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{{Short description|Israeli air-launched balistic missile}}
The '''Sparrow''' ({{lang-he|אנקור}}, {{IPA-he|ankor|pron}}) target missile is an Israeli medium-range [[air-launched ballistic missile]] produced by [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Israel and US test Sparrow missile in Mediterranean |author=Daniel Estrin |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |date=September 3, 2013 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0903/Israel-and-US-test-Sparrow-missile-in-Mediterranean }}</ref> The missile is currently used as a [[target drone|target missile]] to test the ''[[Arrow (Israeli missile)|Arrow]]'' anti-ballistic missile system.<ref name="NBC News">{{Cite web |title=Amid Syria tension, Israel test-fires missile over Mediterranean Sea |author=Jim Miklaszewski, Courtney Kube and Alastair Jamieson |work=NBC News |date=September 3, 2013 |url=http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/09/03/20305187-amid-syria-tension-israel-test-fires-missile-over-mediterranean-sea?lite }}</ref><ref name="MoD">{{Cite web |title="Black Sparrow" Target Missile |work=Arrow Weapon System |publisher=[[Israel Ministry of Defense]] |url=http://www.mod.gov.il/pages/homa/blackSp.htm |accessdate=2013-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=US-Israel missile test as Syria war tensions rise (+video) |author=Joshua Mitnick |date=September 3, 2013 |journal=Christian Science Monitor |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2013/0903/US-Israel-missile-test-as-Syria-war-tensions-rise-video }}</ref> The missile has a modular warhead section and is capable of carrying a high explosive warhead.<ref name="Defense Update">{{Cite web |title=Israel Tests a new Target Missile Simulating Iranian Shihab 3 Missiles |date=September 3, 2013 |work=Defense Update |url=http://defense-update.com/20130903_silver_sparrow_shihab-3_target_tested.html }}</ref>
The '''Sparrow''' ({{langx|he|אנקור}}, {{IPA|he|anˈkor|pron}}) target missile is an Israeli [[medium-range ballistic missile|medium-range]] [[air-launched ballistic missile]] produced by [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Israel and US test Sparrow missile in Mediterranean |author=Daniel Estrin |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |date=September 3, 2013 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0903/Israel-and-US-test-Sparrow-missile-in-Mediterranean }}</ref> The missile is currently used as a [[target drone|target missile]] to test the ''[[Arrow (Israeli missile)|Arrow]]'' anti-ballistic missile system.<ref name="NBC News">{{Cite web |title=Amid Syria tension, Israel test-fires missile over Mediterranean Sea |author=Jim Miklaszewski, Courtney Kube and Alastair Jamieson |work=NBC News |date=September 3, 2013 |url=http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/09/03/20305187-amid-syria-tension-israel-test-fires-missile-over-mediterranean-sea?lite }}</ref><ref name="MoD">{{Cite web |title="Black Sparrow" Target Missile |work=Arrow Weapon System |publisher=[[Israel Ministry of Defense]] |url=http://www.mod.gov.il/pages/homa/blackSp.htm |accessdate=2013-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=US-Israel missile test as Syria war tensions rise (+video) |author=Joshua Mitnick |date=September 3, 2013 |journal=Christian Science Monitor |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2013/0903/US-Israel-missile-test-as-Syria-war-tensions-rise-video }}</ref> The missile has a modular warhead section and is capable of carrying a high-explosive warhead.<ref name="Defense Update">{{Cite web |title=Israel Tests a new Target Missile Simulating Iranian Shihab 3 Missiles |date=September 3, 2013 |work=Defense Update |url=http://defense-update.com/20130903_silver_sparrow_shihab-3_target_tested.html }}</ref>


