Doris Day: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American actress and singer (1922–2019)}} |
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{{about|the American actress and singer|other uses|Doris Day (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}} |
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{{distinguish|Dorothy Day}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| image = Doris Day - 1957.JPG |
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| caption = Day in 1957 |
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| birth_name = Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|4|3}} |
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| birth_place = [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, U.S. |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|5|13|1922|4|3}} |
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1922|4|3|mf=yes}}<ref name="discrepancy">NOTE: there is a highly contentious public disagreement over which year of birth is correct, 1922 or 1924. Day gave the latter year during her career and elsewhere; but census records and her biographer (David Kaufman) cite the earlier year.</ref> |
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| death_place = [[Carmel Valley, California]], U.S. |
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| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer}} |
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| years_active = 1937–2012 |
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| spouse = {{plainlist| |
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*{{marriage|Al Jorden|1941|1943|end=div.}} |
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| occupation = Actress, singer, animal rights activist |
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*{{marriage|[[George William Weidler|George Weidler]]|1946|1949|end=div.}} |
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| years_active = 1939–present<br>1948–1973 (acting) |
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*{{marriage|[[Martin Melcher]]|1951|1968|end=died}} |
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| spouse = {{marriage|Al Jorden|1941|1943}}<br>{{marriage|[[George William Weidler|George Weidler]]|1946|1949}}<br>{{marriage|[[Martin Melcher]]|1951|1968}}<br>{{marriage|Barry Comden|1976|1981}} |
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*{{marriage|Barry Comden|1976|1982|end=div.}} }} |
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| children = [[Terry Melcher]] (1942–2004) |
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| children = [[Terry Melcher]] |
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| website = {{URL|dorisday.com}} |
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| signature = Doris Day signature.svg |
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'''Doris Day''' (born '''Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff'''; April 3, 1922)<!-- please do not change to 1924 without discussing on talk page --><ref name="discrepancy"/> is an American actress, singer, and animal rights activist. |
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Day began her career as a big band singer in 1939. Her popularity began to rise after her first hit recording, "[[Sentimental Journey (song)|Sentimental Journey]]", in 1945. After leaving [[Les Brown & His Band of Renown]] to try a solo career, she started her long-lasting partnership with [[Columbia Records]], which would remain her only recording label. The contract lasted from 1947 to 1967, and included more than 650 recordings, making Day one of the most popular and acclaimed singers of the 20th century. In 1948, after being persuaded by [[Sammy Cahn]], [[Jule Styne]] and her agent at the time, Al Levy, she auditioned for [[Michael Curtiz]], which led to her being cast as the female lead in ''[[Romance on the High Seas]]''. |
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'''Doris Day''' (born '''Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff'''; April 3, 1922 – May 13, 2019<!-- Do not change her birth date to 1924 or any other date - this has been discussed and resolved on the talk page. -->) was an American actress and singer.<!--Keep most notable occupations in lead per [[MOS:ROLEBIO]]--> She began her career as a [[big band]] singer in 1937, achieving commercial success in 1945 with two No. 1 recordings, "[[Sentimental Journey (song)|Sentimental Journey]]" and "[[My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time]]" with [[Les Brown (bandleader)|Les Brown and His Band of Renown]]. She left Brown to embark on a solo career and recorded more than 650 songs from 1947 to 1967. |
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Over the course of her career, Day appeared in 39 films. She was ranked the biggest box-office star, the only woman on that list, for four years (1960, 1962, 1963 and 1964) ranking in the top 10 for ten years (1951–1952 and 1959–1966). She became the top-ranking female box-office star of all time and is currently ranked sixth among the top 10 box office performers (male and female), as of 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Ten Money Making Stars|url=http://www.quigleypublishing.com/MPalmanac/Top10/Top10_lists.html|work=Quigley Publishing Company|publisher=QP Media, Inc.|accessdate=December 19, 2013}}</ref> She received an [[Academy Award]] nomination for her performance in ''[[Pillow Talk (film)|Pillow Talk]]'', won three Henrietta Awards (World Film Favorite), received the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association's Career Achievement Award]] and, in 1989, received the [[Cecil B. DeMille Award]] for lifetime achievement in motion pictures. Day made her last film in 1968. |
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Day was one of the leading [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] film stars of the 1950s and 1960s. Her film career began with ''[[Romance on the High Seas]]'' (1948). She starred in films of many genres, including musicals, comedies, dramas and thrillers. She played the title role in ''[[Calamity Jane (film)|Calamity Jane]]'' (1953) and starred in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)|The Man Who Knew Too Much]]'' (1956) with [[James Stewart]]. She costarred with [[Rock Hudson]] in three successful comedies including ''[[Pillow Talk]]'' (1959), for which she was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]. She also worked with [[James Garner]] on both ''[[Move Over, Darling]]'' (1963) and ''[[The Thrill of It All (film)|The Thrill of It All]]'' (1963) and starred alongside [[Clark Gable]], [[Cary Grant]], [[James Cagney]], [[David Niven]], [[Ginger Rogers]], [[Jack Lemmon]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Kirk Douglas]], [[Lauren Bacall]], and [[Rod Taylor]] in various films. After ending her film career in 1968, only briefly removed from the height of her popularity, she starred in her own television sitcom ''[[The Doris Day Show]]'' (1968–1973). |
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Day has released 31 albums, and her songs have spent a total of 460 weeks in the Top 40 charts.{{Sfn|Santopietro|2008|p=191}} She has been awarded a [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]] and a Legend Award from the [[Society of Singers]]. In 2011, she released her 29th studio album, ''[[My Heart (Doris Day album)|My Heart]]'', which debuted at No. 9 on the UK Top 40 charts. As of January 2014, Day is the oldest living artist to score a UK Top 10 with an album featuring new material. |
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In 1989, Day was awarded the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe]] and the [[Cecil B. DeMille Award]] for Lifetime Achievement in Motion Pictures. In 2004, she was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]. In 2008, she received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as well as a Legend Award from the [[Society of Singers]]. In 2011, she was awarded the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association's Career Achievement Award]]. In 2011, Day released her 29th studio album, ''[[My Heart (Doris Day album)|My Heart]]'', which contained new material and became a UK Top 10 album. {{As of|2020}}, she was one of eight recording artists to have been the top box-office earner in the United States four times.<ref>{{cite web|date=2013|title=Doris Day|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/BiographiesDetailsPage/BiographiesDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Biographies&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=BIC1&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK2419200293&u=xavier_main&jsid=9460d7cd6fd7bee022fae21120e7eb84|access-date=January 15, 2016|website=Biography in Context|publisher=Gale|location=Detroit, MI}}</ref><ref name="AEHotchner1976">{{Cite book|last=Hotchner|first=A.E.|title=Doris Day: Her Own Story|publisher=William Morrow and Company, Inc.|year=1976|isbn=978-0-688-02968-5|location=New York}}</ref> |
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Her strong commitment to animal welfare began in 1971, when she co-founded "Actors and Others for Animals". She started her own non-profit organization in the late 1970s, the Doris Day Animal Foundation and, later, the [[Doris Day Animal League]] (DDAL). Establishing the annual observance [[Spay Day USA]] in 1994, the Doris Day Animal League now partners with the [[Humane Society of the United States]] and continues to be a leading advocacy organization. In 2004, she received the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] from President [[George W. Bush]] in recognition of her distinguished service to the country. Day is retired from acting and performing, but has continued her work in animal rights causes and animal welfare. She currently lives in [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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[[File:Doris Day Childhood Home, Greenlawn Avenue, Evanston, Cincinnati, OH.jpg|thumb|left|Childhood home in Cincinnati]] |
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Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff<ref>{{cite AV media|year=1991|title=Doris Day: A Sentimental Journey|medium=Television production|publisher=WWTW Production Company|quote=I'm still Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff}}</ref> was born in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]] to Alma Sophia (née Welz, a housewife) and William Kappelhoff (a music teacher and choir master) on April 3, 1922.<ref name="census">{{Cite web|title=Ancestry.com|url=http://interactive.ancestry.com/2442/m-t0627-03199-00438/34332334?backurl=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.ancestry.com%2fcgi-bin%2fsse.dll%3findiv%3d1%26db%3d1940usfedcen%26rank%3d1%26new%3d1%26MSAV%3d0%26msT%3d1%26gss%3dangs-d%26gsfn%3dDoris%26gsln%3dKappelhoff%26msbpn__ftp%3dCincinnati%252c%2bHamilton%252c%2bOhio%252c%2bUSA%26msbpn%3d51335%26msbpn_PInfo%3d8-%257c0%257c1652393%257c0%257c2%257c3247%257c38%257c0%257c1266%257c51335%257c0%257c%26msrpn__ftp%3dCincinnati%252c%2bHamilton%252c%2bOhio%252c%2bUSA%26msrpn%3d51335%26msrpn_PInfo%3d8-%257c0%257c1652393%257c0%257c2%257c3247%257c38%257c0%257c1266%257c51335%257c0%257c%26msmng0%3dAlma%26uidh%3dxh6%26_83004003-n_xcl%3dm%26pcat%3d35%26fh%3d0%26h%3d34332334&ssrc=&backlabel=ReturnRecord|quote=Born 1922: age on April 10, 1940, in Hamilton County, Ohio, 91–346 (enumeration district), 2552 Warsaw Avenue, was 18 years old as per 1940 United States Census records; name misspelled as "Daris Kappelhoff", included with mother Alma and brother Paul, all with same surname}}. (registration required; initial 14 day free pass)</ref> All of her grandparents were [[German American|German immigrants]].<ref>{{Cite document|url=http://www.wargs.com/other/day.html|title=Doris Day profile|type=ancestry|publisher=Wargs|accessdate=April 5, 2014}}</ref> |
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Day was born Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff<ref name="nytimes" /> on April 3, 1922, in [[Cincinnati]], Ohio,<ref name="shes95">{{Cite web|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/4e59795cb64440bfa2567554e1f53097/only-ap-birthday-surprise-doris-day-shes-really-95|title=Birthday surprise for ageless Doris Day: She's actually 95|last=Elber|first=Lynn|date=April 2, 2017|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404111630/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/4e59795cb64440bfa2567554e1f53097/only-ap-birthday-surprise-doris-day-shes-really-95|archive-date=April 4, 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=April 2, 2017|quote=A copy of Day's birth certificate, obtained by The Associated Press from Ohio's Office of Vital Statistics, settles the issue: Doris Mary Kappelhoff, her pre-fame name, was born on April 3, 1922, making her 95. Her parents were Alma and William Kappelhoff of Cincinnati.}}</ref> the daughter of [[German Americans|German-American]]<ref>[https://www.philly.com/obituaries/doris-day-death-movies-songs-obituary-20190513.html Actress Doris Day dies at 97] Philly.com May 13, 2019.</ref><ref name="wn">{{cite news |last=Leidinger |first=Paul |date=May 13, 2015 |title=Doris Day heißt eigentlich Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff |newspaper=Westfälische Nachrichten |url=https://www.wn.de/Welt/Leute/3776715-Weltstar-mit-westfaelischen-Wurzeln-Doris-Day-heisst-eigentlich-Doris-Mary-Ann-Kappelhoff |access-date=December 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Doris Day profile |url=http://www.wargs.com/other/day.html |type=ancestry |publisher=Wargs |access-date=April 5, 2014}}</ref> parents Alma Sophia ([[Maiden and married names|''née'']] Welz; 1895–1976) and William Joseph Kappelhoff (1892–1967). She was named after actress [[Doris Kenyon]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Braun |first1=Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwczAgAAQBAJ&q=%22Doris+Kenyon%22&pg=PT32 |title=Doris Day |date=2010 |publisher=Orion Publishing Group |isbn=9781409105695 |language=en}}</ref> Her mother was a [[Homemaking|homemaker]], and her father was a music teacher and [[conducting|choirmaster]].{{Sfn|Kaufman|2008|p=4}}<ref name="census">{{Cite web|title=Ancestry.com|url=http://interactive.ancestry.com/2442/m-t0627-03199-April00438/34332334|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224040343/http://interactive.ancestry.com/2442/m-t0627-03199-April00438/34332334|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 24, 2021|quote=Born 1922: age on April 10, 1940, in Hamilton County, Ohio, 91–346 (enumeration district), 2552 Warsaw Avenue, was 18 years old as per 1940 United States Census records; name transcribed incorrectly as "Daris Kappelhoff", included with mother Alma and brother Paul, all with same surname}}. (registration required; initial 14-day free pass)</ref> Her paternal grandfather Franz Joseph Wilhelm Kappelhoff immigrated to the United States in 1875 and settled within the large German community in Cincinnati.<ref name="wn"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/enwiki/w/German_Ohioans|title=German Ohioans|access-date=December 28, 2019|archive-date=December 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229085210/https://ohiohistorycentral.org/enwiki/w/German_Ohioans|url-status=dead}}</ref> For most of her life, Day stated that she was born in 1924, but on the occasion of her 95th birthday, the [[Associated Press]] found her birth certificate that showed a 1922 year of birth.<ref name=shes95 /> |
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Day had two older brothers: Richard (1917–1919), who died before her birth, and Paul (1919–1957).{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|p=18}} Her father's infidelity caused her parents to separate in 1932 when she was 10.<ref name="AEHotchner1976" /><ref>{{Cite news|first=Cleveland|last=Amory|title=Doris Day talks about Rock Hudson, Ronald Reagan and her own story|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GIsfAAAAIBAJ&pg=5091,1222023|access-date=August 10, 2013|newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Press]]|date=August 3, 1986}}</ref> She developed an early interest in dance, and in the mid-1930s formed a dance duo with Jerry Doherty that performed in nationwide competitions.<ref name="ParishPitts2003">{{Cite book|last1=Parish|first1=James Robert|last2=Pitts|first2=Michael R.|title=Hollywood songsters. 1. Allyson to Funicello|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GlybVaD6cakC&pg=PA235|access-date=August 8, 2013|date=January 1, 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-94332-1|page=235}}</ref> On October 13, 1937, while Day was riding with friends, their car collided with a freight train, and she broke her right leg, curtailing her prospects as a professional dancer.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Trenton Friends Regret Injury to Girl Dancer|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/anonymous-celebrity-clipping-oct-18-1937-241850/|access-date=April 3, 2017|work=Hamilton Daily News Journal|date=October 18, 1937|page=7}} {{Free access}}</ref><ref name="BrowneBrowne2001">{{Cite book|last1=Browne|first1=Ray Broadus|last2=Browne|first2=Pat|title=The Guide to United States Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3rJxPYT32MC&pg=PA220|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2001|publisher=Popular Press|isbn=978-0-87972-821-2|pages=220–221}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Broken leg perils career of Cincinnati Dancer--Girl, 16, Is Injured On Eve Of Trip To Hollywood|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18891829/oct-15-1937-doris-day-train-accident/|access-date=March 7, 2022|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|date=October 15, 1937|page=22}}</ref> |
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==Career== |
==Career== |
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===Early career (1938–1947)=== |
===Early career (1938–1947)=== |
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[[File:Doris Day and Bob Crosby (1940).png|thumb|upright|Day and [[Bob Crosby]] (1940)]] |
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While recovering, Day started to sing along with the radio and discovered a talent that she didn't know she had. Day said: "During this long, boring period, I used to while away a lot of time listening to the radio, sometimes singing along with the likes of [[Benny Goodman]], [[Duke Ellington]], [[Tommy Dorsey]] and [[Glenn Miller]] [...]. But the one radio voice I listened to above others belonged to [[Ella Fitzgerald]]. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and I'd sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words."{{Sfn|Hotchner|pp=38–39}} Observing her daughter rekindled Alma's interest in show business, and she decided to give Doris singing lessons. She engaged a teacher, Grace Raine.{{Sfn|Hotchner|p=38}} After three lessons, Raine told Alma that Doris had "tremendous potential", which led Alma to give her daughter three lessons a week for the price of one. Years later, Day said that Raine had the biggest effect on her singing style and career.{{Sfn|Hotchner|pp=38–39}} During the eight months of singing lessons, Day had her first professional jobs as a vocalist in the [[WLW]] radio program, ''Carlin's Carnival'' and in a local restaurant, the Charlie Yee's Shanghai Inn. {{Sfn|Hotchner|pp=40–41}} It was during her radio performances that Day first caught the attention of [[Barney Rapp]], who sought a girl vocalist and asked if Day would like to audition for the job. According to Rapp, he had auditioned about 200 singers when Day got the job.{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|p=44}} |
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While recovering from her car accident, Day sang along with the radio and discovered her singing talent. She later said: "During this long, boring period, I used to while away a lot of time listening to the radio, sometimes singing along with the likes of [[Benny Goodman]], [[Duke Ellington]], [[Tommy Dorsey]], and [[Glenn Miller]]. But the one radio voice I listened to above others belonged to [[Ella Fitzgerald]]. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and I'd sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words." |
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Day's mother Alma arranged for Doris to receive singing lessons from Grace Raine.{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|p=38}} After three lessons, Raine told Alma that Day had "tremendous potential" and gave her three lessons per week for the price of one. Years later, Day said that Raine had a greater effect on her singing style and career than had anyone else.{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|pp=38–39}} |
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While working for Rapp in 1939, she adopted the stage surname "Day" (at Rapp's suggestion).<ref>{{cite news|title=Doris Day's sweet success|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3569113.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=August 10, 2013|date=April 3, 2004}}</ref> Rapp felt that "Kappelhoff" was too long for [[Marquee (sign)|marquees]], and he admired her rendition of the song "Day After Day".{{Sfn|Kaufman|2008|p=22}} After working with Rapp, Day worked with bandleaders Jimmy James,<ref>{{Cite news|newspaper=The Lima (Ohio) News|date=April 17, 1940|page=11|title=To Entertain at Convention Here}}</ref> [[Bob Crosby]],<ref name="Sutro2011">{{cite book|last=Sutro|first=Dirk|title=Jazz For Dummies|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tqkRibY3RHoC&pg=PA112|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=April 20, 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-06852-6|page=112}}</ref> and [[Les Brown (bandleader)|Les Brown]].<ref name="Family2009">{{cite book|author=The Guinan Family|title=Lakewood Park|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zh0zVcyDFxUC&pg=PA72|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=October 2009|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-6578-1|page=72}}</ref> |
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[[File:Doris Day, Aquarium, gottlieb.01841.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Day at the Aquarium Jazz Club, New York (1946)]] |
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During the eight months when she was receiving singing lessons, Day secured her first professional jobs as a vocalist on the [[WLW]] radio program ''Carlin's Carnival'' and in a local restaurant, Charlie Yee's Shanghai Inn.{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|pp=40–41}} During her radio performances, she first caught the attention of [[Barney Rapp]], who was seeking a female vocalist and asked her to audition for the job. According to Rapp, he had auditioned about 200 other singers.{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|p=44}} |
