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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use Hong Kong English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = The Young Master
| name = The Young Master
| image = TheYoungMaster.jpg
| image = TheYoungMaster.jpg
| caption = Hong Kong film poster
| caption = Hong Kong film poster
| film name = {{Film name| traditional = 師弟出馬
| native_name = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes| t = 師弟出馬
| simplified = 师弟出马
| s = 师弟出马
| pinyin = Shī Dì Chū Mǎ
| p = Shī Dì Chū Mǎ
| jyutping = Si1 Dai2 Ceot1 Ma2}}
| j = Si1 Dai2 Ceot1 Ma2}}
| director = [[Jackie Chan]]
| director = [[Jackie Chan]]
| producer = [[Raymond Chow]]<br/>[[Leonard Ho]]
| producer = [[Raymond Chow]]<br>[[Leonard Ho]]
| writer = Jackie Chan<br/>Edward Tang<br/>Lau Tin-chi<br/>Tung Lu
| writer = Jackie Chan<br>Edward Tang<br>Lau Tin-chi<br>Tung Lu
| starring = Jackie Chan<br/>[[Yuen Biao]]<br/>[[Feng Feng]]<br/>[[Shih Kien]]
| starring = Jackie Chan<br>[[Yuen Biao]]<br>[[Fung Fung]]<br>[[Shih Kien]]
| music = [[Frankie Chan]]
| cinematography = Chen Ching-chu
| cinematography = Chen Ching-chu
| editing = Peter Cheung<br/>[[Frank J. Urioste]]<br/>Chang Yao-chung
| editing = Peter Cheung
| distributor = [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]]
| studio = [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]]
| distributor = Golden Harvest<br>[[Media Asia Group]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1980|2|9|}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1980|2|9|}}
| runtime = 106 minutes
| runtime = 106 minutes
| country = Hong Kong
| country = Hong Kong
| language = Cantonese
| language = Cantonese
| gross = [[Hong Kong dollar|HK $]]11,026,283
| gross = {{estimation}} {{US$|6.2 million}}
}}
}}
'''''The Young Master''''' ({{zh|t=師弟出馬}}) is a 1980 Hong Kong [[martial arts film]] written and directed by [[Jackie Chan]], who also starred in the lead role. The film co-stars [[Yuen Biao]], [[Feng Feng]] and [[Shih Kien]]. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 9 February 1980.


'''''The Young Master''''' ({{zh|t=師弟出馬}}) is a 1980 Hong Kong [[martial arts film]] starring and directed by [[Jackie Chan]], from a screenplay by Chan, Edward Tang, Lau Tin-chi, and Tung Lu. It co-stars [[Yuen Biao]], [[Fung Fung]] and [[Shih Kien]]. The film was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 9 February 1980.
The film is notable for being the first that Jackie Chan worked on for [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]], and despite being his second film as director (his first was ''[[The Fearless Hyena]]''), this is often incorrectly regarded as his directorial debut. The film was co-written by Edward Tang, Lau Tin-chi and Tung Lu, and produced by [[Raymond Chow]] and [[Leonard Ho]].


Notable for being the first film that Jackie Chan worked on for [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]], it is his second film as director. The film was produced by [[Raymond Chow]] and [[Leonard Ho]].
As is common with Jackie Chan films, the fight scenes involve the use of many different weapons including [[poles]], [[rope|ropes]], [[Hand fan|fans]], [[Bench (furniture)|bench]]es and [[sword|swords]]. ''[[Dragon Lord]]'' is the sequel to ''The Young Master'', and originally called ''Young Master in Love'', as confirmed by Jackie Chan [[I Am Jackie Chan|in his book]].


==Plot==
==Plot==
The school attended by Dragon ([[Jackie Chan]]) and his brother, Tiger (Wei Pei) is entered against a rival school in a Lion Dance competition. The school needs to win the prize money to remain open but their star performer, Tiger, is seemingly injured when he falls from a ladder, leaving his brother, Dragon, to take his place. During the competition, Dragon realizes that his brother feigned his accident in order to take part in the competition for the rival school.
The school attended by Dragon and his brother, Tiger is entered against a rival school in a [[Lion dance]] competition. The school needs to win the prize money to remain open but their star performer, Tiger, is seemingly injured when he falls from a ladder, leaving his brother, Dragon, to take his place. During the competition, Dragon realizes that his brother feigned his accident in order to take part in the competition for the rival school.


