Republic of New Granada: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1831–1858 state in South America}} |
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{{unreferenced|date=January 2014}} |
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{{No footnotes|date=May 2024}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox country |
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|native_name = República de la Nueva Granada |
| native_name = {{native name|es|República de la Nueva Granada}} |
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| conventional_long_name= Republic of New Granada |
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| common_name = New Granada |
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|s1 = Granadine Confederation |
| s1 = Granadine Confederation |
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|p1 = Greater Colombia |
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|flag_s1 = Flag of New Granada.svg |
| flag_s1 = Flag of New Granada.svg |
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|flag_p1 =Flag_of_the_Gran_Colombia_(1819-1820).svg |
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| flag_p1 = Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg |
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|continent = South America |
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|country = Colombia, Panama |
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| title_leader = [[President of Colombia|President]] |
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|leader1 = [[Domingo Caycedo]] |
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|year_leader1 = 1831 |
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|leader2 = [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]] |
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|date_start = October 20 |
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|year_leader2 = 1857–1858 |
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|event_end = Constitutional Change |
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| event_start = |
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| year_start = 1831 |
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| date_start = 20 October |
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| event_end = Constitutional Change |
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| year_end = 1858 |
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| date_end = 11 April |
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| event1 = [[Bill of rights]]<sup>1</sup> |
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| date_event1 = 1853 |
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| flag = Flag of Colombia |
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| image_flag = Flag of New Granada.svg |
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| symbol = Coat of arms of Colombia |
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| image_map = New Granada (orthographic projection).svg |
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| capital = [[Bogotá|Santa Fé de Bogotá]] |
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|today = {{flag|Brazil}} <br /> {{flag|Colombia}}<br /> {{flag|Costa Rica}} <br /> {{flag|Ecuador}} <br /> {{flag|Nicaragua}} <br /> {{flag|Panama}}<br /> {{flag|Peru}} <br /> {{flag|Venezuela}} |
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| religion = [[Roman Catholicism]] |
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| demonym = {{hlist|New Granadian|Granadine}} |
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| area_km2 = 1,331,250 |
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| stat_pop1 = 2,243,730 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{History of Colombia}} |
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==Colombian Constitution of 1832== |
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⚫ | The '''Republic of New Granada''' was a [[Centralism|centralist]] [[unitary republic]] consisting primarily of present-day [[Colombia]] and [[Panama]] with smaller portions of today's [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]], [[Venezuela]], [[Peru]] and [[Brazil]] that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of [[Great Colombia]] in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the [[Granadine Confederation]]. |
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On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the [[Gran Colombia]]n colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white. |
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== History == |
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New Granada was transformed in 1858 to the [[Granadine Confederation]] as an answer to demands for a decentralized country. |
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The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states. |
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⚫ | In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the [[War of the Supremes]], which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850. |
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In 1851 a [[Colombian Civil War of 1851|Civil war took place]], which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President [[José Hilario López]], which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty. |
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As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by [[Julio Arboleda]], Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president [[José Hilario López]], in an attempt to prevent [[emancipation]] of disenfranchised groups and abolition of [[slavery]], in addition to a number of religious issues. |
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In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was [[Colombian Civil War of 1854|another civil war]] under the dictatorship of General [[José María Melo]]. In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera]] sparked a new [[Colombian Civil War (1860–1862)|three-year civil war in 1860]]. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the [[Granadine Confederation]] in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country. |
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==Provinces== |
==Provinces== |
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{{main|Provinces of the Republic of New Granada}} |
{{main|Provinces of the Republic of New Granada}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Colombia]] |
*[[Gran Colombia]] |
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== Sources == |
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* [https://iemarcofidelsuarezpasto.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/GUIA-9-COLOMBIA-1830-%E2%80%93-1858.-CICLO-4-SOC.-DANILO.pdf INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA MUNICIPAL MARCO FIDEL SUAREZ] |
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* [https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/4/1972/56.pdf UNAM] |
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* [http://www.cosmovisions.com/ChronoColombie1902.htm Histoire de la Colombie de 1831 à 1861] |
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* [https://www.ecured.cu/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Nueva_Granada Ecured] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{coord|4|39|N|74|3|W|source:eswiki_region:CO_type:country|display=title}} |
{{coord|4|39|N|74|3|W|source:eswiki_region:CO_type:country|display=title}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:New Granada, Republic of}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:New Granada, Republic of}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Republic of New Granada| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1831 establishments in the Republic of New Granada]] |
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[[Category:1858 disestablishments in the Republic of New Granada]] |
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1831]] |
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{{Colombia-geo-stub}} |
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[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1858]] |
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{{SouthAm-hist-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 06:49, 2 November 2024
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (May 2024) |
Republic of New Granada República de la Nueva Granada (Spanish) | |||||||||
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1831–1858 | |||||||||
Motto: Libertad y Orden (English: Liberty and Order) | |||||||||
Capital | Santa Fé de Bogotá | ||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||
Demonym(s) |
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Government | Presidential republic | ||||||||
President | |||||||||
• 1831 | Domingo Caycedo | ||||||||
• 1857–1858 | Mariano Ospina Rodríguez | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 20 October 1831 | ||||||||
1853 | |||||||||
• Constitutional Change | 11 April 1858 | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
• Total | 1,331,250 km2 (514,000 sq mi) | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1851 | 2,243,730 | ||||||||
Currency | Peso | ||||||||
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History of Colombia | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Timeline | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Colombia portal | ||||||||||||||||||||
The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
History
[edit]The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.
In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the War of the Supremes, which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.
In 1851 a Civil war took place, which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President José Hilario López, which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty. As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by Julio Arboleda, Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president José Hilario López, in an attempt to prevent emancipation of disenfranchised groups and abolition of slavery, in addition to a number of religious issues.
In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was another civil war under the dictatorship of General José María Melo. In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera sparked a new three-year civil war in 1860. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the Granadine Confederation in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.
Provinces
[edit]The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.
The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.