Dolní Marklovice: Difference between revisions

Dolní Marklovice
Dolní Marklovice
cadastral area in the Czech Republic, municipal part of the Czech Republic
	Dolní Marklovice
	Coordinates: 49°53′30″N 18°34′00″E / 49.8917°N 18.5667°E
Country	Czech Republic
Area
• Total	4.935 km2 (1.905 sq mi)
Population (26 March 2021)
• Total	1,476
• Density	300/km2 (770/sq mi)

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Dolní Marklovice^ⓘ (Polish: Marklowice Dolne^ⓘ) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Petrovice u Karviné in 1952. Petrůvka River flows through the village.

Etymology

The name of the village is patronymic in origin, derived from the German personal name Mark(e)l (≤ Markwart), whereas the ending -(ow)ice/(ow)itz is typically Slavic.^[3] The supplementary adjective Dolní (German: Nieder, Polish: Dolny) means Lower denoting its lower location in comparison to the sister settlement of Marklowice Górne (Czech: Horní Marklovice), in Poland.

History

The village of Marklovice/Marklowice was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item (in) Marklowitz debent esse triginta mansi.^[4]^[5]^[6] It meant that the village was supposed to pay a tithe from 30 smaller lans. The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what would later be known as Upper Silesia.

Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Cieszyn, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. It remained ruled by the Piast dynasty until 1653.

The village became a seat of a Catholic parish. First wooden church was built in 1360. It was mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Cieszyn deanery as Merclowicz.^[7] After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Cieszyn and a local Catholic church consecrated to Saint Nicholas was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 14 April 1654.^[8]

Differentiation of two parts of the village began in the 15th century.^[3] More distinctly they were split in the 17th century. After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The two municipalities were subscribed at least since 1880 to political district and legal district of Freistadt. They were joined again at the end of the 19th century.

According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the combined population of the two villages grew from 1,1941 in 1880 to 1,512 in 1910. The majority were Polish-speaking (between 98% and 99.6%), accompanied by German-speaking minority (at most 18 or 1.6% in 1880) and Czech-speaking people (at most 11 or 1% in 1890). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (98.4%), followed by Protestants (13 or 0.9%) and Jews (11 or 0.7%).^[9] The villages were also traditionally inhabited by Silesian Lachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it was divided between these two countries, and Dolní Marklovice became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.^[10] Marklowice Górne stayed in the separate powiat of Cieszyn. The villages was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. In 1942–1945, the Germans operated an internment camp in the village.^[11] After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

Church

The most important landmark of the village is a wooden Ascension of the Lord Church. It was built in 1739 of larch wood and consecrated to the Ascension of the Lord, as opposed to the earlier patron. There is a Mother of God painting from 1860 in the church. It was painted by Polish painter and publicist Edward Świerkiewicz. Church is under permanent conservationist supervision and systematically conserved. There is a cemetery surrounding the church. The landmark had been depicted in the works of many artists like Franciszek Świder, Rudolf Żebrok and Tadeusz Wratny.

People

Rudolf Paszek, Polish teacher and politician

Footnotes

^ https://www.cuzk.cz/Dokument.aspx?AKCE=META:SESTAVA:MDR002_XSLT:WEBCUZK_ID:720321. Retrieved 17 December 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^
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- Reason for the failure of {{Cite web}}: The Wikidata reference contains the property last update (P5017), which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.
- Reason for the failure of {{Cite Q}}: The Wikidata reference contains the property reference URL (P854), which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.
See the documentation for further details.
^ ^a ^b Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach. pp. 52–53, 246. ISSN 0208-6336.
^ Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.
^ Schulte, Wilhelm (1889). "Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis". Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka (in German). Breslau.
^ "Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis" (in Latin). Retrieved 13 July 2014.
^ "Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens (in German). 27. Breslau: H. Markgraf: 361–372. 1893. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
^ Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski "Didache". pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
^ Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 273, 290.
^ "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). 17 (18): 214. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
^ "Internierungslager Nieder-Marklowitz". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 2 December 2023.

References

Londzin, Józef (1932). Kościoły drewniane na Śląsku Cieszyńskim. Cieszyn: Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra. pp. 186–191. OCLC 297540848. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-01-22.

