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{{Redirect|Spanish Train|the Chris de Burgh song|Spanish Train and Other Stories}}
{{Redirect|Spanish Train|the Chris de Burgh song|Spanish Train and Other Stories}}{{Distinguish|Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles}}{{short description|Spanish state-owned rail transport company}}{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}{{Refimprove|date=January 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox company|
{{Infobox company|
| name = Renfe Operadora
| name = Renfe-Operadora
| type = [[Government of Spain|State]]-owned company
| type = [[Statutory corporation]]
| logo = [[File:Lgotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg|200px]]
| logo = Logotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| company_slogan = El tren, caballo ganador (The train, the winning horse)
| location_city = [[Madrid]]
| location_city = [[Madrid]]
| location_country = [[Spain]]
| location_country = Spain
| industry = [[Rail transport]]
| industry = [[Rail transport]]
| products = Rail passenger and [[Rail freight transport|freight transport]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}}
| revenue = {{profit}} €3.979 billion <small>(2018)<ref>{{cite journal| title=Renfe cerró 2018 con un beneficio de 111 millones de euros| trans-title=Renfe closed 2018 with a profit of 111 million euros| url=http://railpressnews.blogspot.com/2019/04/renfe-cerro-2018-con-un-beneficio-de.html| date=7 April 2019| journal=Rail Press News| language=es| access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref></small>
| products = [[Rail transport]], [[Freight]]
| foundation = 1 January 2005
| revenue = {{profit}} [[Euro|€]] 1.108 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] (2011)<ref>[http://politikon.es/2011/02/07/renfe-precios-y-beneficios/ Renfe, precios y beneficios | Politikon<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| predecessor = [[Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles]]
| foundation = 24 January 1941
| net_income = {{profit}} €111 million <small>(2018)</small>
| predecessors =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| num_employees = {{decrease}} 13,720 <small>(2018)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.abc.es/economia/abci-renfe-presenta-otro-plan-bajas-voluntarias-para-2018-hasta-805-trabajadores-201801281809_noticia.html| title=Renfe presenta otro plan de bajas voluntarias para 2018 de hasta 805 trabajadores| newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]| location=Madrid| access-date=18 February 2020| language=es-ES| trans-title=Renfe presents another voluntary leave plan for 2018 of up to 805 workers| date=20 January 2018}}</ref></small>
| operating_income = {{profit}} [[Euro|€]] -19.7 [[million]] (2011)<ref>[http://ave-renfe.edreams.es/uno-de-cada-cuatro-trenes-del-ave-esta-subvencionado/ Uno de cada cuatro trenes del AVE está subvencionado | El Tren AVE<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| owner = [[Government of Spain]]
| num_employees = 13,954 (2011)<ref name="Empleados">{{cite web|title=Financial and Activity Report - Renfe|author=Renfe|url=http://www.renfe.com/docs/Renfe_Informe_Anual_2011_9mayo.pdf|accessdate=2010-12-28|format=PDF}}</ref>
| key_people = Isaías Táboas (CEO),<br />Enrique Peña Pérez,<br />Manuel Fresno Castro,<br />José Luis Marroquín
| owner = Government of Spain (100%)
| subsid = *Renfe Viajeros
| key_people = [[Teófilo Serrano Beltrán]],<br />[[Enrique Urkijo Goitia]],<br />Manuel Acero Valbuena,<br />José Luis Marroquín
| subsid =[[Renfe Mercancías]]
*Renfe Mercancías
*Renfe Fabricación y Mantenimiento
| website = [http://www.renfe.com www.renfe.com]
*Renfe Alquiler de Material Ferroviario
| website = {{url|https://www.renfe.com|renfe.com}}
}}
}}
[[File:Red actual de ferrocarriles de España.svg|thumb|right|Map of the Spanish rail network in 2019, with colour-coded track types. Renfe Operadora operates on conventional Iberian gauge (red), high speed (blue), and narrow gauge (green) lines.]]
[[File:Renfeticket.PNG|thumb|right|A Renfe train ticket]]
'''Renfe''' ({{IPA|es|ˈreɱfe}}, {{IPA|ca|ˈreɱfə|label=Eastern Catalan:}}), officially '''Renfe-Operadora''', is [[Spain]]'s national [[State-owned enterprise|state-owned]] railway company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renfe {{!}} Train Tickets & Routes {{!}} Book in English |url=https://www.thetrainline.com/en/train-companies/renfe |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Trainline |language=en}}</ref>


It was created in 2005 upon the split of the former [[Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles|Spanish National Railway Network (RENFE)]] into the [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias]] (ADIF), which inherited the infrastructure, and Renfe-Operadora, which inherited the railway service.
{{Infobox rail
| railroad_name = RENFE
| logo_filename = Madrid_-_Tren_automotor_TAF_9522_-_130120_115849.jpg
| logo_size = 200
| system_map =
| map_caption =
| map_size =
| marks =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| locale = [[Spain]]
| start_year = {{start date|1941|01|24|df=yes}}
| end_year = {{end date|2004|12|31|df=yes}}
| predecessor_line =
| successor_line =
| gauge =
| old_gauge =
| electrification =
| length =
| hq_city =
}}

[[File:Renfe Cercanías New Train.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A new [[Cercanías]] [[Civia]] unit near [[Puerto Real]] ([[Cádiz]])]]
[[File:Renfe clase 100.JPG|thumb|250px|[[AVE]] Class 100 train at Cordoba station]]

'''Renfe Operadora''' ({{IPA-es|ˈrenfe opeɾaˈðoɾa}}) is the [[state-owned]] company which operates freight and passenger [[train]]s on the 1668-mm "[[Iberian gauge]]", 1435-mm "[[Standard gauge|European gauge]]" and 1000-mm "[[Metre Gauge]]" networks of the [[Spain|Spanish]] national [[railway]] [[infrastructure]] company [[Adif|ADIF]] (''Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias''—Railway Infrastructure Administration).


== History ==
== History ==
{{further2|[[History of rail transport in Spain]]}}
{{further|History of rail transport in Spain}}
The name "Renfe" (acronym of ''[[Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles|'''Re'''d '''N'''acional de los '''F'''errocarriles '''E'''spañoles]]'') is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network created on 24 January 1941 with the [[nationalization|nationalisation]] of Spain's railways. As per [[EU Directive 91/440]], Renfe was divided into Renfe Operadora (operations) and ADIF (infrastructure) on 1 January 2005. At the same time, the existing Renfe logo (nicknamed the "galleta", Spanish for biscuit), first introduced in 1971, was replaced by a dark purple lower-case [[wordmark]] designed by Interbrand. Separate logos used by the other sectors were also replaced, but the old Renfe logo remains in use in some stations in Spain and on maps to indicate an ADIF station.


The ''Railway Sector Act, 2003'' separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The first activity is now the responsibility of [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias]] (ADIF), while the newly created Renfe-Operadora (also known as Grupo Renfe or simply Renfe) owns the rolling stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing and operation of the passenger and freight services.<ref>{{cite journal| trans-title=The New Renfe| url=http://www.fcmaf.es/Reportajes/Renfe.htm| title=La Nueva Renfe| journal=Federación Castellano Manchega de Amigos del Ferrocarril| language=es| date=11 January 2005}}</ref>
The name "Renfe" is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network, RENFE (acronym of '''''Re'''d '''N'''acional de los '''F'''errocarriles '''E'''spañoles''—National Network of Spanish Railways) created on 24 January 1941 with the [[nationalization|nationalisation]] of Spain's railways. As per [[EU Directive 91/440]], RENFE was divided into Renfe-Operadora (operations) and ADIF (infrastructure) on 1 January 2005. At the same time, the existing RENFE double-arrowed logo (nicknamed the "galleta", [[Spanish language|Spanish]] for biscuit), first introduced in 1971 and given a facelift in 1983, with a sans-serif font, and again in 2000, with a mixed-case italic font, has been replaced by a dark purple lower-case wordmark designed by Interbrand, and also replaces some of the separate logos used by the other sectors, although the old RENFE logo remains in use in some stations in Spain and on maps to indicate an ADIF station.


Renfe no longer has a monopoly on domestic passenger services due to [[Ouigo España]] launching in 2021, followed by [[Iryo]] in 2022.{{cn|date=June 2023}}
The Railway Sector Act of 2003 separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The first activity is now the responsibility of [[:es:Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias|Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias]] (ADIF), the legal successor of RENFE, while the newly created Renfe-Operadora (commercial name "Renfe Operadora" or simply "Renfe") owns the rolling-stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing and operation of passenger and freight services (though no longer with a legal monopoly).