== Versions ==
== Versions ==
There are three versions of the missile: Black Sparrow, Blue Sparrow, and Silver Sparrow.<ref name="Defense Update" /> The Silver Sparrow version is designed to simulate Iranian [[Shahab-3]] class ballistic missiles with a 1,500-2,000&nbsp;km range.<ref name="Defense Update" /><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Israeli Missile Test Triggers Russian Warning System |author=Alon Ben-David |journal=Aviation Week & Space Technology |date=September 9, 2013 |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_09_09_2013_p30-612746.xml }}</ref>
There are three versions of the missile: Black Sparrow, Blue Sparrow, and Silver Sparrow.<ref name="Defense Update" /> The Silver Sparrow version is designed to simulate Iranian [[Shahab-3]] class ballistic missiles with a 1,500-2,000&nbsp;km range.<ref name="Defense Update" /><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Israeli Missile Test Triggers Russian Warning System |author=Alon Ben-David |journal=Aviation Week & Space Technology |date=September 9, 2013 |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_09_09_2013_p30-612746.xml |access-date=September 11, 2013 |archive-date=November 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101034438/http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=%2Farticle-xml%2FAW_09_09_2013_p30-612746.xml |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Blue Sparrow has a total length of {{convert|6.51|m}}, weight of {{convert|1900|kg}} and a range of {{convert|2000|km}} on a high ballistic trajectory.<ref name=ft-20240419/>


The Rafael [[ROCKS (missile)|ROCKS]] stand-off range [[air-to-surface missile]] uses a Sparrow missile booster.<ref name=strategypage-20190319>{{cite news |url=https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairw/articles/20190319.aspx |title=Air Weapons: Rampage Rocks |publisher=StrategyPage |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref>
⚫
The Silver Sparrow version was first tested on September 2, 2013.<ref name="Bloomberg 0309">{{Cite news |title=Israel Carried Out Test Missile Launch: Defense Ministry |author=Alisa Odenheimer & Calev Ben-David |agency=Bloomberg |date=September 3, 2013 |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-03/israel-carried-out-test-missile-launch-defense-ministry.html }}</ref> The launch from the Mediterranean was detected by a Russian ballistic missile early warning radar at Armavir,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia went on war alert over missile test |author=F. MICHAEL MALOOF |date=September 10, 2013 |work=WND |url=http://www.wnd.com/2013/09/russia-went-on-war-alert-over-missile-test/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia Detected Missiles Launched in Mediterranean, RIA Says |author=Scott Rose |date=Sep 3, 2013 |agency=Bloomberg |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-03/russia-detected-missiles-targeting-east-mediterranean-ria-says.html }}</ref> followed by Israeli acknowledgement of the test over an hour later.<ref name="Bloomberg 0309" />


According to [[Israeli retaliation leak|Petagon leaks concerning the october 2024 retaliatory strikes by Israel]] on Iranian military targets 16 Blue Sparrow based missiles with the previously unknown<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pike |first1=John |title=Golden Horizon ALBM |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/golden-horizon.htm |website=GlobalSecurity.org |publisher=GlobalSecurity |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> designation [[Golden Horizon ALBM|"Golden Horizon"]] were readied and cleared for use by the israeli military.
Another test was carried out on September 9, 2014 with a Sparrow missile fired from the central part of the Mediterranean. The launch was similarly detected by the Armavir Radar Station.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint US-Israeli missile test over Mediterranean picked up by Russian radar |date=September 9, 2014 |work=RT |url=http://rt.com/news/186396-missile-test-israel-usa// }}</ref>

==Operational history==
⚫
The Silver Sparrow version was first tested on September 2, 2013.<ref name="Bloomberg 0309">{{Cite news |title=Israel Carried Out Test Missile Launch: Defense Ministry |author=Alisa Odenheimer & Calev Ben-David |agency=Bloomberg |date=September 3, 2013 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-03/israel-carried-out-test-missile-launch-defense-ministry.html }}</ref> The launch from the Mediterranean was detected by a Russian ballistic missile early warning radar at [[Armavir Radar Station|Armavir]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia Detected Missiles Launched in Mediterranean, RIA Says |author=Scott Rose |date=Sep 3, 2013 |agency=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-03/russia-detected-missiles-targeting-east-mediterranean-ria-says.html }}</ref> followed by Israeli acknowledgement of the test over an hour later.<ref name="Bloomberg 0309" />

