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{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| name = Preventing Sex Trafficking and Improving Opportunities for Youth in Foster Care Act
| fullname = To prevent and address sex trafficking of youth in foster care
| acts amended =
| title amended =
| sections created =
| sections amended =
| leghisturl = https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4058
| introducedin = House
| introducedbill =
| introducedby = [[David Reichert]]([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]–[[Washington (state)|WA]]) and [[Lloyd Doggett]]([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[Texas|TX]]
| introduceddate = February 14, 2014
}}
The '''Preventing Sex Trafficking and Improving Opportunities for Youth in Foster Care Act''' is a bill introduced in the [[113th Congress]]. The bill would require states to take action to address the problem of [[sex trafficking]] of foster care children.<ref name=":0">[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/uploadedfiles/preventing_trafficking_summary.pdf Summary of the “Preventing Sex Trafficking and Improving Opportunities for Youth in Foster Care Act”]. House Ways and Means Committee (U.S. Congress). 2014-02-14 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>


== Major provisions ==
== Next Gen 9-1-1 Caucus ==
The '''Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus''', a [[Caucuses of the United States Congress|United States Congress caucus]],''' '''works to improve the [[9-1-1]] phone system and [[emergency response|emergency response systems]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.nena.org/?page=NextGen911Caucus "Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus"] (2014). NENA - [[National Emergency Number Association]] (Alexandria, Virginia). Retrieved February 25, 2014.</ref> The caucus is headed by Congressman [[John Shimkus]] (R-IL) and Congresswoman [[Anna Eshoo]] (D-CA).<ref name=":2">Ripon Advance Reports (2014-02-24). [http://riponadvance.com/news/fcc-backs-wireless-call-location-requirements-9-1-1-calls/6701 "FCC backs wireless call location requirements for 9-1-1 calls"]. ''Ripon Advance'' (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.</ref>
If enacted, the bill would (1) Require states to identify and report child sex trafficking victims; (2) Improve data collection; (3) Require states to create standards to give foster parents more flexibility in raising foster children; (4) Prohibit states from designating long-term foster care as the ultimate goal for children in foster care, instead attempting to place the children in permanent homes; (5) Give foster children more input in their own case plans.<ref name=":0" />


=== History ===
The bill also would require states to make sure that foster children over aged 14 have a Social Security card, birth certificate and medical records.<ref name=":2">Connelly, Joel. [http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlepolitics/2014/02/13/child-sex-trafficking-where-congress-should-work-together/ "Child sex trafficking: Where Congress should work together"]. ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'' blog, 2014-02-13 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>


== Legislative history ==
==== 2003 ====
The caucus was formed on February 25, 2003 by Senator [[Conrad Burns]] (R-MT), Senator [[Hillary Clinton]] (D-NY), Congressman Shimkus and Congresswoman Eshoo.<ref>[http://www.ng911institute.org/Home.html "About the Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus"] (2013). Next Generation 9-1-1 Institute (Washington, D.C.). Retrieved February 25, 2014.</ref> The original name of the caucus was the "Congressional E9-1-1 Caucus". It was formed to "educate lawmakers, constituents and communities about the importance of citizen-activated emergency response systems".<ref name=":1" />
The bill was originally introduced by Republican Congressman Dave Reichert of Washington and Democratic Congressman Lloyd Doggett of Texas. Fifteen additional Members of Congress signed onto the bill as original cosponsors including Congressmen [[Vern Buchanan]], [[Tim Griffin]] and [[Jim Renacci]]. <ref name=":1">[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=369942 "Reichert, Doggett, Introduce Bill to Prevent Child Sex Trafficking"] (Press release). House Ways and Committee, Chairman Dave Camp (U.S. Congress). 2014-02-14 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref><ref>[http://riponadvance.com/news/bill-prevent-child-sex-trafficking-improve-foster-care/6642 "Bill would prevent child sex trafficking, improve foster care"]. ''Ripon Advance''. 2014-02-18 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>


