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{{Redirect|Hampstead Garden|the area of Adelaide|Hampstead Gardens, South Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2013}}
{{Redirect|Hampstead Garden|the area of [[Adelaide]]|Hampstead Gardens, South Australia}}
{{Infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
| country = England
|map_type = Greater London
| map_type = Greater London
|region= London
| region = London
|population=
| population =
|static_image=[[Image:Litchfield Way, Hampstead Garden Suburb.jpg|250px]]
| static_image_name = Litchfield Way, Hampstead Garden Suburb.jpg
| static_image_caption = Litchfield Way
|official_name= Hampstead Garden Suburb
| official_name = Hampstead Garden Suburb
|latitude= 51.583
| coordinates = {{coord|51.583|-0.185|display=inline,title}}
|longitude= -0.185
|constituency_westminster= [[Finchley and Golders Green (UK Parliament constituency)|Finchley & Golders Green]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Finchley and Golders Green (UK Parliament constituency)|Finchley & Golders Green]]
|constituency_westminster1= [[Hendon (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon]]
| constituency_westminster1 = [[Hendon (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon]]
|post_town= LONDON
| post_town = LONDON
|postcode_area= N
| postcode_area = N
|postcode_district= N2
| postcode_district = N2
|postcode_area1= NW
| postcode_area1 = NW
|postcode_district1= NW11
| postcode_district1 = NW11
|london_borough= Barnet
| london_borough = Barnet
|dial_code= 020
| dial_code = 020
|os_grid_reference= TQ265885
| os_grid_reference = TQ265885
}}
}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2008}}
'''Hampstead Garden Suburb''' is a suburb, north of [[Hampstead]], west of [[Highgate]] and east of [[Golders Green]]. It is an example of early twentieth-century domestic architecture and [[town planning]] located in the [[London Borough of Barnet]] in northwest London. The master plan was prepared by [[Richard Barry Parker|Barry Parker]] and Sir [[Raymond Unwin]].


'''Hampstead Garden Suburb''' is a [[suburb]] of London, north of [[Hampstead]], west of [[Highgate]] and east of [[Golders Green]]. It is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations. It is an example of early twentieth-century domestic architecture and [[town planning]] in the [[London Borough of Barnet]], northwest London.
Despite the founders' original intentions, Hampstead Garden Suburb is now considered to be one of the wealthiest areas in the country.<ref name="independent1">[http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/house-and-home/property/.htmlssion-not-in-our-street-631140.html ]{{dead link|date=December 2013}}</ref>

The master plan was prepared by [[Richard Barry Parker|Barry Parker]] and Sir [[Raymond Unwin]]. Comprising just over 5,000 properties, and home to around 16,000 people, undivided houses with individual gardens are a key feature. The area enjoys landscaped [[Squares in London|garden squares]], several communal parks and Hampstead Heath Extension.

Despite its name being Hampstead Garden Suburb, it is not an actual suburb of [[Hampstead]], nor are they in the same [[London boroughs|London borough]], as Hampstead is in the [[London Borough of Camden]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=A comprehensive guide to Hampstead, London - history, amenities, and attractions |url=https://www.propertyloop.co.uk/area-guides/hampstead-london |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=www.propertyloop.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> and Hampstead Garden Suburb in the [[London Borough of Barnet]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Suburb |url=https://www.hgstrust.org/the-suburb/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=www.hgstrust.org}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Hampstead Garden Suburb was founded by [[Henrietta Barnett]], who, with her husband [[Samuel Augustus Barnett|Samuel]], had started the [[Whitechapel Art Gallery]] and [[Toynbee Hall]]. In 1906, Barnett set up the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust Ltd, which purchased 243 acres of land from [[Eton College]] for the scheme and appointed Raymond Unwin as its architect.<ref name=gayler>{{cite book |last1=Gayler |first1=Hih J. |title=Geographical excursions in London |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5NQhXsuCCTgC&pg=PA176&dq=%22hampstead+garden+suburb+%22+shops%22|accessdate=24 August 2011 |year=1996 |publisher=University Press of America, |location= |isbn=0-7618-0328-9 |page=176}}</ref>
Hampstead Garden Suburb was founded by [[Henrietta Barnett]], who, with her husband [[Samuel Augustus Barnett|Samuel]], had started the [[Whitechapel Art Gallery]] and [[Toynbee Hall]]. In 1906, Barnett set up the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust Ltd, which purchased 243 acres of land from [[Eton College]] for the scheme and appointed [[Raymond Unwin]] as its architect.<ref name=gayler>{{cite book |last1=Gayler |first1=Hih J. |title=Geographical excursions in London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5NQhXsuCCTgC&q=%22hampstead+garden+suburb+%22+shops%22&pg=PA176|access-date=24 August 2011 |year=1996 |publisher=University Press of America |isbn=0-7618-0328-9 |page=176}}</ref>


Among the scheme's aims were the following:
Among the scheme's aims were the following:
* It should cater for all classes of people and all income groups
* It should cater for all classes of people and all income groups.
* There should be a low housing density
* There should be a low housing density.
* Roads should be wide and tree-lined
* Roads should be wide and tree-lined.
* Houses should be separated by hedges, not walls
* Houses should be separated by hedges, not walls.
* Woods and public gardens should be free to all
* Woods and public gardens should be free to all.
* It should be quiet, with no church bells
* It should be quiet, with no church bells.