==Structure==
Renfe Operadora inherited the management model of the business units of the old RENFE, which made Renfe Operadora responsible for the operation of the following passenger and freight services. In January 2006, Renfe Operadora restructured the main business units into four:
Renfe-Operadora inherited the management model of the old Renfe, which made Renfe-Operadora responsible for the operation of the passenger and freight services. In January 2006, Renfe-Operadora restructured the main business units into four general directorates:


*''Dirección General de Servicios Públicos de Cercanías y Media Distancia'' (General Public Utilities Directorate for Suburban and Medium Distance): responsible for commuter services (Cercanías), medium-distance high-speed rail AVE services and medium-range regional services ([[:es:Regionales]] and [[:es:Media Distancia]]). However, control of some [[Cercanías]] services were transferred to Spain's Autonomous communities.
* Dirección General de Servicios Públicos de Cercanías y Media Distancia (General Public Utilities Directorate for Suburban and Medium Distance): responsible for commuter services (Cercanías), medium-distance high-speed rail AVE services and medium-range regional services ([[:es:Regionales]] and [[:es:Media Distancia]]). However, control of some [[Cercanías]] services were transferred to Spain's Autonomous communities.
*''Dirección General de Servicios de Larga Distancia'' (General Directorate of Long Distance Services): responsible for long-distance intercity and high-speed rail services (except medium-distance AVE services and Media Distancia, which is managed by the above business unit).
* Dirección General de Servicios de Larga Distancia (General Directorate of Long Distance Services): responsible for long-distance intercity and high-speed rail services (except medium-distance AVE services and Media Distancia, which is managed by the above business unit).
*''Dirección General de Servicios de Mercancías y Logística'' (General Directorate for Freight and Logistics Services): responsible for freight services.
* Dirección General de Servicios de Mercancías y Logística (General Directorate for Freight and Logistics Services): responsible for freight services.
*''Dirección General de Fabricación y Mantenimiento'' (General Directorate of Manufacturing and Maintenance): responsible for rolling stock maintenance and manufacture (also known as Integria)
* Dirección General de Fabricación y Mantenimiento (General Directorate of Manufacturing and Maintenance): responsible for rolling stock maintenance and manufacture (also known as Integria).


In June 2013, Renfe's board agreed to restructure the group into four separate companies under the holding company:<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/policy/single-view/view/renfe-restructuring-approved.html|access-date=1 July 2013|title=RENFE restructuring approved|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]}}</ref><ref name="Puente20130702">{{cite news
The Spanish State railways are currently engaged in a major transformation and modernisation project. Key to this effort is a major overhaul of their out-dated [[Information and communication technologies|ICT]] ([[information and communication technology]]) systems through an [[Information and communication technologies|ICT]] renewal project scheduled for completion at the end of 2010 under the responsibility of Corporate Director of Information Systems [[Óscar Gómez Barbero]]. So far, the company has introduced improvements to their internet ticket sales and adopted new [[Information and communication technologies|ICT]] management practices within a "more industrial" organisational model, though Mr. Gomez has publicly acknowledged the difficulties in transforming what still remains a very hierarchical organisation.
|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/financial/renfe-confirms-four-subsidiary-split.html|title=Renfe confirms four subsidiary split|last=Puente|first=Fernando|work=[[International Railway Journal]]|publisher=2 July 2013|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref>
*[[Renfe Viajeros]], operating passenger trains;
*[[Renfe Mercancías]], freight;
*[[Renfe Fabricación y Mantenimiento]], rolling stock maintenance;
*[[Renfe Alquiler de Material Ferroviario]], train leasing.


==Structure==
== Figures ==
{| class="wikitable zebra" style="text-align:right;"
In June 2013, Renfe's board agreed to restructure the organisation into four separate companies, responsible for:
|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
*Operating passenger trains;
! Figures<ref>{{cite web|title=Railway Gazette|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article/|access-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019
*Freight;
|-
* Rolling stock maintenance;
| align="left" | Passengers (Mio.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Railway Gazette|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article|last=Railway Gazette}}</ref>
* [[Renfe Alquiler de Material Ferroviario|Train leasing]]
|| 527,975 || 517,583 || 510,176 || 476,334 || 463,012 || 476,917 || 472,145 || 466,057 || 464,961 || 465,201 || 471,359 || 487,881 || 507,088 || 510,453
These four would be underneath a single holding company.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/policy/single-view/view/renfe-restructuring-approved.html|accessdate=1 July 2013|title=RENFE restructuring approved|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]}}</ref><ref name="Puente20130702">{{cite news
|-
|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/financial/renfe-confirms-four-subsidiary-split.html
| align="left" | [[Passenger-kilometer]] (Mio.) || 20,480 || 20,167 || 22,281 || 21,895 || 21,166 || 21,585 || 21,319 || 22,563 ||23,754 || 24,825 || 25,291 || 26,060 || 26,931 || 27,263
|title=Renfe confirms four subsidiary split
|-
|last=Puente
| align="left" | AVE Passengers (Tsd.) || 4.878 || 5.559 || 11.461 || 11.250 || 10.851 || 12.563 || 12.101 || 14.697 || 17.967 || 19.428 || 20.352 || 21.108 || 21.332 || 22.370
|first=Fernando
|-
|work=[[International Railway Journal]]
| align="left" | AVE Passenger-kilometer (Tsd.) || 1.884 || 2.161 || 4.888 || 5.260 || 5.171 || 5.846 || 5.793 || 7.095 || 8.038 || 9.230 || 9.632 || 10.267 || 10.289 || 10.760
|publisher=2 July 2013
|}
|accessdate=4 July 2013}}</ref>


== Operations ==
=== Operations ===
The company operates some {{Convert|12000|km|abbr=on}} of railways, {{Convert|7000|km|abbr=on}} of them electrified. Most of the tracks are constructed to the [[broad gauge|broad]] [[Iberian gauge]] of {{Track gauge|1668mm}}, the same as that used in [[Portugal]] but wider than the international gauge of {{Track gauge|1435mm}} which is standard in most of the rest of the world. The newer [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] ([[AVE]]) network has been built to the international [[standard gauge]] of {{Track gauge|1435mm|disp=1}} for the connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the {{Track gauge|1435mm|disp=1}} gauge is generally termed "European gauge" in Spain.{{Cn|date=July 2023}}
[[File:Red ferroviaria espa ola.png|thumb|250px|Map of the Spanish rail network as it was in 2005, with colour-coded track types. Renfe Operadora operates on broad and standard gauge lines.]]
[[File:Renfeticket.PNG|thumb|250px|A Renfe train ticket]]
The company operates some 15,000&nbsp;km of railways, 7,000&nbsp;km of them electrified. Most of which are constructed to the [[broad gauge|broad]] "Iberian" gauge of {{RailGauge|1668mm}}, the same as that used in [[Portugal]] but wider than the international gauge of {{RailGauge|1435mm}} which is standard in neighbouring [[France]], most of western and central [[Europe]], and most of the rest of the world. The newer [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] ([[AVE]]) network has been built to the international [[standard gauge]] of {{RailGauge|1435mm|disp=1}} in anticipation of its eventual connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the 1435-mm gauge is generally termed "European gauge" in Spain.


Construction of a [[high-speed rail]] line between [[Madrid]] and [[Seville]] began in 1988 and began operations in 1991, going {{Convert|300|km/h|abbr=on}}. The second high-speed rail line (Madrid to [[Barcelona]]) was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is {{Convert|350|km/h|abbr=on}}. The greater part of the line (Madrid to [[Lleida]]) was entered service on 11 October 2003, with a connection to [[Huesca]] from [[Zaragoza]]. The third high-speed line (Madrid to [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]) was opened in November 2005, followed by a spur from [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] to [[Málaga, Spain|Málaga]] as far as [[Antequera]] in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid to [[Valladolid]] was opened in 2007. A line from Madrid to [[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]] was opened in 2010, and the first stage of a high-speed line in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] opened in 2011. A line to [[Lisbon]] is being designed.{{cn|date=June 2023}}
The Spanish high-speed system is called [[AVE]]. ('''''A'''lta '''V'''elocidad '''E'''spañola''—Spanish High Speed). The logo incorporates a feature which resembles a bird (''ave'' in Spanish). The high-speed lines are built to the [[standard gauge|standard European gauge]] ({{RailGauge|1435mm}}).


