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Fitz (pronounced "fits") was a patronymic indicator used in Anglo-Norman England to help distinguish individuals by identifying their immediate predecessors. Meaning "son of", it would precede the father's forename, or less commonly a title held by the father. In rare cases, it formed part of a matronymic to associate the bearer with a more prominent mother. Convention among modern historians is to represent the word as fitz, but in the original Norman French documentation, it appears as fiz, filz, or similar forms, deriving from the Old French noun filz, fiz (French fils), meaning "son of", and ultimately from Latin filius (son).^[1] Its use during the period of English surname adoption (following the Norman conquest) led to its incorporation into patronymic surnames, and at later periods this form was adopted by English kings for the surnames given some of their recognized illegitimate children, and by Irish families when anglicizing their Gaelic patronymic surnames.

Origin

In Anglo-Norman England, the gentry and nobility were distinguished when named in contemporary documents in one of several ways. For example, some were further identified using a toponymic, which indicated their feudal holdings or the location of their origin, such as with William the Conqueror's adviser Roger de Beaumont (c. 1015–1094), ('Roger of Beaumont'). For others an indication of their societal role was given, as with Robert Despenser (Robert 'the steward'), or a nickname like Alan Rufus (Alan 'the Red'). Finally, some were distinguished simply by associating them with their father's name, some of which used the fitz element. Thus fitz Bernard would indicate the person so referred was "son of Bernard". In its original usage, this was part of the personal name of the bearer, and would change in each generation: Domesday landholder John fitz Richard was father of Eustace fitz John, followed in successive generations by Richard fitz Eustace and John fitz Richard.

In certain cases, it is the title of the father that would form part of a fitz patronymic form. This is seen, for example, with Otuer fitz Count, illegitimate son of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester (the continental title count being the equivalent of the English earl), while several illegitimate children of the Norman and early Angevin kings were called fitz Roy, which means "son of the king" in Anglo-Norman French. Some examples being Henry fitz Roy, son of Henry I, and Richard fitz Roy, son of king John.

As family identity strengthened, these personal patronymics evolved into patronymic surnames, locking into a particular form passed unchanged to successive family members independent of the given names in each generation, such as with the FitzAlan family, who used that surname from the mid-12th century, though more frequently the generational patronymic forms were abandoned in favor of a toponymic. In some cases the Fitz surnames have preserved pet forms of the paternal name, such as FitzGibbon or FitzHarris (representing pet forms of Gilbert and Henry, respectively). There are also examples of the Fitz surname element appearing alone, either as a shortening of an original full patronymic surname, or originally distinguishing a son from his father of the same name (Roger fitz, Roger 'the son'), then used by descendants as a hereditary surname.^[2]^[3]

In some circumstances, it was instead the mother who was memorialized in a fitz name form, making it a matronymic. This is seen with the name of a noteworthy mother, as with William fitz Empress, Robert fitz Wimarc, and Robert fitz Pernell, a byname of Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester, or to distinguish like-named brothers with different mothers, such as Robert fitz Edith, born to Henry I's mistress Edith and distinct from another of the king's bastards born to a different mother, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester.

Irish usage

Use in Ireland had two independent origins. The Irish surname FitzGerald, for example, is thought to derive from Gerald de Windsor, a Cambro-Norman nobleman whose son and grandson were involved in the Norman invasion of Ireland. However, other forms, such as Fitzpatrick, were of native Irish origin. This name is an anglicization of the Gaelic patronymic surname Mac Giolla Phádraig, the name changed by monarchical decree of Henry VIII as part of the family's submission under the Crown's surrender and regrant policy in the 1530s–1540s.

Revival

From the Stuart era (1603–1714) and later, there was a revival of the adoption of fitz surname forms, particularly for illegitimate children of kings, princes, or high nobility, for example Fitzroy for the children of Charles II and one of his mistresses, the Duchess of Cleveland; FitzJames, for the illegitimate children of king James II (1685–1688) and Arabella Churchill; FitzClarence for those of Duke of Clarence, later King William IV (1830–1837) by Mrs. Jordan; and FitzGeorge, for the sons born to the legally prohibited marriage of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (1819–1904) with Sarah Fairbrother, who would refer to herself as Mrs. FitzGeorge. This practice by the late royalty gave rise to the erroneous belief that historical instances of Fitz surnames also denoted illegitimacy, which was not the case.^[4] In 1834, the Baronet Sir Robert Wygram obtained royal licence to make "a fanciful alteration" of his surname to Fitzwygram.^[5]