This required a [[Local and Personal Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom|private bill]] before [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]], as it was counter to local [[bylaw]]s. The provisions of the new act allowed less land to be taken up by roads and more by gardens and open spaces.<ref name=gayler/>
This required a [[Local and Personal Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom|private bill]] before [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]], as it was counter to local [[bylaw]]s. The provisions of the new act, [[#Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906|Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906]], allowed less land to be taken up by roads and more by gardens and open spaces.<ref name=gayler/>


The ideas for the "Garden Suburb" were clearly based on the ideas and experience of Parker and Unwin in the planning and development of [[Letchworth Garden City]], the first development of its kind, inspired by the work of [[Ebenezer Howard]]. Other consultant architects involved with the Hampstead development include [[George Lister Sutcliffe]] and [[John Soutar]].
The ideas for the "Garden Suburb" were clearly based on the ideas and experience of Parker and Unwin in the planning and development of [[Letchworth Garden City]], the first development of its kind, inspired by the work of [[Ebenezer Howard]]. Other consultant architects involved with the Hampstead development include [[George Lister Sutcliffe]] and [[John Soutar]].


However, with no industry, no public houses and few shops or services, the suburb, unlike the garden cities, made no attempt to be self-contained.<ref name=gayler/> In the 1930s the "Suburb" (as it is known by locals) expanded to the north of the A1. While more characterful than most other suburban housing, some of the housing to the north is considered, overall, of less architectural value.
However, with no industry, no public houses and few shops or services, the suburb, unlike the garden cities, made no attempt to be self-contained.<ref name=gayler/> In the 1930s the "Suburb" (as it is known by locals) expanded to the north of the A1. While more characterful than most other suburban housing, some of the housing to the north is considered, overall, of less architectural value.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}


[[File:St Jude's church from Portsdown Ave, Temple Fortune.jpg|thumb|The spire of St Jude's church, as seen from a street in Temple Fortune]]
On Central Square, laid out by [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]], there are two large churches, [[St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb|St. Jude's Church]] and The [[Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb|Free Church]], as well as a [[Quaker Meeting House]]. There are two mixed state primary schools in the Suburb, Garden Suburb and Brookland. There is also a state girls' grammar school, [[Henrietta Barnett School]]. The school used to house The Institute, an adult education centre, but most of The Institute has now moved to accommodation in [[East Finchley]], opposite the tube station, with the opening of a new purpose-built arts centre.
On Central Square, laid out by [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]], there are two large churches, [[St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb|St. Jude's Church]] and The [[Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb|Free Church]], as well as a [[Quaker Meeting House]]. There are two mixed state primary schools in the Suburb, Garden Suburb and Brookland. There is also a state girls' grammar school, [[Henrietta Barnett School]]. The school used to house The Institute, an adult education centre, but The Institute moved first to East Finchley, then to Kingsbury and is currently in the process of closing down altogether.


Shops and other services are provided in the shopping parades of Market Place and [[Temple Fortune]], with Golders Green and East Finchley within walking distance for those who live at either end.
Shops and other services are provided in the shopping parade of Market Place. Shopping areas adjacent to the suburb include [[Temple Fortune]], Golders Green and East Finchley.


[[Big Wood and Little Wood|Little Wood]] contains an open air arena, which is used for summer theatrical performances by a local amateur theatre society.
[[Big Wood and Little Wood|Little Wood]] contains an open-air arena, which is used for summer theatrical performances by a local amateur theatre society.

Despite the founders' intentions, the steep increases in house prices across London combined with the continual expansion of the Greater London area and the very small proportion of [[housing association]] housing means that Hampstead Garden Suburb is now considered to be one of the wealthiest areas in the country.<ref name="independent1"/>


==Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust==
==Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust==
Freehold houses, flats and commercial premises within the Suburb are subject to a scheme of management approved pursuant to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 by an Order of the Chancery Division of the High Court, dated 17 January 1974, as amended by a further Order dated 17 February 1983.
Freehold houses, flats and commercial premises within the Suburb are subject to a scheme of management approved pursuant to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 by an Order of the Chancery Division of the High Court, dated 17 January 1974, as amended by a further Order dated 17 February 1983.