Other lines operated by Renfe include [[Euromed (train)|Euromed]], a moderate-speed line between Barcelona and Alicante.
Construction of the [[high-speed rail]] line between [[Madrid]] and [[Seville]] began in 1988 and operation commenced in 1991. Train speed on the Seville line is 300&nbsp;km/h. The second high-speed rail line (Madrid to [[Barcelona]]) was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing at 06:00 on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is 350&nbsp;km/h. The greater part of the line (Madrid to [[Lleida]]) was placed into service on [[October 2003|11 October 2003]], with connection to [[Huesca]] from [[Zaragoza]]. The third high-speed line ([[Madrid]] to [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]) was opened in November 2005, followed by the spur from [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] to [[Málaga, Spain|Málaga]] as far as [[Antequera]] in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid to [[Valladolid]] was opened in 2007, the line from Madrid to [[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]] was opened in 2010 and the first stage of the high-speed line in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] opened in 2011. A line to [[Lisbon]] is being designed.


In addition to [[Inter-city rail|intercity]] transport, Renfe operates [[commuter train]] systems, known as ''[[Cercanías]]'' (or ''Rodalies'' in Catalonia and ''Cercanías-Aldirikoak'' in the Basque Country), in eleven metropolitan areas, including Madrid and Barcelona. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other commuter railway operators, such as [[Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya|FGC]].
Other lines operated by Renfe include [[Euromed (train)|Euromed]], a moderate-speed line between Barcelona and Valencia.


In 2019, Renfe solicited bids for 31 new trains for the Asturias and Cantabria regions and the €258m contract was awarded to the CAF ([[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles]]) in June 2020. Around February 2023, authorities discovered the designs were for the wrong loading gauge and would be too wide for the tunnels.<ref name=BI0212>{{cite web |title=$276 million was spent on 31 Spanish trains before it was realized they were too big to fit in the tunnels |date=February 12, 2023 |publisher=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/spain-spend-millions-euros-trains-too-big-for-rail-tunnels-2023-2}}</ref> Amidst international embarrassment, Renfe and ADIF each tried to deflect responsibility, and some called for the firing of the executives deemed responsible. Fortunately, the trains were still being designed, however the ''Cercanía'' commuter trains will be delayed until 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Badcock |first=James |title=Spain spends €258m to build trains too big for its tunnels |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/travel/news/spain-spends-%E2%82%AC258m-to-build-trains-too-big-for-its-tunnels/ar-AA17d0zZ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=MSN |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Chris |date=2023-02-10 |title=Cantabrian President demands heads of 'big shots' must roll over new trains not fitting through tunnels |url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2023/02/10/update-cantabrian-president-demands-heads-of-big-shots-must-roll-over-new-trains-not-fitting-through-tunnels/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Euro Weekly News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=BI0212/> Subsequently, transport officials including the president of Renfe and the Secretary of State for Transport resigned.<ref> {{cite web|url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/travel-troubles/300812892/heads-roll-in-spain-over-trains-too-wide-for-tunnels |title= Heads roll in- Spain over trains too wide for tunnels |publisher= Stuff/Fairfax |date= 2023 }} </ref>
In addition to [[Inter-city rail|intercity]] [[transport]], Renfe operates [[commuter train]] systems, known as ''[[Cercanías]]'' (or ''Rodalies'' in Catalonia and ''Cercanías-Aldirikoak'' in the Basque Country), in eleven metropolitan areas, including [[Madrid]] and [[Barcelona]]. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other commuter railway operators, such as [[Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya|FGC]] in Barcelona.


In November 2024, Renfe bought a 33% shareholding in [[Arenaways]].<ref>[https://www.railjournal.com/financial/renfe-acquires-stake-in-italian-operator-arenaways/ Renfe acquires stake in Italian operator Arenaways] ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' 27 November 2024</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241127210824/https://www.renfe.com/es/en/renfe-group/communication/renfe-today/press-room/renfe-partners-longitude-expand-italian-market Renfe partners with Longitude to expand into Italian market] Renfe 27 November 2024</ref>
== Passenger rolling stock ==

Renfe Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions:


== Passenger rolling stock ==
Renfe-Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions:
=== Suburban and Medium Distance (DGSPCMD) ===
=== Suburban and Medium Distance (DGSPCMD) ===
[[File:Renfe Olabeagako geltokia.jpg|thumb|Renfe 446 EMU in [[Bilbao]].]]


==== Cercanías ====
==== Cercanías AM (Meter Gauge Commuter Services) ====
{| class="wikitable left"
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
|-
! Rolling stock!! City !! Image
! Rolling stock!! Region(s) !! Image
|-
| Feve Class 2400 DMU || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Cantabria]]<br />[[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]|| [[File:FEVE Cerdido.jpg|FEVE_Cerdido|200px]]
|-
| Feve Class 2600 DMU || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Castile and León]]||[[File:Estación de La Losilla (León) FEVE 03.jpg|Estación_de_La_Losilla_(León)_FEVE_03|200px]]
|-
|-
| Feve Class 2700 DMU || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]]<br />[[Cantabria]]<br />[[Castile and León]]<br />[[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]||[[File:J22 803 Bf Llanes, VT 2710.jpg|J22_803_Bf_Llanes,_VT_2710|200px]]
| RENFE Class 442 || Madrid LINEA C-9 || [[File:Cercanias-madrid-c9-line-train-cotos.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| RENFE Class 446 || [[Bilbao]]<br />[[Madrid]]<br />[[San Sebastián]]<br />[[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]]<br />|| [[File:RN446-033.JPG|200px]]
| Feve Class 2900 DMU || [[Castile and León]]<br />[[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]<br />[[Murcia]]|| [[File:Villaquilambre - Apeadero de Feve-Adif 1.jpg|Villaquilambre_-_Apeadero_de_Feve-Adif_1|200px]]
|-
|-
| RENFE Class 447 || [[Barcelona]]<br />[[Madrid]]<br />[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] || [[File:Ut 447 UM Silla.jpg|200px]]
| Feve Class 3300 EMU || [[Asturias]]||[[File:FEVE 3302 (50204068577).jpg|FEVE_3302_(50204068577)|200px]]
|-
|-
| RENFE Class 450/451 || [[Barcelona]]<br />[[Madrid]] || [[File:Ut 450 STVC.jpg|200px]]
| Feve Class 3500 EMU || [[Asturias]]||[[File:Perlora station 1.JPG|Perlora_station_1|200px]]
|-
|-
| Civia || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Cercanías Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br />[[Cádiz]]<br />[[Madrid]]<br />[[Málaga]]<br />[[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]]<br />[[Sevilla]]<br />[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Zaragoza]] || [[File:RN463003El.JPG|200px]]
| Feve Class 3600 EMU || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]]<br />[[Cantabria]]||[[File:J23 162 Bf Torrelavega-Centro, ET 3610.jpg|J23_162_Bf_Torrelavega-Centro,_ET_3610|200px]]
|-
|-
| RENFE Class 592 || [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Murcia]] [[Alicante]]<br /> || [[File:59225M RibaTuria.jpg|200px]]
| Feve Class 3800 EMU || [[Cantabria]]|| [[File:Feve 3811 con nueva decoración.jpg|Feve_3811_con_nueva_decoración|200px]]
|}
|}


==== Medium Distance ====
==== Cercanías (Commuter Services) ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Rolling stock!! Metropolitan area(s) !! Image
|-
| [[Renfe Class 442]] [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]] || [[Madrid]] || [[File:Cercanias-madrid-c9-line-train-cotos.jpg|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 446]] EMU || [[Bilbao]]<br />[[Madrid]]<br />||[[File:Hugh llewelyn 180 (5553135644).jpg|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 447]] EMU || [[Barcelona]] <br />[[Madrid]]<br />[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Murcia]]/[[Alicante]]<br />[[San Sebastián]]<br />[[Santander, Cantabria|Santander]]
|[[File:S03 304 Bf San Pol del Mar, 447 142.jpg|S03_304_Bf_San_Pol_del_Mar,_447_142|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 450]] EMU || [[Barcelona]]<br />[[Madrid]] || [[File:Tren de la serie 450.jpg|200px]]
|-
| [[Civia|Renfe Class 462/463/464/465]] EMU || [[Asturias]]<br />[[Cercanías Barcelona|Barcelona]]<br />[[Cádiz]]<br />[[Madrid]]<br />[[Málaga]]<br />[[Sevilla]]<br />[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Zaragoza]]||[[File:RENFE Civia - Silla - 2014-07-24.jpg|RENFE_Civia_-_Silla_-_2014-07-24|200px]]
|-
| [[Renfe Class 592]] [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]] || [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]<br />[[Murcia]]/[[Alicante]]<br /> || [[File:RENFE 592 - Valencia-Sant Isidre - 2014-08-13.jpg|200px]]
|}

