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{{Short description|Polish poet and Home Army soldier}}
{{Infobox person|
{{Infobox military person
⚫
name = Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński |
image = Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński - Maturzysta.jpg|
|name= Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński
|image= Baczynski (color).jpg
caption = ps. "'''Jan Bugaj'''" |
|image_size=
dead=dead|
|alt=
⚫
birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|1|22|mf=y}} |
|caption= Baczyński during the Second World War
⚫
birth_place = [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]] |
|nickname= Krzyś
⚫
death_date = {{death date and age|1944|8|4|1921|1|22|mf=y}} |
⚫
|birth_date= {{Birth date|1922|1|22|df=y}}
⚫
death_place = [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]
⚫
|birth_place= [[Warsaw]], [[Second Polish Republic]]
⚫
|death_date= {{death date and age|1944|8|4|1922|1|22|df=y}}
⚫
|death_place= [[Warsaw]], [[General Government]]
|placeofburial= [[Powązki Military Cemetery]]
|allegiance= [[Home Army]]
|branch= [[Grey Ranks]]
|serviceyears=
|rank= [[File:PL Epolet st szer 25.svg|40px]] Starszy szeregowy ([[Private first class]])
|unit= [[Parasol Battalion]]
|battles= [[Warsaw Uprising]]
|awards=[[File:POL Polonia Restituta Komandorski BAR.svg|40px]] Commander's Cross of [[Polonia Restituta]]<br>[[File:POL Krzyż Armii Krajowej BAR.svg|40px]] [[Cross of the Home Army]]<br>[[File:POL Za Warszawę 1939-1945 BAR.svg|40px]] [[Medal for Warsaw 1939–1945]]
|otherwork= poet
⚫
|signature= Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński signature.svg
}}
}}

'''Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński''', ({{IPA-pl|ˈkʂɨʂtɔf ˈkamil baˈt͡ʂɨɲskʲi}}; [[nom de guerre]]: '''Jan Bugaj'''; January 22, 1921 – August 4, 1944) was a [[Poland|Polish]] poet and [[Home Army]] soldier, one of the most renowned authors of the [[Generation of Columbuses]], the young generation of Polish poets of whom many perished in the [[Warsaw Uprising]].
'''Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński''', ({{IPA|pl|ˈkʂɨʂtɔf ˈkamil baˈt͡ʂɨɲskʲi}}; [[nom de guerre]]: '''Jan Bugaj'''; 22 January 1921 – 4 August 1944) was a Polish poet and [[Home Army]] soldier, one of the most well known of the [[Generation of Columbuses]], the young generation of Polish poets, of whom several perished in the [[Warsaw Uprising]] and during the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation of Poland.]]
[[File:Кшиштоф Бачинский (бюст).jpg|thumb|]]


==Biography==
==Biography==
Line 15: Line 30:
[[Image:Jan Bugaj - Rising '44.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Stone tablet of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński in the [[Warsaw Uprising Museum]]]]
[[Image:Jan Bugaj - Rising '44.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Stone tablet of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński in the [[Warsaw Uprising Museum]]]]


Baczyński was born in [[Warsaw]] in the family of renowned literary critic and soldier of [[Polish Legions in World War I]], [[Stanislaw Baczynski|Stanisław Baczyński]] and school teacher Stefania Zieleńczyk. His mother was a zealous [[Catholicism|Catholic]] but with [[Jew]]ish roots, and as such was treated by the Germans as a Jew. His uncle, Dr. Adam Zieleńczyk, escaped from the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] and was killed by Germans in 1943.<ref>Magdalena Grochowska [http://polish-jewish-heritage.org/Pol/Aug_04_Wezwani-GWgdalena_Grochowska.htm Wezwani by umrzeć], ''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'', 6 August 2004</ref>
Baczyński was born in [[Warsaw]] into the family of renowned literary critic and soldier of the [[Polish Legions in World War I]], [[Stanislaw Baczynski|Stanisław Baczyński]] and school teacher Stefania Zieleńczyk ({{langx|yi|זיעלענצזיק}}). His mother was a zealous [[Catholicism|Catholic]] but with [[Jew]]ish roots, and as such was treated by the Germans as Jewish. His uncle, Dr. Adam Zieleńczyk, escaped from the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] and was killed by Germans in 1943.<ref>Magdalena Grochowska [http://polish-jewish-heritage.org/Pol/Aug_04_Wezwani-GWgdalena_Grochowska.htm Wezwani by umrzeć], ''[[Gazeta Wyborcza]]'', 6 August 2004</ref>