The HGS Trust whose aim is to protect the character and amenity of the Suburb<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hgstrust.org/about/schemeofmanagement.html |title=Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust |publisher=Hgstrust.org |date=}}</ref> operates the scheme from an office in Finchley Road. Freeholders are required to get the prior approval of the Trust before altering the external appearance of their properties. Consent is also required for significant changes to gardens, erection of garden sheds and felling or pruning of trees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hgstrust.org/planning/index.html |title=Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust |publisher=Hgstrust.org |date=6 January 2012}}</ref> The Trust is also the freeholder of the majority of the remaining leasehold property in the Suburb which are mostly held on very long leases.
The HGS Trust maintains the character and amenity of the Suburb<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hgstrust.org/the-trust/scheme-of-management.shtml |title=Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust |publisher=Hgstrust.org }}</ref> and is responsible for implementing the management scheme. It has offices in [[Finchley Road]]. Freeholders are required to get the prior approval of the trust before altering the external appearance of their properties. Consent is also required for significant changes to gardens, erection of garden sheds and felling or pruning of trees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hgstrust.org/your-property/ |title=Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust |publisher=Hgstrust.org |date=6 January 2012}}</ref> The trust is also the freeholder of the majority of the remaining leasehold properties in the Suburb which are mostly held on very long leases.

==Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906==
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906
| type = Act
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title =
| year =
| citation = [[6 Edw. 7]]. c. cxcii
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent =
| royal_assent = 4 August 1906
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation =
| related_legislation =
| status =
| legislation_history =
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text =
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
| UK-LEG_title =
| collapsed = yes
}}
Urban town planning had been restricted by the byelaws established after the [[Public Health Act 1875]], which had de facto called for a grid iron street layout, and a minimum housing density. This had prevented Cadbury building workers houses within a city, and caused Rowntree to build his housing in rural parishes. For Unwin to design a street structure that followed the contours, and built houses in cul-de-sacs an act of Parliament was needed. The Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust sponsored a private bill, which was passed as the Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906 ([[6 Edw. 7]]. c. cxcii)

The three relevant sections of the act were

; Section 2
{{boxquote|There shall not be built in the Garden Suburb on the average throughout a greater proportion of houses to the acre than eight.}}

{{boxquote|On every road in the Garden Suburb (whatever the width of the said road) there shall be between any two houses standing on opposite sides of the road a space not less than fifty feet free of any buildings except walls, fences or gates.}}

; Section 3
{{boxquote|With respect to any gardens, recreation grounds or open spaces provided by the Company for the common use of the inhabitants of any dwellings in the Garden Suburb the Company may make bye-laws for the regulation thereof ...}}

; Section 5
{{boxquote|Any road not exceeding 500 feet in length constructed primarily for the purpose of giving access to a group of houses in the Garden Suburb and not designed for the purposes of through traffic (known as an accommodation road), may with the consent of the local authority be exempted from any operation of any bye-laws of the local authority relating to the width of new streets and footways.}}

Section 2, defined a low building density, and wide streets with gardens or verges where trees could be planted. Section 5 distinguished between through-roads and accommodation roads, residential cul-de-sacs under {{convert|500|ft|m}}. It recognised the difference between cul-de-sac roads of limited length and other roads, and allowed the suspension of the operation of certain local planning bye-laws <ref>{{cite web|title=The Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906|url=http://www.hgs.org.uk/history/h00012000.html|website=Hampstead Garden Suburb|publisher=Hampstead Garden Suburb Residents Association|access-date=10 January 2016|date=1998}}</ref>
[[File:Northway, Hampstead Garden Suburb.jpg|thumb|Northway in Hampstead Garden Suburb]]

==Parks and nature reserves==
The Suburb has large areas of open space, including Central Square; [[Hampstead Heath Extension]]; Northway Gardens; Lyttelton Playing Fields; and [[Big Wood and Little Wood]]. The southern end is close to [[Golders Hill Park]].

==Politics==
Hampstead Garden Suburb is represented by two Councillors on [[Barnet London Borough Council|Barnet Council]].

Hampstead Garden Suburb is in the parliamentary constituency of [[Finchley and Golders Green (UK Parliament constituency)|Finchley and Golders Green]]. As of 2024, it is represented by [[Sarah Sackman]] of the Labour Party.


==Geography==
==Geography==
Line 69: Line 127:
|Southeast = [[Hampstead Heath]]
|Southeast = [[Hampstead Heath]]
}}
}}

==Parks and nature reserves==
The Suburb has large areas of open space, including [[Hampstead Heath Extension]]; [[Big Wood and Little Wood]] and the private [[Turner's Wood]]. The southern end is close to [[Golders Hill Park]].