In the arts

In the arts, the prefix Fitz has been used to connote nobility. Walter Scott's Ivanhoe includes a Lord Waldemar Fitzurse, a noble advisor of prince John. Ben Jonson's play The Devil Is an Ass includes the eccentric and foolish Norfolk squire named Fabian Fitzdottrell, a name evoking the dotterel, viewed by Jacobeans as a foolish bird, while Anthony Trollope's 1862 novel Orley Farm features the fictional rakishly aristocratic figure Lord John Fitzjoly. In Jane Austen's famous novel Pride and Prejudice, a major character is named Fitzwilliam Darcy. More recently, Robin Hobb has written a series of fictional fantasy novels featuring a royal bastard, the assassin FitzChivalry 'Fitz' Farseer.

Examples

Historic persons

Medieval

Turstin FitzRolf (fl. 1066)
William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford (1020–1071), a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror
Pain fitzJohn before 1100 – 10 July 1137
William FitzRalph (1140–1200) the High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests from 1169 to 1177
Fulk I FitzWarin (died 1170/1), son of Warin of Metz, and progeny of same name (see Baron FitzWarin) surviving until Fulk XI FitzWarin, 7th Baron FitzWarin (1405–1420)
Henry II of England (died 1189), son of Empress Matilda, known as Henry FitzEmpress
Reginald Fitzurse (1145–1173)
Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester (died 1204, alias Robert FitzPernel)
Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter (1247–1326)
Ivo FitzWaryn (1347–1414) whose daughter, Alice, married Richard Whittington^[i]
William FitzStephen, remarked on the Tower of London^[6]

Prominent families

(Names are variously spelled with or without a space and capital letter after "Fitz-")

FitzAlan (see Duke of Norfolk, Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent)
FitzClarence (late 18th century; see King William IV)
Fitzduncan
FitzGeorge
FitzGerald (see Baron Fitzgerald, Duke of Leinster, Earl of Dunmore, FitzGerald baronets)
Fitzgibbon
Fitzgilbert
Fitzharris
Fitzhenry
FitzHerbert (see Baron Stafford, FitzHerbert baronets)
Fitzhugh
FitzJames
FitzJohn
Fitzmaurice (see Marquess of Lansdowne)
Fitzmorris
Fitzpatrick
Fitzrichard
Fitzroy (see Duke of Grafton, Viscount Daventry)
Fitzsimon
Fitzsimons
Fitzstephen
FitzThomas
Fitzwarren
Fitzwater
Fitzwilliam (see Earl Fitzwilliam)

Other uses

Fitz is also a stand-alone German surname originating in the Palatinate region of Germany.

Footnotes

^ In the legend Dick Whittington and His Cat, he is known as Fitzwarren and brings up Whittington.

References

^ "Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII/1". Les roys de Engeltere. 1280–1300. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Five rectangles of red linen, formerly used as curtains for the miniatures. ff. 3–6: Eight miniatures of the kings of England from Edward the Confessor (r. 1042–1066) to Edward I (r. 1272–1307); each one except the last is accompanied by a short account of their reign in Anglo-Norman prose. 'Sir Lowys fiz le Roy Phylippe de Fraunce' 'en engletere: le Roy Jon regna.'^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland, Oxford, 2016, vol. 1, pp. ix-xiv.
^ Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland, Oxford, 2016, vol. 2, pp. 927-929.
^ McKinley, Richard, A History of British Surnames, Longman, 1990, p. 126
^ "Wigram, Robert II (1773–1843), of Belmont Lodge, Malvern Wells, Worcs.", The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790–1820, ed. R. Thorne, 1986
^ Stalley, R. A. 1999. Early medieval architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[6] In the legend Dick Whittington and His Cat, he is known as Fitzwarren and brings up Whittington.

[1] "Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII/1". Les roys de Engeltere. 1280–1300. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Five rectangles of red linen, formerly used as curtains for the miniatures. ff. 3–6: Eight miniatures of the kings of England from Edward the Confessor (r. 1042–1066) to Edward I (r. 1272–1307); each one except the last is accompanied by a short account of their reign in Anglo-Norman prose. 'Sir Lowys fiz le Roy Phylippe de Fraunce' 'en engletere: le Roy Jon regna.'^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[2] Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland, Oxford, 2016, vol. 1, pp. ix-xiv.

[3] Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland, Oxford, 2016, vol. 2, pp. 927-929.