Baczynski was baptized on September 7, 1922 in Warsaw. As a child, he suffered from asthma, his heart was very weak and he was in constant threat of [[tuberculosis]]. In 1933, he began education at [[Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Stefana Batorego (Warsaw, Poland)|Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Stefana Batorego]], he graduated in May 1939. In his class there were future heroes of [[Szare Szeregi]] - [[Jan Bytnar]] (''Rudy'') and [[Tadeusz Zawadzki]] (''Zośka''). Baczynski debuted as a poet some time in 1938 in ''Strzała'' - a magazine published by Organization of [[Socialism|Socialist]] Youth ''Spartakus'', to which he belonged himself. After graduation, he was planning to continue education at Warsaw's Academy of Fine Arts, but the outbreak of [[World War II]] ended these plans.
Baczynski was [[Baptism|baptized]] on 7 September 1922 in Warsaw. As a child, he suffered from [[asthma]], his heart was very weak and he was in constant threat of [[tuberculosis]]. In 1933, he began education at [[Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Stefana Batorego (Warsaw, Poland)|Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Stefana Batorego]], he graduated in May 1939. In his class there were future heroes of the [[Szare Szeregi]] - [[Jan Bytnar]] (''Rudy'') and [[Tadeusz Zawadzki]] (''Zośka''). Baczynski debuted as a poet some time in 1938 in ''Strzała'' - a magazine published by the Organization of [[Socialism|Socialist]] Youth ''Spartakus'', to which he belonged himself. After graduation, he wished to continue his education at Warsaw's Academy of Fine Arts, but the outbreak of [[World War II]] ended these plans.


During the German and Soviet (until 1941) occupation of Poland, he continued to cooperate with the left-wing underground press, most notably with the "Płomienie" (''Flames'') and "Droga" (''Way'') magazines. At the same time he was a student of [[Polish language]] at the secret underground [[Warsaw University]] and the [[Armia Krajowa]]'s "[[Agricola (school)|Agricola]]" [[Non-commissioned officer|NCOs]] School. He took up several jobs, and in 1943 joined [[Batalion Zośka]], after which he gave up studies, committing himself to the Polish resistance activities. In his apartment, he hid several pieces of weaponry, including [[submachine gun]]s and grenades.
During the German and Soviet (until 1941) occupation of Poland, he continued to work with the left-wing underground press, most notably with the "Płomienie" (''Flames'') and "[[Droga]]" (''Way'') magazines. At the same time he was a student of [[Polish language]] at the secret underground [[Warsaw University]] and the [[Armia Krajowa]]'s "Agricola" [[Non-commissioned officer|NCOs]] School. He took up several jobs, and in 1943 joined [[Batalion Zośka]], after which he gave up studies, committing himself to the Polish resistance activities. In his apartment, he hid several pieces of weaponry, including [[submachine gun]]s and grenades.


On July 6, 1942, he married [[Barbara Drapczyńska]], a university colleague. The marriage resulted in a set of erotica written by Baczyński, reputedly one of the most notable in the Polish language. Shortly before the [[Warsaw Uprising]] Baczyński gave a copy of all his poems to one of his friends, to hide in [[Żoliborz]]. Because of that, they survived the war.
On 3rd June 1942, he married [[Barbara Drapczyńska]], a university colleague. The marriage resulted in a set of erotica written by Baczyński, reputedly one of the most notable in the Polish language. In 1942, he gave his wife a hand-made volume of poetry ''[[In Purest Sorrow]]'' as a wedding gift.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=Tomasz |editor-last1= Makowski | editor-link1=Tomasz Makowski (librarian) | editor-first2= Patryk| editor-last2 = Sapała |date=2024 |publication-place=Warsaw |publisher= National Library of Poland|title=The Palace of the Commonwealth. Three times opened. Treasures from the National Library of Poland at the Palace of the Commonwealth |page=193}}</ref> Shortly before the [[Warsaw Uprising]] Baczyński gave a copy of all his poems to one of his friends, to hide in [[Żoliborz]]. Because of that, they survived the war.