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While working with Brown, Day scored her first hit recording, "[[Sentimental Journey (song)|Sentimental Journey]]", released in early 1945. It soon became an anthem of the desire of World War II demobilizing troops to return home.<ref name="Santopietro2008">{{cite book|last=Santopietro|first=Tom|title=Considering Doris Day|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oXw9voJackQC&pg=PA22|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=August 5, 2008|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-4299-3751-1|page=22}}</ref> This song is still associated with Day, and she re-recorded it on several occasions, including a version in her 1971 television special.{{Sfn|Braun|2004|p=26|ps =: "It is not surprising... that she took so readily to Christian Science in her later life"}} At one point in 1945–46, Day (as vocalist with the Les Brown Band) had six other Top Ten hits on the Billboard chart: "[[My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time]]", "'Tain't Me", "[[Till the End of Time (Buddy Kaye and Ted Mossman song)|Till The End of Time]]", "You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart)", "The Whole World is Singing My Song", and "[[I Got the Sun in the Mornin']]". By the time she left Brown's band in August 1946, she was the highest paid female band vocalist in the world. {{cn|date=April 2014}} |
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In 1939, Rapp suggested the stage name Doris Day<ref>{{cite news|title=Doris Day's sweet success| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3569113.stm|work=[[BBC News]] |access-date= August 10, 2013|date=April 3, 2004}}</ref> because the Kappelhoff surname was too long for [[Marquee (sign)|marquees]] and he admired her rendition of the song "Day After Day".{{Sfn|Kaufman|2008|p=22}} After working with Rapp, Day worked with bandleaders Jimmy James,<ref>{{cite news|title=To Entertain at Convention Here |url= https://newspaperarchive.com/anonymous-celebrity-clipping-apr-17-1940-241851| access-date=April 3, 2017|work=[[The Lima News]]|date=April 17, 1940|page=11}} {{free access}}</ref> [[Bob Crosby]]<ref name="Sutro2011">{{cite book| last= Sutro| first=Dirk|title=Jazz For Dummies| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tqkRibY3RHoC&pg=PA112|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-06852-6|page=112}}</ref> and [[Les Brown (bandleader)|Les Brown]].<ref name="Family2009">{{cite book|author=The Guinan Family |title= Lakewood Park |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zh0zVcyDFxUC&pg=PA72 |access-date= August 8, 2013|date=October 2009| publisher= Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-6578-1|page=72}}</ref> In 1941, Day appeared as a singer in three [[Soundies]] with the Les Brown band.<ref name="TerenzioMacGillivray1991">{{cite book|last1=Terenzio|first1=Maurice|last2=MacGillivray|first2=Scott|last3=Okuda|first3=Ted|title=The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aH5ZAAAAMAAJ|access-date=August 9, 2013|date=1991|publisher=McFarland & Co.|isbn=978-0-89950-578-7|pages=33–35}}</ref> |
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While working with Brown, Day recorded her first hit recording, "[[Sentimental Journey (song)|Sentimental Journey]]", released in early 1945. It soon became an anthem for [[World War II]] servicemen.<ref name=pc1b>{{Pop Chronicles 40s|1|B}}</ref><ref name="Santopietro2008">{{cite book| last=Santopietro|first=Tom|title=Considering Doris Day| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oXw9voJackQC&pg=PA22|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-4299-3751-1|page=22}}</ref> The song continues to be associated with Day, and she rerecorded it on several occasions, including a version for her 1971 television special.{{Sfn|Braun|2004|p=26|ps=: "It is not surprising ... that she took so readily to Christian Science in her later life"}} During 1945–46, Day (as vocalist with the Les Brown Band) had six other top ten hits on the [[Billboard charts|''Billboard'' chart]]: "[[My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time]]", {{"'}}Tain't Me", "[[Till the End of Time (Buddy Kaye and Ted Mossman song)|Till the End of Time]]", "[[You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart)]]", "The Whole World Is Singing My Song" and [[I Got the Sun in the Mornin'|"I Got the Sun in the Mornin{{'"}}]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Whitburn|first1=Joel|title=Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890–1954|year=1986|publisher=Record Research Inc.|location=Wisconsin|isbn=978-0-89820-083-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/joelwpopmemories00whit/page/63 63]|url=https://archive.org/details/joelwpopmemories00whit/page/63}}</ref> Les Brown said, "As a singer Doris belongs in the company of Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra."<ref name="nytimes" >{{cite web|first=Aljean|last= Harmetz| date= 13 May 2019| title=Doris Day, Movie Star Who Charmed America, Dies at 97| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/obituaries/doris-day-death.html| work= [[The New York Times]]| access-date= 2 April 2022 }}</ref> |
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===Early film career (1948–1954)=== |
===Early film career (1948–1954)=== |
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[[File:Starlift DorisDay and GordonMacRae.jpg|thumb|[[Gordon MacRae]] and Day in ''[[Starlift]]'' (1951)]] |
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{{Main|Doris Day filmography}} |
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While singing with the Les Brown band and for nearly two years on [[Bob Hope]]'s weekly radio program,<ref name="BrowneBrowne2001" /> Day toured extensively across the United States. |
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[[File:Starlift DorisDay and GordonMacRae.jpg|left|thumb|With [[Gordon MacRae]] in ''[[Starlift]]'' (1951)]] |
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[[File:Calamity Jane trailer.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Doris Day and [[Howard Keel]], ''[[Calamity Jane (film)|Calamity Jane]]'' (1953)]] |
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While singing with the Les Brown band and for nearly two years on Bob Hope's weekly radio program,<ref name="BrowneBrowne2001"/> she toured extensively across the United States. Her popularity as a radio performer and vocalist, which included a second hit record "[[My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time]]", led directly to a career in films. Already in 1941 Day appeared as a singer with the Les Brown band in a [[soundie]] (a Cinemasters production).<ref name="TerenzioMacGillivray1991">{{cite book|last1=Terenzio|first1=Maurice|last2=MacGillivray|first2=Scott|last3=Okuda|first3=Ted|title=The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aH5ZAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=August 9, 2013|date=April 1, 1991|publisher=McFarland & Co.|isbn=978-0-89950-578-7|pages=33–35}}</ref> During her separation from her second husband, [[George William Weidler|George Weidler]], in 1947, Day reportedly intended to leave Los Angeles and return to [[Cincinnati]]. Her agent Al Levy convinced her to attend a party at the home of composer [[Jule Styne]].<ref name="Braun2007">{{cite book|last=Braun|first=Eric|title=Frightening the Horses: Gay Icons of the Cinema|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RKMqAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=August 9, 2013|date=January 2007|publisher=Reynolds & Hearn|isbn=978-1-905287-37-6|page=1912}}</ref> Her performance of the song "[[Embraceable You]]" impressed Styne and his partner, [[Sammy Cahn]], and they recommended her for a role in ''[[Romance on the High Seas]]'', which they were working on for [[Warner Brothers]]. The withdrawal of [[Betty Hutton]] due to pregnancy left the main role to be re-cast, and Day got the part after auditioning for [[Michael Curtiz]].{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|p=91}}<ref name="Gentry2008">{{cite book|last=Gentry|first=Philip Max|title=The Age of Anxiety: Music, Politics, and McCarthyism, 1948—1954|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=heSoiBmyRUQC&pg=PA104|accessdate=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=978-0-549-90073-3|page=104}}</ref> The film provided her with her first #1 hit recording as a soloist, "It's Magic," which followed by two months her first #1 hit ("Love Somebody" in 1948) recorded as a duet with Buddy Clark. {{Citation needed|date=April 2012}} |
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Her performance of the song "[[Embraceable You]]" impressed songwriter [[Jule Styne]] and his partner [[Sammy Cahn]], and they recommended her for a role in ''[[Romance on the High Seas]]'' (1948). Day was cast for the role after auditioning for director [[Michael Curtiz]].{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|p=91}}<ref name="Gentry2008">{{Cite book|last=Gentry|first=Philip Max|title=The Age of Anxiety: Music, Politics, and McCarthyism, 1948–1954|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heSoiBmyRUQC&pg=PA104|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-90073-3|page=104|archive-date=January 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010517/http://books.google.com/books?id=heSoiBmyRUQC&pg=PA104|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was shocked to receive the offer and admitted to Curtiz that she was a singer without acting experience. but he appreciated her honesty and felt that "her [[freckle]]s made her look like the All-American Girl."<ref name=Tennessee>{{Cite news|title=Michael Curtiz Services Set|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10047302/the_tennessean/|access-date=April 4, 2017|work=[[The Tennessean]]|agency=Associated Press|via=[[Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]]|date=April 12, 1962|page=58}} {{Free access}}</ref> |
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In 1950, U.S. servicemen in Korea voted her their favorite star. She continued to make minor and frequently nostalgic period musicals such as ''[[Starlift]]'', ''[[The West Point Story (film)|The West Point Story]]'', ''[[On Moonlight Bay (film)|On Moonlight Bay]]'', ''[[By the Light of the Silvery Moon (film)|By the Light of the Silvery Moon]]'', and ''[[Tea for Two (film)|Tea For Two]]'' for Warner Brothers. Her most commercially successful film for Warners was "I'll See You in My Dreams," which broke box-office records of 20 years' standing during its premiere engagement at Radio City Music Hall in 1951. In 1953, Day appeared as the title character in the comedic western-themed musical, ''[[Calamity Jane (film)|Calamity Jane]]'', winning the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]] for "[[Secret Love (Doris Day song)|Secret Love]]" (her recording of which became her fourth #1 hit single in the U.S.).<ref name="Tyler2008">{{cite book|last=Tyler|first=Don|title=Music of the Postwar Era|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2dgJVseZAlsC&pg=PA110|accessdate=August 9, 2013|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-34191-5|page=110}}</ref> Between 1950 and 1953, the albums from six of her movie musicals charted in the Top 10, three of them at #1. After filming ''[[Lucky Me (film)|Lucky Me]]'' with [[Phil Silvers]] and ''[[Young at Heart (1954 film)|Young at Heart]]'' (both 1954) with [[Frank Sinatra]], Day chose not to renew her contract with [[Warner Bros.|Warner Brothers]].<ref name="Palmer2010">{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=R. Barton|title=Larger Than Life: Movie Stars of the 1950s|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=23l_vDGkyoYC&pg=PA154|accessdate=August 9, 2013|date=June 30, 2010|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4994-1|page=154}}</ref> She elected to work under the advice and management of her third husband, [[Marty Melcher]], whom she married in [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] on April 3, 1951.<ref name="ParishPitts2003">{{cite book|last1=Parish|first1=James Robert|last2=Pitts|first2=Michael R.|title=Hollywood songsters. 1. Allyson to Funicello|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GlybVaD6cakC&pg=PA238|accessdate=August 9, 2013|date=January 1, 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-94332-1|page=238}}</ref><ref name="BrowneBrowne2001"/> |
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The film provided her with a No. 2 hit recording as a soloist, "[[It's Magic]]", which occurred two months after her first No. 1 hit "[[Love Somebody (1947 song)|Love Somebody]]", a duet with [[Buddy Clark]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Whitburn|first1=Joel|title=Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890–1954|date=1986|publisher=Record Research Inc|location=Wisconsin|isbn=978-0-89820-083-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/joelwpopmemories00whit/page/122 122]|url=https://archive.org/details/joelwpopmemories00whit/page/122}}</ref> Day recorded "Someone Like You" before the film ''[[My Dream Is Yours]]'' (1949), which featured the song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BYEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Someone+like+You%22+%22Doris+Day%22+-adele+-wikipedia&pg=PA35|title=Billboard|page=35|date=January 15, 1949|access-date=October 19, 2015}}</ref> In 1950, she collaborated as a singer with the [[Slovenian-style polka|polka]] musician [[Frankie Yankovic]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2495167960495392&id=210557938956417 |title=The Polka Hall of Fame Remembers |date=20 May 2019 |publisher=National Cleveland-Style Polka Hall of Fame Museum}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://isn.zrc-sazu.si/files/file/Traditiones/Traditiones%2043_2%20separati/97_pdfsam_Traditiones_43_2_txt%20web.pdf |last=Debevec |first=Charles F. |title=Slovenian Recordings Made in America Prior to World War II |journal=Traditiones |volume=42 |issue=2 |year=2014 |publisher=Slovenian Academy of Arts and Sciences |doi=10.3986/traditio2014430205 |page=113}}</ref> and the U.S. servicemen in Korea voted her their favorite star. |
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===Motion picture breakthrough (1955–1958)=== |
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[[File:Doris Day in Love Me or Leave Me trailer.jpg|right|thumb|Day in the trailer for ''[[Love Me or Leave Me (film)|Love Me or Leave Me]]'' (1955)]] |
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Day appeared as a mystery guest on ''[[What's My Line?]]'' on January 23, 1955. Day subsequently took on more dramatic roles, including her 1955 portrayal of singer [[Ruth Etting]] in the biographical film of Etting's life, ''[[Love Me or Leave Me (film)|Love Me or Leave Me]]'', in which she co-starred with [[James Cagney]].<ref name="LisantiPaul2002">{{cite book|last1=Lisanti|first1=Tom|last2=Paul|first2=Louis|title=Film Fatales: Women in Espionage Films and Television, 1962–1973|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4VJCaXXANA0C&pg=PA104|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=January 1, 2002|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1194-8|page=104}}</ref> Day would later call it, in her autobiography, her best film. The film garnered critical and commercial success, becoming Day's biggest hit so far. Producer Joe Pasternak said, "I was stunned that Doris didn't get an Oscar nomination." The sound track album from that movie was a #1 hit that stayed charted for 28 weeks and became the recording industry's third biggest selling album of the entire decade. Day starred in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s suspense film, ''[[The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)|The Man Who Knew Too Much]]'' (1956) with [[James Stewart]]. She sang only two songs in the film, "[[Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)]]", which won an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]],<ref name="Tyler2008">{{cite book|last=Tyler|first=Don|title=Music of the Postwar Era|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2dgJVseZAlsC&pg=PA113|accessdate=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-34191-5|pages=113–114}}</ref> and "We'll Love Again". During the filming, Day became concerned about Hitchcock's lack of direction.<ref name="Falk2007">{{cite book|last=Falk|first=Quentin|title=Mr Hitchcock|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YQJlAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=August 9, 2013|date=August 31, 2007|publisher=Haus Pub.|isbn=978-1-904950-75-2|page=132}}</ref> She recalled being worried if she was pleasing him and confronted him on her performance.<ref name="Fawell2001">{{cite book|last=Fawell|first=John Wesley|title=Hitchcock's Rear Window: The Well-made Film|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FOXe683UmZcC&pg=PA139|accessdate=August 8, 2013|year=2001|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-8970-4|page=139}}</ref> He told her, "If you weren't doing what I liked, you'd know." At the premiere, Hitchcock was asked how he got such a great performance from Day. He replied, "It wasn't me; it was Doris." The film was Day's 10th movie to be in the Top 10 at the box office. Day played the title role in the thriller/noir ''[[Julie (1956 film)|Julie]]'' (1956) with [[Louis Jourdan]]. The film received poor press acclaim and was unpopular with audiences. {{cn|date=April 2014}} |
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Day continued to appear in light musicals such as ''[[On Moonlight Bay (film)|On Moonlight Bay]]'' (1951), ''[[By the Light of the Silvery Moon (film)|By the Light of the Silvery Moon]]'' (1953) and ''[[Tea for Two (film)|Tea For Two]]'' (1950) for [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postbulletin.com/gallery/photos-today-in-history-may/collection_d560d728-5bb0-11e9-abc4-ff386a0fde34.html|title=Photos: Today in History: May 2|website=PostBulletin.com|access-date=May 13, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507160319/https://www.postbulletin.com/gallery/photos-today-in-history-may/collection_d560d728-5bb0-11e9-abc4-ff386a0fde34.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3rJxPYT32MC&pg=PA221|title=The Guide to United States Popular Culture|last1=Labov|first1=William|last2=Browne|first2=Ray Broadus|last3=Browne|first3=Pat|date=2001|publisher=Popular Press|isbn=9780879728212|pages=221|language=en}}</ref> |
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After three successive dramatic films, Day returned to her musical/comedic roots in 1957's ''[[The Pajama Game (film)|The Pajama Game]]'' with [[John Raitt]]. The film was based on the [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] play of [[The Pajama Game|the same name]]. She worked with [[Paramount Pictures]] for the comedy ''[[Teacher's Pet (1958 film)|Teacher's Pet]]'' (1958), alongside [[Clark Gable]] and [[Gig Young]]. She co-starred with [[Richard Widmark]] and Gig Young in the romantic comedy film, ''[[The Tunnel of Love]]'' (1958), but found scant success opposite [[Jack Lemmon]] in ''[[It Happened to Jane]]'' (1959). Billboard's annual nationwide poll of disc jockeys had ranked Day as the #1 female vocalist nine times in ten years (1949 through 1958), but her success and popularity as a singer was now being overshadowed by her box office appeal. {{cn|date=April 2014}} |
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[[File:Calamity Jane trailer.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Day with [[Howard Keel]] in ''[[Calamity Jane (film)|Calamity Jane]]'' (1953)]] |
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Her most commercially successful film for Warner Bros. was ''[[I'll See You in My Dreams (1951 film)|I'll See You in My Dreams]]'' (1951), a musical biography of lyricist [[Gus Kahn]] that broke box-office records of 20 years. It was Day's fourth film directed by Curtiz.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://cometoverhollywood.com/2014/02/24/musical-monday-ill-see-you-in-my-dreams-1951/|title=Musical Monday: I'll See You in My Dreams (1951)|last=Jnpickens|date=February 24, 2014|publisher=cometoverhollywood.com|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> She appeared as the title character in the comedic western-themed musical ''[[Calamity Jane (film)|Calamity Jane]]'' (1953).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Doris Day Learned How to Flick Bull Whip for Tough Western Role in 'Calamity Jane'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21285782/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/|access-date=June 26, 2018|work=[[Brooklyn Eagle|The Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|date=November 8, 1953|page=31|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Free access}}</ref> A song from the film, "[[Secret Love (Doris Day song)|Secret Love]]", won the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]] and became Day's fourth No. 1 hit single in the United States.<ref name="Tyler2008">{{Cite book|last=Tyler|first=Don|title=Music of the Postwar Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dgJVseZAlsC&pg=PA110|access-date=August 9, 2013|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-34191-5|page=110}}</ref> |
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Between 1950 and 1953, the albums from six of her film musicals charted in the Top 10, including three that reached No. 1. After filming ''[[Lucky Me (film)|Lucky Me]]'' (1954) with [[Robert Cummings|Bob Cummings]] and ''[[Young at Heart (1955 film)|Young at Heart]]'' (1955) with [[Frank Sinatra]], Day elected to not renew her contract with Warner Brothers.<ref name="Palmer2010">{{Cite book|last=Palmer|first=R. Barton|title=Larger Than Life: Movie Stars of the 1950s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23l_vDGkyoYC&pg=PA154|access-date=August 9, 2013|date=2010|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4994-1|page=154}}</ref> |
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===Box office success (1959–1968)=== |
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[[File:Day-midnightlace.jpg|thumb|left|Day in publicity portrait for ''[[Midnight Lace]]'' (1960)]] |