[4] McKinley, Richard, A History of British Surnames, Longman, 1990, p. 126

[5] "Wigram, Robert II (1773–1843), of Belmont Lodge, Malvern Wells, Worcs.", The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790–1820, ed. R. Thorne, 1986

[7] Stalley, R. A. 1999. Early medieval architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Prefix in patronymic surnames of Anglo-Norman origin}}
-{{For|other uses|Fitz (disambiguation)}}
+{{About|the surname prefix}}
-'''Fitz''' (pronounced "fits") is a prefix in [[patronymic surname]]s of [[Anglo-Norman]] origin, that is to say originating in the 11th century. The word is a [[Norman language|Norman French]] [[noun]] meaning "son of", from Latin ''filius'' (son), plus genitive case of the father's forename.<ref>Thus ''Robertus'', [[List of Latinized names|latinised]] form in the nominative case of the father's forename suggests his son's name in Latin as ''Filius Roberti'' ("son of Robert")</ref>Whilst ''Fitz'' is now the standard form used by modern historians the word appears in ancient documents with various spellings such as ''fiz'', ''filz'', etc.  The word has developed in modern French to ''fils de'', with which it is thus [[cognate]].
+'''Fitz''' (pronounced "fits") was a [[patronymic]] indicator used in [[Anglo-Norman England]] to help distinguish individuals by identifying their immediate predecessors.  Meaning "son of", it would precede the father's forename, or less commonly a title held by the father. In rare cases, it formed part of a [[matronymic]] to associate the bearer with a more prominent mother.  Convention among modern historians is to represent the word as ''fitz'', but in the original [[Anglo-Norman language|Norman French]] documentation, it appears as ''fiz'', ''filz'', or similar forms, deriving from the [[Old French]] noun ''filz'', ''fiz'' (French ''fils''), meaning "son of", and ultimately from Latin ''filius'' (son).<ref>{{cite web |year=1280–1300 |title=Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII/1 |url=http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=cotton_ms_vitellius_a_xiii!1_f005v |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Les roys de Engeltere |quote=Five rectangles of red linen, formerly used as curtains for the miniatures. ff. 3–6: Eight miniatures of the kings of England from Edward the Confessor (r. 1042–1066) to Edward I (r. 1272–1307); each one except the last is accompanied by a short account of their reign in Anglo-Norman prose. 'Sir Lowys fiz le Roy Phylippe de Fraunce' 'en engletere: le Roy Jon regna.' }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Its use during the period of English surname adoption (following the Norman conquest) led to its incorporation into [[patronymic surnames]], and at later periods this form was adopted by English kings for the surnames given some of their recognized illegitimate children, and by Irish families when [[Anglicisation of names|anglicizing]] their [[Gaelic Ireland|Gaelic]] patronymic surnames.
 ==Origin==
+In Anglo-Norman England, the [[gentry]] and nobility were distinguished when named in contemporary documents in one of several ways. For example, some were further identified using a [[toponymic]], which indicated their feudal holdings or the location of their origin, such as with [[William the Conqueror]]'s adviser [[Roger de Beaumont]] ({{Circa}} 1015–1094), ('Roger of Beaumont'). For others an indication of their societal role was given, as with [[Robert Despenser]] (Robert 'the steward'), or a nickname like [[Alan Rufus]] (Alan 'the Red'). Finally, some were distinguished simply by associating them with their father's name, some of which used the ''fitz'' element.  Thus ''fitz Bernard'' would indicate the person so referred was "son of Bernard". In its original usage, this was part of the personal name of the bearer, and would change in each generation: Domesday landholder [[John fitzRichard|John fitz Richard]] was father of [[Eustace fitz John]], followed in successive generations by [[Richard fitz Eustace]] and [[John fitz Richard]].
-Norman gentry and noble families under feudal society held one or more manors from an [[Lord|overlord]], who himself held directly from the [[Duke of Normandy]], the sovereign. Such families took their surnames from their principal manor on which they resided and which formed their seat. This was the case for example with [[William the Conqueror]]'s great noble adviser [[Roger de Beaumont]] (c.1015-1094), ("Roger from Beaumont"), who took his surname from his manor of [[Beaumont-le-Roger]] in Normandy. His eldest son was called [[Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert de Beaumont]], again after the family seat.
