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{{Short description|Ancient city of Campania}} |
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{{For|the communes in [[France]]|Calès (disambiguation)}} |
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{{other uses}} |
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{{Infobox ancient site |
{{Infobox ancient site |
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|name = Cales |
|name = Cales |
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|alternate_name = |
|alternate_name = |
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|image = Teatro_0000.jpg |
|image = Teatro_0000.jpg |
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|alt = |
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|caption = Roman Theatre of Cales |
|caption = Roman Theatre of Cales |
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|map_type = |
|map_type = |
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|map_alt = |
|map_alt = |
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|latd = |
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|latm = |
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|lats = |
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|latNS = N |
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|longd = |
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|longm = |
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|longs = |
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|longEW = E |
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|coordinates_display = |
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|location = [[Calvi Risorta]], [[Province of Caserta]], [[Italy]] |
|location = [[Calvi Risorta]], [[Province of Caserta]], [[Italy]] |
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|region = [[Campania]] |
|region = [[Campania]] |
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|management = Soprintendenza per i beni archeologici di Salerno, Avellino e Caserta |
|management = Soprintendenza per i beni archeologici di Salerno, Avellino e Caserta |
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|public_access = Yes |
|public_access = Yes |
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|website = [ |
|website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903151609/http://cir.campania.beniculturali.it/archeocales/ Sito Archeologico di Cales] {{in lang|it}} |
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|notes = |
|notes = |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:SNGCop 322.jpg|thumb|300px|3rd century BC coin from Cales |
[[File:SNGCop 322.jpg|thumb|300px|3rd century BC coin from Cales]] |
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'''Cales''' was an ancient city of [[Campania]], in today's ''[[comune]]'' of [[Calvi Risorta]] in southern [[Italy]], belonging originally to the [[Aurunci]]/[[Ausoni]], on the [[Via Latina]]. |
'''Cales''' was an ancient city of [[Campania]], in today's ''[[comune]]'' of [[Calvi Risorta]] in southern [[Italy]], belonging originally to the [[Aurunci]]/[[Ausoni]], on the [[Via Latina]]. |
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The [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] captured it in 335 BC and established a colony with Latin rights of 2,500 citizens. Cales was initially the centre of the Roman dominion in Campania. To the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with the inscription ''Caleno''. It was an important base in the war against [[Hannibal]], and at last refused further contributions for the war. Before 184 BC more settlers were sent there. After the [[Social War (91–88 BC)|Social War]] it became a ''municipium''. The fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed [[pottery]], which was even exported to [[Etruria]], made it prosperous. At the end of the 3rd century BC it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century (AD) it became an [[episcopal see]], which (jointly with [[Tano, Italy|Tano]] since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere village. The [[cathedral]], of the 12th century, has a carved portal and three [[apse]]s decorated with small arches and [[pilaster]]s, and contains a fine [[pulpit]] and episcopal throne in marble [[mosaic]]. Near it are two [[grotto]]s, which have been used for [[Christian]] worship and contain [[fresco]]es of the 10th and 11th centuries.<ref>{{harvnb|Ashby|1911 |