==Notable residents==
==Notable residents==
===Present===
*[[Theo Adams]] – Performance Artist
*[[Martin Bell]] – BBC war reporter, independent MP & British [[UNICEF]] Ambassador
*[[Victor Blank|Sir Victor Blank]] – Finance (Lloyds TSB)
*[[Katie Boyle]] – TV presenter
*[[Jason Connery]] – Actor
*[[Greg Davies]] – Comedian & Actor
*[[Richard and Judy|Richard Madeley & Judy Finnigan]] – TV presenters<ref>{{cite web|last=Ward |first=Victoria |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/9839154/Lord-Justice-Leveson-and-Richard-Madeley-fight-planning-application-for-underground-pool.html |title=Lord Justice Leveson and Richard Madeley fight planning application for underground pool |publisher=Telegraph |date=31 January 2013}}</ref>
*[[Sir Brian Leveson]] – Lord Justice of Appeal ([[Leveson Inquiry|Press ethics inquiry]])
*[[Paul McGuigan (musician)|Paul McGuigan]] – Rock musician with ''[[Oasis (band)|Oasis]]''
*[[David Matthews (composer)|David Matthews]] – Composer
*[[Michael Ridpath]] – Author
*[[Claudia Roden]] – Cookbook writer & cultural Anthropologist
*[[Jonathan Ross (television presenter)|Jonathan Ross]] – TV & Radio presenter
*[[Marc Sinden]] – Film Director, Actor & Theatre Producer
*[[Harry Styles]] – Pop singer with ''[[One Direction]]''
*[[Robert Winston|Lord Winston]] – Professor, Surgeon, Scientist & TV presenter
*[[Gok Wan]] – Guru stylist & TV presenter


