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{{Short description|German poet}}
'''Picander''' was the [[pseudonym]] of '''Christian Friedrich Henrici''' (January 14, 1700 – May 10, 1764), a German [[Poetry|poet]] and [[libretto|librettist]] for many of the [[cantata]]s which [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] composed in Leipzig. Henrici studied law at [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Wittenberg]] and [[Leipzig University|Leipzig]]. He started writing to supplement his income, and continued to write even after he had developed a career as a civil servant.
{{Infobox writer
⚫
[[File:Leipzig Gedenktafel Picander.jpg|thumb|Plaque in Leipzig]]
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| name = Christian Friedrich Henrici
⚫
Bach moved to Leipzig in 1723. There is some uncertainty as to who was writing his libretti in his first years in the city. The libretti for the [[Chorale cantata (Bach)|chorale cantatas]] cycle of 1724/25 are anonymous. By 1725 Henrici and Bach were working together. Some of Bach's most important works used Henrici's libretti. Most notably their collaboration was on religious works in a [[Lutheran]] tradition such as the ''[[St Matthew Passion]]'' (BWV 244). However, they also produced secular works such as the ''[[Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211|Coffee Cantata]]'' (''Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht'', BWV 211).
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| pseudonym = Picander
| birth_name = Christian Friedrich Henrici
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| birth_place = [[Stolpen]], Germany
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| death_place = [[Leipzig]], Germany
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'''Christian Friedrich Henrici''' (January 14, 1700 – May 10, 1764), writing under the pen name '''Picander''', was a German poet and [[libretto|librettist]] for many of the [[cantata]]s which [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] composed in Leipzig.


Henrici was born in [[Stolpen]]. He studied law at [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Wittenberg]] and [[Leipzig University|Leipzig]]. He wrote to supplement his income from tutoring and continued even after obtaining regular employment as a civil servant.
⚫
All five volumes of Picander's ''{{Lang|de|Ernstschertzhaffte und satyrische Gedichte}}'' (Leipzig, 1727–51) contain texts set to music by J. S. Bach, including those for the ''St Matthew Passion'' (and its associated funeral music for Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen [[Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a|''Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt'', BWV 244a]]). In some cases Henrici's texts have survived and Bach's settings have not. An example is the funeral music for Prince Leopold and the ''[[St Mark Passion (Bach)|St Mark Passion]]'' (BWV 247), although in these cases there are clues as to what music Bach would have used to set the words.


== Librettist for Johann Sebastian Bach ==
⚫
In the preface to the third volume (1732) Picander claimed that J.&nbsp;S. Bach set a whole cycle of his cantata texts in 1729.<ref name=fm>[http://www.last.fm/music/Christian+Friedrich+Henrici/+wiki Biography of Picander at Last.fm]</ref> Since only nine of J.&nbsp;S. Bach's settings are known to have survived (they include the cantatas for Christmas [[Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe, BWV 197a|''Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe'', BWV 197a]], New Year [[Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm, BWV 171|''Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm'', BWV 171]], Whit Monday [[Ich liebe den Höchsten von ganzem Gemüte, BWV 174|''Ich liebe den Höchsten von ganzem Gemüte'', BWV 174]], and the feast of St Michael [[Man singet mit Freuden vom Sieg, BWV 149|''Man singet mit Freuden vom Sieg'', BWV 149]]) the statement made in the preface has been debated.<ref name=fm /><ref>However, since those compositions which have survived are spread widely over the liturgical year, it is not impossible then that J.&nbsp;S. Bach did indeed set to music all the texts in that volume, as claimed by the preface, and that those compositions are now lost.</ref>
⚫
Bach moved to Leipzig in 1723. There is uncertainty as to who was writing the libretti he set during his first years in the city. The authors of the libretti for the [[Chorale cantata cycle]] of 1724/25 are anonymous. By 1725, Henrici and Bach were working together. Some of Bach's most important works used Henrici's libretti. Most notably their collaboration was on religious works in a [[Lutheran]] tradition such as the ''[[St Matthew Passion]]'' (BWV 244). However, they also produced secular works such as the ''[[BWV 249a|Shepherds' Cantata]]'' of 1725 and the later ''[[Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht, BWV 211|Coffee Cantata]]'' and ''[[Mer hahn en neue Oberkeet, BWV 212|Peasant Cantata]]''.