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In 1959, Day entered her most successful phase as a film actress with a series of romantic comedies.<ref name="Gourley2008">{{cite book|last=Gourley|first=Catherine|title=Gidgets and Women Warriors: Perceptions of Women in the 1950s and 1960s|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7lH55EmxkbkC&pg=PA40|accessdate=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-0-8225-6805-6|page=40}}</ref><ref name="Monteith2008">{{cite book|last=Monteith|first=Sharon|title=American Culture in the 1960s|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6dG0vvkizM0C&pg=PA80|accessdate=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-1947-4|page=80}}</ref> This success began with ''[[Pillow Talk (film)|Pillow Talk]]'' (1959), co-starring [[Rock Hudson]], who became a lifelong friend, and [[Tony Randall]]. Day received a nomination for an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="Finler2003">{{cite book|last=Finler|first=Joel Waldo|title=The Hollywood Story|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rvVhEJmbfrsC&pg=PA281|accessdate=August 9, 2013|year=2003|publisher=Wallflower Press|isbn=978-1-903364-66-6|page=281}}</ref> Day, Hudson, and Randall made two more films together, ''[[Lover Come Back (1961 film)|Lover Come Back]]'' (1961) and ''[[Send Me No Flowers]]'' (1964).<ref name="Glitre2006">{{cite book|last=Glitre|first=Kathrina|title=Hollywood Romantic Comedy: States of the Union, 1934–1965|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BV7iokIuY4MC&pg=PA159|accessdate=August 9, 2013|date=October 31, 2006|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-7079-2|page=159}}</ref> These two films are lesser known of their film pairings and weren't as successful critically or commercially. In 1962, Day appeared with Cary Grant in ''[[That Touch of Mink]]'', the first film in history ever to gross $1 million in one theatre (Radio City Music Hall). Day was in the Top 10 at the box office 10 times. During 1960 and the 1962 to 1964 period, she ranked No. 1 at the box office, the only woman to be #1 four times. She set an unprecedented record that has yet to be equaled, receiving seven consecutive Laurel Awards as the top female box office star.<ref name="Morris1976">{{cite book|last=Morris|first=George|title=Doris Day|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bu9kAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=August 9, 2013|year=1976|publisher=Pyramid Publications|isbn=978-0-515-03959-7|page=10}}</ref> |
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During this period, Day also had her own radio program, ''[[The Doris Day Show (radio program)|The Doris Day Show]]''. It was broadcast on CBS in 1952–1953.<ref name="dunningota">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EwtRbXNca0oC&dq=%22The+Doris+Day+show,%22&pg=PA207 |last=Dunning |first=John |author-link=John Dunning (detective fiction author) |title=On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio |date=1998 |section=The Doris Day Show |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-507678-3 |page=207|edition=Revised |access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref> |
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Day teamed up with [[James Garner]], starting with ''[[The Thrill of It All]]'', followed by ''[[Move Over, Darling]]'' (both 1963). ''Move Over, Darling'' was originally titled ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'', a 1962 comeback vehicle for [[Marilyn Monroe]]. Filming was suspended following Monroe's dismissal and her subsequent death.<ref name="Hamrick2004">{{cite book|last=Hamrick|first=Craig|title=The TV Tidbits Classic Television Trivia Quiz Book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A5vB2oGTZEkC&pg=PA63|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=March 1, 2004|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-31034-0|page=63}}</ref> A year later, filming resumed with Day recast as the leading lady.<ref name="Harding2012">{{cite book|last=Harding|first=Les|title=They Knew Marilyn Monroe: Famous Persons in the Life of the Hollywood Icon|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rvwH7euUccIC&pg=PA47|accessdate=August 8, 2013|year=2012|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9014-1|page=47}}</ref> This was the 21st and final of Day's 39 movies to be in the Top 10 at the box office. The film's theme song, "Move Over, Darling", was co-written by her son specifically for her and charted at #8 in the U.K.<ref name="Pilchak2005">{{cite book|last=Pilchak|first=Angela|title=Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6wk5AQAAIAAJ|accessdate=August 9, 2013|date=June 13, 2005|publisher=Gale|page=133}}</ref> In between these comedic roles, Day co-starred with [[Rex Harrison]] in the movie thriller ''[[Midnight Lace]]'', an updating of the classic stage thriller, ''[[Gas Light|Gaslight]]''.<ref name="Waller1987">{{cite book|last=Waller|first=Gregory Albert|title=American Horrors: Essays on the Modern American Horror Film|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=AavstWM6jjIC&pg=PA166|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=January 1, 1987|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-01448-2|page=166}}</ref> |
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===Breakthrough (1955–1958)=== |
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By the late 1960s, the [[sexual revolution]] of the [[baby boomer]] generation had refocused public attitudes about sex. Times changed, but Day's films did not. Day's 1965 film, ''[[Do Not Disturb (1965 film)|Do Not Disturb]]'', was a box office failure and was unpopular with critics as well. Critics and comics dubbed Day "The World's Oldest Virgin",<ref>{{Cite document|contribution=Doris Day|type=Filmography|title=[[The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McCormick|first=Neil|title=Doris Day: sexy side of the girl next door|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8711630/Doris-Day-sexy-side-of-the-girl-next-door.html|accessdate=August 8, 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=August 20, 2011|location=London}}</ref> and audiences began to shy away from her films. As a result, she slipped from the list of top box office stars, last appearing in the top ten in 1966 with the hit film ''[[The Glass Bottom Boat]]''. One of the roles she turned down was that of "Mrs. Robinson" in ''[[The Graduate]]'', a role that eventually went to [[Anne Bancroft]].<ref name="Grindon2011">{{cite book|last=Grindon|first=Leger|title=The Hollywood Romantic Comedy: Conventions, History and Controversies|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=okkZPTEnYqMC&pg=PT87|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=March 1, 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-9595-2|page=87}}</ref> In her published memoirs, Day said she had rejected the part on moral grounds; she found the script "vulgar and offensive".<ref>{{cite web|last=Kashner|first=Sam|title=Here's to You, Mr. Nichols: The Making of ''The Graduate''|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/graduate200803|accessdate=January 17, 2014|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|publisher=Condé Nast|date=March 2008}}</ref> |
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[[File:Cameron Mitchell, Doris Day, and James Cagney.jpg|thumb|Cameron Mitchell, Day and James Cagney in a publicity still for ''[[Love Me or Leave Me (film)|Love Me or Leave Me]]'' (1955)]] |
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Primarily recognized as a musical-comedy actress, Day began to accept more dramatic roles in order to broaden her range. Her dramatic star turn as singer [[Ruth Etting]] in ''[[Love Me or Leave Me (film)|Love Me or Leave Me]]'' (1955), with top billing above [[James Cagney]], received critical and commercial success, becoming Day's greatest film success to that point.<ref name="LisantiPaul2002">{{cite book|last1=Lisanti|first1=Tom|last2=Paul|first2=Louis|title=Film Fatales: Women in Espionage Films and Television, 1962–1973|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4VJCaXXANA0C&pg=PA104|access-date=August 8, 2013|date=2002|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-1194-8|page=104}}</ref> Cagney said that she had "the ability to project the simple, direct statement of a simple, direct idea without cluttering it," comparing her performance to that of [[Laurette Taylor]] in the Broadway production ''[[The Glass Menagerie]]'' (1945).<ref>Aljean Harmetz (2019). "Doris Day, Charming Star With a Golden Voice, Dies at 97". ''The New York Times''. p. 7</ref> Day felt that it was her best film performance. The film's producer [[Joe Pasternak]] said, "I was stunned that Doris did not get an Oscar nomination."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bawden|first1=Jim|title=His long career making top films also made many stars|url=http://www.thecolumnists.com/bawden/bawden59.html|publisher=TheColumnists.com|access-date=April 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101131004/http://www.thecolumnists.com/bawden/bawden59.html|archive-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref> The film's soundtrack album became a No. 1 hit.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Best Selling Popular Albums|magazine=Billboard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94|access-date=April 3, 2017|date=November 12, 1955|page=94}}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqZelp1SDsA ''Love Me Or Leave Me'' – Trailer], Warner Movies</ref> |
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Day starred in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s suspense film ''[[The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)]]'' opposite James Stewart. She sang two songs in the film, "[[Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)]]", which won an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]],<ref name="Tyler2008 2">{{cite book|last=Tyler|first=Don|title=Music of the Postwar Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dgJVseZAlsC&pg=PA113|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-34191-5|pages=113–14}}</ref> and "We'll Love Again". The film was Day's 10th to reach the top 10 at the box office. She played the title role in the film noir thriller ''[[Julie (1956 film)|Julie]]'' (1956) with [[Louis Jourdan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Doris Day Due Tonight for Premiere|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21285390/the_cincinnati_enquirer/|access-date=June 26, 2018|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|date=October 7, 1956|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}</ref> |
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She starred in the western film ''[[The Ballad of Josie]]'' (1967). That same year, Day recorded ''[[The Love Album (Doris Day album)|The Love Album]]'', although it was not released until 1994.<ref name="Day">{{cite web|url=http://www.dorisday.com/about|title=Doris Day|type=Official website|contribution=About|accessdate=September 23, 2010}}</ref> The following year (1968), she starred in the comedy film ''[[Where Were You When the Lights Went Out?]]'' which centers on the [[Northeast blackout of November 9, 1965]]. Her final feature, the comedy ''[[With Six You Get Eggroll]]'', was released in 1968.<ref name=TCM2013>{{cite web|last=Landazuri|first=Margarita|title=With Six You Get Eggroll|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/202563%7C0/With-Six-You-Get-Eggroll.html|work=Turner Classic Movies|accessdate=August 8, 2013}}</ref> From 1959 through 1970, Day received nine Laurel Award nominations (and won four times) for best female performance in eight comedies and one drama. From 1959 through 1969, she received six Golden Globe nominations for best female performance in three comedies, one drama (''Midnight Lace''), one musical (''Jumbo''), and her television series. |
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After three successive dramatic films, Day returned to her musical/comedic roots in ''[[The Pajama Game (film)|The Pajama Game]]'' (1957) with [[John Raitt]], based on the Broadway play of [[The Pajama Game|the same name]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stratton|first1=David|title=The Pajama Game: The Classic|url=http://www.abc.net.au/atthemovies/txt/s4128422.htm|website=[[At the Movies (Australian TV series)|At the Movies]]|access-date=April 3, 2017|date=November 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324224243/http://www.abc.net.au/atthemovies/txt/s4128422.htm|archive-date=March 24, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> She appeared in the [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] comedy ''[[Teacher's Pet (1958 film)|Teacher's Pet]]'' (1958) alongside [[Clark Gable]] and [[Gig Young]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=W.|first1=A.|title='Teacher's Pet', Story of Fourth Estate, Opens at Capitol|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E07E0DE1031E73BBC4851DFB5668383649EDE|access-date=April 3, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=March 20, 1958}}</ref> She costarred with [[Richard Widmark]] and Gig Young in the romantic comedy film ''[[The Tunnel of Love]]'' (1958)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Crowther|first1=Bosley|title='Tunnel of Love'; Widmark, Doris Day Star in Roxy Film|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E01EED9143DE53BBC4A51DFB7678383649EDE|access-date=April 3, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=November 22, 1958}}</ref> and with [[Jack Lemmon]] in ''[[It Happened to Jane]]'' (1959). |
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===Bankruptcy and television career=== |
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When her third husband [[Martin Melcher]] died on April 20, 1968, a shocked Day discovered that Melcher and his business partner Jerome Bernard Rosenthal had squandered her earnings,<ref group=Note>Jerome Bernard Rosenthal (born April 1, 1911 – died August 15, 2007) was [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admitted to the State Bar of California]] on June 11, 1946 after graduating from the University of Chicago Law School. His clients included Ross Hunter, Van Johnson and Gordon MacRae. Rosenthal was Day's lawyer, business manager, and tax adviser under a May 1956 agreement (in which he was to receive 10% of virtually everything owned or earned by Day and Melcher).</ref> leaving her deeply in debt.<ref name="Sonneborn2002">{{cite book|last=Sonneborn|first=Liz|title=A to Z of American Women in the Performing Arts|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Yf2741A_BkYC&pg=PA52|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=January 1, 2002|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0790-5|page=52}}</ref> Rosenthal had been her attorney since 1949, when he represented her in her uncontested divorce action against her second husband, saxophonist [[George W. Weidler]]. In February 1969, Day filed suit against Rosenthal and won the then-largest civil judgment (over $20 million) in the state of California. (She later settled for about one-quarter of the amount originally awarded.)<ref name="metnews"/> |
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''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} annual nationwide poll of disc jockeys had ranked Day as the No. 1 female vocalist nine times in ten years (1949 through 1958), but her success and popularity as a singer was now being overshadowed by her box-office appeal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dorisday.net/recordings/|title=The Films of Doris Day: recordings|website=Dorisday.net|date=October 14, 2015 }}</ref> |
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Day also learned that Melcher had committed her to a television series, which became ''[[The Doris Day Show]]''.{{quote |"It was awful", Day told ''[[OK!|OK! Magazine]]'' in 1996. "I was really, really not very well when Marty [Melcher] passed away, and the thought of going into TV was overpowering. But he'd signed me up for a series. And then my son Terry [Melcher] took me walking in [[Beverly Hills]] and explained that it wasn't nearly the end of it. I had also been signed up for a bunch of [[TV specials]], all without anyone ever asking me."}} |
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===Box-office success (1959–1968)=== |
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Day hated the idea of doing television, but felt obliged to it.<ref name="TCM2013"/> "There was a contract. I didn't know about it. I never wanted to do TV, but I gave it 100 percent anyway. That's the only way I know how to do it."{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} The first episode of ''The Doris Day Show'' aired on September 24, 1968, and, from 1968 to 1973, employed "Que Sera, Sera" as its theme song. Day grudgingly persevered (she needed the work to help pay off her debts), but only after [[CBS]] ceded creative control to her and her son. The successful show enjoyed a five-year run (its second season finished in the Top 10 of the Nielsen ratings), and functioned as a curtain-raiser for ''[[The Carol Burnett Show]]''. It is remembered today for its abrupt season-to-season changes in casting and premise. It was not widely syndicated as many of its contemporaries were, and was re-broadcast very little outside the United States, Australia and the UK.{{Sfn|McGee|2005|pp=227–228}} By the end of its run in 1973, public tastes had changed and her firmly established persona regarded as passé. She largely retired from acting after ''The Doris Day Show'', but did complete two television specials, ''The Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff Special'' (1971) and ''Doris Day to Day'' (1975). She appeared in a [[John Denver]] TV special in 1974.<ref name="Day"/> |
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[[File:DorisDay-midnightlace.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Day in a publicity portrait for ''[[Midnight Lace]]'' (1960)]] |
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In 1959, Day entered her most successful phase as a film actress with a series of romantic comedies<ref name="Gourley2008">{{cite book|last=Gourley|first=Catherine|title=Gidgets and Women Warriors: Perceptions of Women in the 1950s and 1960s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lH55EmxkbkC&pg=PA40|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-0-8225-6805-6|page=40}}</ref><ref name="Monteith2008">{{cite book|last=Monteith|first=Sharon|title=American Culture in the 1960s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dG0vvkizM0C&pg=PA80|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2008|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-1947-4|page=80}}</ref> beginning with ''[[Pillow Talk (film)|Pillow Talk]]'' (1959), costarring [[Rock Hudson]], who became a lifelong friend, and [[Tony Randall]]. Day received a nomination for an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]],<ref name="Finler2003">{{cite book|last=Finler|first=Joel Waldo|title=The Hollywood Story|url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodstory0000finl|url-access=registration|access-date=August 9, 2013|year=2003|publisher=Wallflower Press|isbn=978-1-903364-66-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodstory0000finl/page/281 281]}}</ref> her only career Oscar nomination.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pillow Talk |last=Levy |first=Emanuel |author-link=Emanuel Levy |date=July 25, 2007 |url=http://emanuellevy.com/review/dvd/pillow-talk-5/ }}{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Day, Hudson and Randall appeared in two more films together, ''[[Lover Come Back (1961 film)|Lover Come Back]]'' (1961) and ''[[Send Me No Flowers]]'' (1964).<ref name="Glitre2006">{{cite book|last=Glitre|first=Kathrina|title=Hollywood Romantic Comedy: States of the Union, 1934–1965|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BV7iokIuY4MC&pg=PA159|access-date=August 9, 2013|date=2006|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-7079-2|page=159}}</ref> |
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Along with [[David Niven]] and [[Janis Paige]], Day starred in ''[[Please Don't Eat the Daisies (film)|Please Don't Eat the Daisies]]'' (1960) and with [[Cary Grant]] in the comedy ''[[That Touch of Mink]]'' (1962).<ref>{{cite web |title=Doris Day, Cary Grant, That Touch of Mink (1962) {{!}} The Films of Doris Day |url=https://www.dorisday.net/that-touch-of-mink/ |website=www.dorisday.net|date=July 25, 2015 }}</ref> During 1960 and the 1962-1964 period, she ranked No. 1 at the box office, the second woman to be No. 1 four times, an accomplishment equaled by no other actress except [[Shirley Temple]].<ref name="AljeanHarmetz">{{cite book|last=Harmetz|first=Aljean |title=Wholesome Box-Office Star and Golden Voice of 'Que Sera, Sera'.|year=2019|work=The New York Times|page=1}}</ref> She set a record that has yet to be matched by receiving seven consecutive [[Laurel Awards]] as the top female box-office star.<ref name="Morris1976">{{cite book|last=Morris|first=George|title=Doris Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bu9kAAAAMAAJ|access-date=August 9, 2013|year=1976|publisher=Pyramid Publications|isbn=978-0-515-03959-7|page=10}}</ref> |
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In the 1985–86 season, Day hosted her own television talk show, ''Doris Day's Best Friends'', on [[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Oberman|first=Tracy-Ann|title=Rock and Doris and Elizabeth: a moment that changed Hollywood|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2012/oct/15/rock-hudson-revealed-aids|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=July 4, 2013|date=October 16, 2012|location=London}}</ref> The network canceled the show after 26 episodes, despite the worldwide publicity it received. |
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Day teamed with James Garner starting with ''[[The Thrill of It All (film)|The Thrill of It All]]'', followed by ''[[Move Over, Darling]]'' (both 1963).<ref name="Harding2012">{{cite book|last=Harding|first=Les|title=They Knew Marilyn Monroe: Famous Persons in the Life of the Hollywood Icon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvwH7euUccIC&pg=PA47|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2012|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9014-1|page=47}}</ref> The film's theme song "[[Move Over Darling (song)|Move Over Darling]]", cowritten by her son, reached No. 8 in the UK.<ref name="Pilchak2005">{{cite book|last=Pilchak|first=Angela|title=Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6wk5AQAAIAAJ|access-date=August 9, 2013|date=2005|publisher=Gale|page=133|isbn=9780787680664}}</ref> Between these comedic film appearances, Day costarred with [[Rex Harrison]] in the thriller ''[[Midnight Lace]]'' (1960), an update of the stage thriller ''[[Gaslight (play)|Gaslight]]''.<ref name="Waller1987">{{cite book|last=Waller|first=Gregory Albert|title=American Horrors: Essays on the Modern American Horror Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AavstWM6jjIC&pg=PA166|access-date=August 8, 2013|date=1987|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-01448-2|page=166}}</ref> |
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===1970s=== |
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On September 18, 1974, courts awarded Day $22,835,646 for fraud and [[malpractice]] in an hour-long oral decision by Superior Judge Lester E. Olson, ending a 99-day trial that involved 18 consolidated lawsuits and countersuits filed by Day and Rosenthal that involved Rosenthal's handling of her finances after she terminated him in July 1968.<ref name=metnews>{{cite news|last=Grace|first=Roger M.|title='Uncle Jerry' Faces the Music in Court, in State Bar Proceeding|url=http://www.metnews.com/articles/2007/perspectives100907.htm|accessdate=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Metropolitan News-Enterprise}}</ref> The civil trial included 14,451 pages of transcript from 67 witnesses. Represented by attorney Robert Winslow and the law firm of Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP, Day was awarded $1 million punitive damages, $5.6 million plus $2 million interest for losses incurred in a sham oil venture; $3.4 million plus $1.2 million interest over a hotel venture; $2.2 million plus $793,800 interest for duplicate or unnecessary fees paid to Rosenthal; more than $2 million to recoup loans to Rosenthal; $3.9 million plus $1 million interest for fraud, and $850,000 attorney fees for Day. Olson enjoined Rosenthal from filing any further lawsuits against Day or her business operations. (Rosenthal had filed more than 20 suits from 1969 to 1974). Olson, an expert in complex financial marital settlements, read every page of 3,275 individual exhibits and 68 boxes of miscellaneous financial records. In October 1979, Rosenthal's liability insurer settled with Day for about $6 million payable in 23 annual installments.<ref name=Disbarred1987>{{cite news|last=Hager|first=Philip|title=Doris Day's Former Lawyer Disbarred|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-07-14/news/mn-4016_1_doris-day|accessdate=August 9, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=July 14, 1987}}</ref> |