* [[Victor Blank]]<ref>{{cite web
===Past===
| url = https://www.hamhigh.co.uk/news/21378977.hampstead-garden-suburb-former-banking-boss-sir-victor-blank-fed-leaf-blowers/
*[[Edgar Anstey]] – Documentary filmmaker and [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature|Oscar]] winner (lived at 6, Hurst Close)
| title = My Hampstead Garden Suburb: Former banking boss Sir Victor Blank fed up of ‘leaf blowers’
*[[Saif al-Islam]] – Second son of late Libyan leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]]
| last =
*[[Ove Arup|Sir Ove Arup]] – Architectural structural engineer and founder of the engineering firm [[Arup Group Limited|Arup]] (lived at 28, Willifield Way) [[Blue Plaque]]
| first =
*[[Henrietta Barnett|Dame Henrietta Barnett]] – Social reformer, founder of [[Toynbee Hall]], [[Whitechapel Art Gallery]] and creator of Hampstead Garden Suburb (lived at 1, South Square) [[Blue Plaque]]
| date = 19 May 2015
*[[Stanley Black]] – Bandleader and Composer (lived at 8, Linell Close)
| website = Ham & High
*[[Warwick Braithwaite]] – Opera Conductor (lived at 23, Linden Lea)
| publisher = Hampstead and Highgate News
*[[Angela Buxton]] – Tennis player and winner of the 1956 women's doubles title at the French Championships and Wimbledon (lived in a flat above the shops in Market Place and later at 16, Winnington Road)
| access-date = 15 August 2024
*[[John Chapman (English writer)|John Chapman]] – Playwright of several noted [[farces]] (lived at 48, Wildwood Road)
| quote = What brought you to Hampstead Garden Suburb?<br>My wife and I were looking for a comfortable house with a garden in a leafy suburb for ourselves and our children. We fairly quickly focussed on the area around Hampstead Heath Extension.
*[[Charlie Chester]] – Comedian (lived at 94, Erskine Hill & 5, Vivian Way)
}}</ref>
*[[Charles Clarke]] – Labour Party MP & Home Secretary (lived at 3, Meadway Close)
* [[Margaret Bondfield]]<ref>{{cite book
*[[Eric Coates]] – Composer (lived at 7, Willifield Way) [[Blue Plaque]]
| last =
*[[Sacha Baron Cohen]] – Comedian, Writer and Actor
| first =
*[[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine]] – the last King of Greece
| author-link =
*[[Daniel Craig]] – Actor
| date = 1995
*[[Sir Robin Day]] – Television & Radio journalist and interviewer (lived at 84, Oakwood Road)
| title = Hampstead Garden Suburb
*[[George Devine]] – Theatre Manager, Director and Actor, founder of the [[Young Vic Theatre]] (lived at Lucas Square, 64, Hampstead Way)
| url =
*[[Robert Donat]] – Actor (lived at 8, Meadway) [[Blue Plaque]]
| location = London
*[[Clive Dunn]] – Actor
| publisher = Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust
*[[Noel Edmonds]] – Broadcaster (lived in Brookland Rise)
| page = 101
*[[Vanessa Feltz]] – Personality (lived in Winnington Road)
| isbn = 1-84588-277-6
*[[Darrell Figgis]] – Irish writer, [[Sinn Féin]] activist and independent parliamentarian in the [[Irish Free State]]
|quote= Margaret Bondfield lived in Denman Drive in the 1930s.
*[[Michael Flanders]] – Actor, Singer and lyric-writer, one half of ''[[Flanders and Swann]]'' (lived at 1, Brunner Close)
}}</ref>
*[[Mark Fleischmann]] - Actor
* [[Constantine II of Greece]]<ref>{{cite web
*[[Martin Freeman]] – Actor
| url = https://hgsheritage.org.uk/Detail/entities/P-PROF-CONSTANTINE
*[[Martin Furnival Jones]] – Director General of [[MI5]] from 1965 until 1972 (lived at 53, Temple Fortune Hill)
| title = King Constantine II Last King of Greece
*[[John Gale (theatre producer)|John Gale]] – Theatre producer and Artistic Director of [[Chichester Festival Theatre]] (lived at 57, Northway)
| last =
*[[Antony Gormley]] – Sculptor (lived in Wildwood Road)
| first =
*[[Tony Hancock]] – Comedian and Actor (lived at 10, Grey Close) [[Blue Plaque]]
| date =
*[[Myra Hess|Dame Myra Hess]] – Concert Pianist (lived at 48, Wildwood Road) [[Blue Plaque]]
| website = hgsheritage.org.uk
*[[Gerard Hoffnung]] – Musician, Humorist, Caricaturist and Broadcaster (lived at 5, Thornton Way)
| publisher = Hampstead Garden Suburb Heritage
*[[Trevor Huddleston|Archbishop Trevor Huddleston]] – Anti-apartheid campaigner (lived at 53, Hampstead Way)
| access-date = 15 August 2024
*[[Bruce Kent]] – [[CND]] campaigner (lived at 73, Meadway)
| quote = Lived at: Linnell Close, Hampstead Garden Suburb
*[[William Lewis (journalist)|William Lewis]] – ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' Editor (lived in Northway)
}}</ref>
*[[Cyril Luckham]] – Actor (lived at 70, Hampstead Way)
* [[Robert Donat]]<ref>{{cite book
*[[Peter Mandelson]] – Labour Party MP & Cabinet Minister (lived at 12, Bigwood Road)
| last =
*[[David McCallum]] – Actor (lived at 1, Erskine Hill)
| first =
*[[Lord Longford]] & [[Elizabeth Pakenham|Lady Elizabeth Pakenham]] & [[Antonia Fraser|Lady Antonia Fraser]] – Historian & Biographer; Campaigner; Author (lived at 10, Linnell Drive)
| author-link =
*[[Heather Mills]] – Charity campaigner and former model (lived in Allingham Court, The Bishops Avenue)<ref name="ShowbizSpy">{{cite web |url=http://realestalker.blogspot.co.uk/2009/09/heather-mills-is-flipping-out-on.html |title=Heather Mills flips her Bishops Avenue appt|publisher=Real Estate Talker |accessdate=25 September 2009}}</ref>
| date = 1995
*[[Cecil Parker]] – Actor (lived at 17, Litchfield Way)
| title = Hampstead Garden Suburb
*[[Frank Pick]] – Transport administrator (lived at 15, Wildwood Road)
| url =
*[[Sir Ralph Richardson]] – Actor (lived at Bedegars Lee, Kenwood Close) [[Blue Plaque]]
| location = London
*[[Paul Robeson]] – American Actor and Singer (lived in Wildwood Road)
| publisher = Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust
*[[Paul Scott (novelist)|Paul Scott]] – Novelist, Playwright and Poet (lived at 61, Brookland Rise & 78, Addison Way)
| page = 100
*[[Vikram Seth]] – Poet and Novelist (lived at 133, Willifield Way)
| isbn = 1-84588-277-6
*[[Will Self]] – Author and Journalist (lived at 33, Brim Hill)
|quote= Myra Hess was resident at 48 Wildwood Road until her death.
*[[Dinah Sheridan]] – Actress
}}</ref>
*[[Emanuel Shinwell]] – Labour Party MP & Secretary of State for War (lived at 33, Erskine Hill)
* [[Jean Henderson]]<ref>{{cite book
*[[Alastair Sim]] – Actor (lived at 13, Wildwood Road)
| last =
*[[Donald Sinden|Sir Donald Sinden]] – Actor (lived at 60, Temple Fortune Lane)
| first =
*[[Lord Soper]] – Methodist minister, socialist, pacifist and President of the [[League Against Cruel Sports]] (lived at 6, Willifield Way & 17, Bigwood Road)
| author-link =
*[[Jerry Springer]] – American television presenter (born & lived at Belvedere Court, Lyttelton Road)
| date = 1995
*[[Ringo Starr]] – Drummer for ''[[The Beatles]]'' and Actor (lived in Kenwood Close)
| title = Hampstead Garden Suburb
*[[Nigel Stock (actor)|Nigel Stock]] – Actor (lived at 21, Heathgate)
| url =
*[[Thomas S. Tait]] – Modernist Architect (lived at Gates House, Wyldes Close) [[Blue Plaque]]
| location = London
*[[Elizabeth Taylor|Dame Elizabeth Taylor]] – Actress (lived at 8, Wildwood Road)
| publisher = Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust
*[[Dimitri Tiomkin]] – Film-score Composer and four-time [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Oscar]] winner (lived in Hampstead Lane)
| page = 121
*[[Raymond Unwin|Sir Raymond Unwin]] – Engineer, Architect and Town Planner, chief planner of Hampstead Garden Suburb (lived at Wyldes, Hampstead Way) [[Blue Plaque]]
| isbn = 1-84588-277-6
*[[Anton Walbrook]] – Actor (lived at 36, Holne Chase)
|quote= Jean Henderson was resident in the suburb for many years.
*[[Hugh Walpole|Sir Hugh Walpole]] Author (lived in Turner Drive and at 19, Thornton Way)
}}</ref>
*[[Gwen Watford]] & [[Richard Bebb]] – Actress; Actor & noted collector of early sound recordings (lived at 22, Temple Fortune Lane)
* [[Myra Hess]]<ref>{{cite book
*[[Evelyn Waugh]] – Author (lived at 145, North End Road)
| last =
*[[Rachel Weisz]] – Actress (lived at 6, Linnell Close)
| first =
*[[Rebecca West]] – Author, Journalist, Literary critic and Travel writer (lived at 5, Chatham Close)
| author-link =
*[[Harold Wilson]] – Labour Party MP & twice Prime Minister (lived at 10 & 12, Southway) [[Blue Plaque]]
| date = 1995
*[[Donald Wolfit|Sir Donald Wolfit]] – Actor (lived in Hampstead Way)
| title = Hampstead Garden Suburb