The rival school wins the competition, but the truth emerges about Tiger's betrayal and he is exiled in disgrace. Dragon vows to bring back his errant brother so the pair can make amends to their master. Dragon sets off on his mission, but en route is mistaken for a criminal known as ''The White Fan'' by local police chief, Sang Kung ([[Shih Kien]]) along with his son ([[Yuen Biao]]) and daughter ([[Lily Li]]). Meanwhile, Tiger collaborates with his employers (the rival school) by freeing a dangerous criminal known as Kam (Whong In-Sik). However, Tiger is later framed for a bank robbery. To stop his brother from being arrested, Dragon promises to apprehend the escapee, Kam.
The rival school wins the competition, but the truth emerges about Tiger's betrayal and he is exiled in disgrace. However, Dragon vows to bring back his errant brother so the pair can make amends to their master. Dragon sets off on his mission, but en route is mistaken for a criminal known as ''The White Fan'' by local police chief, Sang Kung along with his son and daughter. Meanwhile, Tiger collaborates with his employers (the rival school) by freeing a dangerous criminal known as Kam. However, Tiger is later framed for a bank robbery. To stop his brother from being arrested, Dragon promises to apprehend the escapee, Kam.


The movie ends with a furious, brutal fight between Kam and Dragon, in which Dragon sustains substantial damage. At the beginning of the fight, it appears that Kam has the upper hand as he punishes Dragon with blindingly fast punches and kicks. However, after consuming water from an opium pipe given to him by a whimsical old man, Dragon becomes energized and defeats Kam. The movie ends with Dragon returning to his hometown, a hero (albeit one in full body cast from the many injuries he sustained).
''The Young Master'' ends with a furious, brutal fight between Kam and Dragon, in which Dragon sustains substantial damage. At the beginning of the fight, it appears that Kam has the upper hand as he punishes Dragon with blindingly fast punches and kicks. However, after consuming water from an opium pipe given to him by a whimsical old man, Dragon becomes energized and defeats Kam. ''The Young Master'' ends with Dragon returning to his hometown, a hero (albeit one in full body cast from the many injuries he sustained).


==Cast==
==Cast==
* [[Jackie Chan]] - Dragon Lung
* [[Jackie Chan]] as Sheng Lung / Dragon
* [[Yuen Biao]] - Sang Kung's son / Fourth Brother
* [[Shih Kien]] as Sang Kung
* [[Yuen Biao]] as Sang Kung's son / Fourth Brother
* Wei Pai as Tiger
* [[Tien Feng]] - Master Tien
* [[Feng Feng]] - Ah Suk
* [[Tien Feng]] as Master Tien
* [[Hwang In-shik]] as Master Kam
* Wei Pai - Tiger
* [[Shih Kien]] - Sang Kung
* [[Fung Fung]] as Ah Suk
* [[Lily Li]] - Sang Kung's Daughter
* [[Lee Hoi-sang]] as Kam's Second Bodyguard
* [[Fung Hak-on]] as Kam's First Bodyguard
* [[Hwang In-Shik|Whong In-shik]] - Master Kam
* Lee Hoi-san as Master Kam's men
* [[Lily Li]] as Sang Kung's Daughter
* [[Fan Mei-sheng]] - Sheng as Bull
* Fung Hak-on as Master Kam's men
* Yue Tau-ean as Cross Eye
* Chiang Kam as Master Tien's student
* Bruce Tang Yim-chan as Ah Chang
* Tai Bo as Master Tien's student
* David Cheng - Master Kam's son
* Yue Tau Wan - Cross Eye
* Bruce Tang Yim Chan - Ah Chang
* [[Mars (actor)|Mars]] - (extra) (uncredited)


==Production==
==Production==
According to his book ''I Am Jackie Chan: My Life in Action'', Chan nearly suffocated when he injured his throat while filming a stunt scene.<ref name="I Am Jackie Chan">{{cite web |url=http://www.randomhouse.com/features/iamjackiechan/excerpt_aches.html |title="Jackie's Aches and Pains: It Only Hurts When I'm Not Laughing" |author=[[Jackie Chan]] |publisher=[[Random House]] |accessdate=2012-12-19}}</ref>
Chan nearly suffocated when he injured his throat.<ref name="I Am Jackie Chan">{{cite web |url=http://www.randomhouse.com/features/iamjackiechan/excerpt_aches.html |title=Jackie's Aches and Pains: It Only Hurts When I'm Not Laughing |author=Jackie Chan |author-link=Jackie Chan |publisher=[[Random House]] |accessdate=2012-12-19}}</ref>