==== Mainline Medium Distance Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
|-
! Rolling stock!! Route(s) !! Image
! Rolling stock!! Route(s) !! Image
|-
|-
|Renfe Class 440/470 EMU <small>(to be phased out)</small>|| Córdoba – Rabanales<br>León – Ponferrada – Vigo<br>León – Gijón<br>Valladolid – Santander<br>Valladolid – Ávila<br>Valladolid – León<br>Valencia − Barcelona<br>Valencia − Alicante|| [[File:RENFE 470 - Valencia Nord - 2014-07-29.jpg|200px]]
| RENFE Class 448 EMU || Catalunya || [[File:Bf Madrid Atocha, 8 448 002.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| Renfe Class 448 EMU || Catalunya<br>Aragón || [[File:RENFE 448 (14519718446).jpg|RENFE_448_(14519718446)|200px]]
| RENFE Class 592 DMU <small>(to be phased out)</small>|| Madrid – Cuenca – Valencia<br>Madrid – Talavera<br>Lleida – La Pobla|| [[File:P1040847.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
|Renfe Class 449 EMU || Madrid – Jaén<br>León – Ponferrada – Orense – Vigo<br>Sevilla – Cádiz<br>Barcelona – Girona – Figueres – Portbou<br>Huelva – Sevilla<br>Jaén – Córdoba – Sevilla – Cadiz<br>Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Albacete<br>Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Ciudad Real<br>Alicante – Albacete – Ciudad Real<br>Madrid − León<br>Madrid – Vitoria<br> Irun - Vitoria - Miranda de Ebro<br>Córdoba – Bobadilla<br>Barcelona – Reus<br>Barcelona – Tortosa || [[File:S2781 Bf Madrid Chamartín, 9 449 009.jpg|S2781_Bf_Madrid_Chamartín,_9_449_009|200px]]
| RENFE Class 594 DMU || Valladolid – Zamora – Puebla de Sanabria<br>Coruña – Ferrol<br>Coruña – Lugo – Monforte de Lemos<br>Madrid – Soria || [[File:RNTRD001.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
|RENFE Class 440/470 EMU <small>(to be phased out)</small>|| Córdoba – Rabanales<br>León – Ponferrada – Vigo<small>(With 449)</small><br>León – Gijón<br>Valladolid – Santander<br>Valladolid – Ávila<br>Valladolid – León|| [[File:Tren renfe 470-011-8.jpg|200px]]
| [[Renfe Class 592]] DMU <small>(to be phased out)</small>|| Madrid – Talavera<br>Murcia – Cartagena<br>Valencia − Alcoi<br>''CELTA:''<br>Oporto - Vigo (Service CP) || [[File:J23 435 Bf Lorca Sutullena, 592 xxx.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
|RENFE Class 596 DMU|| Lleida – La Pobla de Segur<br>Murcia – Cartagena<br>Orense – Monforte de Lemos<br>Zaragoza – Canfranc || [[File:RN596-007.JPG|200px]]
| [[DSB Class MF|Renfe Class 594]] DMU || Valladolid – Zamora – Puebla de Sanabria<br>A Coruña – Ferrol<br>A Coruña – Lugo – Monforte de Lemos - Ourense<br>Madrid – Soria<br>Murcia – Cartagena || [[File:Renfe Class 594 (8649324591).jpg|Renfe_Class_594_(8649324591)|200px]]
|-
|-
|RENFE Class 598 DMU|| Madrid – Badajoz<br>Huelva – Zafra<br>Sevilla – Mérida || [[File:Regional_598_Sevilla_-_Granada_-_Almeria.jpg|200px]]
|Renfe Class 598 DMU|| Cáceres – Valencia de Alcántara<br>Sevilla – Cáceres - Madrid || [[File:Regional Cuenca - Madrid en Paredes - 51734173215.jpg|Regional_Cuenca_-_Madrid_en_Paredes_-_51734173215|200px]]
|-
|-
||RENFE Class 599 DMU || A Coruña – Vigo<br>Salamanca – Ávila – Madrid<br>Zaragoza – Salamanca <br> Salamanca – Palencia<br>Valencia – Cartagena<br>Huesca – Valencia<br>Sevilla – Málaga<br> Sevilla – Almería<br>Granada – Algeciras<br>Málaga – Ronda<br>Granada–Linares || [[File:599 en Vitoria-Gasteiz.jpg|200px]]
||Renfe Class 599 DMU || Madrid – Badajoz<br>Huelva – Zafra<br>A Coruña – Vigo Guixar<br>Salamanca – Ávila – Madrid<br>Salamanca – Palencia<br>Valencia – Cartagena<br>Zaragoza – Valencia<br>Zaragoza – Cartagena<br>Sevilla – Málaga<br>Sevilla – Almería<br>Granada – Algeciras<br>Málaga – Ronda<br>Granada – Linares<br>Madrid − Águilas
| [[File:RENFE 599 087 Piñar.jpg|RENFE_599_087_Piñar|200px]]
|}

==== High-Speed Medium Distance Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
|-
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Route(s)!! Image
|RENFE Class 449 EMU || Madrid – Jaén<br>León – Ponferrada – Orense – Vigo<br>Sevilla – Cádiz<br>Barcelona – Girona – Figueres<br>Huelva – Sevilla<br>Jaén – Córdoba – Sevilla – Cadiz<br>Albacete – Alcazar de San juan – Madrid<br>Alicante – Albacete – Ciudad Real<br>Ciudad Real – Alcazar de San juan – Madrid<br>León – Madrid<br>Madrid – Vitoria<br>Vitoria – Irun<br>Cordoba – Bobadilla || [[File:S449Encina.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
|RENFE Class 104 <small>(High speed midway)</small> || Madrid – Toledo<br>Madrid – Ciudad Real<br>Sevilla – Córdoba<br>Barcelona – Camp De Tarragona<br>Zaragoza – Calatayud|| [[File:Lanzaderas AVE.jpg|200px]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Avant (train)|Avant]]||[[:es:Serie 104 de Renfe|Renfe Class 104]] EMU || Madrid – Toledo<br>Madrid – Ciudad Real<br>Málaga – Granada<br>Sevilla – Córdoba<br>Barcelona – Camp De Tarragona<br>Sevilla - Málaga
| [[File:S1860a Bf Córdoba, 9 104 905.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
|[[New Pendolino|Renfe Class 114]] EMU || Madrid – Puertollano<br>Madrid – Valladolid<br>Barcelona – Figueres<br>Barcelona – Lleida<br>Sevilla – Granada
|RENFE Class 121 <small>(High speed midway)</small> || Cádiz–Jaén<br>La Coruña–Santiago de Compostela || [[File:121Encina.JPG|200px]]
| [[File:Renfe Avant S114 (40363123383).jpg|Renfe_Avant_S114_(40363123383)|200px]]
|-
|-
|[[Renfe Class 120 / 121|Renfe Class 121]] EMU || Cádiz – Jaén<br>A Coruña – Ourense<br>A Coruña – Vigo Urzaiz<br>Madrid – Ponferrada<br>Ponferrada-Vigo<br>Madrid – Gandia<br>Madrid-Salamanca || [[File:RENFE 121 501 Vilches.jpg|RENFE_121_501_Vilches|200px]]
|RENFE Class 114 <small>(High speed midway)</small> || Madrid – Segovia-Guiomar || [[File:Serie 114 de Renfe en Valladolid-Campo Grande.jpg|200px]]
|}
|}


