Cameronian: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Scottish Covenanter radical faction}} |
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{{distinguish|Cameroonian (disambiguation){{!}}Cameroonian}} |
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[[File:Rev. Richard Cameron.jpg|thumb|Richard Cameron, "Lion of the Covenant" |
[[File:Rev. Richard Cameron.jpg|thumb|Iconic depiction of Richard Cameron, "Lion of the Covenant"]] |
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[[File:Sanquhar Declarations Monument, High Street (geograph 3705496).jpg|thumb|right|Sanquhar Declarations Monument]] |
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'''Cameronian''' was a name given to a section of the Scottish [[Covenanter]]s who followed the teachings of [[Richard Cameron (Covenanter)|Richard Cameron]], and who were composed principally of those who signed the [[Sanquhar Declaration]] in 1680. Known also as "Society Men", "Sanquharians," and "Hilimen", they became a separate church after the religious settlement of 1690, taking the official title of [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland|''Reformed Presbyterians'']] in 1743. "Societies of Cameronians for the Maintenance of the Presbyterian Form of Worship" were formed about 1681. Their testimony, ''"The Informatory Vindication"'', was published in 1687. They quickly became the most pronounced and active adherents of the covenanting faith. They wished to restore the [[ecclesiastical]] order which had existed between 1638 and 1649, and were dissatisfied with the moderate character of the religious settlement of 1690. Refusing to take the oaths of allegiance to an uncovenanted ruler, or to exercise any civil function, they passed through a period of trial and found some difficulty in maintaining a regular ministry, but in 1706 they were reinforced by some converts from the established church. They objected strongly to the proposal for the [[Act of Union 1707|union of England and Scotland]], and were suspected of abetting a rising which took place in the west of Scotland in 1706; but there appears to be no foundation for the statement that they intrigued with the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], and they gave no trouble to the government either in 1715 or in 1745. |
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'''Cameronian''' was a name given to a radical faction of Scottish [[Covenanter]]s who followed the teachings of [[Richard Cameron (Covenanter)|Richard Cameron]], and who were composed principally of those who signed the [[Sanquhar Declaration]] in 1680. They were also known as '''Society Men''', '''Sanquharians''', and '''Hillmen'''. The '''Societies of Cameronians for the Maintenance of the Presbyterian Form of Worship''' were formed about 1681.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=109}} There is no evidence that organised bands came from any parish or district to either [[Battle of Drumclog|Drumclog]] or [[Battle of Bothwell Bridge|Bothwell Bridge]] in June 1679. The United Societies were not in existence at that period. After 1688 it was different. The Covenanters were by then organised in their Societies which were again united in larger groups called "Correspondences."{{sfn|McMillan|1950|p=143}} |
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Their testimony, "The Informatory Vindication", was published in 1687. They quickly became the most pronounced and active adherents of the covenanting faith.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=109}} The Cameronians were part of the Covenanting party but it has to be remembered that they formed only a section of the party. [[Alexander Peden]], to take one example, never belonged to the Societies, and there is some reason to believe that [[John Brown (Covenanter)|John Brown of Priesthill]] was actually expelled from their membership.{{sfn|McMillan|1950|p=141}} |
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In 1712 they publicly renewed their covenants at [[Auchensaugh Renovation| Auchensaugh]] Hill in [[Lanarkshire]], and in 1713 their first presbytery was founded at [[Braehead]], while a presbytery was formed in [[North America]] in 1774. Following an 1863 division, the majority body of the Reformed Presbyterians united with the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)|Free Church of Scotland]], leaving the tiny minority body as the last representatives of the Cameronians; it retains the name of [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland]]. |
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They wished to restore the [[ecclesiastical]] order which had existed between 1638 and 1649, and were dissatisfied with the moderate character of the religious settlement of 1690. After the religious settlement of 1690, those who could not accept its terms did not join the reconstituted church. Refusing to take oaths of allegiance to an uncovenanted ruler, or to exercise any civil function, they passed through a period of trial and found some difficulty in maintaining a regular ministry, but in 1706 they were reinforced by some converts from the established church. They objected strongly to the proposal for the [[Act of Union 1707|union of England and Scotland]], and were suspected of abetting a rising which took place in the west of Scotland in 1706; but there appears to be no foundation for the statement that they intrigued with the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], and they gave no trouble to the government either in [[Jacobite rising of 1715|1715]] or in [[Jacobite rising of 1745|1745]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=109}} They found themselves with no ministers when [[Alexander Shields]] and his colleagues joined the Church of Scotland as it was reconstituted following the [[Glorious Revolution in Scotland|Revolution]], earlier ministers being killed in the field or on the scaffold. Eventually they were joined by [[John M'Millan]] and later [[Thomas Nairn]] who provided the quorum to constitute a Presbytery. They took the official title of the [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland|'''Reformed Presbytery''']] in 1743 before which they liked to be called '''the Suffering Remnant of the true Presbyterian Church of Christ in Scotland'''. In 1712 they publicly renewed their covenants at [[Auchensaugh Renovation|Auchensaugh]] Hill in [[Lanarkshire]], and in 1713 their first presbytery was founded at [[Braehead]]; a presbytery was formed in [[North America]] in 1774. Following an 1863 division, the majority of the body of the Reformed Presbyterians united with the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)|Free Church of Scotland]],{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=109–110}} leaving the tiny minority as the last representatives of the Cameronians; it retains the name of [[Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland]]. |
