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{{Short description|Type of hat}}
{{For|the hat sometimes known as a "flat cap" or a "flatcap"|Baseball cap#Snapback (hat)}}
{{Distinguish|Newsboy cap}}
{{multiple issues|
{{multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
{{original research|date=December 2012}}
{{original research|date=December 2012}}
}}
}}
[[File:Jason at golf.jpg|thumb|right|Woollen flat cap worn by actor [[Jason Isaacs]] (2005)]]


A '''flat cap''' is a rounded [[cap]] with a small stiff brim in front, originating in [[Northern England]]. The hat is also known in [[Ireland]] as a '''paddy cap'''; in [[Scotland]] as a '''bunnet'''; in [[Wales]] as a '''Dai cap'''; and in the [[United States]] as an '''English cap''' or '''Irish cap'''. Various other terms exist (scally cap,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scally Origins {{!}} Boston Scally Co. {{!}} Caps & Hoodies |url=https://www.bostonscally.com/pages/origins-scally |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Boston Scally |language=en}}</ref> cabbie cap, driver cap, [[golf]] cap,<ref>[https://blog.tenthstreethats.com/posts/golf-hat# 7 Gotta-Have Golf Hats for Tee Time]. Retrieved June 10, 2023</ref> longshoreman cap, ivy cap, train engineer cap, sixpence, etc.) Flat caps are usually made of [[Tweed (cloth)|tweed]], plain [[wool]], or [[cotton]], while some are made using [[leather]], [[linen]], or [[corduroy]]. The inside of the cap is commonly lined for comfort and warmth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Factories, Farms and Financial Success - A history of the Flat Cap |url=https://www.sirgordonbennett.com/gordons-bugle/history-of-flat-cap/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Sir Gordon Bennett |language=en-GB}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Flat-cap.jpg|thumb|right|Flat cap, side view, [[herringbone pattern]] ]]

A '''flat cap''', also known as a '''Paddy cap''', '''longshoreman's cap''', '''scally cap''', '''Wigens cap''', '''ivy cap''', '''golf cap''', '''driving cap''', '''Jeff cap''', or in Scotland, '''bunnet''', or in Wales, '''Dai cap''', or in New Zealand, '''cheese-cutter''', is a rounded men's or women's [[cap]] with a small stiff brim in front. Cloths used to make the cap include wool, [[Tweed (cloth)|tweed]] (most common), and cotton. Less common materials may include [[leather]], linen or [[corduroy]]. The inside of the cap is commonly lined for comfort and warmth.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Batschkapp fcm.jpg|thumb|right|Woollen flat cap]]
[[File:Batschkapp (fcm).jpg|thumb|right|Woolen flat cap]]
⚫
[[File:Flat-cap.jpg|thumb|right|Flat cap, side view, [[herringbone pattern]] ]]
The style can be traced back to the 14th century in [[Northern England]] and parts of [[Southern Italy]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}}, when it was more likely to be called a "[[Bonnet (headgear)|bonnet]]", which term was replaced by "cap" before about 1700,<ref>[[OED]], "Bonnet"</ref> except in [[Scotland]], where it continues to be referred to as a "bunnet".<ref name=CSD>{{cite book|title=The Concise Scots Dictionary|publisher=Aberdeen University Press|isbn=0-08-028491-4|pages=53|editor=Mairi Robinson}}</ref> When English and Irish immigrants went to the United States, they took the flat cap with them.
The style can be traced back to the 16th century in Northern England, when it was more likely to be called a "[[Bonnet (headgear)|bonnet]]". This term was replaced by "cap" before about 1700,<ref>{{cite OED|Bonnet}}</ref> except in [[Scotland]], where it continues to be referred to as a ''bunnet'' in [[Scots language|Scots]].<ref name=CSD>{{cite book|title=The Concise Scots Dictionary|year=1985 |publisher=Aberdeen University Press|isbn=0-08-028491-4|page=53|editor=Mairi Robinson}}</ref>


