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{{Short description|German diplomat (1851–1933)}}
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[[File:Bienvenu-Martin Berthelot Schoen.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin]], [[Philippe Berthelot]] and '''Wilhelm von Schoen'''.]]
{{Infobox officeholder
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'''Wilhelm Eduard Freiherr von Schoen''' (Schön) (June 3, 1851 [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] - April 24, 1933 [[Berchtesgaden]]) was a [[Germany|German]] [[diplomat]]. He was especially known as German [[ambassador]] in [[Paris]] at the beginning of [[World War I]] and as [[List of German foreign ministers|State Secretary for Foreign Affairs]] of the [[German Empire]].
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|name = Wilhelm von Schoen
|image = Wilhelm Eduard Freiherr von Schoen (Schön) (3 June 1851 – 24 April 1933).jpg
|imagesize =
|smallimage =
|caption =
|order = [[List of ambassadors of Germany to France|German Ambassador to France]]
|term_start = 1 July 1910
|term_end = 3 August 1914
|predecessor = [[Hugo von Radolin]]
|successor = ''World War I''
|monarch = [[Wilhelm II]]
|chancellor =
|predecessor1 = [[Heinrich von Tschirschky]]
|successor1 = [[Alfred von Kiderlen-Waechter]]
|order1 = [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)#State Secretaries for Foreign Affairs (1871–1919)|State Secretary for Foreign Affairs]]
|term_start1 = 26 October 1907
|term_end1 = 27 June 1910
|monarch1 = [[Wilhelm II]]
|chancellor1 = [[Bernhard von Bülow]]<br>[[Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1851|06|03|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1933|04|24|1851|06|03|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Berchtesgaden]], [[Bavaria]], [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
|constituency =
|party =
|spouse = Baroness Bertha de Groote
|children = 2
|profession =
|relations =
|signature =
|footnotes =
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}}
[[File:Paris, Baron Von Schon, German Amb. (LOC).jpg|thumb|right|Wilhelm von Schoen as German ambassador in Paris]]
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[[File:Bienvenu-Martin Berthelot Schoen.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin]] (foreground), '''Wilhelm von Schoen''' (right), and [[Philippe Berthelot]].]]
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'''Wilhelm Eduard Freiherr von Schoen''' (Schön) (3 June 1851 &ndash; 24 April 1933) was a German [[diplomat]]. He was especially known as German [[ambassador]] in [[Paris]] at the beginning of [[World War I]] and as [[List of German foreign ministers|State Secretary for Foreign Affairs]] of the [[German Empire]].

{{inline|date=April 2024}}
As one of Germany's leading diplomats he was appointed as Ambassador to France. He recommended for any ultimatum to Serbia to be supported in Vienna by the 'localization' of any possible conflict in the Balkans. Germany was determined to maintain the Teutonic alliance of the Central Powers at all costs and did not want an all out war. The assurance that Britain would stand by Russia and France, however, lent real fear to German foreign policy that Russian policy in the Balkans would immediately force to aid Serbia.

Schoen ensconced in the sophisticated French capital sent a telegram of 26 June announcing to Berlin that France was ready to negotiate. Bilateral talks would bring the two blocks together in peace, but by 1 August, the French were standing pat with the response they would secure the "National Interest." Schoen could not face passing on the blackmail demand that France stay neutral in Germany's planned conflict. Schoen knew he had failed when the trend in assassinations spread to Paris. In the first week of August frantic efforts were made to stop the war at the [[Quai d'Orsay]] which he visited 11 times in 7 days. Poincare had worked for appeasement or peace, but Schoen knew the Entente powers would not split. He dermurred, "My question is rather naive, for we know you have a treaty of alliance".

Schoen was born in [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]. He could speak several languages as well the German diplomatic corps, including French. His wife was a Belgian. He was distressed when he met Premier [[Rene Viviani]] by the news that the Americans were to take his embassy. Made worse by the fear of failure was the ultimatum he carried. Their solemn parting epitomised the reluctance to go to "a war to end all wars". He immediately returned to Berlin. He died in [[Berchtesgaden]], aged 81.