=== Long Distance (DGSLD) ===
=== Long Distance (DGSLD) ===
==== Luxury Tourist Train Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Service !! Route(s)!! Locomotive!! Passenger Car!! Image
|-
| Al Ándalus|| Sevilla - Granada - Úbeda - Sevilla || Renfe Class 319.3 Locomotive || Al Ándalus || [[File:Renfe 319.323 + 319.304 "Al Andalus" (48373548251).jpg|Renfe_319.323_+_319.304_"Al_Andalus"_(48373548251)|200px]]
|-
| Costa Verde Express|| Bilbao - Santiago de Compostela<br>Santiago de Compostela - Bilbao
| Feve Class 1900 Locomotive || El Transcantábrico || [[File:FEVE 1916 + “El Transcantábrico” (50101413867).jpg|FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50101413867)|200px]]
|-
| El Transcantábrico Gran Lujo|| San Sebastián–Santiago de Compostela<br>Santiago de Compostela–San Sebastián
| Feve Class 1900 Locomotive || El Transcantábrico || [[File:FEVE 1916 + “El Transcantábrico” (50182318097).jpg|FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50182318097)|200px]]
|-
| La Robla Express|| "La Robla Route:"<br>Bilbao - León<br>León - Bilbao<br>"Pilgrim's Route:"<br>Oviedo - Ortigueira - Santiago de Compostela - Oviedo || Feve Class 1650 Locomotive || La Robla || [[File:El Expreso de la Robla - seascape.jpg|El_Expreso_de_la_Robla_-_seascape|200px]]
|}


==== Mainline Long Distance Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
|+ <big>'''Main Line and long-distance services'''</big>
! Service(s) !! Route(s)!! Locomotive!! Passenger Car!! Image
|-
| rowspan="2" | Intercity|| Madrid – Algeciras<br>Madrid – Granada<br>Madrid – Murcia – Cartagena<br>Madrid – Almería<br>Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca<br>Madrid – Cáceres – Badajoz || [[Renfe Class 334]] Locomotive || Talgo Pendular || [[File:RENFE 334 018 Campillos.jpg|RENFE_334_018_Campillos|200px]]
|-
| Madrid – Almería<br>Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca<br>Madrid – Valencia || [[Renfe Class 252]] Locomotive || Talgo Pendular || [[File:252-066-6, Spain, Tarragona, Port Aventura - Tres Camins stretch (Trainpix 199420).jpg|252-066-6,_Spain,_Tarragona,_Port_Aventura_-_Tres_Camins_stretch_(Trainpix_199420)|200px]]
|}

==== High-Speed Long Distance Services ====
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Route(s)!! Image
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Route(s)!! Image
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[AVE]] || [[AVE Class 100|Renfe Class 100]] EMU || Madrid – Sevilla<br>Madrid – Alicante<br>Madrid – Marseille{{ref|b}}<br>Barcelona – Toulouse{{ref|b}}<br>Barcelona – Lyon{{ref|b}} || [[File:J20 676 Bf Perpignan, 9 100 121 Renfe.jpg|J20_676_Bf_Perpignan,_9_100_121_Renfe|200px]]
| colspan=4 | Conventional RENFE traditional services, with conventional rolling stock
|-
|-
| [[AVE Class 102|Renfe Class 102]] EMU || |Madrid – Huesca<br>Madrid – Zaragoza<br>Madrid – Valladolid<br>Madrid – Málaga<br>Valencia – Sevilla ||[[File:AVE S-102. Viaducto sobre el Arroyo de Pedro Gil (32308646046).jpg|AVE_S-102._Viaducto_sobre_el_Arroyo_de_Pedro_Gil_(32308646046)|200px]]
| [[Diurno (Renfe)|Diurno]] || Locomotive + Passenger cars || "Costa Brava" Madrid – Barcelona || [[File:Diurno 280.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
| [[AVE Class 103|Renfe Class 103]] EMU || Madrid – Barcelona<br>Madrid – Málaga || [[File:AveZaragozaDelicias (straighten).jpg|200px]]
| [[Estrella train|Estrella]] || Locomotive + sleeper cars|| ''Atlántico''<br>''Costa Brava''<br>''Galicia''<br>''Pío Baroja''<br>''Picasso''<br>''Sudexpress/Surex'' || [[File:RN319-3362.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
| [[AVE Class 112|Renfe Class 112]] EMU || Madrid – Cuenca – Valencia<br />Madrid – Cuenca – Albacete<br>Madrid – León<br>Barcelona – Málaga<br>Barcelona – Zaragoza<br>Barcelona – Sevilla|| [[File:Tren AVE, en la estación de Valencia, España, Serie 112 de Renfe.JPG|200px]]
| colspan=4 | With the disappearance of steam and the generalization of electric trains and diesel, some have improved their rolling stock whilst others retain the original rolling stock for the service.
|-
|-
| [[Alaris]] || [[RENFE Class 490]] || Madrid – Valencia<br>Madrid – Castellón<br>Madrid – Gandía<br>Madrid – Oropesa de Mar<br>Barcelona – Valencia<br>Barcelona – Alicante||[[File:AL04490Silla.jpg|200px]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Alvia]] <small>(mixed high-speed &<br>conventional service)</small> || [[Renfe Class 120]] EMU || Madrid – Pamplona<br>Madrid – Logroño<br>Madrid – Irún/Hendaya<br>Madrid – Bilbao<br>Madrid – Salamanca<br>Barcelona – Irún<br>Barcelona – Bilbao<br>Barcelona – Pamplona<br>Barcelona – Valladolid<br>''Torre del Oro:'' Barcelona – Valencia – Sevilla – Cádiz
| [[File:Alvia Vigo-Barcelona, el tren escoba (3710893886).jpg|Alvia_Vigo-Barcelona,_el_tren_escoba_(3710893886)|200px]]
|-
|-
| [[Renfe Class 130]] EMU || Madrid – Gijón<br>Madrid – Santander<br>Alicante – Gijón<br>Alicante – Santander<br>Madrid – Cádiz<br>Madrid – Huelva<br>Madrid – Valencia – Castellón<br>Madrid – Valencia – Gandía<br>Barcelona – A Coruña<br>Barcelona – Vigo<br>Barcelona – Gijón<br>''Euromed:'' Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante
| [[Altaria (rail service)|Altaria]] || Locomotive + Talgo cars IV/VI/VII || Madrid – Algeciras<br>Madrid – Granada<br>Madrid – Cartagena<br>Madrid – Murcia|| [[File:T alt TGNA rfn.jpg|200px]]
|| [[File:RENFE Alvia S-130.000 (24547010389).jpg|RENFE_Alvia_S-130.000_(24547010389)|200px]]
|-
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Alvia]] || [[RENFE Class 120]] || Madrid – Pamplona<br>Madrid – Logroño<br>Madrid – Hendaya<br>Madrid – Irún<br>Barcelona – Vigo || [[File:RN 120-6051.JPG|200px]]
| [[Renfe Class 730]] HMU || Alicante – Madrid – Pontevedra<br>Alicante – Madrid – A Coruña<br>Madrid – Ferrol<br>Madrid – Pontevedra<br>Madrid – Ponferrada<br>Madrid – Murcia<br>Madrid – Badajoz
|| [[File:RENFE Class 730 Viaducto Martin Gil.jpg|RENFE_Class_730_Viaducto_Martin_Gil|200px]]
|}

=== Prototype rolling stock ===
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
|-
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Image
| [[RENFE Class 130]] || Madrid – Gijon<br>Madrid – Santander<br>Madrid – Bilbao<br>Madrid – Hendaya<br>Alicante – Gijon<br>Alicante – Santander
Madrid – Alicante<br>Madrid – Cádiz<br>Madrid – Huelva<br>Madrid – Leon<br>
|| [[File:Renfe clase 130.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[AVE]] || [[CAF Oaris|Renfe Class 105]] EMU || [[File:Oaris de CAF (105.001) en proves per Vilafant.jpg|Oaris_de_CAF_(105.001)_en_proves_per_Vilafant|200px]]
| [[RENFE Class 730]] || Madrid – Ferrol (2012)
Madrid – Galicia <small>(2012)</small><br>Madrid – Cartagena <small>(2012)</small><br>Madrid – Murcia <small>(2012)</small>
|| [[File:Serie 730 de Renfe - 1.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[AVE]] || [[Talgo AVRIL]] EMU || [[File:Serie 106 de Renfe.jpg|Renfe Class 106 at Córdoba|200px]]
| [[Arco (Renfe)|Arco]] || Locomotive + conventional passenger cars refitted for 200&nbsp;km/h operation || ''Camino de Santiago" Basque Country– Galicia|| [[File:697Alzira.jpg|200px]]
|}