+In certain cases, it is the title of the father that would form part of a ''fitz'' patronymic form.  This is seen, for example, with Otuer fitz Count, illegitimate son of [[Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester]] (the continental title ''count'' being the equivalent of the English ''earl''), while several illegitimate children of the Norman and early Angevin kings were called ''[[Fitzroy (surname)|fitz Roy]]'', which means "son of the king" in Anglo-Norman French. Some examples being [[Henry FitzRoy (d. 1158)|Henry fitz Roy]], son of Henry I, and [[Richard FitzRoy|Richard fitz Roy]], son of king John.
-However, where a distinguished Norman warrior perhaps held no land, and thus was not an established member of feudal society, or was from an obscure family, such a naming convention was unavailable. In such families therefore the word ''Fitz'' was preposed to the fore name of the warrior's father to give the warrior and his further descendants a surname by which they could be known.  Thus ''Fitz Gilbert'', meaning "son of Gilbert" would be adopted as a surname by the warrior christened "Baldwin", giving "Baldwin FitzGilbert". If we assume Baldwin's son was christened "William", his name would become "William FitzBaldwin FitzGilbert. However it is rare to find this naming practice extending beyond two generations and eventually the family name became "FitzGilbert" alone, the name of the patriarch, with the name of the patriarch's son being dropped. It must be asked why the father, in this case Gilbert, was not himself ''Fitz'' of his own father, the answer seems unclear. The [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, written in Latin, names a few examples such as ''Turstin filius Rolf'',<ref>Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, part 1, chapter 37</ref> who was known in Norman-French documents as [[Turstin FitzRolf]].
+As family identity strengthened, these personal patronymics evolved into patronymic surnames, locking into a particular form passed unchanged to successive family members independent of the given names in each generation, such as with the [[FitzAlan]] family, who used that surname from the mid-12th century, though more frequently the generational patronymic forms were abandoned in favor of a toponymic.  In some cases the Fitz surnames have preserved pet forms of the paternal name, such as FitzGibbon or FitzHarris (representing pet forms of Gilbert and Henry, respectively). There are also examples of the Fitz surname element appearing alone, either as a shortening of an original full patronymic surname, or originally distinguishing a son from his father of the same name (Roger ''fitz'', Roger 'the son'), then used by descendants as a hereditary surname.<ref>Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., ''The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland'', Oxford, 2016, vol. 1, pp. ix-xiv.</ref><ref>Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds., ''The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland'', Oxford, 2016, vol. 2, pp. 927-929.</ref>
-==Norse origins==
-The Normans were descended from Norsemen or Vikings and the usage appears to reflect the Scandinavian tradition of adding ''-son'' after (usually) the father's name. There are, however, exceptions in which the name of a more noteworthy mother (Fitz Wymarch) or a parent's title (Fitz Count, Fitz Empress) was used instead. Such surnames were later created for illegitimate children of royal princes.<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', "Fitz", sense '''a'''. Retrieved 2013-10-26.</ref>
+In some circumstances, it was instead the mother who was memorialized in a ''fitz'' name form, making it a [[matronymic]]. This is seen with the name of a noteworthy mother, as with [[William FitzEmpress|William fitz Empress]], [[Robert FitzWimarc|Robert fitz Wimarc]], and Robert fitz Pernell, a byname of [[Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester]], or to distinguish like-named brothers with different mothers, such as [[Robert fitzEdith|Robert fitz Edith]], born to Henry I's mistress [[Edith Forne|Edith]] and distinct from another of the king's bastards born to a different mother, [[Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester]].
-==Decline/abolition==