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Day's next film ''[[Do Not Disturb (1965 film)|Do Not Disturb]]'' (1965) was popular with audiences, but her popularity soon waned. By the late 1960s, in the period of the emerging [[sexual revolution]], some critics and comics dubbed Day "The World's Oldest Virgin,"<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Doris Day|type=Filmography|title=[[The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McCormick|first=Neil|title=Doris Day: sexy side of the girl next door|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8711630/Doris-Day-sexy-side-of-the-girl-next-door.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/8711630/Doris-Day-sexy-side-of-the-girl-next-door.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=August 8, 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=August 20, 2011|location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and she slipped from the list of top box-office stars, last appearing in the top ten with the hit film ''[[The Glass Bottom Boat]]'' (1966). Among the roles that she declined was that of Mrs. Robinson in ''[[The Graduate]]'', a role that eventually went to [[Anne Bancroft]].<ref name="Grindon2011">{{cite book|last=Grindon|first=Leger|title=The Hollywood Romantic Comedy: Conventions, History and Controversies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=okkZPTEnYqMC&pg=PT87|access-date=August 8, 2013|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-9595-2|page=87}}</ref> In her memoirs, Day said that she had rejected the part on moral grounds, finding the script "vulgar and offensive."<ref>{{cite web|last=Kashner|first=Sam|title=Here's to You, Mr. Nichols: The Making of ''The Graduate''|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/03/graduate200803|access-date=January 17, 2014|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=March 2008}}</ref> |
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Rosenthal filed an appeal in the 2nd District Court of Appeal. He filed six additional lawsuits related to the case. Two were libel suits, one against Day and her publishers over comments she made about Rosenthal in her book in which he sought damages. The others sought court determinations that insurance companies and individual lawyers failed to defend Rosenthal properly before Olson and in appellate stages. In April 1979, he filed an unsuccessful suit to set aside the $6 million settlement with Day and recover damages from everyone involved in agreeing, supposedly without his permission, to the payment. {{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} |
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Day starred in the Western film ''[[The Ballad of Josie]]'' in 1967. That same year, Day recorded ''[[The Love Album (Doris Day album)|The Love Album]]'', although it was not released until 1994.<ref name="Day">{{cite web|url=http://www.dorisday.com/about|type=Official website|title=About|access-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref> In 1968, she starred in the comedy film ''[[Where Were You When the Lights Went Out?]]'' about the [[Northeast blackout of November 9, 1965]]. Her final feature, the comedy ''[[With Six You Get Eggroll]]'', was released in 1968.<ref name=TCM2013>{{cite web|last=Landazuri|first=Margarita|title=With Six You Get Eggroll|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/202563%7C0/With-Six-You-Get-Eggroll.html|work=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=August 8, 2013}}</ref> |
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From 1959 to 1970, Day received nine Laurel Award nominations (and won four times) for best female performance in eight comedies and one drama. From 1959 through 1969, she received six [[Golden Globe]] nominations for best female performance in three comedies, one drama (''Midnight Lace''), one musical (''Jumbo'') and her television series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Doris Day|url=http://www.goldenglobes.com/person/doris-day|publisher=[[Golden Globes]]|access-date=January 26, 2016}}</ref> |
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===Bankruptcy and television career=== |
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[[File:Doris Day on television show set.JPG|thumb|left|On the set of ''[[The Doris Day Show]]'']] |
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After her third husband [[Martin Melcher]] died on April 20, 1968, Day was shocked to discover that Melcher and his business partner and advisor Jerome Bernard Rosenthal had squandered her earnings, leaving her deeply in debt.<ref name="Sonneborn2002">{{cite book|last=Sonneborn|first=Liz|title=A to Z of American Women in the Performing Arts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yf2741A_BkYC&pg=PA52|access-date=August 8, 2013|date=2002|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0790-5|page=52}}</ref> Rosenthal had been her attorney since 1949 when he had represented her in her uncontested divorce action against her second husband, saxophonist [[George W. Weidler]]. Day filed suit against Rosenthal in February 1969 and won a successful decision in 1974, but she did not receive compensation until a settlement was reached in 1979.<ref name=metnews>{{cite news|last=Grace|first=Roger M.|title='Uncle Jerry' Faces the Music in Court, in State Bar Proceeding|url=http://www.metnews.com/articles/2007/perspectives100907.htm|access-date=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Metropolitan News-Enterprise}}</ref> |
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Day also learned to her displeasure that Melcher had committed her to a television series that became ''[[The Doris Day Show]]''. |
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{{blockquote|text=It was awful. I was really, really not very well when Marty [Melcher] passed away, and the thought of going into TV was overpowering. But he'd signed me up for a series. And then my son Terry [Melcher] took me walking in [[Beverly Hills]] and explained that it wasn't nearly the end of it. I had also been signed up for a bunch of TV specials, all without anyone ever asking me.|author=Doris Day|source=''OK!'' magazine, 1996<ref>{{cite news|title=5 Things You Didn't Know About Doris Day|url=https://www.etonline.com/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-doris-day-from-rejecting-her-americas-virgin-image-to-not-knowing-her#:~:text=She%20actually%20didn%27t,from%201968%2D1973.|accessdate=22 November 2024|publisher=etonline.com}}</ref>}} |
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Day hated the idea of performing on television but felt obligated to forge ahead with the series.<ref name="TCM2013"/> The first episode of ''The Doris Day Show'' aired on September 24, 1968,<ref>{{cite news|title=Doris Day Heads Own Show|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2406&dat=19680912&id=XwMrAAAAIBAJ&pg=2991,4638121|access-date=January 26, 2016|work=Hawkins County Post|date=September 12, 1968}}</ref> and featured a rerecorded version of "Que Sera, Sera" as its theme song. Day persevered with the show, needing to work to repay her debts, but only after [[CBS]] ceded creative control to her and her son. The show enjoyed a successful five-year run,<ref name="ABCSnares">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1345&dat=19901003&id=mhhXAAAAIBAJ&pg=6790,370864|title=ABC snares Doris Day for TV movies|access-date=January 26, 2016|work=Spokane Chronicle|date=October 3, 1990}}</ref> although it may be best remembered for its abrupt season-to-season changes in casting and premise.{{Sfn|McGee|2005|pp=227–28}} |
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[[File:Doris Day John Denver 1975.JPG|thumb|Day with [[John Denver]] on the TV special ''Doris Day Today''<br />(CBS, February 19, 1975)<ref name=IMDbToday>{{IMDb title|0313992|Doris Day Today |description=(TV special, February 19, 1975)}}</ref>]] |
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After the end of the television show's run in 1973, Day largely retired from acting but completed two television specials, ''The Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff Special'' (1971)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0356548/|title=The Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff Special|access-date=April 17, 2019|website=IMDb|date=March 14, 1971}}</ref> and ''Doris Day Today'' (1975),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0313992/|title=Doris Day Today|access-date=April 17, 2019|website=IMDb|date=February 19, 1975}}</ref> and she was a guest on various shows in the 1970s. |
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In the 1985–86 season, Day hosted her own television talk show, ''Doris Day's Best Friends'', on the [[Christian Broadcasting Network]] (CBN).<ref name="ABCSnares"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Oberman|first=Tracy-Ann|title=Rock and Doris and Elizabeth: a moment that changed Hollywood|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2012/oct/15/rock-hudson-revealed-aids|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=July 4, 2013|date=October 16, 2012|location=London}}</ref> The network canceled the show after 26 episodes despite the worldwide publicity that it had received. One episode featured [[Rock Hudson]], who was showing the first public symptoms of [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]], including severe weight loss and fatigue. He died from the disease later that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20202713,00.html|title=Hudson's Day of Revelation|last=Martin|first=James A.|date=July 11, 1997|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=December 25, 2012|archive-date=July 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702210612/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20202713,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Day later said, "He was very sick. But I just brushed that off and I came out and put my arms around him and said, 'Am I glad to see you'."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/obituaries/doris-day-death.html|title= Wholesome Box-Office Star and Golden Voice of 'Que Sera, Sera|last= Harmetz|first= Aljean|date= May 13, 2019|website= [[The New York Times]]|access-date= June 18, 2019|quote= Ms.Day said, "He was very sick. But I just brushed that off and I came out and put my arms around him and said, 'Am I glad to see you.}}</ref> |
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===1980s and 1990s=== |
===1980s and 1990s=== |
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In October 1985, the [[Supreme Court of California]] rejected Rosenthal's appeal of the multimillion-dollar judgment awarded to Day in her suit against him for [[legal malpractice]] and upheld the conclusions of a trial court and an appeals court<ref> |
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In October 1985, the California Supreme Court rejected Rosenthal's appeal of the multimillion-dollar judgment against him for legal malpractice, and upheld conclusions of a trial court and a Court of Appeal that Rosenthal acted improperly. In April 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the lower court's judgment. In June 1987, Rosenthal filed a $30 million lawsuit against lawyers he claimed cheated him out of millions of dollars in real estate investments. He named Day as a co-defendant, describing her as an "unwilling, involuntary plaintiff whose consent cannot be obtained". Rosenthal claimed that millions of dollars Day lost were in real estate sold after Melcher died in 1968, in which Rosenthal asserted that the attorneys gave Day bad advice, telling her to sell, at a loss, three hotels, in [[Palo Alto, California]], [[Dallas, Texas]] and [[Atlanta, Georgia]] and some oil leases in [[Kentucky]] and [[Ohio]]. Rosenthal claimed he had made the investments under a long-term plan, and did not intend to sell them until they appreciated in value. Two of the hotels sold in 1970 for about $7 million, and their estimated worth in 1986 was $50 million. In July 1984, after a hearing panel of the State Bar Court, after 80 days of testimony and consideration of documentary evidence, the panel accused Rosenthal of 13 separate acts of misconduct and urged his disbarment in a 34-page unsigned opinion.<ref name=Disbarred1987/> The State Bar Court's review department upheld the panel's findings, which asked the justices to order Rosenthal's disbarment. He continued representing clients in federal courts until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against him on March 21, 1988. Disbarment by the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals followed on August 19, 1988. The Supreme Court of California, in affirming the disbarment, held that Rosenthal had engaged in transactions involving undisclosed conflicts of interest, took positions adverse to his former clients, overstated expenses, double-billed for legal fees, failed to return client files, failed to provide access to records, failed to give adequate legal advice, failed to provide clients with an opportunity to obtain independent counsel, filed fraudulent claims, gave false testimony, engaged in conduct designed to harass his clients, delayed court proceedings, obstructed justice and abused legal process. Rosenthal died August 15, 2007, at the age of 96.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metnews.com/articles/2007/perspectives100107.htm|title='Uncle Jerry' — Jerome B. Rosenthal — Is Dead|first=Roger M.|last=Grace|date=October 1, 2007|publisher=Metropolitan News-Enterprise|accessdate=August 19, 2012}}</ref> |
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''Day v. Rosenthal'', 170 Cal.App.3d 1132 (1985)</ref> that Rosenthal had acted improperly.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-10-17-mn-14780-story.html|title=High Court Rejects Judgment Appeal : Doris Day Wins 17-Year Battle With Ex-Attorney|last=Morain|first=Dan|date=October 17, 1985|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=May 14, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> In April 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the lower court's judgment. In June 1987, Rosenthal filed a $30 million lawsuit against lawyers who he claimed had cheated him out of millions of dollars in real-estate investments. He named Day as a codefendant, describing her as an "unwilling, involuntary plaintiff whose consent cannot be obtained." Rosenthal claimed that much of the money that Day had lost was the result of the unwise advice of other attorneys who had suggested that she sell three hotels at a loss, as well as some oil leases in [[Kentucky]] and [[Ohio]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-14-re-7056-story.html|title=Doris Day Investments Subject of Suit|last=Ryon|first=Ruth|date=June 14, 1987|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=May 14, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> He claimed that he had made the investments under a long-term plan and did not intend to sell them until they appreciated in value. Two of the hotels sold in 1970 for about $7 million, and their estimated worth in 1986 was $50 million.<ref name="Disbarred1987">{{cite news|last=Hager|first=Philip|title=Doris Day's Former Lawyer Disbarred|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-07-14-mn-4016-story.html|access-date=August 9, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=July 14, 1987}}</ref> |
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[[Terry Melcher]] stated that |
[[Terry Melcher]] stated that his father's premature death saved Day from financial ruin. It was not known whether Martin Melcher had himself been duped by Rosenthal,<ref name="Champlin1988">{{cite news|last=Champlin|first=Charles|title=Doris Day: Singing and Looking for Pet Projects|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-03-13-ca-1534-story.html|access-date=August 9, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 13, 1988}}</ref> and Day stated publicly that she believed him to be innocent of any deliberate wrongdoing, stating that he "simply trusted the wrong person."<ref>{{Citation|title=Doris Day: A Sentimental Journey|type=Television Documentary|publisher=Arwin Productions, PBS|year=1991}}</ref> According to author David Kaufman, Day's former costar [[Louis Jourdan]] maintained that Day disliked her husband,<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kaufman|first=David|title=Doris Day's Vanishing Act|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/05/dorisday200805|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=January 17, 2014|date=May 2008|ref=none|quote=Both Doris and I hated the director [Andrew L. Stone]. I also disliked her husband, and I was surprised to discover she did, too.}}</ref> but Day's public statements regarding Melcher appear to contradict that assertion.{{Sfn|Hotchner|1975|p=226}} |
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Day was scheduled to present, along with [[Patrick Swayze]] and [[Marvin Hamlisch]], the Best Original Score Oscar at the 61st |
Day was scheduled to present, along with [[Patrick Swayze]] and [[Marvin Hamlisch]], the award for Best Original Score Oscar at the [[61st Academy Awards]] in March 1989, but she suffered a deep leg cut from a sprinkler and was unable to attend.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cut keeps Doris Day from Academy Awards|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10047563/the_republic/|access-date=April 4, 2017|work=[[The Republic (Columbus, Indiana)|The Republic]]|agency=Associated Press|via=Newspapers.com|date=March 30, 1989|page=A2}} {{free access}}</ref> |
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Day was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1981 and received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for career achievement in 1989. In 1994, Day's Greatest Hits album |
Day was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1981 and received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for career achievement in 1989.<ref>video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhdtG6CtT0k "Doris Day Receives the Cecil B. Demille Award – Golden Globes 1989"], Dick Clark Productions</ref> In 1994, Day's ''Greatest Hits'' album entered the British charts.<ref name="Day" /> Her cover of "[[Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps]]" was included in the soundtrack of the Australian film ''[[Strictly Ballroom]].''<ref>{{cite web|last=Ruhlmann|first=William|title=Strictly Ballroom [CBS] – Original Soundtrack|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/strictly-ballroom-cbs-mw0000090706|work=AllMusic|access-date=August 8, 2013}}</ref> |
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===2000s=== |
===2000s=== |
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Day participated in celebrations of her birthday with an annual Doris Day music marathon.<ref>[http://wvxu.org/post/preview-doris-day-movie-marathon-happening-april-3#stream/0 "A preview of the Doris Day Movie Marathon happening April 3"], WVXU, March 28, 2014</ref> |
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In 2000, Day received the Ohio Medal of Honor, that state's highest civilian award. In 2006, Day recorded a commentary for the DVD release of the fifth (and final) season of her television show. Day has participated in telephone interviews with a radio station that celebrates her birthday with an annual Doris Day music marathon. In July 2008, she appeared on the [[Southern California]] radio show of longtime friend, newscaster [[George Putnam (newsman)|George Putnam]], reported in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Day turned down a tribute offer from the [[American Film Institute]] and from the Kennedy Center Honors because they require attendance in person. In 2004, she was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by President [[George W. Bush]] for her achievements in the entertainment industry and for her work on behalf of animals.<ref>{{cite news|title=President Bush Presents the Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/06/20040623-8.html|accessdate=January 17, 2014|newspaper=[[The White House]]|date=June 23, 2004|agency=[[White House Office of the Press Secretary]]}}</ref> President Bush stated, "It was a good day for our fellow creatures when she gave her good heart to the cause of animal welfare."<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.ddal.org/about/dorisday|title=Doris Day profile|publisher=DDAL}}</ref> Day declined to attend the ceremony due to her [[fear of flying]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Fear of flying keeps Doris Day grounded|url=http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2004/06/24/tem_people24day.html|accessdate=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Enquirer|date=June 24, 2004}}</ref> |
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She declined tribute offers from the [[American Film Institute]] and the [[Kennedy Center Honors]] because they both require that recipients attend in person. In 2004, she was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by President [[George W. Bush]] for her achievements in the entertainment industry and for her work on behalf of animals.<ref name=Medal>{{cite news|title=President Bush Presents the Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/06/20040623-8.html|access-date=January 17, 2014|newspaper=[[White House]]|date=June 23, 2004|agency=[[White House Office of the Press Secretary]]}}</ref> President Bush stated:{{blockquote|text=In the years since, she has kept her fans and shown the breadth of her talent in television and the movies. She starred on screen with leading men from Jimmy Stewart to Ronald Reagan, from Rock Hudson to James Garner. It was a good day for America when Doris Marianne von Kappelhoff (sic) of Evanston, Ohio decided to become an entertainer. It was a good day for our fellow creatures when she gave her good heart to the cause of animal welfare. Doris Day is one of the greats, and America will always love its sweetheart.<ref name=Medal/>}} |