A 1571 Act of Parliament to stimulate domestic wool consumption and general trade decreed that on Sundays and holidays, all males over 6 years of age, except for the nobility and "persons of degree", were to wear woollen caps on pain of a fine of three [[Farthing (English coin)|farthing]]s (3/4 (pence) per day. The Bill was not repealed until 1597, though by this time, the flat cap had become firmly entrenched as a recognised mark of a non-noble subject, such as a [[bourgeoisie|burgher]], a [[tradesman]] or an [[apprentice]]. The style gave rise to the [[Tudor bonnet]] still used in some styles of [[academic dress]].
A 1571 Act of the [[Kingdom of England|English Parliament]] was enacted to stimulate domestic wool consumption and general trade. It decreed that on Sundays and holidays, all males over 6 years of age, except for the nobility and "persons of degree", were to wear woolen caps or pay a fine of three [[Farthing (English coin)|farthing]]s per day <!--0.75d / 240 = 0.3125p = £0.003125 -->({{Inflation|UK|0.003125|1571|r=2|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}).<ref name=Independent>{{cite news|title=Minor British Institutions: The flat cap |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/minor-british-institutions-the-flat-cap-1926708.html |last=O'Grady|first=Sean|work=The Independent|date=27 March 2010|access-date=2017-07-24}}</ref> The Act was not repealed until 1597, though by then the flat cap had become firmly entrenched as a recognised mark of a non-noble person{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}, such as a [[bourgeoisie|burgher]], a [[tradesman]], or an [[apprentice]].{{dubious|date=January 2019}} The style may have been the same as the [[Tudor bonnet]] still used in some styles of [[academic dress]].


In the 19th and early 20th centuries, when men predominantly wore some form of headgear, flat caps were commonly worn throughout Britain and Ireland. Versions in finer cloth were also considered to be suitable casual countryside wear for upper-class English men (hence the contemporary alternative name ''golf cap''). Flat caps were worn by fashionable young men in the 1920s. Boys of all classes in the [[United Kingdom]] wore flat caps during this period.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, when men predominantly wore some form of headgear, flat caps were commonly worn throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Versions in finer cloth were also considered to be suitable casual countryside wear for upper-class Englishmen. Flat caps were worn by fashionable young men in the 1920s. Boys of all classes in the United Kingdom wore caps during this period; a peaked school cap of prescribed colour and design, of more rounded shape than men's flat caps, was part of the normal school uniform.<ref>{{cite web |title=English school uniform garments: headwear |author= |website=Historical Boys' Clothing |date=9 October 2017 |url= https://www.histclo.com/schun/country/eng/gar/head/esu-head.html}}</ref>


The flat cap made its way to southern Italy in the late 1800s, likely brought by British servicemen. In Turkey, the flat cap became the main headgear for men after it became a replacement for the [[Fez (hat)|fez]], which was banned by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] in 1925.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
In the United States the caps were worn from the 1890s. The cap grew in popularity at the turn of the 20th century and were at the time standard boys' wear. They were worn to school, for casual wear, and with suits. Flats caps were almost always worn with knicker suits in the 1910s and 20s. Both flat caps and [[Knickerbockers (clothing)|knickers]] declined in popularity during the 1930s.


In the early part of the 20th century it was worn by working class men in Spain and it became part of the traditional attire and folklore of Madrid where it is called ''{{ill|parpusa|es}}'', ''gorra madrileña'', or "Madrid Cap".
In the late 20th century and early 21st century British public figures including [[David Beckham]], [[Guy Ritchie]] and the [[Prince Charles|Prince of Wales]] wore the flat cap.<ref name=charles>{{cite web|last=PORTER|first=CHARLIE|title=If you want to get ahead, get a flat cap|url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8108321/If-you-want-to-get-ahead-get-a-flat-cap.html|publisher=Telegraph|accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>


⚫
==British popular culture==
==Academic regalia==
In [[British popular culture]], the flat cap (or "flat hat") is typically associated with Yorkshire, and more broadly, [[working-class]] men. The flat cap can also be taken to denote the [[upper class]] when affecting casualness. "A [[toff]] can be a bit of a chap as well without, as it were, losing face."<ref>Mather, Geoffrey. "Capped for England" BBC Radio 4, 2001.</ref> In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, British public figures including [[David Beckham]], [[Nigel Mansell]], [[Guy Ritchie]], [[Richard Blackwood]], and [[Charles III]] wore the flat cap.<ref>{{cite news|title=If you want to get ahead, get a flat cap|url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8108321/If-you-want-to-get-ahead-get-a-flat-cap.html|last=Porter|first=Richard|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=4 November 2016}}</ref>
{{main|Academic regalia}}
One of the flat hats worn in academia is known as a [[Bonnet (headgear)|bonnet]] or [[Tudor bonnet]] and derives directly from medieval headgear of the period of the original 1571 Bill. It remains essential ceremonial wear by members of the academic community, in many countries around the world, usually as the headgear of [[doctorate|doctoral]] [[graduates]] (PhD's). Commonly it has a soft round [[crown (headgear)|crown]] and a stiff flat [[brim (hat)|brim]]. The [[Bonnet (headgear)|bonnet]] is often made of black velvet and trimmed, between crown and brim with gold [[Rope|cord]] and [[tassels]]. Some universities opt to trim their bonnets with coloured cord and tassels.