== Notes ==
== References ==
* ''Der Nationalismus im Leben der Dritten Republik'', Berlin 1920. (Mitautor)
* ''Der Nationalismus im Leben der Dritten Republik'', Berlin 1920. (Mitautor)
* 'Erlebtes: Beiträge zur politischen Geschichte der neuesten Zeit'', Stuttgart 1921.
* ''Erlebtes: Beiträge zur politischen Geschichte der neuesten Zeit'', Stuttgart 1921.
* ''The Memoirs of An Ambassador. A Contribution to the Political History of Modern Times'', London 1922,
* {{Cite book |last=Schoen |first=Wilhelm |author-mask=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pudBAAAAIAAJ |title=The Memoirs of an Ambassador: A Contribution to the Political History of Modern Times |date=1922 |publisher=G. Allen & Unwin }}
* ''Mémoires (1900-1914)'', Paris 1922.
* ''Mémoires (1900-1914)'', Paris 1922.
* ''Deutschland und die Schuldfrage'', Berlin 1924.
* ''Deutschland und die Schuldfrage'', Berlin 1924.
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Wilhelm von Schoen}}
* [http://runeberg.org/nfcd/0695.html Biographie im Nordisk Familijebok von 1916] (Swedish)
* [https://runeberg.org/nfcd/0695.html Biographie im Nordisk Familijebok von 1916] (Swedish)
* {{DNB portal|117645087|TYP=}}
* {{DNB portal|117645087|TYP=}}


{{GermanFMs}}
{{GermanFMs}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=40161322 |GND=117645087 }}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| NAME = Schoen, Wilhelm Von
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 3, 1851
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = April 24, 1933
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schoen, Wilhelm Von}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schoen, Wilhelm Von}}
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Worms, Germany]]
[[Category:People from Worms, Germany]]
[[Category:German politicians]]
[[Category:Foreign secretaries of Germany]]
[[Category:Foreign Secretaries of Germany]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Germany to France]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Germany to France]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Germany to Russia]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Germany to Russia]]
[[Category:People from Rhenish Hesse]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:People of the July Crisis]]

Latest revision as of 14:55, 21 October 2024

Wilhelm von Schoen
German Ambassador to France
In office
1 July 1910 – 3 August 1914
MonarchWilhelm II
Preceded byHugo von Radolin
Succeeded byWorld War I
State Secretary for Foreign Affairs
In office
26 October 1907 – 27 June 1910
MonarchWilhelm II
ChancellorBernhard von Bülow
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Preceded byHeinrich von Tschirschky
Succeeded byAlfred von Kiderlen-Waechter
Personal details
Born(1851-06-03)3 June 1851
Worms, Grand Duchy of Hesse
Died24 April 1933(1933-04-24) (aged 81)
Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany
SpouseBaroness Bertha de Groote
Children2
Wilhelm von Schoen as German ambassador in Paris
Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin (foreground), Wilhelm von Schoen (right), and Philippe Berthelot.

Wilhelm Eduard Freiherr von Schoen (Schön) (3 June 1851 – 24 April 1933) was a German diplomat. He was especially known as German ambassador in Paris at the beginning of World War I and as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire.

As one of Germany's leading diplomats he was appointed as Ambassador to France. He recommended for any ultimatum to Serbia to be supported in Vienna by the 'localization' of any possible conflict in the Balkans. Germany was determined to maintain the Teutonic alliance of the Central Powers at all costs and did not want an all out war. The assurance that Britain would stand by Russia and France, however, lent real fear to German foreign policy that Russian policy in the Balkans would immediately force to aid Serbia.

Schoen ensconced in the sophisticated French capital sent a telegram of 26 June announcing to Berlin that France was ready to negotiate. Bilateral talks would bring the two blocks together in peace, but by 1 August, the French were standing pat with the response they would secure the "National Interest." Schoen could not face passing on the blackmail demand that France stay neutral in Germany's planned conflict. Schoen knew he had failed when the trend in assassinations spread to Paris. In the first week of August frantic efforts were made to stop the war at the Quai d'Orsay which he visited 11 times in 7 days. Poincare had worked for appeasement or peace, but Schoen knew the Entente powers would not split. He dermurred, "My question is rather naive, for we know you have a treaty of alliance".

Schoen was born in Worms. He could speak several languages as well the German diplomatic corps, including French. His wife was a Belgian. He was distressed when he met Premier Rene Viviani by the news that the Americans were to take his embassy. Made worse by the fear of failure was the ultimatum he carried. Their solemn parting epitomised the reluctance to go to "a war to end all wars". He immediately returned to Berlin. He died in Berchtesgaden, aged 81.

References

[edit]
  • Der Nationalismus im Leben der Dritten Republik, Berlin 1920. (Mitautor)
  • Erlebtes: Beiträge zur politischen Geschichte der neuesten Zeit, Stuttgart 1921.
  • The Memoirs of an Ambassador: A Contribution to the Political History of Modern Times. G. Allen & Unwin. 1922.
  • Mémoires (1900-1914), Paris 1922.
  • Deutschland und die Schuldfrage, Berlin 1924.
  • Kleiner Führer durch das Berchtesgadener Land, Berchtesgaden 1925.
  • The German Declaration of War on France: The Question of Telegram Mutilations. Premier Poincaré versus Ambassador von Schoen, USA 1927.
[edit]
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