-The Devon historian [[Tristram Risdon]] (d.1640) wrote: ''"From the [[Norman Conquest|Conquest]] unto the time of King [[Edward I of England|Edward the First]]"'' (i.e. reigned 1272-1307) ''"the addition of 'Fitz'  was so frequent with the Normans that to avoid confusion in that kind men were commanded to assume unto themselves local names"''.<ref>[[Tristram Risdon|Risdon, Tristram]] (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.249</ref> Thus for example the ancient Anglo-Norman Devonshire family of "FitzBarnard" assumed the surname "de Speccot", from the name of their Devon seat,<ref>[[Tristram Risdon|Risdon, Tristram]] (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.249</ref>Speccot in the parish of [[Merton (parish)|Merton]].
-==Revival==
-From the [[House of Stuart|Stuart era]] (1603-1714) and later, a pseudo-Anglo-Norman usage of ''Fitz'' was adopted for younger sons of the [[List of English monarchs|British royal family]] who lacked a legal surname, and particularly for [[Illegitimacy|illegitimate]] children of kings and princes, for example [[Fitzroy (disambiguation)|Fitzroy]], (meaning "son of the king", from the French ''fils du roy''); [[Fitzjames]], son of king [[James II of England|James II]] (1685-1688); and [[FitzClarence]], son of the [[William IV of the United Kingdom|Duke of Clarence]], later King [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] (1830-1837). From this later use, it is frequently assumed erroneously that the name ''Fitz'' indicates illegitimacy. More generally, in literature the prefix ''Fitz'' has been used to connote nobility, for example in [[Anthony Trollope]]'s 1862 novel ''[[Orley Farm (novel)|Orley Farm]]'' which features the fictional rakishly aristocratic figure Lord John Fitzjoly.
 ==Irish usage==
-The Irish surname [[FitzGerald dynasty|FitzGerald]] is thought to derive from [[Gerald de Windsor]], a [[Cambro-Norman]] nobleman whose son and grandson were involved in the [[Norman invasion of Ireland]].
+Use in Ireland had two independent origins. The Irish surname [[FitzGerald dynasty|FitzGerald]], for example, is thought to derive from [[Gerald de Windsor]], a [[Cambro-Norman]] nobleman whose son and grandson were involved in the [[Norman invasion of Ireland]]. However, other forms, such as [[Fitzpatrick (name)|Fitzpatrick]], were of native Irish origin.  This name is an anglicization of the Gaelic patronymic surname Mac Giolla Phádraig, the name changed by monarchical decree of [[Henry VIII]] as part of the family's submission under the Crown's [[surrender and regrant]] policy in the 1530s–1540s.
+==Revival==
-The Irish name [[Fitzpatrick (name)|Fitzpatrick]] does not indicate a Norman origin of the family; it is the translation into English of the Gaelic surname Mac Giolla Phádraig. Other surnames beginning "Mac Giolla" were made into "McGilli-" (e.g. McGillicuddy), but the Fitzpatricks claimed Norman heritage in a time when the Normans dominated much of Ireland.
+From the [[House of Stuart|Stuart era]] (1603–1714) and later, there was a revival of the adoption of fitz surname forms, particularly for [[Illegitimacy|illegitimate]] children of kings, princes, or high nobility, for example ''Fitzroy'' for the children of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] and one of his mistresses, the [[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland|Duchess of Cleveland]]; [[FitzJames]], for the illegitimate children of king [[James II of England|James II]] (1685–1688) and [[Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)|Arabella Churchill]]; [[FitzClarence]] for those of Duke of Clarence, later King [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] (1830–1837) by [[Dorothea Jordan|Mrs. Jordan]]; and FitzGeorge, for the sons born to the legally prohibited marriage of [[Prince George, Duke of Cambridge]] (1819–1904) with [[Sarah Fairbrother]], who would refer to herself as Mrs. FitzGeorge. This practice by the late royalty gave rise to the erroneous belief that historical instances of Fitz surnames also denoted illegitimacy, which was not the case.<ref>McKinley, Richard, ''A History of British Surnames'', Longman, 1990, p. 126</ref> In 1834, the Baronet [[Sir Robert Fitzwygram, 2nd Baronet|Sir Robert Wygram]] obtained royal licence to make "a fanciful alteration" of his surname to Fitzwygram.<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/wigram-robert-ii-1773-1843 "Wigram, Robert II (1773–1843), of Belmont Lodge, Malvern Wells, Worcs."], ''The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790–1820'', ed. R. Thorne, 1986</ref>