=== Future rolling stock ===
{| class="wikitable left"
|-
|-
! Service !! Rolling stock!! Quantity
| rowspan=4 | [[AVE]] || [[AVE Class 100|RENFE Class 100]] || Madrid-Puerta de Atocha – Sevilla-Santa Justa || [[File:Renfe clase 100.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Renfe Feve|Ancho Metrico]]|| [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Unknown Meter Gauge CAF]] EMU || 26
| [[AVE Class 102|RENFE Class 102]] || |Madrid-Puerta de Atocha – Huesca<br>Madrid-Puerta de Atocha – Zaragoza-Delicias<br>Estación de Madrid-Chamartín – Valladolid-Campo Grande<br>Madrid-Puerta de Atocha – Málaga-Mª Zambrano ||[[File:Talgo 350.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Unknown Meter Gauge CAF]] BMU || 5
| [[AVE Class 103|RENFE Class 103]] || Madrid-Puerta de Atocha – Barcelona-Sants || [[File:Renfe clase 103.JPG|200px]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cercanías]] || [[Alstom Coradia|X'trapolis Coradia]] EMU || 152
| [[AVE Class 112|RENFE Class 112]] || Madrid-Puerta de Atocha – Cuenca – Valencia<br />Madrid-Puerta de Atocha – Cuenca – Albacete<br>Barcelona-Sants – Málaga-Mª Zambrano<br>Barcelona-Sants – Zaragoza-Delicias<br>Barcelona-Sants – Sevilla-Santa Justa|| [[File:Mariazambranomalaga.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| [[Stadler FLIRT|FLIRT]]/[[Stadler KISS|KISS]] EMU || 59
| [[Euromed (train)|Euromed]] || [[RENFE Class 130]] || Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante|| [[File:130-07 en el Cambiador de Valdestillas.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Unknown Meter Gauge CAF]] EMU || 6
| Intercity || [[RENFE Class 448]] || Madrid-Chamartín – Hendaya||[[File:Intercity - 22Diciembre2007.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Media Distancia]]|| [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|Unknown Iberian Gauge CAF]] EMU || 28
| [[Talgo]] || Locomotive + Talgo cars IV/VI/VII || ''Catalán Talgo'' Barcelona – Montpellier<br>''Covadonga/Finisterre'' Barcelona – Galicia/Gijón <br>''Mare Nostrum'' Cartagena – Montpellier<br>''Miguel de Unamuno'' Barcelona – País Vasco/Salamanca<br>Barcelona – Lorca<br>Barcelona – Murcia<br>Madrid – Galicia<br>Alicante – Galicia<br>Madrid – Almería<br>Madrid – Badajoz<br>Madrid – Bilbao|| [[File:Bf Linares-Baeza, Talgo7-Endwagen a.jpg|200px]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[AVE]]|| [[Talgo AVRIL|Renfe Class 106]] EMU || 30
| [[Elipsos|Trenhotel]] || Locomotive + Talgo cars and sleeper cars|| ''Antonio Machado''<br>''Francisco de Goya''<br>''Gibralfaro''<br>''Joan Miró''<br>''Pau Casals''<br>''Rías Gallegas''<br>''Salvador Dalí'' || [[File:Bf Linares-Baeza, Talgo7-Einheit.jpg|200px]]
|-
| [[Talgo AVRIL|Renfe Class 107]] EMU || 13
|}
|}


== Class numbers ==
== Vehicles register numbers ==
All classes are designated by three numbers. The first digit has a special meaning:
All classes are designated by three numbers. The first digit has a special meaning:
* 1xx: High speed [[multiple unit]]
* 1xx: High speed [[multiple unit]]
Line 204: Line 253:
* 6xx: [[Hybrid train|Hybrid locomotive]]
* 6xx: [[Hybrid train|Hybrid locomotive]]
* 7xx: Hybrid multiple unit (HMU)
* 7xx: Hybrid multiple unit (HMU)
* 8xx: [[Tram]]s which can run on railways
* 8xx: Trams which can run on railways

==Tickets==
[[Train ticket|Travel tickets]] are available from rail stations and online. In 2023 the [[European Commission]] initiated an investigation into concerns that Renfe might have been abusing its [[dominance (economics)|dominant position]] in the online ticketing market by refusing to share journey time information with competing ticketing websites. Renfe offered a number of commitments intended to address these concerns, which the European Commission made legally binding in January 2024 under the EU's [[Competition law in the European Union|competition]] rules.<ref>European Commission, [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_201 Commission accepts commitments by Renfe opening up competition in online rail ticketing in Spain], Press Release IP/24/201, published 17 January 2024</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[FEVE]]
* [[Renfe Feve]]
* [[History of rail transport in Spain]]
* [[History of rail transport in Spain]]
* [[Rail transport in Spain]]
* [[Rail transport in Spain]]
* [[Transport in Spain]]
* [[Transport in Spain]]
* [[Madrid, Zaragoza and Alicante railway]]

== Notes ==
:1.{{note|a}}Operated by [[Comboios de Portugal|CP]] in Portugal.
:2.{{note|b}}Managed by [[Elipsos]] under the brand ''Renfe-SNCF en Cooperación/en Coopération''.


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.esade.edu/web/news_events/agenda?action_page=/p/CMSView/eventos.do&method=viewExecute&elementoId=79681 RENFE Corporate Director of Information Systems Oscar Gomez Barbero speaks of Renfe´s Transformation at ESADE Business School in Madrid.]{{dead link|date=December 2013}}
* [http://www.fcmaf.es/Reportajes/Renfe.htm Federación Castellano Manchega de Amigos del Ferrocarril]


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Renfe Operadora}}
{{commons category|Renfe Operadora}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141104065449/http://www.renfe-sncf.com/rw-en/Pages/Home.aspx Train tickets from France and Spain]}}
* [http://www.renfe.com/EN/viajeros/index.html Renfe's official website]
* {{Official website|http://www.renfe.com/EN/viajeros/index.html|Renfe's official website}}
* [http://www.canuckabroad.com/eurorail/eurail-pass-spain Eurail Passes for Spain]{{dead link|date=December 2013}}
* {{PM20|FID=co/018947|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}


{{Rail transport in Spain}}
{{Rail transport in Spain}}
{{National railway companies of Europe}}
{{National railway companies of Europe}}
{{Rolling stock of Renfe Operadora}}
{{Rodalies de Catalunya}}
{{Transport in Barcelona}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Renfe Operadora}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renfe Operadora}}
[[Category:Renfe Operadora]]
[[Category:Renfe| ]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Spain]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Spain]]
[[Category:Companies based in the Community of Madrid]]
[[Category:Companies based in the Community of Madrid]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Spain]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Spain]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish brands]]
[[Category:Spanish companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 2005]]

Latest revision as of 22:52, 25 December 2024

"Spanish Train" redirects here. For the Chris de Burgh song, see Spanish Train and Other Stories.
Not to be confused with Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles.

Renfe-Operadora
Company typeStatutory corporation
IndustryRail transport
PredecessorRed Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles
Founded1 January 2005
Headquarters
Madrid
,
Spain
Key people
Isaías Táboas (CEO),
Enrique Peña Pérez,
Manuel Fresno Castro,
José Luis Marroquín
ProductsRail passenger and freight transport
RevenueIncrease €3.979 billion (2018)[1]
Increase €111 million (2018)
OwnerGovernment of Spain
Number of employees
Decrease 13,720 (2018)[2]
Subsidiaries
  • Renfe Viajeros
  • Renfe Mercancías
  • Renfe Fabricación y Mantenimiento
  • Renfe Alquiler de Material Ferroviario
Websiterenfe.com
Map of the Spanish rail network in 2019, with colour-coded track types. Renfe Operadora operates on conventional Iberian gauge (red), high speed (blue), and narrow gauge (green) lines.
A Renfe train ticket

Renfe (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈreɱfe], Eastern Catalan: [ˈreɱfə]), officially Renfe-Operadora, is Spain's national state-owned railway company.[3]

It was created in 2005 upon the split of the former Spanish National Railway Network (RENFE) into the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), which inherited the infrastructure, and Renfe-Operadora, which inherited the railway service.