As a member of [[Scouting]] Assault Groups (''[[Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego|Harcerskie]] Grupy Szturmowe''), Baczyński took part in many sabotage actions throughout the occupation. One of them was derailment of a German military train in August 1944, which resulted in a 26-hour delay of traffic on the strategic connection Warsaw-[[Białystok]].
As a member of [[Scouting]] Assault Groups (''[[Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego|Harcerskie]] Grupy Szturmowe''), Baczyński took part in many sabotage actions throughout the occupation. One of them was derailment of a German military train in August 1944, which resulted in a 26-hour delay of traffic on the strategic connection Warsaw-[[Białystok]].


After the [[Warsaw Uprising]] broke out, he joined the "[[Batalion Parasol|Parasol]]" battalion. He was [[killed in action]] by a German [[sniper]] at approximately 4 pm of August 4, 1944, in Blank Palace (''Pałac Blanka'') in the [[Warsaw Old Town]] area. He is buried in the [[Powązki Military Cemetery]], together with his pregnant wife, who was killed on September 1, 1944. He was [[posthumous award|posthumously]] awarded the [[Armia Krajowa Cross]] in 1947<sup>''[the award founded in 1966?]''</sup>.
After the [[Warsaw Uprising]] broke out, he joined the "[[Batalion Parasol|Parasol]]" battalion. He was [[killed in action]] by a German [[sniper]] at approximately 4pm on 4 August 1944 in the Blanka Palace in the [[Warsaw Old Town]]. He is buried in the [[Powązki Military Cemetery]], together with his pregnant wife, who was killed on 1 September 1944. He was [[posthumous award|posthumously]] awarded the [[Armia Krajowa Cross]] and in 1947 the [[Medal for Warsaw 1939-1945]] ([[:pl:Medal za Warszawę 1939–1945|pl]]).


In his poems and short novels, Baczyński demonstrated both [[romanticism|romantic]] traditions and [[catastrophism]]. His poems depict the brutality of war, and suggest that love is the only force that can effectively defend a human being against it. His talent was highly appreciated by his contemporaries, [[Stanisław Pigon]], upon hearing news of Baczynski joining the Szare Szeregi, said to [[Kazimierz Wyka]]: ''We belong to a nation, whose fate is to shoot at the enemy with diamonds''.
In his poems and short novels, Baczyński demonstrated both [[romanticism|romantic]] traditions and [[catastrophism]]. His poems depict the brutality of war, and suggest that love is the only force that can effectively defend a human being against it. His talent was highly appreciated by his contemporaries, Stanisław Pigon, upon hearing news of Baczynski joining the Szare Szeregi, said to [[Kazimierz Wyka]]: ''We belong to a nation, whose fate is to shoot at the enemy with diamonds''.


==Baczyński in Polish culture==
==Baczyński in Polish culture==


* The 1984 film ''[[The Fourth Day]]'' (''Dzień czwarty'') tells the story of the last four days of his life.
* The 1984 film ''The Fourth Day'' (''Dzień czwarty'') tells the story of the last four days of his life.
* In 1965, Polish singer [[Ewa Demarczyk]] sing Baczyński poems on LP "[[Wiersze wojenne]]" (eng. "War Poems") <ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPjxeuY2vGg Ewa Demarczyk sing Baczyński war poems]</ref>
* In 1965, Polish singer [[Ewa Demarczyk]] sings Baczyński poems on LP "Wiersze wojenne" (eng. "War Poems") <ref>{{YouTube|uPjxeuY2vGg|Ewa Demarczyk sing Baczyński war poems}}</ref>
* 1990 [[Jacek Kaczmarski]]: Kosmopolak – "Barykada (Śmierć Baczyńskiego)",
* 1990 [[Jacek Kaczmarski]]: Kosmopolak – "Barykada (Śmierć Baczyńskiego)",
* 1991 [[Grzegorz Turnau]]: Naprawdę nie dzieje się nic,
* 1991 [[Grzegorz Turnau]]: Naprawdę nie dzieje się nic,
* 2005 [[Lao Che (band)|Lao Che]]: Powstanie Warszawskie – "Godzina W"
* 2005 [[Lao Che (band)|Lao Che]]: Powstanie Warszawskie – "Godzina W"
* 2007 Zbigniew Hołdys: - Pocałunek
* 2007 Zbigniew Hołdys: - Pocałunek
* 2012 Tadek (FIRMA) - Elegia o chłopcu polskim
* The 2013 film "Baczyński"
* 2020 "Astronomia Poety. Baczyński." − Album by Kwadrofonik and Mela Koteluk
* 2021 Jacob George Scyther - "Pomarańczowy Ogór"
*2022 sanah - Baczyński (pisz do mnie listy)