| url =
==See also==
| location = London
*[[The Bishops Avenue]]
| publisher = Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust
*[[Ebenezer Howard]]
| page = 100
*[[Garden city movement]]
| isbn = 1-84588-277-6
*[[Garden real estate]]
|quote= Robert Donat lived at 8 Meadway in the 1930s.
*[[Brentham Garden Suburb]]
}}</ref>
*[[List of people from Barnet]]
* [[Peter Mandelson]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/feb/26/uk.labour
| title = Labour's own duchess
| last =
| first =
| date = 26 February 2006
| website =
| publisher =
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| quote = Peter often referred to her as 'The Duchess', a term of affection suited to the privet hedge society of HGS
}}</ref>
* [[Donald Sinden]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.hamhigh.co.uk/news/21370982.memorial-celebrate-life-hampstead-garden-suburbs-sir-donald-sinden/
| title = Memorial to celebrate life of Hampstead Garden Suburb’s Sir Donald Sinden
| last =
| first =
| date = 1 December 2013
| website = Ham & High
| publisher = Hampstead and Highgate News
| access-date = 15 August 2024
| quote = Donald Sinden died in September last year at his home in Kent, having moved from the Suburb in 1997 after 53 years
}}</ref>
* [[Harold Wilson]]<ref>{{cite book
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| date = 1995
| title = Hampstead Garden Suburb
| url =
| location = London
| publisher = Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust
| page = 101
| isbn = 1-84588-277-6
|quote= Harold Wilson moved from Southway to Downing Street.
}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Hampstead Garden Suburb Notable Residents and where they lived'' compiled by Eva Jacobs. Published by Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. {{ISBN|978-0-9516742-9-1}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Hampstead Garden Suburb}}
{{Commons category|Hampstead Garden Suburb}}
*[https://www.hgsra.uk/ Hampstead Garden Suburb Residents Association]
*[http://www.hgs.org.uk/index.html HGS website]
*[http://www.hgstrust.org/about/index.html]
*[http://www.hgstrust.org Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust]
*[https://hgsheritage.org.uk/ Hampstead Garden Suburb Museum Virtual Museum]
*[http://centenary.hgs.org.uk/downloads/famouspeople.pdf Famous residents]

*''Hampstead Garden Suburb Notable Residents and where they lived'' compiled by Dr Eva Jacobs. Published by Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. ISBN 978-0-9516742-9-1
{{LB Barnet}}{{Areas of London}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Hampstead Garden Suburb|Hampstead Garden Suburb]]
{{LB Barnet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Districts of Barnet]]
[[Category:1906 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Barnet]]
[[Category:Garden suburbs]]
[[Category:Garden suburbs]]
[[Category:Edwardian era]]
[[Category:Hampstead]]
[[Category:Works of Edwin Lutyens]]
[[Category:Places formerly in Middlesex]]
[[Category:Planned communities in England]]
[[Category:Works of Edwin Lutyens in England]]

Latest revision as of 23:32, 7 January 2025

"Hampstead Garden" redirects here. For the area of Adelaide, see Hampstead Gardens, South Australia.