=== ''Sammlung Erbaulicher Gedanken'' ===
For a year from the start of Advent 1724 Picander had published spiritual poetry in weekly editions, which he collected in 1725 as ''Sammlung Erbaulicher Gedanken''. This caught Bach's eye who started using Picander's poetry for his cantatas from 1725, and used poems from Picander's first collection in his ''[[St Matthew Passion]]''.<ref>Flossman 1899, [https://archive.org/stream/picanderchristi00flosgoog#page/n49/mode/2up p. 44–46]</ref><ref>Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). ''Sammlung erbaulicher Gedancken über und auf die gewöhnlichen Sonn- und Festtage''. Leipzig: 1724/25</ref>

=== ''Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte'' ===
⚫
All volumes of Picander's ''{{Lang|de|Ernst-schertzhaffte und satyrische Gedichte}}'' (Leipzig, 1727–51) contain texts set to music by J.&nbsp;S. Bach, including those for the ''St Matthew Passion'' and its associated funeral music for Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen ([[Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a|''Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt'', BWV 244a]]).<ref>[[Alberto Basso]]. ''Frau Musika: La vita e le opere di J. S. Bach'', Volume 2: [https://books.google.com/books?id=sX_Fr3lj7pMC ''Lipsia e le opere de la maturità (1723–1750)''.] Turin: EDT, 1983. {{ISBN|88-7063-028-5}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sX_Fr3lj7pMC&pg=PA395 p. 395]</ref>

Volumes and editions:
* Vol. I: 1727, reprinted in 1732 and 1736.<ref name="Picander1727">Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10922268-7 ''Ernst-Scherzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte''], Volume I. Leipzig (1727); [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10110860-1 2nd printing] 1732; 3rd printing 1736.</ref>
* Vol. II: 1729, reprinted in 1734.<ref name="Picander1729">Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10110859-9 ''Ernst-Scherzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte'', Volume II.] Leipzig (1729); 2nd printing 1734.</ref>
* Vol. III: 1732, reprinted in 1737.<ref name="Picander1732">Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10310725-2 ''Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte'', Volume III.] Leipzig: Joh. Theod. Boetii Tochter (1732); [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11260303-4 2nd printing 1737]. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_GSJLAAAAcAAJ#page/n7/mode/2up B/W copy at archive.org (1732 edition)]</ref> This volume contained texts published in 1728 as ''[[Cantaten auf die Sonn- und Fest-Tage durch das gantze Jahr]]''.<ref name="Picander1728">Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). ''[[Cantaten auf die Sonn- und Fest-Tage durch das gantze Jahr]]''. Leipzig (1728)</ref>
* Vol. IV: 1737.<ref name="Picander1737">Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10110861-7 ''Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte'', Volume IV.] Leipzig: Friedrich Matthias Friesen (1737). [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_GSJLAAAAcAAJ#page/n605/mode/1up B/W copy at archive.org]</ref>
* Reworked fourth edition, containing a selection of previous editions, in two volumes: 1748.<ref name="Picander1748">Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). ''Picanders bis anhero herausgegebene Ernst-Scherzhafte und Satyrische Gedichte'': [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11251772-6 Volume I] – [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10110864-3 Volume II.] Leipzig: [[Johann Gottfried Dyck]] (1748). [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10110863-7 Other MDZ scan (Vol.&nbsp;I)]; [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_F546AAAAcAAJ#page/n5/mode/2up B/W copy at archive.org (Vol.&nbsp;II)]</ref>
* Vol. V: 1751.<ref name="Picander1751">Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10110865-8 ''Picanders neu herausgegebene Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte'', Volume V.] Leipzig: [[Johann Gottfried Dyck]] (1751). [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10110862-2 Other MDZ scan]; [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Hp46AAAAcAAJ#page/n1/mode/2up B/W copy at archive.org]</ref>

===Lost scores and reconstructions===
In some cases, Henrici's texts have survived and Bach's settings have not. The lost scores include cases where the music has vanished without trace and others where there are clues as to what music Bach used to set the words, allowing the possibility of reconstruction.