In [[Northern England]], notable wearers include: [[Fred Dibnah]], from [[Bolton]]; comic strip [[anti-hero]] [[Andy Capp]], from [[Hartlepool]], and [[AC/DC]] vocalist [[Brian Johnson]], of [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], customarily wears a flat cap frequently on and off stage.<ref>Katie Wales (2006). ''Northern English: a cultural and social history''. p. 26. Cambridge University Press {{isbn|9781139457057}}</ref><ref>Anthony Bozza (2009). ''Why AC/DC Matters''. p.54. HarperCollins, Retrieved 30 November 2011 {{isbn|9780061804601}}</ref>
Some stylistic varieties of this bonnet include:
*the [[Canterbury cap]], a flat-topped soft cloth hat with a round headband deeper at the back than at the front;
*the Oxford bonnet, which has a black ribbon between crown and brim;
*the John Knox cap, a soft square cap made from black velvet and worn by the Doctors of certain Scottish Universities as well as Durham University in England, the University of Calgary and Queens' University in Canada. It is also worn by the holders of higher doctorates of the University of Liverpool;


In ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'', a BBC television show about a [[Peaky Blinders|former Birmingham-based gang]], characters are seen wearing [[Newsboy cap|Baker Boy Caps]], a similar style often confused for flat caps. It was thought, and adapted, that the gang had sewed-in razor blades on the peak of their flat caps for use as a weapon to blind their enemies.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2019-07-18/where-does-the-name-peaky-blinders-come-from/ | title= Where does the name Peaky Blinders come from? | last = Griffiths | first = Eleanor | date = 2019-07-19 | website = RadioTimes | publisher = Immediate Media Company Limited | access-date = 2019-11-17 | quote = "The TV series suggests that the gang are called “Peaky Blinders” because they use the razors in their hats to blind their enemies, either by slicing the blade across their victims’ eyes or by slashing up their faces so much that they are blinded by blood."}}</ref>
The other main hat is the [[academic cap]].


Usage in the [[East End of London]] is illustrated by [[Jim Branning]] of the television soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]'' and [[Del Boy|Del Boy Trotter]] of ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]''. Taxicab and bus drivers are often depicted wearing a flat cap, as comedically portrayed by Gareth Hale and Norman Pace's ([[Hale and Pace]]) "London cabbies" television sketches.
⚫
==British popular culture==
In British popular culture, the flat cap is typically associated with older [[working class]] men, especially those in [[Northern England]],<ref>Katie Wales (2006). Northern English: a cultural and social history. p.26. Cambridge University Press, 2006</ref> and the [[west country]], as personified by [[Fred Dibnah]] and comic strip [[anti-hero]] [[Andy Capp]]. The flat cap's strong connection with the working class and the [[East End of London|East End]] of London is illustrated by [[Jim Branning]] of the television programme ''[[EastEnders]]'' and [[Del-Boy Trotter]] of the programme, ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]''. Taxicab and bus drivers are often depicted wearing a flat cap, as comedically portrayed by Norman Hale and Gareth Pace's ([[Hale and Pace]]) "London cabbies" television sketches. [[AC/DC]] vocalist [[Brian Johnson]], a native of [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], customarily wears a flat cap on stage and frequently off.<ref>Anthony Bozza (2009). Why AC/DC Matters. p.54. HarperCollins, Retrieved 30 November 2011</ref>