Hampstead Garden Suburb
Litchfield Way
Hampstead Garden Suburb is located in Greater London
Hampstead Garden Suburb
Hampstead Garden Suburb
Location within Greater London
OS grid referenceTQ265885
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtN2
Postcode districtNW11
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°34′59″N 0°11′06″W / 51.583°N 0.185°W / 51.583; -0.185

Hampstead Garden Suburb is a suburb of London, north of Hampstead, west of Highgate and east of Golders Green. It is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations. It is an example of early twentieth-century domestic architecture and town planning in the London Borough of Barnet, northwest London.

The master plan was prepared by Barry Parker and Sir Raymond Unwin. Comprising just over 5,000 properties, and home to around 16,000 people, undivided houses with individual gardens are a key feature. The area enjoys landscaped garden squares, several communal parks and Hampstead Heath Extension.

Despite its name being Hampstead Garden Suburb, it is not an actual suburb of Hampstead, nor are they in the same London borough, as Hampstead is in the London Borough of Camden,[1] and Hampstead Garden Suburb in the London Borough of Barnet.[2]

History

[edit]

Hampstead Garden Suburb was founded by Henrietta Barnett, who, with her husband Samuel, had started the Whitechapel Art Gallery and Toynbee Hall. In 1906, Barnett set up the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust Ltd, which purchased 243 acres of land from Eton College for the scheme and appointed Raymond Unwin as its architect.[3]

Among the scheme's aims were the following:

  • It should cater for all classes of people and all income groups.
  • There should be a low housing density.
  • Roads should be wide and tree-lined.
  • Houses should be separated by hedges, not walls.
  • Woods and public gardens should be free to all.
  • It should be quiet, with no church bells.

This required a private bill before Parliament, as it was counter to local bylaws. The provisions of the new act, Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906, allowed less land to be taken up by roads and more by gardens and open spaces.[3]

The ideas for the "Garden Suburb" were clearly based on the ideas and experience of Parker and Unwin in the planning and development of Letchworth Garden City, the first development of its kind, inspired by the work of Ebenezer Howard. Other consultant architects involved with the Hampstead development include George Lister Sutcliffe and John Soutar.

However, with no industry, no public houses and few shops or services, the suburb, unlike the garden cities, made no attempt to be self-contained.[3] In the 1930s the "Suburb" (as it is known by locals) expanded to the north of the A1. While more characterful than most other suburban housing, some of the housing to the north is considered, overall, of less architectural value.[citation needed]

The spire of St Jude's church, as seen from a street in Temple Fortune

On Central Square, laid out by Sir Edwin Lutyens, there are two large churches, St. Jude's Church and The Free Church, as well as a Quaker Meeting House. There are two mixed state primary schools in the Suburb, Garden Suburb and Brookland. There is also a state girls' grammar school, Henrietta Barnett School. The school used to house The Institute, an adult education centre, but The Institute moved first to East Finchley, then to Kingsbury and is currently in the process of closing down altogether.

Shops and other services are provided in the shopping parade of Market Place. Shopping areas adjacent to the suburb include Temple Fortune, Golders Green and East Finchley.

Little Wood contains an open-air arena, which is used for summer theatrical performances by a local amateur theatre society.

Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust

[edit]

Freehold houses, flats and commercial premises within the Suburb are subject to a scheme of management approved pursuant to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 by an Order of the Chancery Division of the High Court, dated 17 January 1974, as amended by a further Order dated 17 February 1983.

The HGS Trust maintains the character and amenity of the Suburb[4] and is responsible for implementing the management scheme. It has offices in Finchley Road. Freeholders are required to get the prior approval of the trust before altering the external appearance of their properties. Consent is also required for significant changes to gardens, erection of garden sheds and felling or pruning of trees.[5] The trust is also the freeholder of the majority of the remaining leasehold properties in the Suburb which are mostly held on very long leases.

Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906

[edit]
Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Citation6 Edw. 7. c. cxcii
Dates
Royal assent4 August 1906

Urban town planning had been restricted by the byelaws established after the Public Health Act 1875, which had de facto called for a grid iron street layout, and a minimum housing density. This had prevented Cadbury building workers houses within a city, and caused Rowntree to build his housing in rural parishes. For Unwin to design a street structure that followed the contours, and built houses in cul-de-sacs an act of Parliament was needed. The Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust sponsored a private bill, which was passed as the Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906 (6 Edw. 7. c. cxcii)

The three relevant sections of the act were

Section 2
There shall not be built in the Garden Suburb on the average throughout a greater proportion of houses to the acre than eight.
On every road in the Garden Suburb (whatever the width of the said road) there shall be between any two houses standing on opposite sides of the road a space not less than fifty feet free of any buildings except walls, fences or gates.
Section 3
With respect to any gardens, recreation grounds or open spaces provided by the Company for the common use of the inhabitants of any dwellings in the Garden Suburb the Company may make bye-laws for the regulation thereof ...
Section 5
Any road not exceeding 500 feet in length constructed primarily for the purpose of giving access to a group of houses in the Garden Suburb and not designed for the purposes of through traffic (known as an accommodation road), may with the consent of the local authority be exempted from any operation of any bye-laws of the local authority relating to the width of new streets and footways.

Section 2, defined a low building density, and wide streets with gardens or verges where trees could be planted. Section 5 distinguished between through-roads and accommodation roads, residential cul-de-sacs under 500 feet (150 m). It recognised the difference between cul-de-sac roads of limited length and other roads, and allowed the suspension of the operation of certain local planning bye-laws [6]

Northway in Hampstead Garden Suburb

Parks and nature reserves

[edit]

The Suburb has large areas of open space, including Central Square; Hampstead Heath Extension; Northway Gardens; Lyttelton Playing Fields; and Big Wood and Little Wood. The southern end is close to Golders Hill Park.

Politics

[edit]

Hampstead Garden Suburb is represented by two Councillors on Barnet Council.

Hampstead Garden Suburb is in the parliamentary constituency of Finchley and Golders Green. As of 2024, it is represented by Sarah Sackman of the Labour Party.

Geography

[edit]

Notable residents

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "A comprehensive guide to Hampstead, London - history, amenities, and attractions". www.propertyloop.co.uk. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  2. ^ "The Suburb". www.hgstrust.org. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Gayler, Hih J. (1996). Geographical excursions in London. University Press of America. p. 176. ISBN 0-7618-0328-9. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  4. ^ "Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust". Hgstrust.org.
  5. ^ "Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust". Hgstrust.org. 6 January 2012.
  6. ^ "The Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906". Hampstead Garden Suburb. Hampstead Garden Suburb Residents Association. 1998. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  7. ^ "My Hampstead Garden Suburb: Former banking boss Sir Victor Blank fed up of 'leaf blowers'". Ham & High. Hampstead and Highgate News. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2024. What brought you to Hampstead Garden Suburb?
    My wife and I were looking for a comfortable house with a garden in a leafy suburb for ourselves and our children. We fairly quickly focussed on the area around Hampstead Heath Extension.
  8. ^ Hampstead Garden Suburb. London: Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. 1995. p. 101. ISBN 1-84588-277-6. Margaret Bondfield lived in Denman Drive in the 1930s.
  9. ^ "King Constantine II Last King of Greece". hgsheritage.org.uk. Hampstead Garden Suburb Heritage. Retrieved 15 August 2024. Lived at: Linnell Close, Hampstead Garden Suburb
  10. ^ Hampstead Garden Suburb. London: Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. 1995. p. 100. ISBN 1-84588-277-6. Myra Hess was resident at 48 Wildwood Road until her death.
  11. ^ Hampstead Garden Suburb. London: Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. 1995. p. 121. ISBN 1-84588-277-6. Jean Henderson was resident in the suburb for many years.
  12. ^ Hampstead Garden Suburb. London: Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. 1995. p. 100. ISBN 1-84588-277-6. Robert Donat lived at 8 Meadway in the 1930s.
  13. ^ "Labour's own duchess". 26 February 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2024. Peter often referred to her as 'The Duchess', a term of affection suited to the privet hedge society of HGS
  14. ^ "Memorial to celebrate life of Hampstead Garden Suburb's Sir Donald Sinden". Ham & High. Hampstead and Highgate News. 1 December 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2024. Donald Sinden died in September last year at his home in Kent, having moved from the Suburb in 1997 after 53 years
  15. ^ Hampstead Garden Suburb. London: Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. 1995. p. 101. ISBN 1-84588-277-6. Harold Wilson moved from Southway to Downing Street.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Hampstead Garden Suburb Notable Residents and where they lived compiled by Eva Jacobs. Published by Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust. ISBN 978-0-9516742-9-1
[edit]
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