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{{Inline citations|date=December 2013}}
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{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| name= Tang En-bo (湯恩伯)
| name = Tang En-bo<br>湯恩伯
| birth_date=October 1898
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|9|20}}
| death_date= {{Death date and age|1954|6|29|1898|9|20}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1954|6|29|1899|9|20}}
| nickname=The Iron Man
| nickname = The Iron Man
| birth_place= [[Wuyi County, Zhejiang|Wuyi]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Qing Dynasty|China]]
| birth_place = [[Wuyi County, Zhejiang|Wuyi]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Qing Dynasty]]
| death_place=[[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
| death_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
| placeofburial=[[Wuzhi Mountain Military Cemetery]]
| placeofburial = [[Wuzhi Mountain Military Cemetery]]
| placeofburial_label= Place of burial
| placeofburial_label = Place of burial
| image=Tang Enboi.jpg
| image = Tang Enboi.jpg
| caption= General Tang Enbo
| caption = General Tang Enbo
| allegiance= {{flag|Republic of China}}
| allegiance = {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China}}
| branch = {{army|Republic of China}}
| branch = {{army|Republic of China}}
| serviceyears=1926-1954
| serviceyears = 1926–1954
| rank=[[General]]
| rank = [[File:17陆军一级上将.png|40px]] [[General]]
| commands=13th corps,20th Army, 3rd war zone
| commands = 13th corps, 20th Army, 3rd war zone
| unit=89th division
| unit = 89th division
| battles = *[[Second Sino-Japanese War]]
| battles=[[Battle of Taierzhuang]], [[Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi]], [[Menglianggu Campaign]]
**[[Battle of Taierzhuang]]
⚫
| awards=[[Order of Blue Sky and White Sun]]
**[[Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi]]
| laterwork=Politician
*[[Chinese Civil War]]
**[[Menglianggu Campaign]]
**[[Shanghai Campaign]]
⚫
| awards = [[Order of Blue Sky and White Sun]]
| laterwork = Politician
}}
}}
'''Tang Enbo''' ({{zh|t=湯恩伯|s=汤恩伯|p=Tāng Énbó|w=T'ang En-po}}, ‍[http://www.zjda.gov.cn/show_hdr.php?xname=CP0GHU0&dname=TTSVHU0&xpos=9])(1898–1954) was a [[Kuomintang|Nationalist]] [[general]] in the [[Republic of China]]. Along with [[Hu Zongnan]] and [[Xue Yue]], Tang was one of the [[Kuomintang]] generals most feared and respected by the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]].
'''Tang Enbo''' ({{zh|t=湯恩伯|s=汤恩伯|p=Tāng Énbó|w=T'ang En-po}}, birth name was ({{zh|t=湯克勤|s=汤克勤|p=Tāng Kèqín}}, <ref>|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050106023724/http://www.zjda.gov.cn/show_hdr.php?xname=CP0GHU0&dname=TTSVHU0&xpos=9]</ref>)(1899–1954) was a [[Kuomintang|Nationalist]] [[general]] in the [[Republic of China]].


==Life==
==Life==


===Early life and war with Japan===
===Early life and war with Japan===
{{POV section|date=November 2015}}
⚫
Born in 1898 in [[Wuyi County, Zhejiang|Wuyi]], [[Zhejiang]], Tang Enbo was a graduate of the [[Imperial Japanese Army Academy]], and therefore was familiar with the tactics of his Japanese enemy during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. Tang's early resistance to the Japanese invasion was most ineffective, but this had nothing to do with his personal capabilities, but more to do with the political situation in [[China]]— Tang's superior [[Chiang Kai-shek]] was reluctant to devote his best troops to fight the Japanese invaders, wishing instead to use them to exterminate the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist]]s. Limited in troops and materiel, any commander would have had great difficulties in fighting such a superior enemy, and Tang Enbo was no exception. Furthermore, the battle plans though successful on paper rarely materialized on the battlefield during this stage because local [[History of China|Chinese]] warlords were only interested in maintaining their forces and largely ignored [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s orders. Although Tang did contribute to the victory at [[Battle of Taierzhuang]], he was unable to stop the Japanese assaults during the 1944 [[Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi]], losing 37 cities and towns within 36 days.
[[File:Former Residence of Tang Enbo in Nanjing 2011-11.JPG|thumb|Former residence of Tang Enbo in [[Nanjing]].]]
⚫
Born in 1899 in [[Wuyi County, Zhejiang|Wuyi]], [[Zhejiang]], Tang Enbo was a graduate of the [[Imperial Japanese Army Academy]], and therefore was familiar with the tactics of his Japanese enemy during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. Tang's early resistance to the Japanese invasion was most ineffective, due to the political situation in [[China]]— Tang's superior [[Chiang Kai-shek]] was reluctant to devote his best troops to fight the Japanese invaders, wishing instead to use them to exterminate the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist]]s. Limited in troops and material, any commander would have had great difficulties in fighting such a superior enemy, and Tang Enbo was no exception.