Owczarzy, Władysław (January 2008). "Marklowicki kościółek". Zwrot: 20–21.

Zahradnik, Stanisław (1991). Struktura narodowościowa Zaolzia na podstawie spisów ludności 1880-1991. Trzyniec: HT. OCLC 189422554.
(in Czech) History of Marklovice

[wikidata-bbd0aa88b9c640ea1217e05cfe7e79f142f5b2db-v18-1] ttps://www.cuzk.cz/Dokument.aspx?AKCE=META:SESTAVA:MDR002_XSLT:WEBCUZK_ID:720321. Retrieved 17 December 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[wikidata-9023ab7ef288de47a49355aecfa7c6546e388db9-v18-2] Error: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. Technical details:
Reason for the failure of {{Cite web}}: The Wikidata reference contains the property last update (P5017), which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.

Reason for the failure of {{Cite Q}}: The Wikidata reference contains the property reference URL (P854), which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.
See the documentation for further details.

[3] Reason for the failure of {{Cite web}}: The Wikidata reference contains the property last update (P5017), which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.

[4] Reason for the failure of {{Cite Q}}: The Wikidata reference contains the property reference URL (P854), which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.

[mrozek-3] Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach. pp. 52–53, 246. ISSN 0208-6336.

[4] Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.

[5] Schulte, Wilhelm (1889). "Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis". Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka (in German). Breslau.

[6] "Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis" (in Latin). Retrieved 13 July 2014.

[7] "Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens (in German). 27. Breslau: H. Markgraf: 361–372. 1893. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2014.

[8] Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski "Didache". pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.

[9] Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 273, 290.

[10] "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). 17 (18): 214. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.