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Both columnist [[Liz Smith (journalist)|Liz Smith]] and film critic [[Rex Reed]] have mounted vigorous campaigns to gather support for an honorary [[Academy Award]] for Day to herald her film career and her status as the top female box-office star of all time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Liz|title=Let's Give Doris Day An Award|url=http://www.thirdage.com/blogs/lets-give-doris-day-award|work=ThirdAge|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=November 27, 2011|quote=When, oh when, will Doris receive her long-overdue honorary Academy Award?}}</ref> Day received a [[Grammy Award|Grammy]] for Lifetime Achievement in Music in 2008, albeit again in absentia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lifetime Achievement Award|url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/lifetime-awards|work=grammy.org|accessdate=July 4, 2013}}</ref> She received three Grammy Hall of Fame Awards, in 1998, 1999 and 2012 for her recordings of "Sentimental Journey", "Secret Love", and "Que Sera, Sera", respectively. Day was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007,<ref>{{cite web|title=Inductees|url=http://hitparadehalloffame.com/inductees/|work=[[Hit Parade Hall of Fame]]|accessdate=January 17, 2014}}</ref> and in 2010 received the first Legend Award ever presented by the Society of Singers.<ref name="Day"/> |
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Columnist [[Liz Smith (journalist)|Liz Smith]] and film critic [[Rex Reed]] mounted vigorous campaigns to gather support for an [[Academy Honorary Award]] for Day.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Liz|title=Let's Give Doris Day An Award|url=http://www.thirdage.com/blogs/lets-give-doris-day-award|work=ThirdAge|access-date=August 8, 2013|date=November 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112045801/http://www.thirdage.com/blogs/lets-give-doris-day-award|archive-date=November 12, 2013|quote=When, oh when, will Doris receive her long-overdue honorary Academy Award?}}</ref> According to ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', the academy had offered her the honorary Oscar multiple times, but she declined as she saw the film industry as a part of her past life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/at-95-doris-day-gets-as-tabloid-ink-as-kardashians-990478|title=At 95, Doris Day Gets As Much Tabloid Ink As the Kardashians|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 3, 2017}}</ref> Day received a [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] for Lifetime Achievement in Music in 2008, albeit again in absentia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lifetime Achievement Award|url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/lifetime-awards|work=grammy.org|access-date=July 4, 2013|archive-date=February 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217153829/http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/lifetime-awards|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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Day received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards in 1998, 1999 and 2012 for her recordings of "Sentimental Journey", "Secret Love" and "Que Sera, Sera", respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=GRAMMY Hall of Fame|url=https://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame|website=Grammy.org|publisher=[[The Recording Academy]]|access-date=April 3, 2017|archive-date=June 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626200735/https://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007,<ref>{{cite web|title=Inductees|url=http://hitparadehalloffame.com/inductees/|work=[[Hit Parade Hall of Fame]]|access-date=January 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085333/http://hitparadehalloffame.com/inductees/|archive-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and in 2010 received the first Legend Award presented by the Society of Singers.<ref name="Day"/> |
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===2010s=== |
===2010s=== |
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At the age of 89, Day released ''[[My Heart (Doris Day album)|My Heart]]'' in the United Kingdom on September 5, 2011, her first new album since the 1994 release of ''[[The Love Album (Doris Day album)|The Love Album]]'', which had been recorded in 1967.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cody|first1=Antony|title=Doris Day releases first album in 17 years|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/8733546/Doris-Day-releases-first-album-in-17-years.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/8733546/Doris-Day-releases-first-album-in-17-years.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=May 18, 2017|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=September 1, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The album is a compilation of previously unreleased recordings produced by Day's son Terry Melcher. Tracks include the 1970s [[Joe Cocker]] hit "[[You Are So Beautiful]]", [[the Beach Boys]]' "[[Disney Girls (1957)|Disney Girls]]" and jazz standards such as "[[My Buddy (song)|My Buddy]]", which Day originally sang in the film ''I'll See You in My Dreams'' (1951).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Elber|first1=Lynn|title=Doris Day sings out for 1st time in 17 years|url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/pittsburgh-post-gazette/20111129/284459980533887|access-date=May 18, 2017|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|agency=Associated Press|date=November 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cooper|first1=Leonie|title=87 year-old Doris Day to release new album|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/various-artists-3568-1271721|access-date=May 18, 2017|work=NME|date=August 15, 2011}}</ref> |
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In the U.S., the album reached No. 12 on [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]'s bestseller list and helped raise funds for the [[Doris Day Animal League]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/464665/weekly-chart-notes-doris-day-gloria-estefan-selena-gomez|title=Weekly Chart Notes: Doris Day, Gloria Estefan, Selena Gomez – Chart Beat|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref> Day became the oldest artist to score a UK Top 10 with an album featuring new material.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-14870590|work=BBC News|title=Doris Day makes UK chart history|date=September 11, 2011|access-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref> |
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In January 2012, the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] presented Day with a Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/doris-day-wins-lifetime-achievement-award-la-film-critics-32300|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031080033/http://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/doris-day-wins-lifetime-achievement-award-la-film-critics-32300|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 31, 2011|title=Doris Day Wins Lifetime Achievement Award from L.A. Film Critics|date=October 29, 2011|publisher=The wrap|access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kilday|first1=Gregg|title=Doris Day to Receive Career Achievement Award From Los Angeles Film Critics Association|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/doris-day-los-angeles-film-critics-association-awards-254981|access-date=April 4, 2017|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=October 29, 2011}}</ref> |
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In April 2014, Day made an unexpected public appearance to attend the annual Doris Day Animal Foundation benefit.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNeil|first1=Liz|title=Doris Day Makes Her First Public Appearance in More Than 2 Decades|url=https://people.com/celebrity/doris-day-makes-her-first-public-appearance-in-more-than-2-decades/|access-date=June 26, 2018|work=People|date=April 9, 2014}}</ref> |
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[[Clint Eastwood]] offered Day a role in a film that he was planning to direct in 2015,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Benjamin|title=Doris Day reportedly lured out of retirement by Clint Eastwood|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/sep/22/doris-day-out-retirement-clint-eastwood|access-date=June 26, 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> but she eventually declined.<ref>{{cite news|title=Doris Day: not quite the girl next door|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/doris-day-not-quite-the-girl-next-door-34588666.html|access-date=June 26, 2018|work=[[Irish Independent]]|date=April 3, 2016}}</ref> |
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Day granted ABC a telephone interview on her birthday in 2016 that was accompanied by photos of her life and career.<ref>{{cite web|title=Doris Day Shares Never-Before-Seen Photo for 92nd Birthday|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/doris-day-celebrates-92nd-birthday-poses-photos/story?id=38139254|website=ABC News|access-date=May 18, 2017|date=April 5, 2016}}</ref> |
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==Activism== |
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During the filming of ''[[The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)|The Man Who Knew Too Much]]'', Day observed the mistreatment of animals in a marketplace scene and was inspired to act against animal abuse. She was so appalled at the conditions with which the animals used in filming were kept that she refused to work unless they received sufficient food and proper care. The production company erected feeding stations for the animals and fed them every day before Day would agree to return to work. |
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In 1971, she cofounded Actors and Others for Animals and appeared in a series of newspaper advertisements denouncing the wearing of fur along with [[Mary Tyler Moore]], [[Angie Dickinson]] and [[Jayne Meadows]].{{Sfn|Patrick|McGee|2006|p=132|ps=, photograph of ad.}} |
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In 1978, Day founded the Doris Day Pet Foundation, now the Doris Day Animal Foundation (DDAF).<ref name="Grudens2001">{{cite book|last=Grudens|first=Richard|title=Sally Bennett's Magic Moments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6M6S4t4ejcC&pg=PA115|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2001|publisher=Celebrity Profiles Publishing|isbn=978-1-57579-181-4|page=115}}</ref> An independent nonprofit [[501(c)(3) organization|501(c)(3) grant-giving public charity]], DDAF funds other nonprofit causes that promote animal welfare.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dorisdayanimalfoundation.org/about.html|title=About DDAF|newspaper=Doris Day Animal Foundation|access-date=July 30, 2013}}</ref> |
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To complement the Doris Day Animal Foundation, Day formed the [[Doris Day Animal League]] (DDAL) in 1987, a national nonprofit citizens' lobbying organization on behalf of animals.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover's Soul: Stories about Pets as Teachers, Healers, Heroes, and Friends|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIPdhSiMN48C&pg=PA385|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=1998|publisher=HCI Books|isbn=978-1-55874-571-1|page=385|archive-date=February 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201175143/http://books.google.com/books?id=QIPdhSiMN48C&pg=PA385|url-status=dead}}</ref> Day actively lobbied the [[United States Congress]] in support of legislation designed to safeguard [[animal welfare]] on a number of occasions, and in 1995 she originated the annual [[World Spay Day]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Join 'Spay Day USA' campaign|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1320&dat=19950131&id=EUNWAAAAIBAJ&pg=3068,7529821|access-date=January 15, 2016|work=[[Gainesville Sun]]|date=January 31, 1995}}</ref> The DDAL merged into the [[Humane Society of the United States]] (HSUS) in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/06/AR2006090601770.html|title=Merger Adds to Humane Society's Bite|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=June 5, 2007|first=Judy|last=Sarasohn|date=September 7, 2006}}</ref> |
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The Doris Day Horse Rescue and Adoption Center, which helps abused and neglected horses, opened in 2011 in [[Murchison, Texas]] on the grounds of an animal sanctuary started by Day's late friend, author [[Cleveland Amory]].<ref name="Patrick-Goudreau2011">{{cite book|last=Patrick-Goudreau|first=Colleen|title=Vegan's Daily Companion: 365 Days of Inspiration for Cooking, Eating, and Living Compassionately|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNN8Cgwmj3kC&pg=PA49|access-date=August 8, 2013|year=2011|publisher=Quarry Books|isbn=978-1-61058-015-1|page=49}}</ref> Day contributed $250,000 toward the founding of the center.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Di Paola, Mike|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aVpJWv4TlTrA|title=Doris Day Center Gives Abused Horses Sanctuary with Elands, Emu|publisher=bloomberg.com|date=March 30, 2011|access-date=August 3, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163749/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aVpJWv4TlTrA|archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> |
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A posthumous auction of 1,100 of Day's possessions in April 2020 generated $3 million for the Doris Day Animal Foundation.<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 6, 2020|title=Doris Day's awards, animal artifacts haul in $3 million at auction|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-doris-day-idUSKBN21O04P|access-date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> |
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Doris Day actively engaged in [[HIV/AIDS]] awareness for many years. Her commitment was primarily focused on raising awareness and fundraising for HIV/AIDS research. She co-organized several fundraising events for HIV/AIDS-related charities and provided financial contributions to research and support programs for individuals affected by the disease. In 2011, the Canadian magazine Gay Globe paid tribute to Doris Day by featuring her on the cover of their #79 edition.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gayglobe.net/magazine-gay-globe-79/ | title=Magazine Gay Globe 79 - GROUPE GAY GLOBE LE POINT | date=June 19, 2020 }}</ref> |
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In January 2012, the [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] presented Day with a Lifetime Achievement Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/doris-day-wins-lifetime-achievement-award-la-film-critics-32300|title=Doris Day Wins Lifetime Achievement Award from L.A. Film Critics|date=October 29, 2011|publisher=The wrap|accessdate=December 12, 2012}}</ref> |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Day's only child was music producer and songwriter [[Terry Melcher]], who had a hit in the 1960s with "[[Hey Little Cobra]]" under the name [[the Rip Chords]] before becoming a successful producer whose acts included [[the Byrds]], [[Paul Revere & the Raiders]] and [[the Beach Boys]]. In the late 1960s, Melcher became acquainted with [[Charles Manson]] and nearly signed him to a record deal. In August 1969, the [[Tate–LaBianca murders|Tate murders]], orchestrated by Manson, were committed at the [[Benedict Canyon, Los Angeles|Benedict Canyon]] house that Melcher had formerly occupied. Melcher died of [[melanoma]] in November 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cartwright |first1=Garth |title=Terry Melcher |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/nov/23/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries |access-date=August 30, 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=November 23, 2004}}</ref> |
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Since her retirement from films, Day has lived in [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]]. She lives with her many pets and also adopts stray animals.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.npr.org/2012/04/02/149392321/doris-day-a-hollywood-legend-reflects-on-life|title=Doris Day: A Hollywood Legend Reflects On Life|date= January 2, 2012|publisher=NPR|accessdate= December 12, 2012}}</ref> Day owns a hotel in Carmel-by-the-Sea, The Cypress Inn, which her late son had co-owned with her.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agendamag.com/content/2011/09/the-cypress-inn-doris-days-pet-friendly-getaway-in-carmel-by-the-sea|title=The Cypress Inn: Doris Day's Pet-Friendly Getaway in Carmel-by-the-Sea|last1=Anderson|first1=Marilyn|last2=Lanning|first2=Dennis L.|date=September 11, 2011|publisher=Agenda mag|accessdate=December 12, 2012}}</ref> |
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From the 1980s, Day owned a hotel in Carmel-by-the-Sea called the [[La Ribera Hotel|Cypress Inn]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agendamag.com/content/2011/09/the-cypress-inn-doris-days-pet-friendly-getaway-in-carmel-by-the-sea|title=The Cypress Inn: Doris Day's Pet-Friendly Getaway in Carmel-by-the-Sea|last1=Anderson|first1=Marilyn|last2=Lanning|first2=Dennis L.|date=September 11, 2011|publisher=Agenda mag|access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> an early [[Pet–friendly hotels|pet–friendly hotel]] that was featured in ''[[Architectural Digest]]'' in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lippe-Mcgraw|first=Jordi|title=Inside Doris Day's Pet Hotel, The Cypress Inn|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/inside-doris-day-pet-hotel-the-cypress-inn|access-date=June 20, 2020|website=Architectural Digest|date=May 15, 2019|language=en-us}}</ref> |
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Day is a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]. {{Sfn|Kaufman|2008|p=437}} Her only child, music producer and songwriter Terry Paul Melcher, died of melanoma in 2004, about five months after Day had received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. |
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===Marriages=== |
===Marriages=== |
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Day was married four times.<ref>{{cite news|title=Doris Day: Why she left Hollywood|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doris-day-why-she-left-hollywood/|access-date=June 26, 2018|work=CBS News|date=July 14, 2008}}</ref> From April 1941 to February 1943, she was married to trombonist Al Jorden (1917–1967), whom she met in Barney Rapp's band.<ref name="CNNFastFacts">{{cite news|title=Doris Day Fast Facts|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/24/us/doris-day-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=June 26, 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=March 20, 2018}}</ref> Jorden was violent, had schizophrenia, and died by suicide years after their divorce. When Day became pregnant and refused to have an abortion, he beat her in an attempt to force a miscarriage. Their son was born Terrence Paul Jorden in 1942, and he adopted the surname of Melcher when he was adopted by Day's third husband. |
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In 1975, Day released her autobiography, ''Doris Day: Her Own Story'', an "as-told-to" work with [[A. E. Hotchner]]. The book detailed her first three marriages: |
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* To Al Jorden, a trombonist whom she first met in Barney Rapp's Band, from March 1941 to 1943. Her only child, son [[Terry Melcher|Terrence "Terry" P. Jorden]], resulted from this marriage. Husband Jorden, who was reportedly physically abusive to Day, committed suicide in 1967 by gunshot. |
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* To [[George William Weidler|George Weidler]] (a saxophonist), from March 30, 1946 to May 31, 1949. Weidler, the brother of actress [[Virginia Weidler]], and Day met again several years later. During a brief reconciliation, he helped introduce her to Christian Science. |
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* To [[Martin Melcher]], whom she married on April 3, 1951. This marriage lasted until Melcher's death in 1968. Melcher adopted Day's son Terry, who, with the name [[Terry Melcher]], became a successful musician and record producer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Producer Terry Melcher Dies at 62|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/65546/producer-terry-melcher-dies-at-62|accessdate=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Billboard}}</ref> Martin Melcher produced many of Day's movies. She and Melcher were both practicing [[Christian Scientist]]s, resulting in her not seeing a doctor for some time after symptoms that suggested cancer. This distressing period ended when, finally consulting a physician, and thereby finding the lump was benign, she fully recovered. After publishing her autobiography, Day married one last time. |
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* Her fourth and latest marriage was to Barry Comden (born March 30, 1935 – died May 25, 2009),<ref name=ComdenDeath>{{cite news|last=Nelson|first=Valerie J.|title=Barry Comden dies at 74; restaurateur was 4th husband of Doris Day|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/02/local/me-barry-comden2|accessdate=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 2, 2009}}</ref> who was roughly a decade younger, from April 14, 1976, until 1981. Comden was the ''[[maître d'hôtel|maitre d']]'' at one of Day's favorite restaurants. Knowing of her great love of dogs, Comden endeared himself to Day by giving her a bag of meat scraps and bones on her way out of the restaurant. When this marriage unraveled, Comden complained that Day cared more for her "animal friends" than she did for him.<ref name="ComdenDeath"/> |
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Her second marriage was to [[George William Weidler]] (1926–1989), a saxophonist and brother of actress [[Virginia Weidler]], from March 30, 1946, to May 31, 1949.<ref name="CNNFastFacts"/> Weidler and Day met again several years later during a brief reconciliation and he introduced her to [[Christian Science]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXw9voJackQC&pg=PT130|title=Considering Doris Day: A Biography|last=Santopietro|first=Tom|date=August 5, 2008|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9781429937511|pages=130|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Animal welfare activism== |
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Day's interest in animal welfare and related issues apparently dates to her teen years. While recovering from an automobile accident, she took her dog Tiny for a walk without a leash. Tiny ran into the street and was killed by a passing car. Day later confessed guilt and loneliness about Tiny's untimely death. In 1971, she co-founded Actors and Others for Animals, and appeared in a series of newspaper advertisements denouncing the wearing of fur, alongside [[Mary Tyler Moore]], [[Angie Dickinson]], and [[Jayne Meadows]].{{Sfn|Patrick|McGee|2006|p=132|ps=, photograph of ad.}} Day's friend, [[Cleveland Amory]], wrote about these events in {{Citation|title=Man Kind? Our Incredible War on Wildlife|year=1974}}. |