Furthermore, the battle plans though successful on paper rarely materialized on the battlefield during this stage because local [[History of China|Chinese]] warlords were only interested in maintaining their forces and largely ignored [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s orders. Although Tang did contribute to the victory at [[Battle of Taierzhuang]], he was unable to stop the Japanese assaults during the 1944 [[Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi]], losing 37 cities and towns within 36 days.
⚫
===Civil war===
⚫
After [[World War II]], Tang Enbo participated in the struggle against the [[communist]]s, who attempted to win Tang Enbo. Tang was hesitant at the first due to his military failure in the [[Chinese Civil War]], but soon his fourth [[concubine]] convinced him to firmly follow [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and stay with [[Kuomintang]]. As a result, Tang Enbo informed [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that his teacher and superior [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]] had asked him to turn to the [[communist]]s and Chen was then arrested and later executed. Chen Yi was executed at Machangding, [[Taipei]], on June 18, 1950 and was buried in Wugu, Taipei County.


⚫
===Chinese Civil War===
⚫
The fallout of all this was that Tang Enbo had now lost the trust of Chiang Kai-shek. Tang's position was further weakened when other Nationalist cadres such as Gu Zhenggang (谷正纲) discovered and revealed to Chiang Kai-shek that during the [[Shanghai Campaign]] Tang was preparing to flee to Japan by asking his close associates Wang Wencheng (王文成) and Long Zuoliang (龙佐良) to seek out a home in Japan.
⚫
After [[World War II]], Tang Enbo participated in the struggle against the [[communist]]s, who attempted to win Tang Enbo. Tang was hesitant at the first due to his military failure in the [[Chinese Civil War]], but soon his fourth [[concubine]] convinced him to firmly follow [[Chiang Kai-shek]] and stay with [[Kuomintang]]. As a result, Tang Enbo informed [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that his teacher and superior [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]] had asked him to turn to the [[communist]]s and Chen was then arrested. Chen Yi was later executed at Machangding, [[Taipei]], on June 18, 1950, and was buried in Wugu, Taipei County.

⚫
The fallout of all this was that Tang Enbo had now lost the trust of Chiang Kai-shek. Tang's position was further weakened when other Nationalist cadres such as [[Gu Zhenggang]] (谷正纲) discovered and revealed to Chiang Kai-shek that during the [[Shanghai Campaign]] Tang was preparing to flee to Japan by asking his close associates Wang Wencheng (王文成) and Long Zuoliang (龙佐良) to seek out a home in Japan.


===Death===
===Death===
On May 6, 1949, a close friend of Tang's wired half a million US dollars to an American friend's account, and subsequently, the money was sent via this account to Wang Wencheng and Long Zuoliang in Japan. In July, 1949, Wang Wencheng and Long Zuoliang purchased a mansion with 22 rooms in a Tokyo suburb. However, all of this was accidentally made public on February 2, 1950 when Reuters issued the news in [[Tokyo]] claiming that Chiang Kai-shek had purchased a mansion in a Tokyo suburb via a top ranking Chinese official. It was rumored that Tang's political enemies within the Kuomintang had long been tracking Tang's every move and waited for the right opportunity to bring him down, but such a claim has yet to be confirmed. The result was Tang's complete falling out of favor with Chiang, who reportedly angrily shouted: "No wonder our defeat was so rapid in Shanghai and the southeastern coast— he (Tang Enbo) was already prepared to flee!"
On May 6, 1949, a close friend of Tang's wired half a million US dollars to an American friend's account, and subsequently, the money was sent via this account to Wang Wencheng and Long Zuoliang in Japan. In July, 1949, Wang Wencheng and Long Zuoliang purchased a mansion with 22 rooms in a Tokyo suburb. However, all of this was accidentally made public on February 2, 1950, when Reuters issued the news in [[Tokyo]] claiming that Chiang Kai-shek had purchased a mansion in a Tokyo suburb via a top ranking Chinese official. It was rumored that Tang's political enemies within the Kuomintang had long been tracking Tang's every move and waited for the right opportunity to bring him down, but such a claim has yet to be confirmed. The result was Tang's complete falling out of favor with Chiang, who reportedly angrily shouted: "No wonder our defeat was so rapid in Shanghai and the southeastern coast— he (Tang Enbo) was already prepared to flee!"