[11] "Internierungslager Nieder-Marklowitz". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 2 December 2023.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Infobox settlement/Wikidata}}
-[[Image:Marklowice dolne-kosciol4.jpg|thumb|250px|Wooden church in the village]]
 {{Audio|Dolni Marklovice.ogg|'''Dolní Marklovice'''}} ([[Polish language|Polish]]: {{Audio-nohelp|Pl-Marklowice_Dolne.ogg|''Marklowice Dolne''}}) is a village in [[Karviná District]], [[Moravian-Silesian Region]], [[Czech Republic]]. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of [[Petrovice u Karviné]] in 1952. [[Petrůvka River]] flows through the village.
+==Etymology==
-The village of '''Marklowice''' was first mentioned in a Latin document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]] called ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' from around 1305 as ''Marklowitz''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Panic | first = Idzi | authorlink = Idzi Panic | title = Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) | trans_title = Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528) | publisher = Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie | year = 2010 | location = Cieszyn | page = 297 | language = Polish |isbn = 978-83-926929-3-5 }}</ref> It belonged then to the [[Duchy of Teschen]], formed in 1290. In the 17th century it was split into the two parts, Marklowice Dolne and Marklowice Górne. They were joined together again at the end of the 19th century. After division of that area between [[Czechoslovakia]] and [[Poland]] in 1920, it was divided between these two countries. They were briefly reunited 1938-39 after Poland's annexation of [[Zaolzie]], although in two separate powiats of Cieszyn (Marklowice Górne) and Frysztat (Marklowice Dolne). Today's Dolní Marklovice is a western part of that village. Eastern part of the village is now known as [[Marklowice Górne]] and lies in Poland.
+The name of the village is [[patronymic]] in origin, derived from the [[German language|German]] personal name ''Mark(e)l'' (≤ ''Markwart''), whereas the ending ''-(ow)ice/(ow)itz'' is typically Slavic.<ref name="mrozek">{{cite book | last = Mrózek | first = Robert | title = Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego |trans-title=Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia | publisher = [[University of Silesia in Katowice|Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach]] | year = 1984 | location = Katowice | pages = 52–53, 246 | language = pl |issn = 0208-6336}}</ref> The supplementary adjective ''Dolní'' (German: ''Nieder'', Polish: ''Dolny'') means ''Lower'' denoting its ''lower'' location in comparison to the sister settlement of [[Marklowice Górne]] (Czech: Horní Marklovice), in [[Poland]].
+== History ==
+[[File:Church in Dolní Marklovice 1932.jpg|thumb|left|Church of Ascension of Jesus, before 1932]]
+The village of ''Marklovice/Marklowice'' was first mentioned in a Latin document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]] called ''[[Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis]]'' from around 1305 as ''item (in) '''Marklowitz''' debent esse triginta mansi''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Panic | first = Idzi | author-link = Idzi Panic | title = Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) |trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528) | publisher = Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie | year = 2010 | location = Cieszyn | pages = 297–299 | language = pl |isbn = 978-83-926929-3-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Wilhelm |last=Schulte |author-link=Wilhelm Schulte |title=Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis|journal=Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka |place=Breslau |year=1889 |url= http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=19747&from=publication | language = de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dokumentyslaska.pl/cds%2014/liber.html|title=Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis |access-date=13 July 2014|language=la}}</ref> It meant that the village was supposed to pay a [[tithe]] from 30 [[Łan|smaller lans]]. The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what would later be known as [[Upper Silesia]].
+Politically the village belonged initially to the [[Duchy of Cieszyn]], formed in 1290 in the process of [[History of Poland#Fragmentation|feudal fragmentation of Poland]] and was ruled by a local branch of [[Silesian Piast dynasty]]. In 1327 the duchy became a [[Fee (feudal tenure)|fee]] of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], which after 1526 became part of the [[Habsburg monarchy]]. It remained ruled by the [[Piast dynasty]] until 1653.
+The village became a seat of a Catholic [[parish]]. First wooden church was built in 1360. It was mentioned in the register of [[Peter's Pence]] payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Cieszyn [[deanery]] as ''Merclowicz''.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti|journal= Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens|publisher= H. Markgraf|publication-place= Breslau|volume= 27|year= 1893|pages= 361–372|url= http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=15085&from=publication|access-date= 21 July 2014|language= de|archive-date= 21 September 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130921204915/http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=15085&from=publication}}</ref> After the 1540s [[Protestant Reformation]] prevailed in the Duchy of Cieszyn and a local Catholic church consecrated to [[Saint Nicholas]] was taken over by [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]]. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] on 14 April 1654.<ref>{{cite book | last = Broda | first = Jan | chapter= Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku | title = Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim | publisher = Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski "Didache" | year = 1992 | location = Katowice | pages = 259–260 | language = pl |isbn = 83-85572-00-7}}</ref>