==Published works==
==Published works==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński}}
{{commons category|Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński}}
* [http://culture.pl/en/artist/krzysztof-kamil-baczynski Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński] at Culture.pl
* [http://falcon.tamucc.edu/~sencerz/baczynski.htm English translations of some of Baczyński's poems]
* [https://poezja.org/wz/Baczy%C5%84ski_Krzysztof_Kamil/ Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński]'s poems at poezja.org
* [http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~sarmatia/404/242bacz.html other poems 1]
* [https://krzysztofkamilbaczynski.pl Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński] biography and poems
* [http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~sarmatia/995/translation.html other poems 2]
* {{Find a Grave}}
* [http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~sarmatia/998/baczynski.html other poems 3]
* [http://home.roadrunner.com/~polishlit/20.html#bacz Polish Literature in English Translation: Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński]


{{Armia Krajowa}}
{{Armia Krajowa}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=68957459}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Baczynski, Krzysztof Kamil
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Polish writer
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 22, 1921
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]
| DATE OF DEATH = August 4, 1944
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baczynski, Krzysztof Kamil}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baczynski, Krzysztof Kamil}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:Armia Krajowa members]]
[[Category:Warsaw Uprising insurgents]]
⚫
[[Category:Writers from Warsaw]]
⚫
[[Category:Home Army members]]
[[Category:Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Armia Krajowa Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Armia Krajowa Cross]]
⚫
[[Category:Writers from Warsaw]]
⚫
[[Category:Polish poets]]
[[Category:Polish Scouts and Guides]]
[[Category:Polish Scouts and Guides]]
[[Category:Polish socialists]]
[[Category:Polish socialists]]
[[Category:Polish people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Polish people of Jewish descent]]
⚫
[[Category:Polish writers]]
[[Category:Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:University of Warsaw alumni]]
[[Category:University of Warsaw alumni]]
[[Category:Warsaw Uprising insurgents]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish poets]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century Polish male writers]]
[[Category:Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust]]
[[Category:Polish civilians killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Poland]]

Latest revision as of 14:08, 2 December 2024

Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński
Baczyński during the Second World War
Nickname(s)Krzyś
Born(1922-01-22)22 January 1922
Warsaw, Second Polish Republic
Died4 August 1944(1944-08-04) (aged 22)
Warsaw, General Government
Buried
Powązki Military Cemetery
AllegianceHome Army
Service / branchGrey Ranks
Rank Starszy szeregowy (Private first class)
UnitParasol Battalion
Battles / warsWarsaw Uprising
Awards Commander's Cross of Polonia Restituta
Cross of the Home Army
Medal for Warsaw 1939–1945
Other workpoet
Signature

Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf ˈkamil baˈt͡ʂɨɲskʲi]; nom de guerre: Jan Bugaj; 22 January 1921 – 4 August 1944) was a Polish poet and Home Army soldier, one of the most well known of the Generation of Columbuses, the young generation of Polish poets, of whom several perished in the Warsaw Uprising and during the German occupation of Poland.

Biography

[edit]
Stone tablet marking the place of death of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński
Stone tablet of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński in the Warsaw Uprising Museum

Baczyński was born in Warsaw into the family of renowned literary critic and soldier of the Polish Legions in World War I, Stanisław Baczyński and school teacher Stefania Zieleńczyk (Yiddish: זיעלענצזיק). His mother was a zealous Catholic but with Jewish roots, and as such was treated by the Germans as Jewish. His uncle, Dr. Adam Zieleńczyk, escaped from the Warsaw Ghetto and was killed by Germans in 1943.[1]

Baczynski was baptized on 7 September 1922 in Warsaw. As a child, he suffered from asthma, his heart was very weak and he was in constant threat of tuberculosis. In 1933, he began education at Gimnazjum i Liceum im. Stefana Batorego, he graduated in May 1939. In his class there were future heroes of the Szare Szeregi - Jan Bytnar (Rudy) and Tadeusz Zawadzki (Zośka). Baczynski debuted as a poet some time in 1938 in Strzała - a magazine published by the Organization of Socialist Youth Spartakus, to which he belonged himself. After graduation, he wished to continue his education at Warsaw's Academy of Fine Arts, but the outbreak of World War II ended these plans.