==Music==
==Music==
The theme song played over the [[closing credits]], "Kung Fu Fighting Man" was the first song recorded and performed by Jackie Chan. He has since gone on to release many records, and has performed the theme songs on many of his films.<ref name="DVDTimes">{{cite web
The theme song played over the [[closing credits]], ''Kung Fu Fighting Man'' was the first song recorded and performed by Jackie Chan. He has since gone on to release many records, and has performed the theme songs on many of his films.<ref name="DVDTimes">{{cite web
| title = Jackie Chan: Kung Fu Fighter Believes There's More to Him Than Meets the Eye
| title = Jackie Chan: Kung Fu Fighter Believes There's More to Him Than Meets the Eye
| publisher = hkvpradio (Hong Kong Vintage Pop Radio)
| publisher = hkvpradio (Hong Kong Vintage Pop Radio)
| url = http://www.hkvpradio.com/artists/jackiechan/
| url = http://www.hkvpradio.com/artists/jackiechan/
| accessdate = 2009-02-12 }}</ref>
| accessdate = 2009-02-12 }}</ref>

==Records==
* The film was the highest box office draw of its day beating previous box office records set by [[Bruce Lee]] and establishing Chan as a Hong Kong cinema's top star.
* The fan-fighting scene in this movie required 329 takes to complete due to the intricate choreography.
* The climactic showdown between real life Chan and [[hapkido]] master [[Hwang In-Shik]] in the original release of this film was approximately 15 minutes long, reputedly the longest fight scene in any kung-fu movie to that date. Subsequent releases of the film have edited this scene down for time.


==Versions==
==Versions==
There are two main versions of the film currently available, one being the 106 minutes (NTSC/film speed) Hong Kong cut and the 90 minute international cut.
There are two main versions of the film; a 106-minute Hong Kong cut, and a 90-minute international cut.
A Taiwanese video featuring footage missing from both the Hong Kong and international cuts was also released.


However, even this version is not definitive - the original version of the film that Chan handed over to [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]] was reportedly three hours in length. This had to be re-edited, so over 70 minutes of footage was cut during the first edit.<ref name="DVDTimes">{{cite web
The original version of the film that Chan handed over to [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]] was reportedly three hours in length.<ref name="DVDTimes 2">{{cite web
| title = The Young Master (DVD review)
| title = The Young Master (DVD review)
| publisher = DVD Times
| publisher = DVD Times
Line 78: Line 70:
| accessdate = 2007-08-06 }}</ref>
| accessdate = 2007-08-06 }}</ref>


==Home media==
==Box office==
In Hong Kong, the film grossed [[Hong Kong dollar|HK$]]1,026,283<ref>{{cite web |title=The Young Master (1980) |url=http://hkmdb.com/db/movies/view.mhtml?id=6073 |website=[[Hong Kong Movie DataBase]] |accessdate=8 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=boxoffice hong-kong 1980 |url=http://www.cinemasie.com/en/fiche/boxo/1/1980.html |website=Cinemasie |date=26 January 2022 |accessdate=26 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=【ジャッキーチェン興行成績】 第8回:香港での興行収入 |url=http://kungfutube.info/3129 |website=KungFu Tube |date=16 August 2010 |accessdate=8 December 2018 |language=ja}}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:1026283/4.976 round 0}}|link=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (HK$ per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1980&locations=HK&start=1979 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=1980 |accessdate=November 28, 2018 |language=en-us}}</ref> In South Korea, it was the highest-grossing film of 1980, with 436,631 box office admissions in [[Seoul City]],<ref name="korea2">{{cite web |title=【ジャッキーチェン興行成績】 第10回:韓国での興行収入 |url=http://kungfutube.info/3156 |website=KungFu Tube |date=5 September 2010 |accessdate=7 December 2018 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=영화정보 |trans-title=Movie Information |url=http://www.kobis.or.kr/kobis/business/mast/mvie/searchMovieList.do |website=KOFIC |publisher=[[Korean Film Council]] |language=ko |accessdate=26 August 2019 }}</ref> equivalent to an estimated {{Currency|{{#expr:436631*2000}}|KRW}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Park |first=Seung Hyun |title=A Cultural Interpretation of Korean Cinema, 1988-1997 |date=2000 |publisher=[[Indiana University]] |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilEeAQAAMAAJ |quote=Average Ticket Prices in Korea, 1974-1997 [...] * Source: Korea Cinema Yearbook (1997-1998) * Currency: won [...] Foreign [...] 1980 [...] 2,000}}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:873262000/607 round 0}}|link=no}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (KRW per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1980&locations=KR&start=1979 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=1980 |accessdate=7 December 2018}}</ref> In Japan, it was the 21st [[List of highest-grossing films in Japan|highest-grossing film]] of 1981, earning {{JPY|930 million}}<ref>{{cite web |title=【ジャッキーチェン興行成績】 第12回:日本での興行収入 |url=http://kungfutube.info/3672 |website=KungFu Tube |accessdate=21 November 2018 |language=ja}}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:930/220.536 round 2}} million}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1981&locations=JP&start=1980 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=1981 |accessdate=23 June 2020}}</ref> In Spain (where it released in 1982),<ref>{{cite web |title=Молодой мастер — дата выхода в России и других странах |trans-title=Young Master - Release dates in Russia and other countries |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/24721/dates/ |website=[[Kinopoisk]] |access-date=19 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref> the film sold 288,196 tickets,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Soyer |first1=Renaud |title=Jackie Chan Box Office |url=http://www.boxofficestory.com/box-office-jackie-chan-c24779784 |website=Box Office Story |date=4 February 2014 |language=fr |accessdate=1 July 2020}}</ref> equivalent to an estimated {{Currency|{{#expr:288196*1.3 round 0}}|code=Euro|linked=no}}<ref name="Europe">{{cite book |chapter=Cinema market |title=Cinema, TV and radio in the EU: Statistics on audiovisual services (Data 1980-2002) |date=2003 |publisher=[[Office for Official Publications of the European Communities]] |isbn=92-894-5709-0 |issn=1725-4515 |pages=31–64 (61) |edition=2003 |chapter-url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5648553/KS-BT-03-001-EN.PDF/3758081d-5ae4-4e21-9d78-fca7bcc68d5c#page=67 |website=[[Europa (web portal)|Europa]] |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> ({{US$|{{To USD|374655|EUR|year=1982|round=yes}}|long=yes}}). Combined, the film grossed an estimated total of approximately {{US$|{{#expr:206247+1438652+4220000+367050 round 0}}|year=1980|round=-6}} in Asia and Europe.
On 27 December 2002, DVD was released by [[Hong Kong Legends]] in the United Kingdom in [[DVD region code|Region 2]].