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| ⚫ | In the British army the [[Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)]] was a regiment directly descended from the Cameronian guard, which was first raised in 1689 by [[James Douglas, Earl of Angus]], fought at the [[battle of Dunkeld]] and was afterwards employed to restore order in the Highlands. One of the regimental traditions was to issue a bible to every new recruit; another was that the troops went under arms to church services, and the service only started after sentries had been posted on four sides of the church building. |
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[[File:Churches of Scotland timeline.png|thumb|500px|Timeline showing the evolution of the churches of Scotland from 1560]] |
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| ⚫ | In the British army the [[Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)]] was a regiment directly descended from the Cameronian guard, which was first raised in 1689 by [[James Douglas, Earl of Angus]], fought at the [[battle of Dunkeld]] and was afterwards employed to restore order in the Highlands.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=110}} One of the regimental traditions was to issue a bible to every new recruit; another was that the troops went under arms to church services, and the service only started after sentries had been posted on four sides of the church building. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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===Sources=== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book |last1=McMillan |first1=William |title=The covenanters after the Revolution of 1688 |date=1950 |publisher=Scottish Church History Society |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rschsv010p3mcmillan/page/141 141]-153 |url=https://archive.org/details/rschsv010p3mcmillan |access-date=18 April 2019}}{{PD-notice}} |
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*{{EB1911|wstitle=Cameronians|volume=5|pages=109–110}} |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.covenanter.org/CivilGovt/sanquhardeclaration.htm Sanquhar Declaration] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070406113256/http://www.covenanter.org/CivilGovt/sanquhardeclaration.htm Sanquhar Declaration] |
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*[http://www.covenanter.org/RefPres/auchensaugh.htm Auchensaugh Renovation] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070406112557/http://www.covenanter.org/RefPres/auchensaugh.htm Auchensaugh Renovation] |
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[[Category:Covenanters]] |
[[Category:Covenanters]] |
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[[Category:History of Scotland]] |
[[Category:History of Christianity in Scotland]] |
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[[Category:Presbyterianism in Scotland]] |
[[Category:Presbyterianism in Scotland]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:33, 5 January 2023
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Cameronian was a name given to a radical faction of Scottish Covenanters who followed the teachings of Richard Cameron, and who were composed principally of those who signed the Sanquhar Declaration in 1680. They were also known as Society Men, Sanquharians, and Hillmen. The Societies of Cameronians for the Maintenance of the Presbyterian Form of Worship were formed about 1681.[1] There is no evidence that organised bands came from any parish or district to either Drumclog or Bothwell Bridge in June 1679. The United Societies were not in existence at that period. After 1688 it was different. The Covenanters were by then organised in their Societies which were again united in larger groups called "Correspondences."[2]
Their testimony, "The Informatory Vindication", was published in 1687. They quickly became the most pronounced and active adherents of the covenanting faith.[1] The Cameronians were part of the Covenanting party but it has to be remembered that they formed only a section of the party. Alexander Peden, to take one example, never belonged to the Societies, and there is some reason to believe that John Brown of Priesthill was actually expelled from their membership.[3]
They wished to restore the ecclesiastical order which had existed between 1638 and 1649, and were dissatisfied with the moderate character of the religious settlement of 1690. After the religious settlement of 1690, those who could not accept its terms did not join the reconstituted church. Refusing to take oaths of allegiance to an uncovenanted ruler, or to exercise any civil function, they passed through a period of trial and found some difficulty in maintaining a regular ministry, but in 1706 they were reinforced by some converts from the established church. They objected strongly to the proposal for the union of England and Scotland, and were suspected of abetting a rising which took place in the west of Scotland in 1706; but there appears to be no foundation for the statement that they intrigued with the Jacobites, and they gave no trouble to the government either in 1715 or in 1745.[1] They found themselves with no ministers when Alexander Shields and his colleagues joined the Church of Scotland as it was reconstituted following the Revolution, earlier ministers being killed in the field or on the scaffold. Eventually they were joined by John M'Millan and later Thomas Nairn who provided the quorum to constitute a Presbytery. They took the official title of the Reformed Presbytery in 1743 before which they liked to be called the Suffering Remnant of the true Presbyterian Church of Christ in Scotland. In 1712 they publicly renewed their covenants at Auchensaugh Hill in Lanarkshire, and in 1713 their first presbytery was founded at Braehead; a presbytery was formed in North America in 1774. Following an 1863 division, the majority of the body of the Reformed Presbyterians united with the Free Church of Scotland,[4] leaving the tiny minority as the last representatives of the Cameronians; it retains the name of Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland.
In the British army the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) was a regiment directly descended from the Cameronian guard, which was first raised in 1689 by James Douglas, Earl of Angus, fought at the battle of Dunkeld and was afterwards employed to restore order in the Highlands.[5] One of the regimental traditions was to issue a bible to every new recruit; another was that the troops went under arms to church services, and the service only started after sentries had been posted on four sides of the church building.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911, p. 109.
- ^ McMillan 1950, p. 143.
- ^ McMillan 1950, p. 141.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 109–110.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 110.
Sources
[edit]- McMillan, William (1950). The covenanters after the Revolution of 1688. Scottish Church History Society. pp. 141-153. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cameronians". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 109–110.