==== 2011 ====
On October 23, 2013, the House Human Resources Subcommittee held a hearing on sex trafficking of youth in foster care. Witnesses who testified at the hearing included members of Congress, activists for the issue, and a victim of trafficking.<ref>[http://www.c-span.org/video/?315816-1/foster-care-sex-trafficking "Foster Care and Sex Trafficking"]. [[C-SPAN]], 2013-10-23 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref> On December 20, 2013, the subcommittee wrote and publicized a draft bill.<ref name=":1" />
On February 16, 2011, the caucus was registered as an official organization for the 112th Congress.<ref name=":1">[http://www.e911institute.org/nextgen911caucus2011.html "E9-1-1 Institute"] (2003). E9-1-1 Institute (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.</ref> The name was changed to the NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus.<ref name=":0" />


=== Members ===
The [[American Bar Association]], [[American Public Human Services Association]], and National Indian Child Welfare Association responded to the subcommittee's request for public comments with suggestions to improve the bill.<ref>[http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/uncategorized/GAO/2014jan15_sextraffickingh_l.authcheckdam.pdf Letter to Chairman Camp and Ranking Member Levin]. American Bar Association. 2014-01-16 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref><ref>[http://www.aphsa.org/content/dam/aphsa/pdfs/Actions/Comment%20Letters/APHSA%20Response%20to%20Ways%20and%20Means%20Draft%20Proposal.pdf Letter to Members of the Ways and Means Committee]. American Public Human Services Association. 2014-01-17 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref><ref>[http://www.nicwa.org/government/documents/NICWACommentsPreventingChildSexTraffickingAct.pdf Comments regarding House Ways and Means Committee draft legislation addressing child sex trafficking and other child welfare purposes]. National Indian Child Welfare Association, 2014-01-17 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>
The E9-1-1 Institute lists the following caucus members for the 112th Congress:<ref name=":1" />


==== House members ====
Similar bills were introduced in Congress in 2013:
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* S. 1118: Child Sex Trafficking Data and Response Act of 2013 introduced by Senators [[Ron Wyden]] and [[Rob Portman]].<ref>[http://www.wyden.senate.gov/download/?id=e495e784-6ebc-426c-b88d-205f0e498ec9 The Child Sex Trafficking Data and Response Act of 2013]. Office of U.S. Senator Ron Wyden (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s1118 S. 1118: Child Sex Trafficking Data and Response Act of 2013]. GovTrack. 113th Congress, 2013–2015 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>
* Joe Baca (D-CA)
* S. 1870: Supporting At-Risk Children Act introduced by Senator [[Max Baucus]]<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s1870 S. 1870: Supporting At-Risk Children Act]. GovTrack. 113th Congress, 2013–2015 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>
* Rick Berg (R-ND)
* S. 1518: Improving Outcomes for Youth At Risk for Sex Trafficking Act of 2013 introduced by Senator [[Orrin Hatch]]<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/s1518/text S. 1518: Improving Outcomes for Youth At Risk for Sex Trafficking Act of 2013]. GovTrack. 113th Congress, 2013–2015 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>, parts of which were included in the Supporting At-Risk Children Act<ref>[http://riponadvance.com/news/hatch-praises-bill-protecting-risk-children/5934 "Hatch praises bill protecting at-risk children"]. ''Ripon Advance'', 2013-12-17 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>
* Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)
== [[Prostitution]] link ==
* Jo Bonner (R-AL)
Some media coverage of the bill highlighted the link between sex trafficking victims and prostitution. For example, in its coverage of the bill, the Sky Valley Chronicle, an online newspaper covering East Snohomish County, Washington, said that sex trafficking has reached "epidemic levels" in certain areas of the world, and that anyone engaged in prostitution under age 18 in the U.S. is considered a victim of sex trafficking.<ref>[http://www.skyvalleychronicle.com/BREAKING-NEWS/CONGRESSMAN-DAVE-REICHERT-TO-ANNOUNCE-NEW-LEGISLATION-TO-COMBAT-SEX-TRAFFICKING-1635932 "Congressman Dave Reichert to Announce New Legislation to Combat Sex Trafficking"]. Sky Valley Chronicle, 2014-02-13 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>
* Dan Boren (D-OK)