⚫
==Current popularity==
However, the flat cap can also be taken to denote the [[upper class]] when affecting casualness. "A [[toff]] can be a bit of a chap as well without, as it were, losing face."<ref>Mather, Geoffrey. "Capped for England" BBC Radio 4, 2001.</ref>
{{refimprove|date=January 2021}}
[[File:DickBerggren.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dick Berggren]] is known for wearing a flat cap.]]
[[File:Pablo Neruda - BCN.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Chileans|Chilean]] poet [[Pablo Neruda]] was known for wearing flat caps.]]
⚫
The style has remained popular among groups of people in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and North America. The cap is sometimes associated with older men, significantly in [[South Korea]], but has been popular (along with the newsboy cap) among some segments of younger people, for example, in cities such as [[Chicago]], [[Boston]], [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Scranton]] with large [[Irish-American]] populations. It has appeared in the [[hip hop]] [[subculture]], sometimes worn back-to-front or cocked to the side. It is also very common among men and women in [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. In [[Turkey]], it is highly popular amongst men, mostly working-class.


⚫
The English [[rugby league]] team [[Featherstone Rovers]] supporters' nickname is "the Flat Cappers", because supporters in years gone by attended matches wearing them as did most other teams' supporters.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
==North American culture==
The flat cap hat is associated in North American popular culture with city newsboys (i.e., street-corner newspaper sellers), the style sometimes being called a ''newsboy'' or [[Newsboy cap|''newsie'' cap]].


⚫
The black leather flat cap is often combined with a patched-up [[sport coat]] or leather jacket and dark clothes (sometimes combined with a [[Prison uniform#United States of America|bee-striped convict's shirt]]) in popular culture to depict a burglar, mugger, or robber, occasionally with a [[domino mask]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} The comic book character [[the Goon]] is based on this archetype of the flat-capped street tough from vintage cartoons and comics.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
⚫
==Current situation==
⚫
The style has remained popular among certain groups of people in [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. The cap is sometimes associated with older men, significantly in [[South Korea]], but has been popular (along with the [[newsboy cap]]) among some segments of younger people: for example, in cities such as [[Boston]] with a large [[Irish-American]] population. They are also associated with [[skinhead]]s and the [[Oi!]] and [[punk subculture]]s. It has appeared in the [[hip hop]] [[subculture]], worn back-to-front. It is also very common among men and women in [[San Francisco]], [[California]].


American golfer [[Bryson DeChambeau]] wears a flat cap during his rounds on the PGA Tour in honor of the late [[Payne Stewart]] and [[Ben Hogan]]. The look has rejuvenated popularity with the style amongst younger golfers. {{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
⚫
[[Rugby league]] team [[Featherstone Rovers]] supporters' nickname is "the Flat Cappers", due to the fact that supporters in years gone by used to attend matches wearing them.


The [[Canada|Canadian]] team in the [[1998 Winter Olympics]] wore red flat caps designed by [[Roots Canada|Roots]] in the opening ceremony parade of nations.<ref>[https://olympic.ca/photos/nagano-1998/ Photos] from 1998 Nagano Olympics Opening Ceremony from [[Canadian Olympic Committee]] official website.</ref> The US team in the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] also wore white flat caps designed by [[Polo Ralph Lauren]] during the parade of nations.<ref>{{citation |first=Chandler |last=Plante |title=Team USA's Most Iconic Olympic Outfits Throughout the Years Are Pure Gold | url = https://www.popsugar.co.uk/fashion/team-usa-olympics-outfits-through-years-48419555#photo-48419544 |date=14 July 2021 |publisher=popsugar.co.uk}}</ref>
⚫
The black leather flat cap is often combined with a patched up [[sport coat]] or leather jacket and dark clothes (sometimes combined with a [[Prison uniform#United States of America|bee-striped convict’s shirt]]) in popular culture to depict a burglar, mugger or robber, occasionally with a [[domino mask]]. The comic book character [[the Goon]] is based on this archetype of the flat-capped street tough from vintage cartoons and comics, as well as the Mexican sitcom characters, ''El Chompiras y El Botijas'', the former interpreted by the famous Mexican comedian ''[[Chespirito]]''


==See also==
The [[Canada|Canadian]] team in the [[1998 Winter Olympics]] wore red flat caps designed by [[Roots Canada|Roots]] in the opening ceremony parade of nations. In addition, the United States team in the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] also wore white flat caps designed by [[Polo Ralph Lauren]] during the parade of nations.
* [[Ascot cap]]