====Lost scores====
⚫
In the preface to the third volume (1732) Picander claimed that J.&nbsp;S. Bach set a whole cycle of his cantata texts in 1729.<ref name=fm>[http://www.last.fm/music/Christian+Friedrich+Henrici/+wiki Biography of Picander at Last.fm]</ref> Only nine of J.&nbsp;S. Bach's settings are known to have survived (they include the cantatas for Christmas [[Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe, BWV 197a|''Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe'', BWV 197a]], New Year [[Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm, BWV 171|''Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm'', BWV 171]], Whit Monday [[Ich liebe den Höchsten von ganzem Gemüte, BWV 174|''Ich liebe den Höchsten von ganzem Gemüte'', BWV 174]], and the feast of St Michael [[Man singet mit Freuden vom Sieg, BWV 149|''Man singet mit Freuden vom Sieg'', BWV 149]]) the statement made in the preface has been debated.<ref name=fm /><ref>However, since those compositions which have survived are spread widely over the liturgical year, it is not impossible then that J.&nbsp;S. Bach did indeed set to music all the texts in that volume, as claimed by the preface, and that those compositions are now lost.</ref>

====Reconstructed scores====
Examples of reconstructions include the funeral music for Prince Leopold and the ''[[St Mark Passion, BWV 247|St Mark Passion]]'' (BWV 247) where Bach's music can be reconstructed because it is known to have been used in surviving pieces. Bach sometimes returned to compositions commissioned for one-off occasions and recycled the music. Picander was able to help the composer in this process by providing metrically similar new texts, effectively setting words to Bach's music.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{in lang|de}} Paul Flossman. [https://archive.org/stream/picanderchristi00flosgoog#page/n5/mode/2up ''Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici)''.] Leipzig: Liebertwolkwitz (1899)


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.bbkl.de/lexikon/artikel.php?art=./H/He/henrici_f.art "Henrici, Christian Friedrich (Pseudonym: Picander)"], [[Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon]] {{Registration required}} {{de icon}}
*{{Wikisourcelang-inline|de|Christian Friedrich Henrici}}
*{{Commons category inline|Christian Friedrich Henrici}}
*[http://www.bbkl.de/lexikon/artikel.php?art=./H/He/henrici_f.art "Henrici, Christian Friedrich (Pseudonym: Picander)"], [[Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon]] {{Registration required}} {{in lang|de}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=42075923}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
⚫
| NAME = Picander
⚫
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Henrici, Christian Friedrich
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German poet
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 14, 1700
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Stolpen
| DATE OF DEATH = May 10, 1764
| PLACE OF DEATH = Leipzig
⚫
}}
[[Category:1700 births]]
[[Category:1700 births]]
[[Category:1764 deaths]]
[[Category:1764 deaths]]
Line 29: Line 91:
[[Category:German cantata librettists]]
[[Category:German cantata librettists]]
[[Category:German oratorio and passion librettists]]
[[Category:German oratorio and passion librettists]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:18th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:Leipzig University alumni]]
[[Category:Leipzig University alumni]]
[[Category:German male poets]]

Latest revision as of 19:08, 15 November 2023

Christian Friedrich Henrici
Plaque in Leipzig
Plaque in Leipzig
BornChristian Friedrich Henrici
(1700-01-14)January 14, 1700
Stolpen, Germany
DiedMay 10, 1764(1764-05-10) (aged 64)
Leipzig, Germany
Pen namePicander

Christian Friedrich Henrici (January 14, 1700 – May 10, 1764), writing under the pen name Picander, was a German poet and librettist for many of the cantatas which Johann Sebastian Bach composed in Leipzig.

Henrici was born in Stolpen. He studied law at Wittenberg and Leipzig. He wrote to supplement his income from tutoring and continued even after obtaining regular employment as a civil servant.