* Madeleine Bordallo (D-GU) 
In a blog post, the ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'' wrote, "The legislation is an implicit admission that a lot of the prostitution enforcement that [Congressman] Reichert used to do with the King County Sheriffs Office was misguided."<ref name=":2" />
* Vern Buchanan (R-FL) 
* Michael Burgess (R-TX)
* Howard Coble (R-NC)
* Jim Cooper (D-TN)
* Jerry Costello (D-IL)
* Joe Courtney (D-CT)
* Peter DeFazio (D-OR)
* Lloyd Doggett (D-TX)
* John J. Duncan, Jr. (R-TN)
* Eliot Engel (D-NY) 
* Anna Eshoo (D-CA)
* Cory Gardner (R-CO)
* Kay Granger (R-TX)
* Gene Green (D-TX)
* Raul M. Grijalva (D-AZ)
* Alcee Hastings (D-FL)
* Wally Herger (R-CA)
* Mazie K. Hirono (D-HI)
* Mike Honda (D-CA)
* Darrell Issa (R-CA)
* Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D-IL)
* Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX)
* Timothy V. Johnson (R-IL)
* Walter Jones (R-NC)
* Ron Kind (D-WI)
* Adam Kinzinger (R-IL)
* Rick Larsen (D-WA)
* John B. Larson (D-CT)
* Steven LaTourette (R-OH)
* Zoe Lofgren (D-CA)
* Don Manzullo (R-IL)
* Carolyn McCarthy (D-NY)
* James McGovern (D-MA)
* Patrick HcHenry (R-NC)
* Mike McIntyre (D-NC)
* Brad Miller (D-NC)
* George Miller (D-CA)
* Jeff Miller (R-FL)
* Sue Myrick (R-NC)
* Ed Perlmutter (D-CO)
* David Price (D-NC)
* Nick Rahall (D-WV)
* Mike Rogers (R-AL)
* Dutch Ruppersberger (D-MD)
* Loretta Sanchez (D-CA)
* Bobby Schilling (R-IL)
* John Shimkus (R-IL)
* Aaron Schock (R-IL)
* Heath Shuler (D-NC)
* Louise Slaughter (D-NY)
* Lee Terry (R-NE)
* Mike Thompson (D-CA)
* Patrick J.Tiberi (R-OH)
* Henry Waxman (D-CA)
* Joe Wilson (R-SC)
}}
==== Senate members ====
* Daniel Akaka (D-HI)
* Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
* Kent Conrad (D-ND)
* Richard Durbin (D-IL)
* Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
* Kay Hagan (D-NC)
* John Hoeven (R-ND)
* Daniel Inouye (D-HI)
* Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ)
* Patty Murray (D-WA)
* Olympia Snowe (R-ME)
=== Legislative Activity ===
In 2012, Co-Chairs Shimkus and Eshoo announced that a caucus-supported bill, the Next Generation 9-1-1 Advancement Act (HR 2629), was included in the [[tax holiday|payroll tax holiday]] legislation that was passed by Congress. The bill, as passed in the larger tax bill, provided matching grants to organizations to support 9-1-1- call centers being able to receive voice, text, image, and video data.<ref>(2012-02-17). [http://shimkus.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressional-nextgen-9-1-1-caucus-celebrates "Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus Celebrates"] (Press release). Office of Congressman John Shimkus (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.</ref>


=== Regulatory Activity ===
Seattle's local CBS TV station, [[KIRO-TV|KIRO]], noted in an article on its website that Reichert was a detective during the murder spree of "Green River killer" Gary Ridgway, and that many of the victims were prostitutes and runaways.<ref>Clancy, Amy. [http://www.kirotv.com/news/news/congressman-reichert-proposing-bill-end-sex-traffi/ndNsg/ "Congressman Reichert proposing bill to end sex trafficking of foster children"]. KIRO-TV CBS station, 2014-02-13 (Retrieved 2014-02-19)</ref>
In February 2014, the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) supported a proposal that would create standards requiring [[Wireless provider|wireless providers]] to give information about a caller's location to public safety personnel. The caucus, through Co-Chair Shimkus, supported the proposal.<ref name=":2" />