The [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] captured it in 335 BC and established a colony with Latin rights of 2,500 citizens. Cales was initially the centre of the Roman dominion in Campania. To the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with the inscription ''Caleno''. It was an important base in the war against [[Hannibal]], and at last refused further contributions for the war. Before 184 BC more settlers were sent there. After the [[Social War (91–88 BC)|Social War]] it became a ''municipium''. The fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed [[pottery]], which was even exported to [[Etruria]], made it prosperous. At the end of the 3rd century BC it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century (AD) it became an [[episcopal see]], which (jointly with [[Tano, Italy|Tano]] since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere village. The [[cathedral]], of the 12th century, has a carved portal and three [[apse]]s decorated with small arches and [[pilaster]]s, and contains a fine [[pulpit]] and episcopal throne in marble [[mosaic]]. Near it are two [[grotto]]s, which have been used for [[Christianity|Christian]] worship and contain [[fresco]]es of the 10th and 11th centuries.<ref>{{harvnb|Ashby|1911}} cites: E. Bertaux, ''L'Art dans l'Italie méridionale'' (Paris, 1904), i. 244, &c.</ref> Inscriptions name six gates of the town: and there are considerable remains of antiquity, especially of an amphitheatre and theatre, of a supposed temple, and other edifices.{{sfn|Ashby|1911}} |
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A number of tombs belonging to the Roman [[necropolis]] were discovered in 1883.{{sfn|Ashby|1911 |
A number of tombs belonging to the Roman [[necropolis]] were discovered in 1883.{{sfn|Ashby|1911}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Aurunca]], another city of the Ausones/Aurunci |
*[[Aurunca]], another city of the Ausones/Aurunci |
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*[[Ausona (ancient city)]], another city of the Ausones/Aurunci |
*[[Ausona (ancient city)]], another city of the Ausones/Aurunci |
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*[[Coinage of Cales]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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'''Attribution:''' |
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*{{EB1911|first=Thomas |last=Ashby |wstitle=Cales |volume=4}} |
*{{EB1911|first=Thomas |last=Ashby |author-link=Thomas Ashby (archaeologist) |wstitle=Cales |volume=4 |page=1004}} |
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{{Archaeological sites in Campania}} |
{{Archaeological sites in Campania}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Roman sites of Campania]] |
[[Category:Roman sites of Campania]] |
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[[Category:Former populated places in Italy]] |
[[Category:Former populated places in Italy]] |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Campania]] |
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Campania]] |
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[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:59, 13 July 2024
 Roman Theatre of Cales | |
| Location | Calvi Risorta, Province of Caserta, Italy |
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| Region | Campania |
| Coordinates | 41°12′0″N 14°7′55.2″E / 41.20000°N 14.132000°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| Site notes | |
| Management | Soprintendenza per i beni archeologici di Salerno, Avellino e Caserta |
| Public access | Yes |
| Website | Sito Archeologico di Cales (in Italian) |
Cales was an ancient city of Campania, in today's comune of Calvi Risorta in southern Italy, belonging originally to the Aurunci/Ausoni, on the Via Latina.
The Romans captured it in 335 BC and established a colony with Latin rights of 2,500 citizens. Cales was initially the centre of the Roman dominion in Campania. To the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with the inscription Caleno. It was an important base in the war against Hannibal, and at last refused further contributions for the war. Before 184 BC more settlers were sent there. After the Social War it became a municipium. The fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed pottery, which was even exported to Etruria, made it prosperous. At the end of the 3rd century BC it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century (AD) it became an episcopal see, which (jointly with Tano since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere village. The cathedral, of the 12th century, has a carved portal and three apses decorated with small arches and pilasters, and contains a fine pulpit and episcopal throne in marble mosaic. Near it are two grottos, which have been used for Christian worship and contain frescoes of the 10th and 11th centuries.[1] Inscriptions name six gates of the town: and there are considerable remains of antiquity, especially of an amphitheatre and theatre, of a supposed temple, and other edifices.[2]
A number of tombs belonging to the Roman necropolis were discovered in 1883.[2]
See also
[edit]- Aurunca, another city of the Ausones/Aurunci
- Ausona (ancient city), another city of the Ausones/Aurunci
- Coinage of Cales
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cales.
- ^ Ashby 1911 cites: E. Bertaux, L'Art dans l'Italie méridionale (Paris, 1904), i. 244, &c.
- ^ a b Ashby 1911.
Attribution:
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ashby, Thomas (1911). "Cales". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1004.
Archaeological sites in Campania | ||
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| Province of Avellino |     | |
| Province of Benevento | ||
| Province of Caserta | ||
| Province of Naples | ||
| Province of Salerno | ||
| International | |
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| Geographic | |