History

[edit]
Further information: History of rail transport in Spain

The name "Renfe" (acronym of Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles) is derived from that of the former Spanish National Railway Network created on 24 January 1941 with the nationalisation of Spain's railways. As per EU Directive 91/440, Renfe was divided into Renfe Operadora (operations) and ADIF (infrastructure) on 1 January 2005. At the same time, the existing Renfe logo (nicknamed the "galleta", Spanish for biscuit), first introduced in 1971, was replaced by a dark purple lower-case wordmark designed by Interbrand. Separate logos used by the other sectors were also replaced, but the old Renfe logo remains in use in some stations in Spain and on maps to indicate an ADIF station.

The Railway Sector Act, 2003 separated the management, maintenance and construction of rail infrastructure from train operation. The first activity is now the responsibility of Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF), while the newly created Renfe-Operadora (also known as Grupo Renfe or simply Renfe) owns the rolling stock and remains responsible for the planning, marketing and operation of the passenger and freight services.[4]

Renfe no longer has a monopoly on domestic passenger services due to Ouigo España launching in 2021, followed by Iryo in 2022.[citation needed]

Structure

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Renfe-Operadora inherited the management model of the old Renfe, which made Renfe-Operadora responsible for the operation of the passenger and freight services. In January 2006, Renfe-Operadora restructured the main business units into four general directorates:

  • Dirección General de Servicios Públicos de Cercanías y Media Distancia (General Public Utilities Directorate for Suburban and Medium Distance): responsible for commuter services (Cercanías), medium-distance high-speed rail AVE services and medium-range regional services (es:Regionales and es:Media Distancia). However, control of some Cercanías services were transferred to Spain's Autonomous communities.
  • Dirección General de Servicios de Larga Distancia (General Directorate of Long Distance Services): responsible for long-distance intercity and high-speed rail services (except medium-distance AVE services and Media Distancia, which is managed by the above business unit).
  • Dirección General de Servicios de Mercancías y Logística (General Directorate for Freight and Logistics Services): responsible for freight services.
  • Dirección General de Fabricación y Mantenimiento (General Directorate of Manufacturing and Maintenance): responsible for rolling stock maintenance and manufacture (also known as Integria).

In June 2013, Renfe's board agreed to restructure the group into four separate companies under the holding company:[5][6]

Figures

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Figures[7] 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Passengers (Mio.)[8] 527,975 517,583 510,176 476,334 463,012 476,917 472,145 466,057 464,961 465,201 471,359 487,881 507,088 510,453
Passenger-kilometer (Mio.) 20,480 20,167 22,281 21,895 21,166 21,585 21,319 22,563 23,754 24,825 25,291 26,060 26,931 27,263
AVE Passengers (Tsd.) 4.878 5.559 11.461 11.250 10.851 12.563 12.101 14.697 17.967 19.428 20.352 21.108 21.332 22.370
AVE Passenger-kilometer (Tsd.) 1.884 2.161 4.888 5.260 5.171 5.846 5.793 7.095 8.038 9.230 9.632 10.267 10.289 10.760

Operations

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The company operates some 12,000 km (7,500 mi) of railways, 7,000 km (4,300 mi) of them electrified. Most of the tracks are constructed to the broad Iberian gauge of 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), the same as that used in Portugal but wider than the international gauge of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) which is standard in most of the rest of the world. The newer high-speed (AVE) network has been built to the international standard gauge of 1,435 mm for the connection to the rest of the European railway system. For this reason, the 1,435 mm gauge is generally termed "European gauge" in Spain.[citation needed]

Construction of a high-speed rail line between Madrid and Seville began in 1988 and began operations in 1991, going 300 km/h (190 mph). The second high-speed rail line (Madrid to Barcelona) was completed in 2007 with the inaugural service commencing on 20 February 2008. The operational speed on this route is 350 km/h (220 mph). The greater part of the line (Madrid to Lleida) was entered service on 11 October 2003, with a connection to Huesca from Zaragoza. The third high-speed line (Madrid to Toledo) was opened in November 2005, followed by a spur from Córdoba to Málaga as far as Antequera in 2007. Another high-speed route from Madrid to Valladolid was opened in 2007. A line from Madrid to Valencia was opened in 2010, and the first stage of a high-speed line in Galicia opened in 2011. A line to Lisbon is being designed.[citation needed]

Other lines operated by Renfe include Euromed, a moderate-speed line between Barcelona and Alicante.

In addition to intercity transport, Renfe operates commuter train systems, known as Cercanías (or Rodalies in Catalonia and Cercanías-Aldirikoak in the Basque Country), in eleven metropolitan areas, including Madrid and Barcelona. In some cities, Renfe shares the market with other commuter railway operators, such as FGC.

In 2019, Renfe solicited bids for 31 new trains for the Asturias and Cantabria regions and the €258m contract was awarded to the CAF (Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles) in June 2020. Around February 2023, authorities discovered the designs were for the wrong loading gauge and would be too wide for the tunnels.[9] Amidst international embarrassment, Renfe and ADIF each tried to deflect responsibility, and some called for the firing of the executives deemed responsible. Fortunately, the trains were still being designed, however the Cercanía commuter trains will be delayed until 2026.[10][11][9] Subsequently, transport officials including the president of Renfe and the Secretary of State for Transport resigned.[12]

In November 2024, Renfe bought a 33% shareholding in Arenaways.[13][14]

Passenger rolling stock

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Renfe-Operadora utilises the following rolling stock and commercial products inside of its two divisions:

Suburban and Medium Distance (DGSPCMD)

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Cercanías AM (Meter Gauge Commuter Services)

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Rolling stock Region(s) Image
Feve Class 2400 DMU Asturias
Cantabria
Galicia		 FEVE_Cerdido
Feve Class 2600 DMU Asturias
Castile and León		 Estación_de_La_Losilla_(León)_FEVE_03
Feve Class 2700 DMU Asturias
Basque Country
Cantabria
Castile and León
Galicia		 J22_803_Bf_Llanes,_VT_2710
Feve Class 2900 DMU Castile and León
Galicia
Murcia		 Villaquilambre_-_Apeadero_de_Feve-Adif_1
Feve Class 3300 EMU Asturias FEVE_3302_(50204068577)
Feve Class 3500 EMU Asturias Perlora_station_1
Feve Class 3600 EMU Asturias
Basque Country
Cantabria		 J23_162_Bf_Torrelavega-Centro,_ET_3610
Feve Class 3800 EMU Cantabria Feve_3811_con_nueva_decoración

Cercanías (Commuter Services)

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Rolling stock Metropolitan area(s) Image
Renfe Class 442 EMU Madrid
Renfe Class 446 EMU Bilbao
Madrid
Renfe Class 447 EMU Barcelona
Madrid
Valencia
Murcia/Alicante
San Sebastián
Santander 		S03_304_Bf_San_Pol_del_Mar,_447_142
Renfe Class 450 EMU Barcelona
Madrid
Renfe Class 462/463/464/465 EMU Asturias
Barcelona
Cádiz
Madrid
Málaga
Sevilla
Valencia
Zaragoza		 RENFE_Civia_-_Silla_-_2014-07-24
Renfe Class 592 DMU Valencia
Murcia/Alicante

Mainline Medium Distance Services

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Rolling stock Route(s) Image
Renfe Class 440/470 EMU (to be phased out) Córdoba – Rabanales
León – Ponferrada – Vigo
León – Gijón
Valladolid – Santander
Valladolid – Ávila
Valladolid – León
Valencia − Barcelona
Valencia − Alicante
Renfe Class 448 EMU Catalunya
Aragón		 RENFE_448_(14519718446)
Renfe Class 449 EMU Madrid – Jaén
León – Ponferrada – Orense – Vigo
Sevilla – Cádiz
Barcelona – Girona – Figueres – Portbou
Huelva – Sevilla
Jaén – Córdoba – Sevilla – Cadiz
Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Albacete
Madrid − Alcázar de San Juan − Ciudad Real
Alicante – Albacete – Ciudad Real
Madrid − León
Madrid – Vitoria
Irun - Vitoria - Miranda de Ebro
Córdoba – Bobadilla
Barcelona – Reus
Barcelona – Tortosa		 S2781_Bf_Madrid_Chamartín,_9_449_009
Renfe Class 592 DMU (to be phased out) Madrid – Talavera
Murcia – Cartagena
Valencia − Alcoi
CELTA:
Oporto - Vigo (Service CP)
Renfe Class 594 DMU Valladolid – Zamora – Puebla de Sanabria
A Coruña – Ferrol
A Coruña – Lugo – Monforte de Lemos - Ourense
Madrid – Soria
Murcia – Cartagena		 Renfe_Class_594_(8649324591)
Renfe Class 598 DMU Cáceres – Valencia de Alcántara
Sevilla – Cáceres - Madrid		 Regional_Cuenca_-_Madrid_en_Paredes_-_51734173215
Renfe Class 599 DMU Madrid – Badajoz
Huelva – Zafra
A Coruña – Vigo Guixar
Salamanca – Ávila – Madrid
Salamanca – Palencia
Valencia – Cartagena
Zaragoza – Valencia
Zaragoza – Cartagena
Sevilla – Málaga
Sevilla – Almería
Granada – Algeciras
Málaga – Ronda
Granada – Linares
Madrid − Águilas 		RENFE_599_087_Piñar