== Further reading ==
=== NG9-1-1- Institute ===
The NG9-1-1 Institute is a non-profit organization located at 317 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, DC, whose mission it is to provide support (administrative and policy-related) to the caucus.<ref>[http://www.ng911institute.org/ "NG9-1-1 Institute - Advancing 9-1-1 Services Nationwide"]. NG9-1-1 Institute. Retrieved 2014-02-25.</ref><ref>[https://www.facebook.com/NG911Institute/info "NG9-1-1 Institute"]. NG9-1-1 Institute Facebook page. Retrieved 2014-02-25.</ref> Every year, the institute gives awards to people and groups for contributions to improving 9-1-1 services.<ref>Nordby, Charlotte (2013-01-04). [http://ohioapco.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/911institute_nominations_2012.pdf "Next Gen 9-1-1 Institute Accepting Nominations"] (Press release). NG9-1-1 Institute. Retrieved 2014-02-25.</ref><ref>(2011-03-30) [http://www.theindustrycouncil.org/news/pr033011.cfm "9-1-1 Industry Alliance Past Chairman and Co-Founder and President of Intrado Honored as 9-1-1 Industry Leader"]. Industry Council for Emergency Response Technologies (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.</ref>
* Academic articles:
** Fong, Rowena; Cardoso, Jodi Berger. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718909000640 "Child human trafficking victims: Challenges for the child welfare system"]. ''Evaluation and Program Planning'' (August 2010)
** McClain, Natalie; Garrity, Stacy. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01221.x/abstract;jsessionid=6F4BE6CEECD261DC1EAAC5116AE4D93F.f04t02?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false "Sex Trafficking and the Exploitation of Adolescents"]. ''Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing'', Volume 40, Issue 2, p. 243-252 (March/April 2011)
** Bump, Micah; Duncan, Julianne; Gozdziak, Elzbieta; MacDonnell, Margaret. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00322.x/abstract "Second Conference on Identifying and Serving Child Victims of Trafficking"], International Migration, Volume 43, Issue 1-2 (January 2005)
* Agencies and organizations
** [http://www.amberalert.gov/ AMBER Alert]
** [http://www.childquest.org/ Child Quest International]
** [https://www.childwelfare.gov/ Child Welfare Information Gateway]
** [http://www.youthlaw.org/ National Center for Youth Law]
** [http://www.missingkids.com/home National Center for Missing and Exploited Children]
** [http://www.pollyklaas.org/ Polly Klaas Foundation]
* Congressional hearings
** [http://www.missingkids.com/Testimony/10-23-13 "Protecting Vulnerable Children: Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care"] (Testimony submitted by [[National Center for Missing and Exploited Children]])
** [http://www.c-span.org/video/?315816-1/foster-care-sex-trafficking Video of House Subcommittee on Human Resources hearing on sex trafficking] (C-SPAN), October 2013
* Fact sheets
** [http://www.casre.org/our_children/fcht/ Fact Sheet: Foster Care and Human Trafficking] (CAS Research and Education)
** [http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking.html?ref=menuside Human Trafficking] ([[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]])
* Legislation information:
** [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4058 H.R. 4058 bill tracking] ([[GovTrack]])
** [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d113:hr4058 Bill summary and status (THOMAS)]


==References==
== References ==
<references />
{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 15:02, 24 April 2021

Next Gen 9-1-1 Caucus

[edit]

The Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus, a United States Congress caucus, works to improve the 9-1-1 phone system and emergency response systems.[1] The caucus is headed by Congressman John Shimkus (R-IL) and Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D-CA).[2]

History

[edit]

2003

[edit]

The caucus was formed on February 25, 2003 by Senator Conrad Burns (R-MT), Senator Hillary Clinton (D-NY), Congressman Shimkus and Congresswoman Eshoo.[3] The original name of the caucus was the "Congressional E9-1-1 Caucus". It was formed to "educate lawmakers, constituents and communities about the importance of citizen-activated emergency response systems".[4]

2011

[edit]

On February 16, 2011, the caucus was registered as an official organization for the 112th Congress.[4] The name was changed to the NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus.[1]

Members

[edit]

The E9-1-1 Institute lists the following caucus members for the 112th Congress:[4]