+Differentiation of two parts of the village began in the 15th century.<ref name="mrozek"/> More distinctly they were split in the 17th century. After the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire]], a modern [[municipality|municipal division]] was introduced in the re-established [[Austrian Silesia]]. The two municipalities were subscribed at least since 1880 to [[Freistadt District (Austrian Silesia)|political district]] and [[legal district]] of [[Fryštát|Freistadt]]. They were joined again at the end of the 19th century.
+According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the combined population of the two villages grew from 1,1941 in 1880 to 1,512 in 1910. The majority were Polish-speaking (between 98% and 99.6%), accompanied by German-speaking minority (at most 18 or 1.6% in 1880) and Czech-speaking people (at most 11 or 1% in 1890). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were [[Roman Catholics]] (98.4%), followed by [[Protestants]] (13 or 0.9%) and [[Jews]] (11 or 0.7%).<ref>{{cite book | last = Piątkowski | first = Kazimierz | title = Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem | publisher = Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego | year = 1918 | location = Cieszyn | pages = 273, 290 | language = pl |url = http://obc.opole.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=1076 }}</ref> The villages were also traditionally inhabited by [[Silesian Lachs]], speaking [[Cieszyn Silesian dialect]].
+After [[World War I]], the fall of [[Austria-Hungary]], the [[Polish–Czechoslovak War]] and the division of [[Cieszyn Silesia]] in 1920, it was divided between these two countries, and Dolní Marklovice became a part of [[Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)|Czechoslovakia]]. Following the [[Munich Agreement]], in October 1938 together with the [[Zaolzie]] region it was annexed by [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], administratively organised in [[Frysztat County]] of [[Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)|Silesian Voivodeship]].<ref>{{cite journal |title= Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego |journal= Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich|volume=17 |issue=18 |page=214 |date = 31 October 1938 |url= http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=6949|access-date=1 July 2014|language=pl}}</ref> Marklowice Górne stayed in the separate powiat of Cieszyn. The villages was then annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] at the beginning of [[World War II]]. In 1942–1945, the Germans operated an internment camp in the village.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000151|title=Internierungslager Nieder-Marklowitz|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=2 December 2023|language=de}}</ref> After the war it was restored to [[Czechoslovakia]].
+== Church ==
-The most important landmark of the village is a wooden [[Ascension of Jesus|Ascension of the Lord]] Church. First wooden church was built in 1360 and was consecrated to [[Saint Nicholas]]. New one was built in 1739 of [[larch]] wood and consecrated to the Ascension of the Lord. There is a [[Mother of God]] painting from 1860 in the church. It was painted by Polish painter and publicist Edward Świerkiewicz. Church is under permanent conservationist supervision and systematically conserved. There is a cemetery surrounding the church. The landmark had been depicted in the works of many artists like [[Franciszek Świder]], [[Rudolf Żebrok]] and Tadeusz Wratny.
+The most important landmark of the village is a wooden [[Ascension of Jesus|Ascension of the Lord]] Church. It was built in 1739 of [[larch]] wood and consecrated to the Ascension of the Lord, as opposed to the earlier patron. There is a [[Mother of God]] painting from 1860 in the church. It was painted by Polish painter and publicist Edward Świerkiewicz. Church is under permanent conservationist supervision and systematically conserved. There is a cemetery surrounding the church. The landmark had been depicted in the works of many artists like [[Franciszek Świder]], [[Rudolf Żebrok]] and Tadeusz Wratny.
 == People ==
@@ Line 18: / Line 33: @@
 == References ==
+{{commons category}}
-{{commonscat|Dolní Marklovice}}
 * {{cite book
   | last = Londzin
   | first = Józef
-  | authorlink =
   | title = Kościoły drewniane na Śląsku Cieszyńskim
   | publisher = Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra
@@ Line 30: / Line 43: @@
   | pages = 186–191
   | url = http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=10927&from=&dirids=110&ver_id=592382&lp=1&QI=1E9A46D2674AA878F51B05D5968295F1-12
-  | doi =
+  | oclc = 297540848
-  | oclc = 297540848 }}
+  | access-date = 2010-01-22
+  | archive-date = 2011-07-18
+  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173153/http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=10927&from=&dirids=110&ver_id=592382&lp=1&QI=1E9A46D2674AA878F51B05D5968295F1-12
+  }}
 * {{cite journal
   | last = Owczarzy
   | first = Władysław
-  | authorlink =
   | title = Marklowicki kościółek
   | journal = [[Zwrot]]
   |date=January 2008
   | pages = 20–21
-  | doi =
+  }}
-  | id =  }}
 * {{cite book
   | last = Zahradnik
   | first = Stanisław
-  | authorlink = Stanisław Zahradnik
+  | author-link = Stanisław Zahradnik
   | title = Struktura narodowościowa Zaolzia na podstawie spisów ludności 1880-1991
   | publisher = HT
   | year = 1991
   | location = Trzyniec
-  | pages =
-  | doi =
   | oclc = 189422554 }}
-* {{cs icon}} [http://www.petroviceuk.cz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=34 History of Marklovice]
+* {{in lang|cs}} [http://www.petroviceuk.cz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=34 History of Marklovice]
+{{authority control}}
-{{coord|49|53|30|N|18|34|0|E|display=title}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Dolni Marklovice}}
-[[Category:Villages in the Czech Republic]]
 [[Category:Neighbourhoods in the Czech Republic]]
-[[Category:Karviná District]]
+[[Category:Villages in Karviná District]]
 [[Category:Cieszyn Silesia]]
-[[Category:Articles including recorded pronunciations (Czech)]]
+[[Category:Divided cities]]
-{{MoraviaSilesia-geo-stub}}