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{{Infobox settlement
{| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 250px; font-size: 95%; float: right;" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" | Patos de Minas
| name = Patos de Minas
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| official_name = ''Município de Patos de Minas''<br/>Municipality of Patos de Minas
| [[States of Brazil|State]] || [[Minas Gerais]]
| nickname =
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| motto =
| Area: || 3,189&nbsp;km²
| image_skyline =
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| imagesize =
| Population: || 133,054 ''(IBGE 2007)''
| image_caption =
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| image_flag = Flag of Patos de Minas MG.png
| Elevation: || 832 m above sea level
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Patos de Minas MG.png
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| image_map = MinasGerais Municip PatosdeMinas.svg
| Postcode (CEP): || 38700-000
| mapsize =
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| map_caption = Localization of Patos de Minas in Minas Gerais
| valign="top" | Became a city: || 1892
| pushpin_map = Brazil
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| pushpin_mapsize = 250
| valign="top" | Distance to [[Belo Horizonte]]: || 415&nbsp;km.
| pushpin_map_caption = Localization of Patos de Minas in Brazil
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| valign="top" | IBGE statistical microregion: || [[Patos de Minas Microregion]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| Website: || [http://www.patosdeminas.mg.gov.br/ City government site]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
|----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
|}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Image:Bandeira de Minas Gerais.svg|border|22px]] [[Minas Gerais]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name =
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1868
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 3.189,771
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| population_as_of = 2022<ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/mg/patos-de-minas/panorama IBGE 2022]</ref>
| population_note =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 159,235
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym = Patense
| timezone = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| utc_offset = &minus;3
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|18|34|54|S|46|30|53|W|region:BR|display=inline}}
| elevation_m = 815
| area_code = +55 34
| postal_code_type = Postal Code (CEP)
| postal_code = 38700-000
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| website = [http://www.patosdeminas.mg.gov.br/ www.patosdeminas.mg.gov.br]
| footnotes =
}}


[[Image:MinasGerais Municip PatosdeMinas.svg|thumb|right|250px|Location of Patos de Minas in the state of [[Minas Gerais]]]]
'''Patos de Minas''' is a [[Municipalities of Brazil|municipality]] in the [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[Minas Gerais]] in [[Brazil]].
'''Patos de Minas''' is a city and municipality in the state of [[Minas Gerais]] in [[Brazil]], located some 400&nbsp;km from [[Belo Horizonte]] on the [[Paranaíba River]]. The city had 146.416 in 2013 while the area of the municipality is 3,189&nbsp;km². The elevation of the city is 832 meters.


==Micro-region==
== Geography ==
According to the modern (2017) geographic classification by Brazil's National Institute of Geography and Statistics ([[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]), the city is the main municipality in the [[Intermediate Geographic Region of Patos de Minas]].
Patos de Minas is also a statistical micro-region that includes [[Arapuá]], [[Carmo do Paranaíba]], [[Guimarânia]], [[Lagoa Formosa]], [[Matutina]], Patos de Minas, [[Rio Paranaíba]], [[Santa Rosa da Serra]], [[São Gotardo]], and [[Tiros]]. In 2000 the population was 226,626 inhabitants in a total area of 10,773.30&nbsp;km². The population density in 2000 was 21,04 inhab/km².<ref>[http://www.citybrazil.com.br/mg/regioes/patosdeminas/ Citybrazil]</ref>

===Sister town===
* {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Upington]], [[South Africa]]


==History==
==History==
The name is derived from the ranch known as Fazenda Os Patos, owned by the original settlers, which had the name because of the large number of wild ducks found in the region. In 1826 the first settlers, Antônio da Silva Guerra and his wife, Luísa Correia de Andrade, donated lands for the new settlement, called Vila de Santo Antônio dos Patos. In 1892 Patos de Minas gained city status with the name of Patos, which was lengthened in 1944 to Patos de Minas <ref>[http://www.ferias.tur.br/informacoes/3549/patos-de-minas-mg.html Ferias]</ref>
The name is derived from the ranch known as farmhouse Os Patos, owned by the original settlers, which had the name because of the large number of wild ducks found in the region. In 1826 the first settlers, Antônio da Silva Guerra and his wife, Luísa Correia de Andrade, donated lands for the new settlement, called Vila de Santo Antônio dos Patos. In 1892 Patos de Minas gained city status with the name of Patos, which was lengthened in 1944 to Patos de Minas.<ref>[http://www.ferias.tur.br/informacoes/3549/patos-de-minas-mg.html Ferias]</ref>