House members

[edit]
  • Joe Baca (D-CA)
  • Rick Berg (R-ND)
  • Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)
  • Jo Bonner (R-AL)
  • Dan Boren (D-OK)
  • Madeleine Bordallo (D-GU) 
  • Vern Buchanan (R-FL) 
  • Michael Burgess (R-TX)
  • Howard Coble (R-NC)
  • Jim Cooper (D-TN)
  • Jerry Costello (D-IL)
  • Joe Courtney (D-CT)
  • Peter DeFazio (D-OR)
  • Lloyd Doggett (D-TX)
  • John J. Duncan, Jr. (R-TN)
  • Eliot Engel (D-NY) 
  • Anna Eshoo (D-CA)
  • Cory Gardner (R-CO)
  • Kay Granger (R-TX)
  • Gene Green (D-TX)
  • Raul M. Grijalva (D-AZ)
  • Alcee Hastings (D-FL)
  • Wally Herger (R-CA)
  • Mazie K. Hirono (D-HI)
  • Mike Honda (D-CA)
  • Darrell Issa (R-CA)
  • Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D-IL)
  • Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX)
  • Timothy V. Johnson (R-IL)
  • Walter Jones (R-NC)
  • Ron Kind (D-WI)
  • Adam Kinzinger (R-IL)
  • Rick Larsen (D-WA)
  • John B. Larson (D-CT)
  • Steven LaTourette (R-OH)
  • Zoe Lofgren (D-CA)
  • Don Manzullo (R-IL)
  • Carolyn McCarthy (D-NY)
  • James McGovern (D-MA)
  • Patrick HcHenry (R-NC)
  • Mike McIntyre (D-NC)
  • Brad Miller (D-NC)
  • George Miller (D-CA)
  • Jeff Miller (R-FL)
  • Sue Myrick (R-NC)
  • Ed Perlmutter (D-CO)
  • David Price (D-NC)
  • Nick Rahall (D-WV)
  • Mike Rogers (R-AL)
  • Dutch Ruppersberger (D-MD)
  • Loretta Sanchez (D-CA)
  • Bobby Schilling (R-IL)
  • John Shimkus (R-IL)
  • Aaron Schock (R-IL)
  • Heath Shuler (D-NC)
  • Louise Slaughter (D-NY)
  • Lee Terry (R-NE)
  • Mike Thompson (D-CA)
  • Patrick J.Tiberi (R-OH)
  • Henry Waxman (D-CA)
  • Joe Wilson (R-SC)

Senate members

[edit]
  • Daniel Akaka (D-HI)
  • Barbara Boxer (D-CA)
  • Kent Conrad (D-ND)
  • Richard Durbin (D-IL)
  • Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)
  • Kay Hagan (D-NC)
  • John Hoeven (R-ND)
  • Daniel Inouye (D-HI)
  • Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ)
  • Patty Murray (D-WA)
  • Olympia Snowe (R-ME)

Legislative Activity

[edit]

In 2012, Co-Chairs Shimkus and Eshoo announced that a caucus-supported bill, the Next Generation 9-1-1 Advancement Act (HR 2629), was included in the payroll tax holiday legislation that was passed by Congress. The bill, as passed in the larger tax bill, provided matching grants to organizations to support 9-1-1- call centers being able to receive voice, text, image, and video data.[5]

Regulatory Activity

[edit]

In February 2014, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) supported a proposal that would create standards requiring wireless providers to give information about a caller's location to public safety personnel. The caucus, through Co-Chair Shimkus, supported the proposal.[2]

NG9-1-1- Institute

[edit]

The NG9-1-1 Institute is a non-profit organization located at 317 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, DC, whose mission it is to provide support (administrative and policy-related) to the caucus.[6][7] Every year, the institute gives awards to people and groups for contributions to improving 9-1-1 services.[8][9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus" (2014). NENA - National Emergency Number Association (Alexandria, Virginia). Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Ripon Advance Reports (2014-02-24). "FCC backs wireless call location requirements for 9-1-1 calls". Ripon Advance (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  3. ^ "About the Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus" (2013). Next Generation 9-1-1 Institute (Washington, D.C.). Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c "E9-1-1 Institute" (2003). E9-1-1 Institute (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  5. ^ (2012-02-17). "Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus Celebrates" (Press release). Office of Congressman John Shimkus (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  6. ^ "NG9-1-1 Institute - Advancing 9-1-1 Services Nationwide". NG9-1-1 Institute. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  7. ^ "NG9-1-1 Institute". NG9-1-1 Institute Facebook page. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  8. ^ Nordby, Charlotte (2013-01-04). "Next Gen 9-1-1 Institute Accepting Nominations" (Press release). NG9-1-1 Institute. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  9. ^ (2011-03-30) "9-1-1 Industry Alliance Past Chairman and Co-Founder and President of Intrado Honored as 9-1-1 Industry Leader". Industry Council for Emergency Response Technologies (Washington, DC). Retrieved 2014-02-25.
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