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Day married American film producer [[Martin Melcher]] (1915–1968), who produced many of her films, on April 3, 1951, her 29th birthday, and the marriage lasted until he died in April 1968.<ref name="CNNFastFacts"/> Melcher adopted Day's son Terry.<ref>{{cite news|title=Producer Terry Melcher Dies at 62|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/65546/producer-terry-melcher-dies-at-62|access-date=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Billboard}}</ref> As Day and Melcher were both Christian Scientists, she refused to visit a doctor for some time after experiencing symptoms that might have suggested cancer.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfbcA3zFlNgC&pg=PA31|title=Doris Day: Sentimental Journey|last=McGee|first=Garry|date=June 8, 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476603216|pages=31|language=en}}</ref> Following Melcher's death, Day separated from the [[Church of Christ, Scientist]] and grew close to charismatic Protestants such as [[Kathryn Kuhlman]], although she never lost interest in Christian Science teaching and practice.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Day |first1=Doris |last2=Hotchner |first2=A. E. |title=Doris Day : her own story |date=1976 |publisher=New York : Bantam Books |pages=304–306 |isbn=9780553028881 |url=https://archive.org/details/dorisdayherownst00hotc/page/304/mode/2up}}</ref> |
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In 1978, Day founded her own Doris Day Pet Foundation, now the Doris Day Animal Foundation (DDAF).<ref name="Grudens2001">{{cite book|last=Grudens|first=Richard|title=Sally Bennett's Magic Moments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=R6M6S4t4ejcC&pg=PA115|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=January 1, 2001|publisher=Celebrity Profiles Publilshing|isbn=978-1-57579-181-4|page=115}}</ref> A non-profit 501(c)(3) grant-giving public charity, DDAF funds other non-profit causes throughout the US that share DDAF's mission of helping animals and the people who love them. The DDAF continues to operate independently under Day's personal supervision.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dorisdayanimalfoundation.org/about.html|title=About DDAF|publisher=Doris Day Animal Foundation|accessdate=July 30, 2013}}</ref> |
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Day's fourth marriage was to Barry Comden (1935–2009) from April 14, 1976, until April 2, 1982.<ref name=ComdenDeath>{{cite news|last=Nelson|first=Valerie J.|title=Barry Comden dies at 74; restaurateur was 4th husband of Doris Day|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-barry-comden2-2009jun02-story.html|access-date=August 8, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 2, 2009}}</ref> He was the ''[[maître d'hôtel]]'' at one of Day's favorite restaurants. He knew of her great love of dogs and endeared himself to her by giving her a bag of meat scraps and bones as she left the restaurant. He later complained that Day cared more for her "animal friends" than for him.<ref name="ComdenDeath"/> |
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To complement the Doris Day Animal Foundation, Day formed the [[Doris Day Animal League]] (DDAL) in 1987, a national non-profit citizen's lobbying organization whose mission is to reduce pain and suffering and protect animals through legislative initiatives.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover's Soul: Stories about Pets as Teachers, Healers, Heroes, and Friends|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QIPdhSiMN48C&pg=PA385|accessdate=August 8, 2013|year=1998|publisher=HCI Books|isbn=978-1-55874-571-1|page=385}}</ref> Day actively lobbied the United States Congress in support of legislation designed to safeguard [[animal welfare]] on a number of occasions and in 1995 she originated the annual [[Spay Day USA]]. The DDAL merged into [[The Humane Society of the United States]] in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/06/AR2006090601770.html|title=Merger Adds To Humane Society's Bite|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=June 5, 2007|first=Judy|last=Sarasohn|date=September 7, 2006}}</ref> Staff members of DDAL took positions within The HSUS, and Day recorded public service announcements for the organization. The HSUS now manages World Spay Day, the annual one-day spay/neuter event that Day originated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hsus.org/about_us/accomplishments/history/hsus_and_doris_day_animal_league.html|title=Humane Society and Doris Day|publisher=Humane Society|location=U.S.|accessdate=June 5, 2007}} {{dead link|date=March 2012}}.</ref> |
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=== Later life === |
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A facility to help abused and neglected horses opened in 2011 and bears her name — the Doris Day Horse Rescue and Adoption Center, located in [[Murchison, Texas]], on the grounds of an animal sanctuary started by her late friend, author [[Cleveland Amory]].<ref name="Patrick-Goudreau2011">{{cite book|last=Patrick-Goudreau|first=Colleen|title=Vegan's Daily Companion: 365 Days of Inspiration for Cooking, Eating, and Living Compassionately|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZNN8Cgwmj3kC&pg=PA49|accessdate=August 8, 2013|date=March 1, 2011|publisher=Quarry Books|isbn=978-1-61058-015-1|page=49}}</ref> Day contributed $250,000 toward the founding of the center.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Di Paola, Mike|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aVpJWv4TlTrA|title=Doris Day Center Gives Abused Horses Sanctuary with Elands, Emu|publisher=bloomberg.com|date=March 30, 2011|accessdate=August 3, 2013}}</ref> |
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After her retirement from films, Day lived in [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]]. She had many pets and adopted stray animals.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 2, 2012 |title=Doris Day: A Hollywood Legend Reflects On Life |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/04/02/149392321/doris-day-a-hollywood-legend-reflects-on-life |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> She was a lifelong [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]].{{Sfn|Kaufman|2008|p=437}}<ref>[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/doris-day-was-a-lifelong-republican-who-dated-ronald-reagan "Doris Day was a lifelong Republican who dated Ronald Reagan"] Washington Examiner. May 13, 2019.</ref> |
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In a rare interview with ''The Hollywood Reporter'' on April 4, 2019, the day after her 97th birthday, Day talked about her work on the Doris Day Animal Foundation, founded in 1978. Asked to name the favorite of her films, she answered with ''[[Calamity Jane (film)|Calamity Jane]]'': "I was such a tomboy growing up, and she was such a fun character to play. Of course, the music was wonderful, too—'Secret Love,' especially, is such a beautiful song."<ref name="HR2019">Laurie Brookins, [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/doris-day-talks-turning-97-her-animal-philanthropy-rock-hudson-1199279 “Doris Day, in Rare Interview, Talks Turning 97, Her Animal Foundation and Rock Hudson: 'I Miss Him'”], ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''. April 3, 2019. ''(Retrieved April 10, 2019.)''</ref> |
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To commemorate her birthday, Day's fans gathered in late March each year for a three-day party in [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]]. The event was also a fundraiser for her animal foundation. During the 2019 event, there was a special screening of her film ''[[Pillow Talk (film)|Pillow Talk]]'' (1959) to celebrate its 60th anniversary. Speaking about the film, Day stated that she "had such fun working with my pal, Rock. We laughed our way through three films we made together and remained great friends. I miss him."<ref name="HR2019" /> |
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===Death=== |
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Day died of [[pneumonia]] at her home in Carmel Valley, California, on May 13, 2019, at the age of 97. Her death was announced by the Doris Day Animal Foundation.<ref>{{cite web | title=Doris Day, Hollywood's Favorite Girl Next Door, Dies at 97 | website=The Hollywood Reporter | date=May 13, 2019 | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/doris-day-dead-pillow-talk-actress-que-sera-sera-singer-was-97-772821 | access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Lee | first=Benjamin | title=Doris Day, celebrated actor and singer, dies at 97 | website=The Guardian | date=May 13, 2019 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/may/13/calamity-jane-star-doris-day-dies-at-97 | access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Legendary actress and singer Doris Day dead at 97 |url=https://apnews.com/b9a04d9ab2ce4276b2f6bdb6b39af585 |website=AP NEWS |publisher=The Associated Press |access-date=May 13, 2019 |date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> As requested by Day, the foundation announced that there would be no funeral services, grave marker or other public memorials.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48257670|title=Actress Doris Day dies aged 97|work=BBC News|date=May 13, 2019|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dorisdayanimalfoundation.org/news/blog/hollywood-legend-leading-singer-and-animal-welfare-advocate-doris-day-is-dead-at-97|title=Hollywood Legend, Leading Singer and Animal Welfare Advocate Doris Day Passes at 97|website=Doris Day Animal Foundation|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/obituaries/doris-day-death.html|title=Doris Day, Movie Star Who Charmed America, Dies at 97|last=Harmetz|first=Aljean|date=May 13, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 13, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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==Filmography== |
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{{Main|Doris Day filmography}} |
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=== Notable films === |
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* ''[[Romance on the High Seas]]'' (1948) |
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* ''[[Calamity Jane (film)|Calamity Jane]]'' (1953) |
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* ''[[Love Me or Leave Me (film)|Love Me or Leave Me]]'' (1955) |
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* ''[[The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film)|The Man Who Knew Too Much]]'' (1956) |
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* ''[[Pillow Talk]]'' (1959) |
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* ''[[The Thrill of It All (film)|The Thrill of It All]]'' (1963) |
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* ''[[Send Me No Flowers]]'' (1964) |
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* ''[[The Glass Bottom Boat]]'' (1966) |
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==Discography== |
==Discography== |
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===Studio albums=== |
===Studio albums=== |
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{{ |
{{div col|colwidth=22em}} |
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* ''[[You're My Thrill (Doris Day album)|You're My Thrill]]'' (1949) |
* ''[[You're My Thrill (Doris Day album)|You're My Thrill]]'' (1949) |
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* ''[[Young Man with a Horn (soundtrack)|Young Man with a Horn]]'' (1950) |
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* ''[[Tea for Two (album)|Tea for Two]]'' (1950) |
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* ''[[Lullaby of Broadway (album)|Lullaby of Broadway]]'' (1951) |
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* ''[[On Moonlight Bay (album)|On Moonlight Bay]]'' (1951) |
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* ''[[I'll See You in My Dreams (1951 album)|I'll See You in My Dreams]]'' (1951) |
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* ''[[By the Light of the Silvery Moon (album)|By the Light of the Silvery Moon]]'' (1953) |
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* ''[[Calamity Jane (album)|Calamity Jane]]'' (1953) |
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* ''[[Young at Heart (Doris Day and Frank Sinatra album)|Young at Heart]]'' (1954) |
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* ''[[Love Me or Leave Me (Doris Day album)|Love Me or Leave Me]]'' (1955) |
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* ''[[Day Dreams (Doris Day album)|Day Dreams]]'' (1955) |
* ''[[Day Dreams (Doris Day album)|Day Dreams]]'' (1955) |
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* ''[[Day by Day (Doris Day album)|Day by Day]]'' (1956) |
* ''[[Day by Day (Doris Day album)|Day by Day]]'' (1956) |
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* ''[[The Pajama Game (album)|The Pajama Game]]'' (1957) |
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* ''[[Day by Night]]'' (1957) |
* ''[[Day by Night]]'' (1957) |
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* ''[[Hooray for Hollywood (album)|Hooray for Hollywood]]'' (1958) |
* ''[[Hooray for Hollywood (album)|Hooray for Hollywood]]'' (1958) |
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* ''[[What Every Girl Should Know (album)|What Every Girl Should Know]]'' (1960) |
* ''[[What Every Girl Should Know (album)|What Every Girl Should Know]]'' (1960) |
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* ''[[Show Time (Doris Day album)|Show Time]]'' (1960) |
* ''[[Show Time (Doris Day album)|Show Time]]'' (1960) |
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* ''[[ |
* ''[[Listen to Day]]'' (1960) |
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* ''[[ |
* ''[[Bright and Shiny]]'' (1961) |
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* ''[[I Have Dreamed (Doris Day album)|I Have Dreamed]]'' (1961) |
* ''[[I Have Dreamed (Doris Day album)|I Have Dreamed]]'' (1961) |
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* ''[[Duet (Doris Day and André Previn album)|Duet]]'' |
* ''[[Duet (Doris Day and André Previn album)|Duet]]'' (1962) |
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* ''[[You'll Never Walk Alone (Doris Day album)|You'll Never Walk Alone]]'' (1962) |
* ''[[You'll Never Walk Alone (Doris Day album)|You'll Never Walk Alone]]'' (1962) |
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* |
*'' [[Billy Rose's Jumbo (soundtrack)|Billy Rose's Jumbo]]'' (1962) |
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*'' [[Annie Get Your Gun (Doris Day and Robert Goulet album)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'' (1963) |
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* ''Love Him'' (1963) |
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* ''[[The Doris Day Christmas Album]]'' (1964) |
* ''[[The Doris Day Christmas Album]]'' (1964) |
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* ''[[With a Smile and a Song (album)|With a Smile and a Song]]'' (1964) |
* ''[[With a Smile and a Song (album)|With a Smile and a Song]]'' (1964) |
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* ''[[Latin for Lovers]]'' (1965) |
* ''[[Latin for Lovers]]'' (1965) |
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* ''[[Doris Day's Sentimental Journey]]'' (1965) |
* ''[[Doris Day's Sentimental Journey]]'' (1965) |
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* ''[[The Love Album (Doris Day album)|The Love Album]]'' (recorded 1967 |
* ''[[The Love Album (Doris Day album)|The Love Album]]'' (recorded 1967; released in 1994) |
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* ''[[My Heart (Doris Day album)|My Heart]]'' (with eight previously unissued tracks recorded in 1985; released in 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/doris-day-mn0000189644/discography/all|title=Doris Day: Album Discography|website=AllMusic|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> |
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* ''[[My Heart (Doris Day album)|My Heart]]'' (2011) |
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{{ |
{{div col end}} |
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== |
==See also== |
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* [[List of awards and nominations received by Doris Day]] |
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{{Main|Doris Day filmography}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist | group = Note}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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== |
==Sources== |
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* |
*Barothy, Mary Anne (2007), ''Day at a Time: An Indiana Girl's Sentimental Journey to Doris Day's Hollywood and Beyond''. Hawthorne Publishing, {{ISBN|9780978716738}} |
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* |
*{{Citation|last=Braun|first=Eric|title=Doris Day|publisher=Orion Books|location=London|edition=2|date=2004|isbn=978-0-7528-1715-6}} |
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* |
*[[David Bret|Bret, David]] (2008), ''Doris Day: Reluctant Star''. JR Books, London, {{ISBN|9781781313510}} |
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* Brogan, Paul E. ''Was That |
* Brogan, Paul E. (2011), ''Was That a Name I Dropped?'', Aberdeen Bay; {{ISBN|1608300501|978-1608300501}} |
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*{{cite book|author=DeVita, Michael J.|title=My 'Secret Love' Affair with Doris Day|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|year=2012|type=Paperback|isbn=978-1478153580}} |
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1608300501, ISBN 978-1608300501 |
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* |
*{{Citation|last=Hotchner|first=AE|title=Doris Day: Her Own Story|publisher=William Morrow & Co|year=1975|isbn=978-0-688-02968-5}}. |
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* |
*{{Citation|title=Doris Day: The Untold Story of the Girl Next Door|last=Kaufman|first=David|year=2008|publisher=Virgin Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1-905264-30-8|url=https://archive.org/details/dorisdayuntoldst00kauf}} |
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* |
*{{Citation|last=McGee|first=Garry|title=Doris Day: Sentimental Journey|publisher=McFarland & Co|isbn=9781476603216|year=2005}} |
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* |
*{{Citation|last1=Patrick|first1=Pierre|first2=Garry|last2=McGee|title=Que Sera, Sera: The Magic of Doris Day Through Television|publisher=Bear Manor|isbn=9781593930561|year=2006}} |
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* Patrick, Pierre; McGee, Garry (2009), ''The Doris Day Companion: A Beautiful Day''. BearManor Media, {{ISBN|9781593933494}} |
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* {{Citation|last1=Patrick|first1=Pierre|first2=Garry|last2=McGee|title=Que Sera, Sera: The Magic of Doris Day Through Television|publisher=Bear Manor|year=2006}} |
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*{{Citation|last=Santopietro|first=Thomas "Tom"|title=Considering Doris Day|publisher=Thomas Dunn Books|location=New York|year=2007|isbn=978-0-312-36263-8|ref=no}} |
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* Patrick, Pierre; McGee, Garry. ''The Doris Day Companion: A Beautiful Day (One on One with Doris and Friends)''. BearManor Media (2009) |
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* {{Citation|last=Santopietro|first=Thomas "Tom"|title=Considering Doris Day|publisher=Thomas Dunn Books|location=New York, NY|year=2007|ISBN=978-0-312-36263-8}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{sister project links|d=Q104372|c=Category:Doris Day|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} |
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{{Commons category}} |
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*{{Official website |
* {{Official website}} |
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*[ |
* [https://www.dorisdayanimalfoundation.org/ Doris Day Animal Foundation] |
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* {{IMDb name|13}} |
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*[http://www.ddal.org/ Doris Day Animal League] |
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* {{AFI person | 40605-Doris-Day | Doris Day }} |
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*[http://www.dorisday.net/forum/ The Films of Doris Day Forum] |
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*{{ |
* {{AllMusic}} |
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*{{ |
* {{TCMDb name}} |
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*{{ |
* {{discogs artist|Doris Day}} |
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*[http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article/?cid=161106 Spotlight] at [[Turner Classic Movies]] |
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{{Cecil B. DeMille Award 1976–2000}} |
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{{UK best-selling singles (by year) 1952–1969}} |
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{{Cecil B. DeMille Award}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> |
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| NAME = Day, Doris |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Kappelhoff, Doris Mary Ann (birth name); Kappelhoff, Clara (nickname) |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Singer, actress, animal rights activist |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = April 3, 1922 (disputed; Day cited 1924 as her year of birth for many years, and many continue to use that year as a reference) |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. |
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| DATE OF DEATH = |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{Carmel Valley, California}} |
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Latest revision as of 11:17, 2 January 2025
Doris Day | |
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Born | Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff April 3, 1922 Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. |
Died | May 13, 2019 | (aged 97)
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1937–2012 |
Spouses | Al Jorden
(m. 1941; div. 1943)Barry Comden
(m. 1976; div. 1982) |
Children | Terry Melcher |
Website | dorisday |
Signature | |
Doris Day (born Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff; April 3, 1922 – May 13, 2019) was an American actress and singer. She began her career as a big band singer in 1937, achieving commercial success in 1945 with two No. 1 recordings, "Sentimental Journey" and "My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time" with Les Brown and His Band of Renown. She left Brown to embark on a solo career and recorded more than 650 songs from 1947 to 1967.
