www.ecorunner.nl]
* Team Apollo [http://www.rtbx.nl]
* Trinity School Racing [http://www.trinityschoolracing.co.uk]
* [[University of British Columbia]] - UBC Supermilage [http://www.supermileage.ca]
* Aemval [http://www.aemval.org/]
* [[Pac-car]]
* [[Sandbach School]] [http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupID=54319&ResourceId=827939]
* Team Schluckspecht [http://www.schluckspecht.net/]
* Team TIM [http://www.timupsinsa.com]
* Fortis Saxonia [http://www.fortis-saxonia.de/home/?lang=en]
* Eco Motion Team by ESSTIN [http://www.ecomotionteam.org]
* Remmi-Team, [[Tampere university of technology|Tampere University of Technology]], Finland [http://remmi-team.com]
* Team Economus
* [http://uosupermileage.ca/ University of Ottawa Supermileage]
* Team EcoCar by Louisiana Tech University [http://www.latechecocar.com]
* The Politechnical University Of Valencia
* The Leekburners, Lindenborg High School, Leek, Netherlands (http://www.leekburners.eu)
* [[DNV Fuel Fighter]] - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU [http://ecomarathon.no]
* EcoCars by [[Royal Institute of Technology]] [[KTH]] [http://www.kth.se/blogs/ecocars]
* The Hydro Cruisers (The Hague University) [http://www.eco-marathon.nl/]
* The Harwich School
* [[Mizzou Hydrogen Car Team|Tigergen II]] by the [[University of Missouri]] [http://mizzouhydrogen.org/]
* The Green Machine by the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] and the [[Erasmushogeschool Brussel]] [http://ecomarathon.vub.ac.be]
* Pak Pacers - University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan<ref>http://www.shell.com.pk/home/content/pak/aboutshell/media_centre/news_and_media_releases/2011/sem_asia_pak_teams.html</ref>
* The Y-Nots! - Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan<ref>http://www.automark.pk/articles/item/245-shell-eco-marathon-the-past--the-present.htmll</ref>
* Rakata Team - Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
* [http://semar.ugm.ac.id/ SEMAR UGM TEAM] - [[Gadjah Mada University]], Indonesia


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.shell.com/home/content/ecomarathon/about/rules/ Shell Eco-Marathon 2010 Rules]
{{reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Shell Eco-marathon}}
{{commons category|Shell Eco-marathon}}
*[http://www.shell.com/global/environment-society/ecomarathon.html Official Shell Eco-Marathon website]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20130114015344/http://www.shell.com/global/environment-society/ecomarathon.html 2013 Archive of Official Shell Eco-Marathon website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100704023438/http://www.shell.com/home/content/ecomarathon/about/rules/ Archive of Shell Eco-Marathon 2010 Rules]
*[http://supermileage.us/ Website/blog of the Cal Poly Supermileage Team]
*[http://www.semt.mecheng.strath.ac.uk The University of Strathclyde Eco-Marathon Team]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160114164158/http://www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/shell-ecomarathon/europe.html 2016 Archive of Shell Eco-Marathon Europe]
*[http://pv3e.com PV3e: a Shell Eco-Marathon team]
*[http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupDownloadFile.asp?GroupID=54319&ResourceId=827939 Sandbach School's team video]
*[http://timupsinsa.com Team Toulouse Mechanical Engineering]
*[http://uosupermileage.ca/ University of Ottawa Supermileage]
*[http://www.ecomotionteam.org Blog of the Eco Motion Team by ESSTIN]
*[http://www.seattlepi.com/local/351903_needle20.html Hybrids, meet your rival -- it gets 376.59 mpg]
*[http://www.polito.it/h2polito H2PolitO - Molecole da Corsa Website]
*[http://www.heliocentris.com/en/customers/systems/bz-szene/shell-eco-marathon.html Pictures of Shell Eco-Marathon]
*[http://www.sempnec.org Official Website of TEAM PNEC]
*[http://ecomarathon.no DNV Fuel Fighter - Norwegian University of Science and Technology]


[[Category:Energy technology competitions]]
[[Category:Green racing]]
[[Category:Science competitions]]
[[Category:Science competitions]]
[[Category:Eco-marathon challengers| ]]
[[Category:Shell Eco-marathon challengers| ]]
[[Category:Sustainable transport]]
[[Category:1939 establishments in Illinois]]

Latest revision as of 08:20, 28 December 2024

Shell Eco-Marathon
CountryInternational
Shell Eco-marathon Americas: Sonoma, California[1]
Shell Eco-marathon Asia: Singapore
Shell Eco-marathon Europe: London, England
Inaugural season1939
Official websitewww.shellecomarathon.com

Shell Eco-marathon is a world-wide energy efficiency competition sponsored by Shell. Participants build automotive vehicles to achieve the highest possible fuel efficiency. There are two vehicle classes within Shell Eco-marathon: Prototype and UrbanConcept. There are three energy categories within Shell Eco-marathon: battery-electric, hydrogen fuel cell, and internal combustion engine (gasoline, ethanol, or diesel). Prizes are awarded separately for each vehicle class and energy category. The pinnacle of the competition is the Shell Eco-marathon Drivers' World Championship, where the most energy-efficient UrbanConcept vehicles compete in a race with a limited amount of energy.

Shell Eco-marathon competitions are held around the world with nine events as of 2018. The 2018 competition season includes events held in Singapore, California, Paris, London, Istanbul, Johannesburg, Rio de Janeiro, India, and China. Participants are students from various academic backgrounds including university teams such as past finalists University of British Columbia,[2] Duke University,[3] University of Toronto,[4] and University of California, Los Angeles.[5]

In 2018, over 5,000 students from over 700 universities in 52 countries participated in Shell Eco-marathon. The digital reach of Shell Eco-marathon is approximately several million.