==High standard of living==
==High standard of living==
Line 45: Line 74:
*Life expectancy: 74 (average of males and females)
*Life expectancy: 74 (average of males and females)


The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was [[Poços de Caldas]] with 0.841, while the lowest was [[Setubinha]] with 0.568. Nationally the highest was [[São Caetano do Sul]] in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) [[Manari, Brazil|Manari]] in the state of [[Pernambuco]] has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place.<ref>[http://www.frigoletto.com.br/GeoEcon/idhmg.htm Frigoletto]</ref>
The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was [[Poços de Caldas]] with 0.841, while the lowest was [[Setubinha]] with 0.568. Nationally the highest was [[São Caetano do Sul]] in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) [[Manari, Brazil|Manari]] in the state of [[Pernambuco]] has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.frigoletto.com.br/GeoEcon/idhmg.htm |title=Frigoletto |access-date=2008-06-16 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706152853/http://www.frigoletto.com.br/GeoEcon/idhmg.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Distances from Patos de Minas==
*[[Belo Horizonte]]: 390&nbsp;km
*[[Patrocínio]]: 73&nbsp;km
*[[Uberlândia]]: 217&nbsp;km
*[[São Paulo]]: 760&nbsp;km
*[[Brasília]]: 428&nbsp;km


==Economy==
==Economy==
Line 68: Line 90:
*Beans: 3,000 ha.
*Beans: 3,000 ha.
*Manioc: 1,000 ha.
*Manioc: 1,000 ha.
*Corn: 12,000 ha.
*Maize: 12,000 ha.
*Soybeans: 4,500 ha.
*Soybeans: 4,500 ha.
*Tomatoes: 446 ha.<ref name="IBGE"/>
*Tomatoes: 446 ha.<ref name="IBGE"/>
Line 89: Line 111:


==Airport==
==Airport==
[[Patos de Minas Airport|Pedro Pereira dos Santos Airport]], built five years ago, can receive medium sized passenger planes from the Brasília to the Fokker F-27. It is located 6.5&nbsp;km. from the city. There are daily flights to the capital and to [[Uberaba]].<ref name="City government site"/>
[[Patos de Minas Airport|Pedro Pereira dos Santos Airport]], built in the early 1990s, can receive medium-sized passenger planes from the Brasília to the Fokker F-27. It is located 6.5&nbsp;km. from the city. In March 2016, Flyways Airline started operating in the airport with 2 flights per week from Patos de Minas to the capital city Belo Horizonte.