* [[Baseball cap]]
In 2011 the flat cap increased in popularity in [[UK|Britain]], possibly influenced by photographs of celebrities—men and women—wearing caps. Clothing sellers [[Marks and Spencer]] reported that flat cap sales significantly increased in 2011.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2050901/Flat-cap-sales-rocket-Brad-Pitt-Gwen-Stefani-adopt-fusty-headgear.html Daily Mail newspaper: Granddads, lock up your hats! Sales of flat caps rocket by 75 per cent as stars adopt fusty headgear], 20 October 2011</ref>
* [[British country clothing]]
* [[Coppola (cap)]]
* [[Newsboy cap]]
* [[Skipper cap]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{wiktionary}}

{{commons category|Flat caps}}
* [http://www.expressandstar.com/news/2007/03/31/cap-fits-for-new-generation/ "Cap fits for new generation"]. ''Express & Star'', July 2007.
*[https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2007/03/31/cap-fits-for-new-generation/ Cap fits for new generation"]. ''Express & Star'', July 2007.
* [http://histclo.com/country/us/gar/head/style/cap/usgc-flat.html American boys' flat caps] Historical Boys Clothing
* [http://histclo.com/country/us/gar/head/style/cap/usgc-flat.html American boys' flat caps] Historical Boys Clothing
* [https://www.fashionablehats.com/blog/ivy-caps-vs-newsboy-caps/ Ivy vs. Newsboy Caps] Flat Cap Information Resource

{{Hats}}
{{Clothing}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Flat Cap}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Flat Cap}}
[[Category:Caps]]
[[Category:Caps]]
[[Category:British clothing]]
[[Category:British clothing]]
[[Category:Northern England]]
[[Category:Golf culture]]

Latest revision as of 10:14, 31 July 2024

For the hat sometimes known as a "flat cap" or a "flatcap", see Baseball cap § Snapback (hat).
Not to be confused with Newsboy cap.
Woollen flat cap worn by actor Jason Isaacs (2005)

A flat cap is a rounded cap with a small stiff brim in front, originating in Northern England. The hat is also known in Ireland as a paddy cap; in Scotland as a bunnet; in Wales as a Dai cap; and in the United States as an English cap or Irish cap. Various other terms exist (scally cap,[1] cabbie cap, driver cap, golf cap,[2] longshoreman cap, ivy cap, train engineer cap, sixpence, etc.) Flat caps are usually made of tweed, plain wool, or cotton, while some are made using leather, linen, or corduroy. The inside of the cap is commonly lined for comfort and warmth.[3]

History

[edit]
Woolen flat cap
Flat cap, side view, herringbone pattern

The style can be traced back to the 16th century in Northern England, when it was more likely to be called a "bonnet". This term was replaced by "cap" before about 1700,[4] except in Scotland, where it continues to be referred to as a bunnet in Scots.[5]

A 1571 Act of the English Parliament was enacted to stimulate domestic wool consumption and general trade. It decreed that on Sundays and holidays, all males over 6 years of age, except for the nobility and "persons of degree", were to wear woolen caps or pay a fine of three farthings per day (equivalent to £1.41 in 2023).[6] The Act was not repealed until 1597, though by then the flat cap had become firmly entrenched as a recognised mark of a non-noble person[citation needed], such as a burgher, a tradesman, or an apprentice.[dubious – discuss] The style may have been the same as the Tudor bonnet still used in some styles of academic dress.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, when men predominantly wore some form of headgear, flat caps were commonly worn throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Versions in finer cloth were also considered to be suitable casual countryside wear for upper-class Englishmen. Flat caps were worn by fashionable young men in the 1920s. Boys of all classes in the United Kingdom wore caps during this period; a peaked school cap of prescribed colour and design, of more rounded shape than men's flat caps, was part of the normal school uniform.[7]

The flat cap made its way to southern Italy in the late 1800s, likely brought by British servicemen. In Turkey, the flat cap became the main headgear for men after it became a replacement for the fez, which was banned by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1925.[citation needed]

In the early part of the 20th century it was worn by working class men in Spain and it became part of the traditional attire and folklore of Madrid where it is called parpusa [es], gorra madrileña, or "Madrid Cap".