Day was one of the leading Hollywood film stars of the 1950s and 1960s. Her film career began with Romance on the High Seas (1948). She starred in films of many genres, including musicals, comedies, dramas and thrillers. She played the title role in Calamity Jane (1953) and starred in Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) with James Stewart. She costarred with Rock Hudson in three successful comedies including Pillow Talk (1959), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also worked with James Garner on both Move Over, Darling (1963) and The Thrill of It All (1963) and starred alongside Clark Gable, Cary Grant, James Cagney, David Niven, Ginger Rogers, Jack Lemmon, Frank Sinatra, Kirk Douglas, Lauren Bacall, and Rod Taylor in various films. After ending her film career in 1968, only briefly removed from the height of her popularity, she starred in her own television sitcom The Doris Day Show (1968–1973).
In 1989, Day was awarded the Golden Globe and the Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in Motion Pictures. In 2004, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2008, she received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as well as a Legend Award from the Society of Singers. In 2011, she was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association's Career Achievement Award. In 2011, Day released her 29th studio album, My Heart, which contained new material and became a UK Top 10 album. As of 2020[update], she was one of eight recording artists to have been the top box-office earner in the United States four times.[1][2]
Early life
[edit]Day was born Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff[3] on April 3, 1922, in Cincinnati, Ohio,[4] the daughter of German-American[5][6][7] parents Alma Sophia (née Welz; 1895–1976) and William Joseph Kappelhoff (1892–1967). She was named after actress Doris Kenyon.[8] Her mother was a homemaker, and her father was a music teacher and choirmaster.[9][10] Her paternal grandfather Franz Joseph Wilhelm Kappelhoff immigrated to the United States in 1875 and settled within the large German community in Cincinnati.[6][11] For most of her life, Day stated that she was born in 1924, but on the occasion of her 95th birthday, the Associated Press found her birth certificate that showed a 1922 year of birth.[4]
Day had two older brothers: Richard (1917–1919), who died before her birth, and Paul (1919–1957).[12] Her father's infidelity caused her parents to separate in 1932 when she was 10.[2][13] She developed an early interest in dance, and in the mid-1930s formed a dance duo with Jerry Doherty that performed in nationwide competitions.[14] On October 13, 1937, while Day was riding with friends, their car collided with a freight train, and she broke her right leg, curtailing her prospects as a professional dancer.[15][16][17]
Career
[edit]Early career (1938–1947)
[edit]While recovering from her car accident, Day sang along with the radio and discovered her singing talent. She later said: "During this long, boring period, I used to while away a lot of time listening to the radio, sometimes singing along with the likes of Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Tommy Dorsey, and Glenn Miller. But the one radio voice I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and I'd sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words."
Day's mother Alma arranged for Doris to receive singing lessons from Grace Raine.[18] After three lessons, Raine told Alma that Day had "tremendous potential" and gave her three lessons per week for the price of one. Years later, Day said that Raine had a greater effect on her singing style and career than had anyone else.[19]
During the eight months when she was receiving singing lessons, Day secured her first professional jobs as a vocalist on the WLW radio program Carlin's Carnival and in a local restaurant, Charlie Yee's Shanghai Inn.[20] During her radio performances, she first caught the attention of Barney Rapp, who was seeking a female vocalist and asked her to audition for the job. According to Rapp, he had auditioned about 200 other singers.[21]
In 1939, Rapp suggested the stage name Doris Day[22] because the Kappelhoff surname was too long for marquees and he admired her rendition of the song "Day After Day".[23] After working with Rapp, Day worked with bandleaders Jimmy James,[24] Bob Crosby[25] and Les Brown.[26] In 1941, Day appeared as a singer in three Soundies with the Les Brown band.[27]
While working with Brown, Day recorded her first hit recording, "Sentimental Journey", released in early 1945. It soon became an anthem for World War II servicemen.[28][29] The song continues to be associated with Day, and she rerecorded it on several occasions, including a version for her 1971 television special.[30] During 1945–46, Day (as vocalist with the Les Brown Band) had six other top ten hits on the Billboard chart: "My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time", "'Tain't Me", "Till the End of Time", "You Won't Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart)", "The Whole World Is Singing My Song" and "I Got the Sun in the Mornin'".[31] Les Brown said, "As a singer Doris belongs in the company of Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra."[3]
Early film career (1948–1954)
[edit]While singing with the Les Brown band and for nearly two years on Bob Hope's weekly radio program,[16] Day toured extensively across the United States.
Her performance of the song "Embraceable You" impressed songwriter Jule Styne and his partner Sammy Cahn, and they recommended her for a role in Romance on the High Seas (1948). Day was cast for the role after auditioning for director Michael Curtiz.[32][33] She was shocked to receive the offer and admitted to Curtiz that she was a singer without acting experience. but he appreciated her honesty and felt that "her freckles made her look like the All-American Girl."[34]
The film provided her with a No. 2 hit recording as a soloist, "It's Magic", which occurred two months after her first No. 1 hit "Love Somebody", a duet with Buddy Clark.[35] Day recorded "Someone Like You" before the film My Dream Is Yours (1949), which featured the song.[36] In 1950, she collaborated as a singer with the polka musician Frankie Yankovic,[37][38] and the U.S. servicemen in Korea voted her their favorite star.
Day continued to appear in light musicals such as On Moonlight Bay (1951), By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953) and Tea For Two (1950) for Warner Bros.[39][40]
Her most commercially successful film for Warner Bros. was I'll See You in My Dreams (1951), a musical biography of lyricist Gus Kahn that broke box-office records of 20 years. It was Day's fourth film directed by Curtiz.[41] She appeared as the title character in the comedic western-themed musical Calamity Jane (1953).[42] A song from the film, "Secret Love", won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Day's fourth No. 1 hit single in the United States.[43]
Between 1950 and 1953, the albums from six of her film musicals charted in the Top 10, including three that reached No. 1. After filming Lucky Me (1954) with Bob Cummings and Young at Heart (1955) with Frank Sinatra, Day elected to not renew her contract with Warner Brothers.[44]
During this period, Day also had her own radio program, The Doris Day Show. It was broadcast on CBS in 1952–1953.[45]
Breakthrough (1955–1958)
[edit]Primarily recognized as a musical-comedy actress, Day began to accept more dramatic roles in order to broaden her range. Her dramatic star turn as singer Ruth Etting in Love Me or Leave Me (1955), with top billing above James Cagney, received critical and commercial success, becoming Day's greatest film success to that point.[46] Cagney said that she had "the ability to project the simple, direct statement of a simple, direct idea without cluttering it," comparing her performance to that of Laurette Taylor in the Broadway production The Glass Menagerie (1945).[47] Day felt that it was her best film performance. The film's producer Joe Pasternak said, "I was stunned that Doris did not get an Oscar nomination."[48] The film's soundtrack album became a No. 1 hit.[49][50]
Day starred in Alfred Hitchcock's suspense film The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film) opposite James Stewart. She sang two songs in the film, "Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)", which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song,[51] and "We'll Love Again". The film was Day's 10th to reach the top 10 at the box office. She played the title role in the film noir thriller Julie (1956) with Louis Jourdan.[52]
After three successive dramatic films, Day returned to her musical/comedic roots in The Pajama Game (1957) with John Raitt, based on the Broadway play of the same name.[53] She appeared in the Paramount comedy Teacher's Pet (1958) alongside Clark Gable and Gig Young.[54] She costarred with Richard Widmark and Gig Young in the romantic comedy film The Tunnel of Love (1958)[55] and with Jack Lemmon in It Happened to Jane (1959).
Billboard's annual nationwide poll of disc jockeys had ranked Day as the No. 1 female vocalist nine times in ten years (1949 through 1958), but her success and popularity as a singer was now being overshadowed by her box-office appeal.[56]
Box-office success (1959–1968)
[edit]In 1959, Day entered her most successful phase as a film actress with a series of romantic comedies[57][58] beginning with Pillow Talk (1959), costarring Rock Hudson, who became a lifelong friend, and Tony Randall. Day received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress,[59] her only career Oscar nomination.[60] Day, Hudson and Randall appeared in two more films together, Lover Come Back (1961) and Send Me No Flowers (1964).[61]
Along with David Niven and Janis Paige, Day starred in Please Don't Eat the Daisies (1960) and with Cary Grant in the comedy That Touch of Mink (1962).[62] During 1960 and the 1962-1964 period, she ranked No. 1 at the box office, the second woman to be No. 1 four times, an accomplishment equaled by no other actress except Shirley Temple.[63] She set a record that has yet to be matched by receiving seven consecutive Laurel Awards as the top female box-office star.[64]
Day teamed with James Garner starting with The Thrill of It All, followed by Move Over, Darling (both 1963).[65] The film's theme song "Move Over Darling", cowritten by her son, reached No. 8 in the UK.[66] Between these comedic film appearances, Day costarred with Rex Harrison in the thriller Midnight Lace (1960), an update of the stage thriller Gaslight.[67]
Day's next film Do Not Disturb (1965) was popular with audiences, but her popularity soon waned. By the late 1960s, in the period of the emerging sexual revolution, some critics and comics dubbed Day "The World's Oldest Virgin,"[68][69] and she slipped from the list of top box-office stars, last appearing in the top ten with the hit film The Glass Bottom Boat (1966). Among the roles that she declined was that of Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate, a role that eventually went to Anne Bancroft.[70] In her memoirs, Day said that she had rejected the part on moral grounds, finding the script "vulgar and offensive."[71]
Day starred in the Western film The Ballad of Josie in 1967. That same year, Day recorded The Love Album, although it was not released until 1994.[72] In 1968, she starred in the comedy film Where Were You When the Lights Went Out? about the Northeast blackout of November 9, 1965. Her final feature, the comedy With Six You Get Eggroll, was released in 1968.[73]
From 1959 to 1970, Day received nine Laurel Award nominations (and won four times) for best female performance in eight comedies and one drama. From 1959 through 1969, she received six Golden Globe nominations for best female performance in three comedies, one drama (Midnight Lace), one musical (Jumbo) and her television series.[74]
Bankruptcy and television career
[edit]After her third husband Martin Melcher died on April 20, 1968, Day was shocked to discover that Melcher and his business partner and advisor Jerome Bernard Rosenthal had squandered her earnings, leaving her deeply in debt.[75] Rosenthal had been her attorney since 1949 when he had represented her in her uncontested divorce action against her second husband, saxophonist George W. Weidler. Day filed suit against Rosenthal in February 1969 and won a successful decision in 1974, but she did not receive compensation until a settlement was reached in 1979.[76]
Day also learned to her displeasure that Melcher had committed her to a television series that became The Doris Day Show.
It was awful. I was really, really not very well when Marty [Melcher] passed away, and the thought of going into TV was overpowering. But he'd signed me up for a series. And then my son Terry [Melcher] took me walking in Beverly Hills and explained that it wasn't nearly the end of it. I had also been signed up for a bunch of TV specials, all without anyone ever asking me.
— Doris Day, OK! magazine, 1996[77]
Day hated the idea of performing on television but felt obligated to forge ahead with the series.[73] The first episode of The Doris Day Show aired on September 24, 1968,[78] and featured a rerecorded version of "Que Sera, Sera" as its theme song. Day persevered with the show, needing to work to repay her debts, but only after CBS ceded creative control to her and her son. The show enjoyed a successful five-year run,[79] although it may be best remembered for its abrupt season-to-season changes in casting and premise.[80]
After the end of the television show's run in 1973, Day largely retired from acting but completed two television specials, The Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff Special (1971)[82] and Doris Day Today (1975),[83] and she was a guest on various shows in the 1970s.
In the 1985–86 season, Day hosted her own television talk show, Doris Day's Best Friends, on the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN).[79][84] The network canceled the show after 26 episodes despite the worldwide publicity that it had received. One episode featured Rock Hudson, who was showing the first public symptoms of AIDS, including severe weight loss and fatigue. He died from the disease later that year.[85] Day later said, "He was very sick. But I just brushed that off and I came out and put my arms around him and said, 'Am I glad to see you'."[86]
1980s and 1990s
[edit]In October 1985, the Supreme Court of California rejected Rosenthal's appeal of the multimillion-dollar judgment awarded to Day in her suit against him for legal malpractice and upheld the conclusions of a trial court and an appeals court[87] that Rosenthal had acted improperly.[88] In April 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the lower court's judgment. In June 1987, Rosenthal filed a $30 million lawsuit against lawyers who he claimed had cheated him out of millions of dollars in real-estate investments. He named Day as a codefendant, describing her as an "unwilling, involuntary plaintiff whose consent cannot be obtained." Rosenthal claimed that much of the money that Day had lost was the result of the unwise advice of other attorneys who had suggested that she sell three hotels at a loss, as well as some oil leases in Kentucky and Ohio.[89] He claimed that he had made the investments under a long-term plan and did not intend to sell them until they appreciated in value. Two of the hotels sold in 1970 for about $7 million, and their estimated worth in 1986 was $50 million.[90]
Terry Melcher stated that his father's premature death saved Day from financial ruin. It was not known whether Martin Melcher had himself been duped by Rosenthal,[91] and Day stated publicly that she believed him to be innocent of any deliberate wrongdoing, stating that he "simply trusted the wrong person."[92] According to author David Kaufman, Day's former costar Louis Jourdan maintained that Day disliked her husband,[93] but Day's public statements regarding Melcher appear to contradict that assertion.[94]
Day was scheduled to present, along with Patrick Swayze and Marvin Hamlisch, the award for Best Original Score Oscar at the 61st Academy Awards in March 1989, but she suffered a deep leg cut from a sprinkler and was unable to attend.[95]
Day was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1981 and received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for career achievement in 1989.[96] In 1994, Day's Greatest Hits album entered the British charts.[72] Her cover of "Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps" was included in the soundtrack of the Australian film Strictly Ballroom.[97]
2000s
[edit]Day participated in celebrations of her birthday with an annual Doris Day music marathon.[98]
She declined tribute offers from the American Film Institute and the Kennedy Center Honors because they both require that recipients attend in person. In 2004, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush for her achievements in the entertainment industry and for her work on behalf of animals.[99] President Bush stated:
In the years since, she has kept her fans and shown the breadth of her talent in television and the movies. She starred on screen with leading men from Jimmy Stewart to Ronald Reagan, from Rock Hudson to James Garner. It was a good day for America when Doris Marianne von Kappelhoff (sic) of Evanston, Ohio decided to become an entertainer. It was a good day for our fellow creatures when she gave her good heart to the cause of animal welfare. Doris Day is one of the greats, and America will always love its sweetheart.[99]
Columnist Liz Smith and film critic Rex Reed mounted vigorous campaigns to gather support for an Academy Honorary Award for Day.[100] According to The Hollywood Reporter, the academy had offered her the honorary Oscar multiple times, but she declined as she saw the film industry as a part of her past life.[101] Day received a Grammy for Lifetime Achievement in Music in 2008, albeit again in absentia.[102]
Day received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards in 1998, 1999 and 2012 for her recordings of "Sentimental Journey", "Secret Love" and "Que Sera, Sera", respectively.[103] She was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007,[104] and in 2010 received the first Legend Award presented by the Society of Singers.[72]
2010s
[edit]At the age of 89, Day released My Heart in the United Kingdom on September 5, 2011, her first new album since the 1994 release of The Love Album, which had been recorded in 1967.[105] The album is a compilation of previously unreleased recordings produced by Day's son Terry Melcher. Tracks include the 1970s Joe Cocker hit "You Are So Beautiful", the Beach Boys' "Disney Girls" and jazz standards such as "My Buddy", which Day originally sang in the film I'll See You in My Dreams (1951).[106][107]
In the U.S., the album reached No. 12 on Amazon's bestseller list and helped raise funds for the Doris Day Animal League.[108] Day became the oldest artist to score a UK Top 10 with an album featuring new material.[109]
In January 2012, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association presented Day with a Lifetime Achievement Award.[110][111]
In April 2014, Day made an unexpected public appearance to attend the annual Doris Day Animal Foundation benefit.[112]
Clint Eastwood offered Day a role in a film that he was planning to direct in 2015,[113] but she eventually declined.[114]
Day granted ABC a telephone interview on her birthday in 2016 that was accompanied by photos of her life and career.[115]
Activism
[edit]During the filming of The Man Who Knew Too Much, Day observed the mistreatment of animals in a marketplace scene and was inspired to act against animal abuse. She was so appalled at the conditions with which the animals used in filming were kept that she refused to work unless they received sufficient food and proper care. The production company erected feeding stations for the animals and fed them every day before Day would agree to return to work.