After fleeing to [[Taiwan]] with the retreating [[Republic of China]] government, Tang Enbo became ill and was sent to [[Japan]] for treatment. However, Tang died after surgery in [[Tokyo]] in 1954.
After fleeing to [[Taiwan]] with the retreating [[Republic of China]] government, Tang Enbo became ill and was sent to [[Japan]] for treatment. However, Tang died after surgery in [[Tokyo]] in 1954.
Line 52: Line 61:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
* http://www.generals.dk/general/Tang_Enbo/_/China.html
* http://www.generals.dk/general/Tang_Enbo/_/China.html
*Ministry of National Defense R.O.C [http://www.mnd.gov.tw/English/]
*Ministry of National Defense R.O.C [http://www.mnd.gov.tw/English/]
*Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, ''Liberation War History'', 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 2000, ISBN 7-80149-207-2 (set)
*Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, ''Liberation War History'', 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 2000, {{ISBN|7-80149-207-2}} (set)
*Zhang, Ping, ''History of the Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1987, ISBN 7-5006-0081-X (pbk.)
*Zhang, Ping, ''History of the Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1987, {{ISBN|7-5006-0081-X}} (pbk.)
*Jie, Lifu, ''Records of the Libration War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates'', 1st Edition, [[Hebei]] People's Publishing House in [[Shijiazhuang]], 1990, ISBN 7-202-00733-9 (set)
*Jie, Lifu, ''Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates'', 1st Edition, [[Hebei]] People's Publishing House in [[Shijiazhuang]], 1990, {{ISBN|7-202-00733-9}} (set)
*Literary and Historical Research Committee of the [[Anhui]] Committee of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]], ''Liberation War'', 1st Edition, [[Anhui]] People's Publishing House in [[Hefei]], 1987, ISBN 7-212-00007-8
*Literary and Historical Research Committee of the [[Anhui]] Committee of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]], ''Liberation War'', 1st Edition, [[Anhui]] People's Publishing House in [[Hefei]], 1987, {{ISBN|7-212-00007-8}}
*Li, Zuomin, ''Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War'', 1st Edition, [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist]] Party History Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 2004, ISBN 7-80199-029-3
*Li, Zuomin, ''Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War'', 1st Edition, [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist]] Party History Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 2004, {{ISBN|7-80199-029-3}}
*Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, ''Chinese Liberation War'', 1st Edition, [[People's Liberation Army]] Literature and Art Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 2001, ISBN 7-5033-1351-X (set)
*Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, ''Chinese Liberation War'', 1st Edition, [[People's Liberation Army]] Literature and Art Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 2001, {{ISBN|7-5033-1351-X}} (set)
*Huang, Youlan, ''History of the Chinese People's Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1992, ISBN 7-80019-338-1
*Huang, Youlan, ''History of the Chinese People's Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1992, {{ISBN|7-80019-338-1}}
*Liu Wusheng, ''From [[Yan'an]] to [[Beijing]]: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1993, ISBN 7-5073-0074-9
*Liu Wusheng, ''From [[Yan'an]] to [[Beijing]]: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1993, {{ISBN|7-5073-0074-9}}
*Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, ''History of Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] in Chinese Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1993 &ndash; 1997, ISBN 7-80021-719-1 (Volume 1), 7800219615 (Volume 2), 7800219631 (Volume 3), 7801370937 (Volume 4), and 7801370953 (Volume 5)
*Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, ''History of Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] in Chinese Liberation War'', 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in [[Beijing]], 1993 &ndash; 1997, {{ISBN|7-80021-719-1}} (Volume 1), 7800219615 (Volume 2), 7800219631 (Volume 3), 7801370937 (Volume 4), and 7801370953 (Volume 5)

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
| NAME =Tang, Enbo
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Chinese general
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1898
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Wuyi County, Zhejiang|Wuyi]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Qing dynasty|China]]
| DATE OF DEATH =June 29, 1954
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tang, Enbo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tang, Enbo}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese people of World War II]]
[[Category:Chinese people of World War II]]
Line 80: Line 83:
[[Category:People from Jinhua]]
[[Category:People from Jinhua]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun]]
[[Category:Chinese Civil War refugees]]
[[Category:Taiwanese people from Zhejiang]]
[[Category:Chinese anti-communists]]

Latest revision as of 22:30, 13 November 2024

Tang En-bo
湯恩伯
General Tang Enbo
Nickname(s)The Iron Man
Born(1899-09-20)September 20, 1899
Wuyi, Zhejiang, Qing Dynasty
DiedJune 29, 1954(1954-06-29) (aged 54)
Tokyo, Japan
Place of burial
Wuzhi Mountain Military Cemetery
Allegiance Republic of China
Service / branch Republic of China Army
Years of service1926–1954
Rank General
Unit89th division
Commands13th corps, 20th Army, 3rd war zone
Battles / wars
AwardsOrder of Blue Sky and White Sun
Other workPolitician

Tang Enbo (simplified Chinese: 汤恩伯; traditional Chinese: 湯恩伯; pinyin: Tāng Énbó; Wade–Giles: T'ang En-po, birth name was (simplified Chinese: 汤克勤; traditional Chinese: 湯克勤; pinyin: Tāng Kèqín, [1])(1899–1954) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China.