[edit]

In British popular culture, the flat cap (or "flat hat") is typically associated with Yorkshire, and more broadly, working-class men. The flat cap can also be taken to denote the upper class when affecting casualness. "A toff can be a bit of a chap as well without, as it were, losing face."[8] In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, British public figures including David Beckham, Nigel Mansell, Guy Ritchie, Richard Blackwood, and Charles III wore the flat cap.[9]

In Northern England, notable wearers include: Fred Dibnah, from Bolton; comic strip anti-hero Andy Capp, from Hartlepool, and AC/DC vocalist Brian Johnson, of Newcastle, customarily wears a flat cap frequently on and off stage.[10][11]

In Peaky Blinders, a BBC television show about a former Birmingham-based gang, characters are seen wearing Baker Boy Caps, a similar style often confused for flat caps. It was thought, and adapted, that the gang had sewed-in razor blades on the peak of their flat caps for use as a weapon to blind their enemies.[12]

Usage in the East End of London is illustrated by Jim Branning of the television soap opera EastEnders and Del Boy Trotter of Only Fools and Horses. Taxicab and bus drivers are often depicted wearing a flat cap, as comedically portrayed by Gareth Hale and Norman Pace's (Hale and Pace) "London cabbies" television sketches.

Current popularity

[edit]
Dick Berggren is known for wearing a flat cap.
The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda was known for wearing flat caps.

The style has remained popular among groups of people in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and North America. The cap is sometimes associated with older men, significantly in South Korea, but has been popular (along with the newsboy cap) among some segments of younger people, for example, in cities such as Chicago, Boston, New York, and Scranton with large Irish-American populations. It has appeared in the hip hop subculture, sometimes worn back-to-front or cocked to the side. It is also very common among men and women in San Francisco, California. In Turkey, it is highly popular amongst men, mostly working-class.

The English rugby league team Featherstone Rovers supporters' nickname is "the Flat Cappers", because supporters in years gone by attended matches wearing them as did most other teams' supporters.[citation needed]

The black leather flat cap is often combined with a patched-up sport coat or leather jacket and dark clothes (sometimes combined with a bee-striped convict's shirt) in popular culture to depict a burglar, mugger, or robber, occasionally with a domino mask.[citation needed] The comic book character the Goon is based on this archetype of the flat-capped street tough from vintage cartoons and comics.[citation needed]

American golfer Bryson DeChambeau wears a flat cap during his rounds on the PGA Tour in honor of the late Payne Stewart and Ben Hogan. The look has rejuvenated popularity with the style amongst younger golfers. [citation needed]

The Canadian team in the 1998 Winter Olympics wore red flat caps designed by Roots in the opening ceremony parade of nations.[13] The US team in the 2008 Summer Olympics also wore white flat caps designed by Polo Ralph Lauren during the parade of nations.[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Scally Origins | Boston Scally Co. | Caps & Hoodies". Boston Scally. Retrieved 2024-07-21.
  2. ^ 7 Gotta-Have Golf Hats for Tee Time. Retrieved June 10, 2023
  3. ^ "Factories, Farms and Financial Success - A history of the Flat Cap". Sir Gordon Bennett. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  4. ^ "Bonnet". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  5. ^ Mairi Robinson, ed. (1985). The Concise Scots Dictionary. Aberdeen University Press. p. 53. ISBN 0-08-028491-4.
  6. ^ O'Grady, Sean (27 March 2010). "Minor British Institutions: The flat cap". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-07-24.
  7. ^ "English school uniform garments: headwear". Historical Boys' Clothing. 9 October 2017.
  8. ^ Mather, Geoffrey. "Capped for England" BBC Radio 4, 2001.
  9. ^ Porter, Richard (4 November 2016). "If you want to get ahead, get a flat cap". The Daily Telegraph.
  10. ^ Katie Wales (2006). Northern English: a cultural and social history. p. 26. Cambridge University Press ISBN 9781139457057
  11. ^ Anthony Bozza (2009). Why AC/DC Matters. p.54. HarperCollins, Retrieved 30 November 2011 ISBN 9780061804601
  12. ^ Griffiths, Eleanor (2019-07-19). "Where does the name Peaky Blinders come from?". RadioTimes. Immediate Media Company Limited. Retrieved 2019-11-17. The TV series suggests that the gang are called "Peaky Blinders" because they use the razors in their hats to blind their enemies, either by slicing the blade across their victims' eyes or by slashing up their faces so much that they are blinded by blood.
  13. ^ Photos from 1998 Nagano Olympics Opening Ceremony from Canadian Olympic Committee official website.
  14. ^ Plante, Chandler (14 July 2021), Team USA's Most Iconic Olympic Outfits Throughout the Years Are Pure Gold, popsugar.co.uk
[edit]
Look up flat cap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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