During the German and Soviet (until 1941) occupation of Poland, he continued to work with the left-wing underground press, most notably with the "Płomienie" (Flames) and "Droga" (Way) magazines. At the same time he was a student of Polish language at the secret underground Warsaw University and the Armia Krajowa's "Agricola" NCOs School. He took up several jobs, and in 1943 joined Batalion Zośka, after which he gave up studies, committing himself to the Polish resistance activities. In his apartment, he hid several pieces of weaponry, including submachine guns and grenades.

On 3rd June 1942, he married Barbara Drapczyńska, a university colleague. The marriage resulted in a set of erotica written by Baczyński, reputedly one of the most notable in the Polish language. In 1942, he gave his wife a hand-made volume of poetry In Purest Sorrow as a wedding gift.[2] Shortly before the Warsaw Uprising Baczyński gave a copy of all his poems to one of his friends, to hide in Żoliborz. Because of that, they survived the war.

As a member of Scouting Assault Groups (Harcerskie Grupy Szturmowe), Baczyński took part in many sabotage actions throughout the occupation. One of them was derailment of a German military train in August 1944, which resulted in a 26-hour delay of traffic on the strategic connection Warsaw-Białystok.

After the Warsaw Uprising broke out, he joined the "Parasol" battalion. He was killed in action by a German sniper at approximately 4pm on 4 August 1944 in the Blanka Palace in the Warsaw Old Town. He is buried in the Powązki Military Cemetery, together with his pregnant wife, who was killed on 1 September 1944. He was posthumously awarded the Armia Krajowa Cross and in 1947 the Medal for Warsaw 1939-1945 (pl).

In his poems and short novels, Baczyński demonstrated both romantic traditions and catastrophism. His poems depict the brutality of war, and suggest that love is the only force that can effectively defend a human being against it. His talent was highly appreciated by his contemporaries, Stanisław Pigon, upon hearing news of Baczynski joining the Szare Szeregi, said to Kazimierz Wyka: We belong to a nation, whose fate is to shoot at the enemy with diamonds.

Baczyński in Polish culture

[edit]
  • The 1984 film The Fourth Day (Dzień czwarty) tells the story of the last four days of his life.
  • In 1965, Polish singer Ewa Demarczyk sings Baczyński poems on LP "Wiersze wojenne" (eng. "War Poems") [3]
  • 1990 Jacek Kaczmarski: Kosmopolak – "Barykada (Śmierć Baczyńskiego)",
  • 1991 Grzegorz Turnau: Naprawdę nie dzieje się nic,
  • 2005 Lao Che: Powstanie Warszawskie – "Godzina W"
  • 2007 Zbigniew Hołdys: - Pocałunek
  • 2012 Tadek (FIRMA) - Elegia o chłopcu polskim
  • The 2013 film "Baczyński"
  • 2020 "Astronomia Poety. Baczyński." − Album by Kwadrofonik and Mela Koteluk
  • 2021 Jacob George Scyther - "Pomarańczowy Ogór"
  • 2022 sanah - Baczyński (pisz do mnie listy)

Published works

[edit]
  • White Magic and Other Poems trans. by Bill Johnston (Los Angeles: Green Integer, 2005).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Magdalena Grochowska Wezwani by umrzeć, Gazeta Wyborcza, 6 August 2004
  2. ^ Makowski, Tomasz; Sapała, Patryk, eds. (2024). The Palace of the Commonwealth. Three times opened. Treasures from the National Library of Poland at the Palace of the Commonwealth. Warsaw: National Library of Poland. p. 193.
  3. ^ Ewa Demarczyk sing Baczyński war poems on YouTube

Levine, Madeline G. Contemporary Polish Poetry, 1925-1975 (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1981).

Further reading

[edit]
  • Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, Hanna (1961). Bunt wspomnień. Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
[edit]
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