In 1971, she cofounded Actors and Others for Animals and appeared in a series of newspaper advertisements denouncing the wearing of fur along with Mary Tyler Moore, Angie Dickinson and Jayne Meadows.[116]
In 1978, Day founded the Doris Day Pet Foundation, now the Doris Day Animal Foundation (DDAF).[117] An independent nonprofit 501(c)(3) grant-giving public charity, DDAF funds other nonprofit causes that promote animal welfare.[118]
To complement the Doris Day Animal Foundation, Day formed the Doris Day Animal League (DDAL) in 1987, a national nonprofit citizens' lobbying organization on behalf of animals.[119] Day actively lobbied the United States Congress in support of legislation designed to safeguard animal welfare on a number of occasions, and in 1995 she originated the annual World Spay Day.[120] The DDAL merged into the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) in 2006.[121]
The Doris Day Horse Rescue and Adoption Center, which helps abused and neglected horses, opened in 2011 in Murchison, Texas on the grounds of an animal sanctuary started by Day's late friend, author Cleveland Amory.[122] Day contributed $250,000 toward the founding of the center.[123]
A posthumous auction of 1,100 of Day's possessions in April 2020 generated $3 million for the Doris Day Animal Foundation.[124]
Doris Day actively engaged in HIV/AIDS awareness for many years. Her commitment was primarily focused on raising awareness and fundraising for HIV/AIDS research. She co-organized several fundraising events for HIV/AIDS-related charities and provided financial contributions to research and support programs for individuals affected by the disease. In 2011, the Canadian magazine Gay Globe paid tribute to Doris Day by featuring her on the cover of their #79 edition.[125]
Personal life
[edit]Day's only child was music producer and songwriter Terry Melcher, who had a hit in the 1960s with "Hey Little Cobra" under the name the Rip Chords before becoming a successful producer whose acts included the Byrds, Paul Revere & the Raiders and the Beach Boys. In the late 1960s, Melcher became acquainted with Charles Manson and nearly signed him to a record deal. In August 1969, the Tate murders, orchestrated by Manson, were committed at the Benedict Canyon house that Melcher had formerly occupied. Melcher died of melanoma in November 2004.[126]
From the 1980s, Day owned a hotel in Carmel-by-the-Sea called the Cypress Inn,[127] an early pet–friendly hotel that was featured in Architectural Digest in 1999.[128]
Marriages
[edit]Day was married four times.[129] From April 1941 to February 1943, she was married to trombonist Al Jorden (1917–1967), whom she met in Barney Rapp's band.[130] Jorden was violent, had schizophrenia, and died by suicide years after their divorce. When Day became pregnant and refused to have an abortion, he beat her in an attempt to force a miscarriage. Their son was born Terrence Paul Jorden in 1942, and he adopted the surname of Melcher when he was adopted by Day's third husband.
Her second marriage was to George William Weidler (1926–1989), a saxophonist and brother of actress Virginia Weidler, from March 30, 1946, to May 31, 1949.[130] Weidler and Day met again several years later during a brief reconciliation and he introduced her to Christian Science.[131]
Day married American film producer Martin Melcher (1915–1968), who produced many of her films, on April 3, 1951, her 29th birthday, and the marriage lasted until he died in April 1968.[130] Melcher adopted Day's son Terry.[132] As Day and Melcher were both Christian Scientists, she refused to visit a doctor for some time after experiencing symptoms that might have suggested cancer.[133] Following Melcher's death, Day separated from the Church of Christ, Scientist and grew close to charismatic Protestants such as Kathryn Kuhlman, although she never lost interest in Christian Science teaching and practice.[134]
Day's fourth marriage was to Barry Comden (1935–2009) from April 14, 1976, until April 2, 1982.[135] He was the maître d'hôtel at one of Day's favorite restaurants. He knew of her great love of dogs and endeared himself to her by giving her a bag of meat scraps and bones as she left the restaurant. He later complained that Day cared more for her "animal friends" than for him.[135]
Later life
[edit]After her retirement from films, Day lived in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. She had many pets and adopted stray animals.[136] She was a lifelong Republican.[137][138]
In a rare interview with The Hollywood Reporter on April 4, 2019, the day after her 97th birthday, Day talked about her work on the Doris Day Animal Foundation, founded in 1978. Asked to name the favorite of her films, she answered with Calamity Jane: "I was such a tomboy growing up, and she was such a fun character to play. Of course, the music was wonderful, too—'Secret Love,' especially, is such a beautiful song."[139]
To commemorate her birthday, Day's fans gathered in late March each year for a three-day party in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. The event was also a fundraiser for her animal foundation. During the 2019 event, there was a special screening of her film Pillow Talk (1959) to celebrate its 60th anniversary. Speaking about the film, Day stated that she "had such fun working with my pal, Rock. We laughed our way through three films we made together and remained great friends. I miss him."[139]
Death
[edit]Day died of pneumonia at her home in Carmel Valley, California, on May 13, 2019, at the age of 97. Her death was announced by the Doris Day Animal Foundation.[140][141][142] As requested by Day, the foundation announced that there would be no funeral services, grave marker or other public memorials.[143][144][145]
Filmography
[edit]Notable films
[edit]- Romance on the High Seas (1948)
- Calamity Jane (1953)
- Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
- The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956)
- Pillow Talk (1959)
- The Thrill of It All (1963)
- Send Me No Flowers (1964)
- The Glass Bottom Boat (1966)
Discography
[edit]Studio albums
[edit]- You're My Thrill (1949)
- Young Man with a Horn (1950)
- Tea for Two (1950)
- Lullaby of Broadway (1951)
- On Moonlight Bay (1951)
- I'll See You in My Dreams (1951)
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953)
- Calamity Jane (1953)
- Young at Heart (1954)
- Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
- Day Dreams (1955)
- Day by Day (1956)
- The Pajama Game (1957)
- Day by Night (1957)
- Hooray for Hollywood (1958)
- Cuttin' Capers (1959)
- What Every Girl Should Know (1960)
- Show Time (1960)
- Listen to Day (1960)
- Bright and Shiny (1961)
- I Have Dreamed (1961)
- Duet (1962)
- You'll Never Walk Alone (1962)
- Billy Rose's Jumbo (1962)
- Annie Get Your Gun (1963)
- Love Him (1963)
- The Doris Day Christmas Album (1964)
- With a Smile and a Song (1964)
- Latin for Lovers (1965)
- Doris Day's Sentimental Journey (1965)
- The Love Album (recorded 1967; released in 1994)
- My Heart (with eight previously unissued tracks recorded in 1985; released in 2011)[146]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Doris Day". Biography in Context. Detroit, MI: Gale. 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
- ^ a b Hotchner, A.E. (1976). Doris Day: Her Own Story. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-688-02968-5.
- ^ a b Harmetz, Aljean (May 13, 2019). "Doris Day, Movie Star Who Charmed America, Dies at 97". The New York Times. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- ^ a b Elber, Lynn (April 2, 2017). "Birthday surprise for ageless Doris Day: She's actually 95". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
A copy of Day's birth certificate, obtained by The Associated Press from Ohio's Office of Vital Statistics, settles the issue: Doris Mary Kappelhoff, her pre-fame name, was born on April 3, 1922, making her 95. Her parents were Alma and William Kappelhoff of Cincinnati.
- ^ Actress Doris Day dies at 97 Philly.com May 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Leidinger, Paul (May 13, 2015). "Doris Day heißt eigentlich Doris Mary Ann Kappelhoff". Westfälische Nachrichten. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- ^ "Doris Day profile" (ancestry). Wargs. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Braun, Eric (2010). Doris Day. Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 9781409105695.
- ^ Kaufman 2008, p. 4.
- ^ "Ancestry.com". Archived from the original on February 24, 2021.
Born 1922: age on April 10, 1940, in Hamilton County, Ohio, 91–346 (enumeration district), 2552 Warsaw Avenue, was 18 years old as per 1940 United States Census records; name transcribed incorrectly as "Daris Kappelhoff", included with mother Alma and brother Paul, all with same surname
. (registration required; initial 14-day free pass) - ^ "German Ohioans". Archived from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
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- ^ Dunning, John (1998). "The Doris Day Show". On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-19-507678-3. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
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- ^ "The Films of Doris Day: recordings". Dorisday.net. October 14, 2015.
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- ^ Levy, Emanuel (July 25, 2007). "Pillow Talk".[permanent dead link ]
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- ^ "Doris Day, Cary Grant, That Touch of Mink (1962) | The Films of Doris Day". www.dorisday.net. July 25, 2015.
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{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) - ^ Morris, George (1976). Doris Day. Pyramid Publications. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-515-03959-7. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
- ^ Harding, Les (2012). They Knew Marilyn Monroe: Famous Persons in the Life of the Hollywood Icon. McFarland. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-7864-9014-1. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ Pilchak, Angela (2005). Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music. Gale. p. 133. ISBN 9780787680664. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
- ^ Waller, Gregory Albert (1987). American Horrors: Essays on the Modern American Horror Film. University of Illinois Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-252-01448-2. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ "The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures". Doris Day (Filmography).
- ^ McCormick, Neil (August 20, 2011). "Doris Day: sexy side of the girl next door". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ Grindon, Leger (2011). The Hollywood Romantic Comedy: Conventions, History and Controversies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4443-9595-2. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ Kashner, Sam (March 2008). "Here's to You, Mr. Nichols: The Making of The Graduate". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
- ^ a b c "About" (Official website). Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ^ a b Landazuri, Margarita. "With Six You Get Eggroll". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ "Doris Day". Golden Globes. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
- ^ Sonneborn, Liz (2002). A to Z of American Women in the Performing Arts. Infobase Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-4381-0790-5. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ Grace, Roger M. "'Uncle Jerry' Faces the Music in Court, in State Bar Proceeding". Metropolitan News-Enterprise. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ "5 Things You Didn't Know About Doris Day". etonline.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
- ^ "Doris Day Heads Own Show". Hawkins County Post. September 12, 1968. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
- ^ a b "ABC snares Doris Day for TV movies". Spokane Chronicle. October 3, 1990. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
- ^ McGee 2005, pp. 227–28.
- ^ Doris Day Today (TV special, February 19, 1975) at IMDb
- ^ "The Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff Special". IMDb. March 14, 1971. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- ^ "Doris Day Today". IMDb. February 19, 1975. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- ^ Oberman, Tracy-Ann (October 16, 2012). "Rock and Doris and Elizabeth: a moment that changed Hollywood". The Guardian. London. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
- ^ Martin, James A. (July 11, 1997). "Hudson's Day of Revelation". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
- ^ Harmetz, Aljean (May 13, 2019). "Wholesome Box-Office Star and Golden Voice of 'Que Sera, Sera". The New York Times. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
Ms.Day said, "He was very sick. But I just brushed that off and I came out and put my arms around him and said, 'Am I glad to see you.
- ^ Day v. Rosenthal, 170 Cal.App.3d 1132 (1985)
- ^ Morain, Dan (October 17, 1985). "High Court Rejects Judgment Appeal : Doris Day Wins 17-Year Battle With Ex-Attorney". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- ^ Ryon, Ruth (June 14, 1987). "Doris Day Investments Subject of Suit". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- ^ Hager, Philip (July 14, 1987). "Doris Day's Former Lawyer Disbarred". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
- ^ Champlin, Charles (March 13, 1988). "Doris Day: Singing and Looking for Pet Projects". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
- ^ Doris Day: A Sentimental Journey (Television Documentary), Arwin Productions, PBS, 1991
- ^ Kaufman, David (May 2008). "Doris Day's Vanishing Act". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
Both Doris and I hated the director [Andrew L. Stone]. I also disliked her husband, and I was surprised to discover she did, too.
- ^ Hotchner 1975, p. 226.
- ^ "Cut keeps Doris Day from Academy Awards". The Republic. Associated Press. March 30, 1989. p. A2. Retrieved April 4, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ video: "Doris Day Receives the Cecil B. Demille Award – Golden Globes 1989", Dick Clark Productions
- ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Strictly Ballroom [CBS] – Original Soundtrack". AllMusic. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ "A preview of the Doris Day Movie Marathon happening April 3", WVXU, March 28, 2014
- ^ a b "President Bush Presents the Presidential Medal of Freedom". White House. White House Office of the Press Secretary. June 23, 2004. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
- ^ Smith, Liz (November 27, 2011). "Let's Give Doris Day An Award". ThirdAge. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
When, oh when, will Doris receive her long-overdue honorary Academy Award?
- ^ "At 95, Doris Day Gets As Much Tabloid Ink As the Kardashians". The Hollywood Reporter. April 3, 2017.
- ^ "Lifetime Achievement Award". grammy.org. Archived from the original on February 17, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
- ^ "GRAMMY Hall of Fame". Grammy.org. The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ^ "Inductees". Hit Parade Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
- ^ Cody, Antony (September 1, 2011). "Doris Day releases first album in 17 years". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Elber, Lynn (November 29, 2011). "Doris Day sings out for 1st time in 17 years". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Cooper, Leonie (August 15, 2011). "87 year-old Doris Day to release new album". NME. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ "Weekly Chart Notes: Doris Day, Gloria Estefan, Selena Gomez – Chart Beat". Billboard. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ "Doris Day makes UK chart history". BBC News. September 11, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
- ^ "Doris Day Wins Lifetime Achievement Award from L.A. Film Critics". The wrap. October 29, 2011. Archived from the original on October 31, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Kilday, Gregg (October 29, 2011). "Doris Day to Receive Career Achievement Award From Los Angeles Film Critics Association". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
- ^ McNeil, Liz (April 9, 2014). "Doris Day Makes Her First Public Appearance in More Than 2 Decades". People. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- ^ Lee, Benjamin (September 22, 2015). "Doris Day reportedly lured out of retirement by Clint Eastwood". The Guardian. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- ^ "Doris Day: not quite the girl next door". Irish Independent. April 3, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- ^ "Doris Day Shares Never-Before-Seen Photo for 92nd Birthday". ABC News. April 5, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ Patrick & McGee 2006, p. 132, photograph of ad.
- ^ Grudens, Richard (2001). Sally Bennett's Magic Moments. Celebrity Profiles Publishing. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-57579-181-4. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ "About DDAF". Doris Day Animal Foundation. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
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- ^ Patrick-Goudreau, Colleen (2011). Vegan's Daily Companion: 365 Days of Inspiration for Cooking, Eating, and Living Compassionately. Quarry Books. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-61058-015-1. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ Di Paola, Mike (March 30, 2011). "Doris Day Center Gives Abused Horses Sanctuary with Elands, Emu". bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
- ^ "Doris Day's awards, animal artifacts haul in $3 million at auction". Reuters. April 6, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ "Magazine Gay Globe 79 - GROUPE GAY GLOBE LE POINT". June 19, 2020.
- ^ Cartwright, Garth (November 23, 2004). "Terry Melcher". The Guardian. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
- ^ Anderson, Marilyn; Lanning, Dennis L. (September 11, 2011). "The Cypress Inn: Doris Day's Pet-Friendly Getaway in Carmel-by-the-Sea". Agenda mag. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Lippe-Mcgraw, Jordi (May 15, 2019). "Inside Doris Day's Pet Hotel, The Cypress Inn". Architectural Digest. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ "Doris Day: Why she left Hollywood". CBS News. July 14, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- ^ a b c "Doris Day Fast Facts". CNN. March 20, 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- ^ Santopietro, Tom (August 5, 2008). Considering Doris Day: A Biography. Macmillan. p. 130. ISBN 9781429937511.
- ^ "Producer Terry Melcher Dies at 62". Billboard. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ McGee, Garry (June 8, 2015). Doris Day: Sentimental Journey. McFarland. p. 31. ISBN 9781476603216.
- ^ Day, Doris; Hotchner, A. E. (1976). Doris Day : her own story. New York : Bantam Books. pp. 304–306. ISBN 9780553028881.
- ^ a b Nelson, Valerie J. (June 2, 2009). "Barry Comden dies at 74; restaurateur was 4th husband of Doris Day". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ "Doris Day: A Hollywood Legend Reflects On Life". NPR. January 2, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Kaufman 2008, p. 437.
- ^ "Doris Day was a lifelong Republican who dated Ronald Reagan" Washington Examiner. May 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Laurie Brookins, “Doris Day, in Rare Interview, Talks Turning 97, Her Animal Foundation and Rock Hudson: 'I Miss Him'”, The Hollywood Reporter. April 3, 2019. (Retrieved April 10, 2019.)
- ^ "Doris Day, Hollywood's Favorite Girl Next Door, Dies at 97". The Hollywood Reporter. May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- ^ Lee, Benjamin (May 13, 2019). "Doris Day, celebrated actor and singer, dies at 97". The Guardian. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- ^ "Legendary actress and singer Doris Day dead at 97". AP NEWS. The Associated Press. May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- ^ "Actress Doris Day dies aged 97". BBC News. May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- ^ "Hollywood Legend, Leading Singer and Animal Welfare Advocate Doris Day Passes at 97". Doris Day Animal Foundation. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- ^ Harmetz, Aljean (May 13, 2019). "Doris Day, Movie Star Who Charmed America, Dies at 97". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- ^ "Doris Day: Album Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
Sources
[edit]- Barothy, Mary Anne (2007), Day at a Time: An Indiana Girl's Sentimental Journey to Doris Day's Hollywood and Beyond. Hawthorne Publishing, ISBN 9780978716738
- Braun, Eric (2004), Doris Day (2 ed.), London: Orion Books, ISBN 978-0-7528-1715-6
- Bret, David (2008), Doris Day: Reluctant Star. JR Books, London, ISBN 9781781313510
- Brogan, Paul E. (2011), Was That a Name I Dropped?, Aberdeen Bay; ISBN 1608300501, 978-1608300501
- DeVita, Michael J. (2012). My 'Secret Love' Affair with Doris Day (Paperback). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1478153580.
- Hotchner, AE (1975), Doris Day: Her Own Story, William Morrow & Co, ISBN 978-0-688-02968-5.
- Kaufman, David (2008), Doris Day: The Untold Story of the Girl Next Door, New York: Virgin Books, ISBN 978-1-905264-30-8
- McGee, Garry (2005), Doris Day: Sentimental Journey, McFarland & Co, ISBN 9781476603216
- Patrick, Pierre; McGee, Garry (2006), Que Sera, Sera: The Magic of Doris Day Through Television, Bear Manor, ISBN 9781593930561
- Patrick, Pierre; McGee, Garry (2009), The Doris Day Companion: A Beautiful Day. BearManor Media, ISBN 9781593933494
- Santopietro, Thomas "Tom" (2007), Considering Doris Day, New York: Thomas Dunn Books, ISBN 978-0-312-36263-8
External links
[edit]- Official website
- Doris Day Animal Foundation
- Doris Day at IMDb
- Doris Day at the American Film Institute Catalog
- Doris Day at AllMusic
- Doris Day at the TCM Movie Database
- Doris Day discography at Discogs
- Doris Day
- 1922 births
- 2019 deaths
- 20th-century American actresses
- 20th-century American women singers
- 21st-century American women singers
- Actresses from Cincinnati
- Age controversies
- American Christian Scientists
- American film actresses
- American people of German descent
- American television actresses
- American television talk show hosts
- American women memoirists
- American women pop singers
- American animal welfare workers
- Arwin Records artists
- Big band singers
- California Republicans
- Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners
- Columbia Records artists
- Converts to Christian Science
- Deaths from pneumonia in California
- Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
- Singers from Cincinnati
- Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
- Traditional pop music singers
- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
- Universal Pictures contract players
- Warner Bros. contract players