High-Speed Medium Distance Services

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Service Rolling stock Route(s) Image
Avant Renfe Class 104 EMU Madrid – Toledo
Madrid – Ciudad Real
Málaga – Granada
Sevilla – Córdoba
Barcelona – Camp De Tarragona
Sevilla - Málaga
Renfe Class 114 EMU Madrid – Puertollano
Madrid – Valladolid
Barcelona – Figueres
Barcelona – Lleida
Sevilla – Granada 		Renfe_Avant_S114_(40363123383)
Renfe Class 121 EMU Cádiz – Jaén
A Coruña – Ourense
A Coruña – Vigo Urzaiz
Madrid – Ponferrada
Ponferrada-Vigo
Madrid – Gandia
Madrid-Salamanca		 RENFE_121_501_Vilches

Long Distance (DGSLD)

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Luxury Tourist Train Services

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Service Route(s) Locomotive Passenger Car Image
Al Ándalus Sevilla - Granada - Úbeda - Sevilla Renfe Class 319.3 Locomotive Al Ándalus Renfe_319.323_+_319.304_"Al_Andalus"_(48373548251)
Costa Verde Express Bilbao - Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela - Bilbao 		Feve Class 1900 Locomotive El Transcantábrico FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50101413867)
El Transcantábrico Gran Lujo San Sebastián–Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela–San Sebastián 		Feve Class 1900 Locomotive El Transcantábrico FEVE_1916_+_"El_Transcantábrico"_(50182318097)
La Robla Express "La Robla Route:"
Bilbao - León
León - Bilbao
"Pilgrim's Route:"
Oviedo - Ortigueira - Santiago de Compostela - Oviedo		 Feve Class 1650 Locomotive La Robla El_Expreso_de_la_Robla_-_seascape

Mainline Long Distance Services

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Service(s) Route(s) Locomotive Passenger Car Image
Intercity Madrid – Algeciras
Madrid – Granada
Madrid – Murcia – Cartagena
Madrid – Almería
Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca
Madrid – Cáceres – Badajoz		 Renfe Class 334 Locomotive Talgo Pendular RENFE_334_018_Campillos
Madrid – Almería
Barcelona – Murcia – Cartagena/Lorca
Madrid – Valencia		 Renfe Class 252 Locomotive Talgo Pendular 252-066-6,_Spain,_Tarragona,_Port_Aventura_-_Tres_Camins_stretch_(Trainpix_199420)

High-Speed Long Distance Services

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Service Rolling stock Route(s) Image
AVE Renfe Class 100 EMU Madrid – Sevilla
Madrid – Alicante
Madrid – Marseille[1]
Barcelona – Toulouse[2]
Barcelona – Lyon[3]		 J20_676_Bf_Perpignan,_9_100_121_Renfe
Renfe Class 102 EMU Madrid – Huesca
Madrid – Zaragoza
Madrid – Valladolid
Madrid – Málaga
Valencia – Sevilla		 AVE_S-102._Viaducto_sobre_el_Arroyo_de_Pedro_Gil_(32308646046)
Renfe Class 103 EMU Madrid – Barcelona
Madrid – Málaga
Renfe Class 112 EMU Madrid – Cuenca – Valencia
Madrid – Cuenca – Albacete
Madrid – León
Barcelona – Málaga
Barcelona – Zaragoza
Barcelona – Sevilla
Alvia (mixed high-speed &
conventional service)		 Renfe Class 120 EMU Madrid – Pamplona
Madrid – Logroño
Madrid – Irún/Hendaya
Madrid – Bilbao
Madrid – Salamanca
Barcelona – Irún
Barcelona – Bilbao
Barcelona – Pamplona
Barcelona – Valladolid
Torre del Oro: Barcelona – Valencia – Sevilla – Cádiz 		Alvia_Vigo-Barcelona,_el_tren_escoba_(3710893886)
Renfe Class 130 EMU Madrid – Gijón
Madrid – Santander
Alicante – Gijón
Alicante – Santander
Madrid – Cádiz
Madrid – Huelva
Madrid – Valencia – Castellón
Madrid – Valencia – Gandía
Barcelona – A Coruña
Barcelona – Vigo
Barcelona – Gijón
Euromed: Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante 		RENFE_Alvia_S-130.000_(24547010389)
Renfe Class 730 HMU Alicante – Madrid – Pontevedra
Alicante – Madrid – A Coruña
Madrid – Ferrol
Madrid – Pontevedra
Madrid – Ponferrada
Madrid – Murcia
Madrid – Badajoz 		RENFE_Class_730_Viaducto_Martin_Gil

Prototype rolling stock

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Service Rolling stock Image
AVE Renfe Class 105 EMU Oaris_de_CAF_(105.001)_en_proves_per_Vilafant
AVE Talgo AVRIL EMU Renfe Class 106 at Córdoba

Future rolling stock

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Service Rolling stock Quantity
Ancho Metrico Unknown Meter Gauge CAF EMU 26
Unknown Meter Gauge CAF BMU 5
Cercanías X'trapolis Coradia EMU 152
FLIRT/KISS EMU 59
Unknown Meter Gauge CAF EMU 6
Media Distancia Unknown Iberian Gauge CAF EMU 28
AVE Renfe Class 106 EMU 30
Renfe Class 107 EMU 13

Vehicles register numbers

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All classes are designated by three numbers. The first digit has a special meaning:

Tickets

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Travel tickets are available from rail stations and online. In 2023 the European Commission initiated an investigation into concerns that Renfe might have been abusing its dominant position in the online ticketing market by refusing to share journey time information with competing ticketing websites. Renfe offered a number of commitments intended to address these concerns, which the European Commission made legally binding in January 2024 under the EU's competition rules.[15]

See also

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Notes

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1.^ Operated by CP in Portugal.
2.^ Managed by Elipsos under the brand Renfe-SNCF en Cooperación/en Coopération.

References

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  1. ^ "Renfe cerró 2018 con un beneficio de 111 millones de euros" [Renfe closed 2018 with a profit of 111 million euros]. Rail Press News (in Spanish). 7 April 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Renfe presenta otro plan de bajas voluntarias para 2018 de hasta 805 trabajadores" [Renfe presents another voluntary leave plan for 2018 of up to 805 workers]. ABC (in European Spanish). Madrid. 20 January 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  3. ^ "Renfe | Train Tickets & Routes | Book in English". Trainline. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  4. ^ "La Nueva Renfe" [The New Renfe]. Federación Castellano Manchega de Amigos del Ferrocarril (in Spanish). 11 January 2005.
  5. ^ "RENFE restructuring approved". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  6. ^ Puente, Fernando. "Renfe confirms four subsidiary split". International Railway Journal. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  7. ^ "Railway Gazette". Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  8. ^ Railway Gazette. "Railway Gazette".
  9. ^ a b "$276 million was spent on 31 Spanish trains before it was realized they were too big to fit in the tunnels". Business Insider. 12 February 2023.
  10. ^ Badcock, James. "Spain spends €258m to build trains too big for its tunnels". MSN. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  11. ^ King, Chris (10 February 2023). "Cantabrian President demands heads of 'big shots' must roll over new trains not fitting through tunnels". Euro Weekly News. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  12. ^ "Heads roll in- Spain over trains too wide for tunnels". Stuff/Fairfax. 2023.
  13. ^ Renfe acquires stake in Italian operator Arenaways International Railway Journal 27 November 2024
  14. ^ Renfe partners with Longitude to expand into Italian market Renfe 27 November 2024
  15. ^ European Commission, Commission accepts commitments by Renfe opening up competition in online rail ticketing in Spain, Press Release IP/24/201, published 17 January 2024
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