The ''[[Financial Times]]'' reported experts identifying the Blue Sparrow, from its booster remnants, as the missile most likely used in the [[April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran|2024 Israeli strikes on Iran]].<ref name=ft-20240419>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/56064051-e880-43db-b7e9-a56717c8c38b |title=Military briefing: the Israeli missiles used to strike Iran |last1=Rathbone |first1=John Paul |last2=Zilber |first2=Neri |newspaper=Financial Times |url-access=subscription |date=19 April 2024 |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref>

Following the [[Israeli retaliation leak]], it is likely the [[ROCKS (missile)|ROCKS]] missile was used (sharing the same booster as Blue Sparrow) in the [[April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran|2024 Israeli strikes on Iran]].


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Guided missiles of Israel]]
[[Category:Guided missiles of Israel]]
[[Category:Target missiles]]
[[Category:Target missiles]]
[[Category:Air-launched ballistic missiles]]




Latest revision as of 20:14, 31 October 2024

The Sparrow (Hebrew: אנקור, pronounced [anˈkor]) target missile is an Israeli medium-range air-launched ballistic missile produced by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.[1] The missile is currently used as a target missile to test the Arrow anti-ballistic missile system.[2][3][4] The missile has a modular warhead section and is capable of carrying a high-explosive warhead.[5]

Versions

[edit]

There are three versions of the missile: Black Sparrow, Blue Sparrow, and Silver Sparrow.[5] The Silver Sparrow version is designed to simulate Iranian Shahab-3 class ballistic missiles with a 1,500-2,000 km range.[5][6] The Blue Sparrow has a total length of 6.51 metres (21.4 ft), weight of 1,900 kilograms (4,200 lb) and a range of 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) on a high ballistic trajectory.[7]

The Rafael ROCKS stand-off range air-to-surface missile uses a Sparrow missile booster.[8]

According to Petagon leaks concerning the october 2024 retaliatory strikes by Israel on Iranian military targets 16 Blue Sparrow based missiles with the previously unknown[9] designation "Golden Horizon" were readied and cleared for use by the israeli military.

Operational history

[edit]

The Silver Sparrow version was first tested on September 2, 2013.[10] The launch from the Mediterranean was detected by a Russian ballistic missile early warning radar at Armavir,[11] followed by Israeli acknowledgement of the test over an hour later.[10]

The Financial Times reported experts identifying the Blue Sparrow, from its booster remnants, as the missile most likely used in the 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran.[7]

Following the Israeli retaliation leak, it is likely the ROCKS missile was used (sharing the same booster as Blue Sparrow) in the 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Daniel Estrin (September 3, 2013). "Israel and US test Sparrow missile in Mediterranean". Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press.
  2. ^ Jim Miklaszewski, Courtney Kube and Alastair Jamieson (September 3, 2013). "Amid Syria tension, Israel test-fires missile over Mediterranean Sea". NBC News.
  3. ^ ""Black Sparrow" Target Missile". Arrow Weapon System. Israel Ministry of Defense. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
  4. ^ Joshua Mitnick (September 3, 2013). "US-Israel missile test as Syria war tensions rise (+video)". Christian Science Monitor.
  5. ^ a b c "Israel Tests a new Target Missile Simulating Iranian Shihab 3 Missiles". Defense Update. September 3, 2013.
  6. ^ Alon Ben-David (September 9, 2013). "Israeli Missile Test Triggers Russian Warning System". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2013.
  7. ^ a b Rathbone, John Paul; Zilber, Neri (19 April 2024). "Military briefing: the Israeli missiles used to strike Iran". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  8. ^ "Air Weapons: Rampage Rocks". StrategyPage. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  9. ^ Pike, John. "Golden Horizon ALBM". GlobalSecurity.org. GlobalSecurity. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  10. ^ a b Alisa Odenheimer & Calev Ben-David (September 3, 2013). "Israel Carried Out Test Missile Launch: Defense Ministry". Bloomberg.
  11. ^ Scott Rose (Sep 3, 2013). "Russia Detected Missiles Launched in Mediterranean, RIA Says". Bloomberg.


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