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Patos de Minas (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 28.8
|Feb high C = 29.4
|Mar high C = 28.8
|Apr high C = 28.5
|May high C = 27.0
|Jun high C = 26.3
|Jul high C = 26.6
|Aug high C = 28.6
|Sep high C = 30.2
|Oct high C = 30.4
|Nov high C = 28.6
|Dec high C = 28.5
| year high C = 28.5
|Jan mean C = 22.7
|Feb mean C = 22.9
|Mar mean C = 22.4
|Apr mean C = 21.8
|May mean C = 19.8
|Jun mean C = 18.9
|Jul mean C = 19.1
|Aug mean C = 20.7
|Sep mean C = 22.7
|Oct mean C = 23.4
|Nov mean C = 22.5
|Dec mean C = 22.5
| year mean C = 21.6
|Jan low C = 18.6
|Feb low C = 18.3
|Mar low C = 18.2
|Apr low C = 16.9
|May low C = 14.5
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 13.1
|Aug low C = 14.2
|Sep low C = 16.5
|Oct low C = 18.0
|Nov low C = 18.4
|Dec low C = 18.5
| year low C = 16.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 275.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 177.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 206.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 70.5
|May precipitation mm = 33.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 11.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 3.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 7.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 43.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 93.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 207.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 302.4
|year precipitation mm = 1433.4
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 17
| Feb precipitation days = 11
| Mar precipitation days = 14
| Apr precipitation days = 6
| May precipitation days = 3
| Jun precipitation days = 1
| Jul precipitation days = 1
| Aug precipitation days = 1
| Sep precipitation days = 4
| Oct precipitation days = 8
| Nov precipitation days = 14
| Dec precipitation days = 18
| year precipitation days = 98
| Jan humidity = 79.1
| Feb humidity = 76.3
| Mar humidity = 79.2
| Apr humidity = 74.8
| May humidity = 70.5
| Jun humidity = 66.4
| Jul humidity = 60.0
| Aug humidity = 51.3
| Sep humidity = 53.1
| Oct humidity = 61.6
| Nov humidity = 75.2
| Dec humidity = 79.9
| year humidity = 69.0
|source 1 = [[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]]<ref name=INMETtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043914/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETtmed>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043931/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044001/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043703/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| title = Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044003/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| title = Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMEThumidity>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043838/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| title = Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=INMETinsolacion>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043829/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| title =Insolação Total (horas)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 May 2024}}</ref>
}}

==See also==
*[[List of municipalities in Minas Gerais]]
*[[Major Porto]], a district of Patos de Minas


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>

==External links==
{{Commons category|Patos de Minas}}
* [http://www.patosdeminas.mg.gov.br/ City Hall of Patos de Minas website]
* [http://www.mg.gov.br/ Government of the State of Minas Gerais website]


{{Municipalities of Minas Gerais}}
{{coord|18|35|S|46|32|W|region:BR_type:city|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Patos de Minas}}
[[Category:Populated places in Minas Gerais]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais]]
[[Category:1826 establishments in Brazil]]

Latest revision as of 13:26, 8 July 2024

Patos de Minas
Municipality
Município de Patos de Minas
Municipality of Patos de Minas
Flag of Patos de Minas
Flag
Coat of arms of Patos de Minas
Coat of arms
Localization of Patos de Minas in Minas Gerais
Localization of Patos de Minas in Minas Gerais
Patos de Minas is located in Brazil
Patos de Minas
Patos de Minas
Localization of Patos de Minas in Brazil
Coordinates: 18°34′54″S 46°30′53″W / 18.58167°S 46.51472°W / -18.58167; -46.51472
Country Brazil
RegionSoutheast
State Minas Gerais
Founded1868
Area
 • Total
3.189771 km2 (1.231577 sq mi)
Elevation
815 m (2,674 ft)
Population
 (2022[1])
 • Total
159,235
DemonymPatense
Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
Postal Code (CEP)
38700-000
Area code+55 34
Websitewww.patosdeminas.mg.gov.br

Patos de Minas is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil.

Geography

[edit]

According to the modern (2017) geographic classification by Brazil's National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the city is the main municipality in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Patos de Minas.

History

[edit]

The name is derived from the ranch known as farmhouse Os Patos, owned by the original settlers, which had the name because of the large number of wild ducks found in the region. In 1826 the first settlers, Antônio da Silva Guerra and his wife, Luísa Correia de Andrade, donated lands for the new settlement, called Vila de Santo Antônio dos Patos. In 1892 Patos de Minas gained city status with the name of Patos, which was lengthened in 1944 to Patos de Minas.[2]

High standard of living

[edit]

Patos de Minas occupies a privileged position in the ranking of cities in the state and country in socio-economic development. A study in Veja magazine in 2001 placed Patos in fifth place among five thousand cities with the greatest socio-economic development between 1970 and 1996.[3]

Rare among Brazilian cities of this size, around 99% of all the streets of the city are paved and have public lighting and almost all of the inhabitants (97%) receive treated water. Sewage treatment reached 98% of the urban population. City government site