==See also==
{{Portal|Hong Kong|Film|Martial arts|1980s}}
* [[Jackie Chan filmography]]
* [[List of Hong Kong films]]
* [[List of martial arts films]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0081499}}
*{{IMDb title|id=0081499}}
*{{Amg movie|130067}}


{{Jackie Chan}}
{{Jackie Chan}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Young Master, The}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Young Master, The}}
[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980s martial arts films]] <!-- http://www.hkmdb.com/db/movies/view.mhtml?id=6073&display_set=eng -->
[[Category:1980 martial arts films]]
[[Category:Cantonese-language films]]
[[Category:1980s Cantonese-language films]]
[[Category:1980s Hong Kong films]]
[[Category:1980s martial arts comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jackie Chan]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jackie Chan]]
[[Category:Golden Harvest films]]
[[Category:Golden Harvest films]]
[[Category:Hong Kong films]]
[[Category:Hapkido films]]
[[Category:Hong Kong martial arts films]] <!-- http://www.hkmdb.com/db/movies/view.mhtml?id=6073&display_set=eng -->
[[Category:Hong Kong martial arts comedy films]]
[[Category:Hong Kong slapstick comedy films]]
[[Category:Karate films]]
[[Category:Kung fu films]]
[[Category:Kung fu films]]

Latest revision as of 12:53, 22 December 2024

The Young Master
Hong Kong film poster
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese師弟出馬
Simplified Chinese师弟出马
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShī Dì Chū Mǎ
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingSi1 Dai2 Ceot1 Ma2
Directed byJackie Chan
Written byJackie Chan
Edward Tang
Lau Tin-chi
Tung Lu
Produced byRaymond Chow
Leonard Ho
StarringJackie Chan
Yuen Biao
Fung Fung
Shih Kien
CinematographyChen Ching-chu
Edited byPeter Cheung
Music byFrankie Chan
Production
company
Distributed byGolden Harvest
Media Asia Group
Release date
  • 9 February 1980 (1980-02-09)
Running time
106 minutes
CountryHong Kong
LanguageCantonese
Box officeest. US$6.2 million

The Young Master (Chinese: 師弟出馬) is a 1980 Hong Kong martial arts film starring and directed by Jackie Chan, from a screenplay by Chan, Edward Tang, Lau Tin-chi, and Tung Lu. It co-stars Yuen Biao, Fung Fung and Shih Kien. The film was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 9 February 1980.

Notable for being the first film that Jackie Chan worked on for Golden Harvest, it is his second film as director. The film was produced by Raymond Chow and Leonard Ho.