Life

[edit]

Early life and war with Japan

[edit]
Former residence of Tang Enbo in Nanjing.

Born in 1899 in Wuyi, Zhejiang, Tang Enbo was a graduate of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, and therefore was familiar with the tactics of his Japanese enemy during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Tang's early resistance to the Japanese invasion was most ineffective, due to the political situation in China— Tang's superior Chiang Kai-shek was reluctant to devote his best troops to fight the Japanese invaders, wishing instead to use them to exterminate the Communists. Limited in troops and material, any commander would have had great difficulties in fighting such a superior enemy, and Tang Enbo was no exception.

Furthermore, the battle plans though successful on paper rarely materialized on the battlefield during this stage because local Chinese warlords were only interested in maintaining their forces and largely ignored Chiang Kai-shek's orders. Although Tang did contribute to the victory at Battle of Taierzhuang, he was unable to stop the Japanese assaults during the 1944 Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi, losing 37 cities and towns within 36 days.

Chinese Civil War

[edit]

After World War II, Tang Enbo participated in the struggle against the communists, who attempted to win Tang Enbo. Tang was hesitant at the first due to his military failure in the Chinese Civil War, but soon his fourth concubine convinced him to firmly follow Chiang Kai-shek and stay with Kuomintang. As a result, Tang Enbo informed Chiang Kai-shek that his teacher and superior Chen Yi had asked him to turn to the communists and Chen was then arrested. Chen Yi was later executed at Machangding, Taipei, on June 18, 1950, and was buried in Wugu, Taipei County.

The fallout of all this was that Tang Enbo had now lost the trust of Chiang Kai-shek. Tang's position was further weakened when other Nationalist cadres such as Gu Zhenggang (谷正纲) discovered and revealed to Chiang Kai-shek that during the Shanghai Campaign Tang was preparing to flee to Japan by asking his close associates Wang Wencheng (王文成) and Long Zuoliang (龙佐良) to seek out a home in Japan.

Death

[edit]

On May 6, 1949, a close friend of Tang's wired half a million US dollars to an American friend's account, and subsequently, the money was sent via this account to Wang Wencheng and Long Zuoliang in Japan. In July, 1949, Wang Wencheng and Long Zuoliang purchased a mansion with 22 rooms in a Tokyo suburb. However, all of this was accidentally made public on February 2, 1950, when Reuters issued the news in Tokyo claiming that Chiang Kai-shek had purchased a mansion in a Tokyo suburb via a top ranking Chinese official. It was rumored that Tang's political enemies within the Kuomintang had long been tracking Tang's every move and waited for the right opportunity to bring him down, but such a claim has yet to be confirmed. The result was Tang's complete falling out of favor with Chiang, who reportedly angrily shouted: "No wonder our defeat was so rapid in Shanghai and the southeastern coast— he (Tang Enbo) was already prepared to flee!"

After fleeing to Taiwan with the retreating Republic of China government, Tang Enbo became ill and was sent to Japan for treatment. However, Tang died after surgery in Tokyo in 1954.

Military career

[edit]
  • 1932 General Officer Commanding 89th Division, Henan
  • 1937 Commander in Chief Taiyuan Pacification Headquarters' Frontline Forces
  • 1937 - 1938 General Officer Commanding XIII Corps
  • 1937 - 1938 General Officer Commanding 20th Army
  • 1938 - 1940 Commander in Chief 31st Army Group
  • 1944 Deputy Commander in Chief 1st War Area
  • 1944 Deputy Commander in Chief 4th War Area
  • 1944 - 1945 Commander in Chief 3rd Front Army
  • 1949 Commander in Chief defense of Shanghai

References

[edit]
  1. ^ |[1]
  • http://www.generals.dk/general/Tang_Enbo/_/China.html
  • Ministry of National Defense R.O.C [2]
  • Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000, ISBN 7-80149-207-2 (set)
  • Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987, ISBN 7-5006-0081-X (pbk.)
  • Jie, Lifu, Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990, ISBN 7-202-00733-9 (set)
  • Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liberation War, 1st Edition, Anhui People's Publishing House in Hefei, 1987, ISBN 7-212-00007-8
  • Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004, ISBN 7-80199-029-3
  • Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing, 2001, ISBN 7-5033-1351-X (set)
  • Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992, ISBN 7-80019-338-1
  • Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993, ISBN 7-5073-0074-9
  • Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993 – 1997, ISBN 7-80021-719-1 (Volume 1), 7800219615 (Volume 2), 7800219631 (Volume 3), 7801370937 (Volume 4), and 7801370953 (Volume 5)
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