  • Municipal Human Development Index: 0.813 (2000)
  • State ranking: 19 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
  • National ranking: 318 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
  • Literacy rate: 92%
  • Life expectancy: 74 (average of males and females)

The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place.[4]

Economy

[edit]

The main sources of income are agriculture, services, light industry, and livestock raising. Dairy products, jerked beef, and pork by-products are processed in the city. In 2005 the GDP was R$1,217 billion, with 750 million generated by services, 189 million by industry, and 154 million by agriculture.[5]

Patos is known nationally for its corn production. The "Princess of the Alto Paranaíba" as it is called, has become the national capital of corn, a fact that has attracted investors from all over the country to set up industries in agro-industry, garments, beverages, and packaging. It is also one of the most important seed producing centers in the country.

Corn is so important in the life of the town that every May Patos puts on a festival, the biggest in the state, called Fenamilho, the Festa Nacional do Milho (National Corn Festival), in which there are rodeos and performances by country and western groups.[3]

Main crops in 2006

  • Coffee: 5,700 ha.
  • Cotton: 310 ha.
  • Potatoes: 130 ha.
  • Sugarcane: 170 ha.
  • Beans: 3,000 ha.
  • Manioc: 1,000 ha.
  • Maize: 12,000 ha.
  • Soybeans: 4,500 ha.
  • Tomatoes: 446 ha.[5]

Farm data in 2006

  • Number of farms: 3,135
  • Agricultural area: 232,334 ha.
  • Planted area: 45,300 ha.
  • Area of natural pasture: 208,109
  • Persons working in agriculture: 11,400 [5]

Health and Education in 2006

[edit]
  • Number of primary schools: 47
  • Enrollment in primary schools: 21,711
  • Number of middle or secondary schools: 23
  • Enrollment in middle or secondary schools: 7,063
  • Higher education: 3 private schools with an enrollment of 4,834 in 2005.
  • Hospitals: 1 public and 3 private with 366 beds (2005)
  • Health clinics: 27 public and 4 private.[5]

Airport

[edit]

Pedro Pereira dos Santos Airport, built in the early 1990s, can receive medium-sized passenger planes from the Brasília to the Fokker F-27. It is located 6.5 km. from the city. In March 2016, Flyways Airline started operating in the airport with 2 flights per week from Patos de Minas to the capital city Belo Horizonte.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Patos de Minas (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.8
(83.8) 		29.4
(84.9) 		28.8
(83.8) 		28.5
(83.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.6
(79.9) 		28.6
(83.5) 		30.2
(86.4) 		30.4
(86.7) 		28.6
(83.5) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.5
(83.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		22.4
(72.3) 		21.8
(71.2) 		19.8
(67.6) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.1
(66.4) 		20.7
(69.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.5
(72.5) 		21.6
(70.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18.6
(65.5) 		18.3
(64.9) 		18.2
(64.8) 		16.9
(62.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		13.2
(55.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		16.5
(61.7) 		18.0
(64.4) 		18.4
(65.1) 		18.5
(65.3) 		16.5
(61.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 275.5
(10.85) 		177.3
(6.98) 		206.9
(8.15) 		70.5
(2.78) 		33.2
(1.31) 		11.8
(0.46) 		3.8
(0.15) 		7.3
(0.29) 		43.3
(1.70) 		93.8
(3.69) 		207.6
(8.17) 		302.4
(11.91) 		1,433.4
(56.43)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 17 11 14 6 3 1 1 1 4 8 14 18 98
Average relative humidity (%) 79.1 76.3 79.2 74.8 70.5 66.4 60.0 51.3 53.1 61.6 75.2 79.9 69.0
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ IBGE 2022
  2. ^ Ferias
  3. ^ a b City government site
  4. ^ "Frigoletto". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
  5. ^ a b c d IBGE
  6. ^ "Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  7. ^ "Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  8. ^ "Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  9. ^ "Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  11. ^ "Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  12. ^ "Insolação Total (horas)". Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
[edit]
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