Librettist for Johann Sebastian Bach

[edit]

Bach moved to Leipzig in 1723. There is uncertainty as to who was writing the libretti he set during his first years in the city. The authors of the libretti for the Chorale cantata cycle of 1724/25 are anonymous. By 1725, Henrici and Bach were working together. Some of Bach's most important works used Henrici's libretti. Most notably their collaboration was on religious works in a Lutheran tradition such as the St Matthew Passion (BWV 244). However, they also produced secular works such as the Shepherds' Cantata of 1725 and the later Coffee Cantata and Peasant Cantata.

Sammlung Erbaulicher Gedanken

[edit]

For a year from the start of Advent 1724 Picander had published spiritual poetry in weekly editions, which he collected in 1725 as Sammlung Erbaulicher Gedanken. This caught Bach's eye who started using Picander's poetry for his cantatas from 1725, and used poems from Picander's first collection in his St Matthew Passion.[1][2]

Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte

[edit]

All volumes of Picander's Ernst-schertzhaffte und satyrische Gedichte (Leipzig, 1727–51) contain texts set to music by J. S. Bach, including those for the St Matthew Passion and its associated funeral music for Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen (Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a).[3]

Volumes and editions:

Lost scores and reconstructions

[edit]

In some cases, Henrici's texts have survived and Bach's settings have not. The lost scores include cases where the music has vanished without trace and others where there are clues as to what music Bach used to set the words, allowing the possibility of reconstruction.

Lost scores

[edit]

In the preface to the third volume (1732) Picander claimed that J. S. Bach set a whole cycle of his cantata texts in 1729.[11] Only nine of J. S. Bach's settings are known to have survived (they include the cantatas for Christmas Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe, BWV 197a, New Year Gott, wie dein Name, so ist auch dein Ruhm, BWV 171, Whit Monday Ich liebe den Höchsten von ganzem Gemüte, BWV 174, and the feast of St Michael Man singet mit Freuden vom Sieg, BWV 149) the statement made in the preface has been debated.[11][12]

Reconstructed scores

[edit]

Examples of reconstructions include the funeral music for Prince Leopold and the St Mark Passion (BWV 247) where Bach's music can be reconstructed because it is known to have been used in surviving pieces. Bach sometimes returned to compositions commissioned for one-off occasions and recycled the music. Picander was able to help the composer in this process by providing metrically similar new texts, effectively setting words to Bach's music.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Flossman 1899, p. 44–46
  2. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Sammlung erbaulicher Gedancken über und auf die gewöhnlichen Sonn- und Festtage. Leipzig: 1724/25
  3. ^ Alberto Basso. Frau Musika: La vita e le opere di J. S. Bach, Volume 2: Lipsia e le opere de la maturità (1723–1750). Turin: EDT, 1983. ISBN 88-7063-028-5, p. 395
  4. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Ernst-Scherzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte, Volume I. Leipzig (1727); 2nd printing 1732; 3rd printing 1736.
  5. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Ernst-Scherzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte, Volume II. Leipzig (1729); 2nd printing 1734.
  6. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte, Volume III. Leipzig: Joh. Theod. Boetii Tochter (1732); 2nd printing 1737. B/W copy at archive.org (1732 edition)
  7. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Cantaten auf die Sonn- und Fest-Tage durch das gantze Jahr. Leipzig (1728)
  8. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte, Volume IV. Leipzig: Friedrich Matthias Friesen (1737). B/W copy at archive.org
  9. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Picanders bis anhero herausgegebene Ernst-Scherzhafte und Satyrische Gedichte: Volume I – Volume II. Leipzig: Johann Gottfried Dyck (1748). Other MDZ scan (Vol. I); B/W copy at archive.org (Vol. II)
  10. ^ Picander (=Christian Friedrich Henrici). Picanders neu herausgegebene Ernst-Schertzhaffte und Satyrische Gedichte, Volume V. Leipzig: Johann Gottfried Dyck (1751). Other MDZ scan; B/W copy at archive.org
  11. ^ a b Biography of Picander at Last.fm
  12. ^ However, since those compositions which have survived are spread widely over the liturgical year, it is not impossible then that J. S. Bach did indeed set to music all the texts in that volume, as claimed by the preface, and that those compositions are now lost.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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