History

[edit]

In 1939, a group of Shell scientists based in a research laboratory in Wood River, Illinois, USA, had a friendly bet to see who could drive their own car furthest on one gallon of fuel. The winner managed a fuel economy of 49.73 mpg‑US (4.730 L/100 km; 59.72 mpg‑imp).[6] A repeat of the challenge yielded dramatically improved results over the years:

  • 149.95 mpg‑US (1.5686 L/100 km; 180.08 mpg‑imp) with a 1947 Studebaker in 1949
  • 244.35 mpg‑US (0.9626 L/100 km; 293.45 mpg‑imp) with a 1959 Fiat 600 in 1968[7]
  • 376.59 mpg‑US (0.62459 L/100 km; 452.27 mpg‑imp) with a 1959 Opel in 1973.

During the 1980s, a Canadian version of the competition was called the 'Shell Fuelathon', with competitions in Oakville, Ontario Canada.[8][9][10][11]

The current record is 12,665 mpg‑US (0.018572 L/100 km; 15,210 mpg‑imp), set in 2005 by the PAC-Car II. The world record in Diesel efficiency was achieved by a team from the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia (Politechnical University of Valencia, Spain) in 2010 with 1396.8 kilometres per litre. In contrast, the most efficient production Diesel passenger cars achieve 60 mpg‑US (4 L/100 km; 72 mpg‑imp), and some high-powered sports cars achieve as little as 8 mpg‑US (29 L/100 km; 10 mpg‑imp).[12]

The current European Shell Eco-marathon[13] record for a combustion engine entry was set in 2004 by the team from Lycée La Joliverie (France) at 3,410 km on the equivalent of a single litre of fuel. Prototype vehicles using fuel cells are capable of greater energy efficiency. In 2005, a hydrogen-powered vehicle built by Swiss team ETH Zurich achieved a projected 3,836 km on the equivalent of a single litre of fuel. This is equivalent to the distance between Paris and Moscow. In 2013, ethanol efficiency world record was set by Toulouse Ingenerie Multidisciplinarie with 3100 km of a single litre of ethanol. This is equivalent to the distance between Toulouse and Istanbul.

In 2009, the entry from the Technical School at La Joliverie College, a car named "Microjoule," achieved 3,771 km per litre, or 0.02652 L/100 km.[14] Microjoule also won the 2023 competition, but with a significantly lower efficiency of 2507.15 km/l.[15]

Event

[edit]

The Eco-Marathon has different classes of competition, according to the energy source used: Fuel cells, solar cells, gasoline, Diesel fuel and LPG. During the competition, cars must attain an average speed of at least 15 mph (23 km/h) over a distance of 10 miles (16 km). The course is typically a motor racing track or closed-off city streets. The fuel is strictly measured out for each entrant at the start and end of the course. The difference is used to calculate the vehicle's average fuel consumption. Solar-powered vehicles are not eligible for the grand prize for fuel efficiency.

In 2017, more than 100 student teams from many countries across the Americas competed in the Shell-Eco Marathon Americas to a crowd of over 20,000 throughout the competitions at the Cobo Center in Detroit, Michigan.[16]

Entrants

[edit]

The top performing vehicles are purpose designed for high efficiency. Some vehicles use a coast and burn technique whereby they briefly accelerate from 10 to 20 mph (from 16 to 32 km/h) and then switch the engine off and coast until the speed drops back down to 10 mph (16 km/h). This process is repeated resulting in average speed of 15 mph for the course. Typically the vehicles have:

The vehicles are highly specialized and optimized for the event and are not intended for everyday use. The designs represent what can be achieved with current technology and offer a glimpse into the future of car design based on minimal environmental impact in a world with reduced oil reserves. The work of the participants can be used to show ways manufacturers could redesign their products.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "For Americas participants". www.shell.com. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  2. ^ "Competition - UBC Supermileage". www.supermileage.ca. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
  3. ^ "Duke Electric Vehicles Team Hits Hollywood - Duke Pratt School of Engineering". Pratt.Duke.edu. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  4. ^ "U of T Engineering supermileage team wins Shell Eco-marathon in Detroit". University of Toronto News. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  5. ^ "Results and awards". www.Shell.com. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  6. ^ Affleck, W. S.; Toft, G. B. (1977), Blackmore, D.R.; Thomas, A. (eds.), "Mileage Marathons" (PDF), Fuel Economy of the Gasoline Engine : Fuel, Lubricants and other Effects, p. 221, ISBN 1349034185
  7. ^ "Home". Shell Fiat. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  8. ^ "From My Archives – Shell Canada Fuelathon – frame18a". frame18a.ca. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  9. ^ "Shell Canada 100 year milestones". www.shell.ca. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  10. ^ "CONTENTdm Collection : Item Viewer". host11.be.cdm6.library.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  11. ^ WebDev, I. E. T. (1991-06-07). "Sunday Competition for Best Gas Mileage". UC Davis. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  12. ^ "Lowest Fuel Economy Models: 2010 Model Year". United States Environmental Protection Agency. October 19, 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  13. ^ "Shell Eco-marathon Europe". Royal Dutch Shell.
  14. ^ Ungureanu, Ionut. "12 Dollars To Circle the Earth with Microjoule, World's Most Efficient Car". Retrieved 28 December 2024.
  15. ^ "Energy Efficiency Competitions | Shell Eco-marathon". Retrieved 28 December 2024.
  16. ^ Shell Oil Company (21 December 2016). "Make The Future Detroit, Featuring Shell Eco-Marathon Americas To Shed Light On Bright Energy Ideas And Innovations That Address The World's Energy Challenge". PR Newswire. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
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