Plot

[edit]

The school attended by Dragon and his brother, Tiger is entered against a rival school in a Lion dance competition. The school needs to win the prize money to remain open but their star performer, Tiger, is seemingly injured when he falls from a ladder, leaving his brother, Dragon, to take his place. During the competition, Dragon realizes that his brother feigned his accident in order to take part in the competition for the rival school.

The rival school wins the competition, but the truth emerges about Tiger's betrayal and he is exiled in disgrace. However, Dragon vows to bring back his errant brother so the pair can make amends to their master. Dragon sets off on his mission, but en route is mistaken for a criminal known as The White Fan by local police chief, Sang Kung along with his son and daughter. Meanwhile, Tiger collaborates with his employers (the rival school) by freeing a dangerous criminal known as Kam. However, Tiger is later framed for a bank robbery. To stop his brother from being arrested, Dragon promises to apprehend the escapee, Kam.

The Young Master ends with a furious, brutal fight between Kam and Dragon, in which Dragon sustains substantial damage. At the beginning of the fight, it appears that Kam has the upper hand as he punishes Dragon with blindingly fast punches and kicks. However, after consuming water from an opium pipe given to him by a whimsical old man, Dragon becomes energized and defeats Kam. The Young Master ends with Dragon returning to his hometown, a hero (albeit one in full body cast from the many injuries he sustained).

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]

Chan nearly suffocated when he injured his throat.[1]

Music

[edit]

The theme song played over the closing credits, Kung Fu Fighting Man was the first song recorded and performed by Jackie Chan. He has since gone on to release many records, and has performed the theme songs on many of his films.[2]

Versions

[edit]

There are two main versions of the film; a 106-minute Hong Kong cut, and a 90-minute international cut.

The original version of the film that Chan handed over to Golden Harvest was reportedly three hours in length.[3]

Box office

[edit]

In Hong Kong, the film grossed HK$1,026,283[4][5][6] (US$206,247).[7] In South Korea, it was the highest-grossing film of 1980, with 436,631 box office admissions in Seoul City,[8][9] equivalent to an estimated 873,262,000[10] (US$1,438,652).[11] In Japan, it was the 21st highest-grossing film of 1981, earning ¥930 million[12] (US$4.22 million).[13] In Spain (where it released in 1982),[14] the film sold 288,196 tickets,[15] equivalent to an estimated €374,655[16] (US$367,050). Combined, the film grossed an estimated total of approximately US$6,231,949 (equivalent to $23,000,000 in 2023) in Asia and Europe.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jackie Chan. "Jackie's Aches and Pains: It Only Hurts When I'm Not Laughing". Random House. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  2. ^ "Jackie Chan: Kung Fu Fighter Believes There's More to Him Than Meets the Eye". hkvpradio (Hong Kong Vintage Pop Radio). Retrieved 12 February 2009.
  3. ^ "The Young Master (DVD review)". DVD Times. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
  4. ^ "The Young Master (1980)". Hong Kong Movie DataBase. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  5. ^ "boxoffice hong-kong 1980". Cinemasie. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  6. ^ "【ジャッキーチェン興行成績】 第8回:香港での興行収入". KungFu Tube (in Japanese). 16 August 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  7. ^ "Official exchange rate (HK$ per US$, period average)". World Bank. 1980. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  8. ^ "【ジャッキーチェン興行成績】 第10回:韓国での興行収入". KungFu Tube (in Japanese). 5 September 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  9. ^ "영화정보" [Movie Information]. KOFIC (in Korean). Korean Film Council. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  10. ^ Park, Seung Hyun (2000). A Cultural Interpretation of Korean Cinema, 1988-1997. Indiana University. p. 119. Average Ticket Prices in Korea, 1974-1997 [...] * Source: Korea Cinema Yearbook (1997-1998) * Currency: won [...] Foreign [...] 1980 [...] 2,000
  11. ^ "Official exchange rate (KRW per US$, period average)". World Bank. 1980. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  12. ^ "【ジャッキーチェン興行成績】 第12回:日本での興行収入". KungFu Tube (in Japanese). Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  13. ^ "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan". World Bank. 1981. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  14. ^ "Молодой мастер — дата выхода в России и других странах" [Young Master - Release dates in Russia and other countries]. Kinopoisk (in Russian). Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  15. ^ Soyer, Renaud (4 February 2014). "Jackie Chan Box Office". Box Office Story (in French). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Cinema market". Cinema, TV and radio in the EU: Statistics on audiovisual services (Data 1980-2002) (2003 ed.). Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 2003. pp. 31–64 (61). ISBN 92-894-5709-0. ISSN 1725-4515. Retrieved 23 May 2020. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
[edit]