+==In the arts==
+In the arts, the prefix ''Fitz'' has been used to connote nobility. [[Walter Scott]]'s ''[[Ivanhoe]]'' includes a Lord Waldemar Fitzurse, a noble advisor of prince John.  [[Ben Jonson]]'s play ''[[The Devil Is an Ass]]'' includes the eccentric and foolish Norfolk squire named Fabian Fitzdottrell, a name evoking the [[Eurasian dotterel|dotterel]], viewed by Jacobeans as a foolish bird, while [[Anthony Trollope]]'s 1862 novel ''[[Orley Farm (novel)|Orley Farm]]'' features the fictional rakishly aristocratic figure Lord John Fitzjoly. In Jane Austen's famous novel ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', a major character is named Fitzwilliam Darcy. More recently, [[Robin Hobb]] has written a series of fictional fantasy novels featuring a royal bastard, the assassin FitzChivalry 'Fitz' Farseer.
 ==Examples==
 ===Historic persons===
 {{expand list|date=March 2014}}
 ====Medieval====
-*[[Turstin FitzRolf]] (fl.1066)
+*[[Turstin FitzRolf]] (fl. 1066)
-*[[Fulk I FitzWarin]] (died 1170/1), son of ''Warin of Metz'', and progeny of same name (see [[Baron FitzWarin]]) surviving until [[Fulk XI FitzWarin, 7th Baron FitzWarin]] (1405-1420)
+*[[William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford]] (1020–1071), a relative and close counsellor of [[William the Conqueror]]
-*[[Reginald Fitzurse]] (1145 – 1173)
+*[[Pain fitzJohn]] before 1100{{Snd}}10 July 1137
-*[[Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester]] (died 1204) (''alias'' [[Robert FitzPernel]])
+*[[William FitzRalph]] (1140–1200) the [[High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests]] from 1169 to 1177
-*[[Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter]] (1247– 1326)
+*[[Fulk I FitzWarin]] (died 1170/1), son of Warin of Metz, and progeny of same name (see [[Baron FitzWarin]]) surviving until [[Fulk XI FitzWarin, 7th Baron FitzWarin]] (1405–1420)
+*[[Henry II of England]] (died 1189), son of [[Empress Matilda]], known as Henry FitzEmpress
+*[[Reginald Fitzurse]] (1145–1173)
+*[[Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester]] (died 1204, alias Robert FitzPernel)
+*[[Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter]] (1247–1326)
+*Ivo FitzWaryn (1347–1414) whose daughter, Alice, married [[Richard Whittington]]{{efn-lr|In the legend ''[[Dick Whittington and His Cat]]'', he is known as Fitzwarren and brings up Whittington.|}}
+*William FitzStephen, remarked on the Tower of London<ref>Stalley, R. A. 1999. Early medieval architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>
 ===Prominent families===
+[[File:Fitzalan_arms_02891.jpg|thumb|Coat of arms of the FitzAlan family]]
-(Names are variously spelled with or without capital letter after "Fitz-")
+(Names are variously spelled with or without a space and capital letter after "Fitz-")
-*[[FitzAlan (name)|FitzAlan]] (see [[Duke of Norfolk]], [[Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent]])
-*[[FitzClarence]] (late 18th century; see [[William IV of England|King William IV]])
+*[[FitzAlan]] (see [[Duke of Norfolk]], [[Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent]])
+*[[FitzClarence]] (late 18th century; see [[King William IV]])
 *[[Fitzduncan]]
-*[[FitzGeorge]] or Fitzgeorge
+*[[FitzGeorge]]
-*[[FitzGerald]] (see [[Baron Fitzgerald]], [[Duke of Leinster]], [[Earl of Dunmore]], [[FitzGerald baronets]], [[FitzGerald dynasty]])
+*[[FitzGerald]] (see [[Baron Fitzgerald]], [[Duke of Leinster]], [[Earl of Dunmore]], [[FitzGerald baronets]])
 *[[Fitzgibbon]]
 *[[Fitzgilbert]]
 *[[Fitzharris]]
 *[[Fitzhenry]]
-*[[FitzHerbert]] (see [[Baron Stafford]], [[Fitzherbert baronets]])
+*FitzHerbert (see [[Baron Stafford]], [[FitzHerbert baronets]])
-*[[Fitzhugh|FitzHugh]] or Fitzhugh
+*[[Fitzhugh]]
-*[[FitzJames]] or Fitzjames
+*[[FitzJames]]
+*[[FitzJohn (disambiguation)|FitzJohn]]
-*[[Fitzjohn]]
-*[[FitzJoly]]
 *[[Fitzmaurice]] (see [[Marquess of Lansdowne]])
 *[[Fitzmorris]]
+*[[Fitzpatrick (surname)|Fitzpatrick]]
-*[[Fitzpaine]] or [[Fitzpayne]]
-*[[Fitzpatrick (surname)|Fitzpatrick]] or FitzPatrick
 *[[Fitzrichard]]
+*[[Fitzroy (surname)|Fitzroy]] (see [[Duke of Grafton]], [[Viscount Daventry]])
-*[[Fitzrobert]]
-*[[Fitzroy (disambiguation)|FitzRoy]] (see [[Duke of Grafton]], [[Viscount Daventry]])
-*[[Fitzsimons (disambiguation)|Fitzsimmons]] or [[Fitzsimons (disambiguation)|FitzSimmons]]
 *[[Fitzsimon]]
+*[[Fitzsimons]]
-*[[Fitzsimons (disambiguation)|Fitzsimons]] or [[Fitzsimons (disambiguation)|FitzSimons]]
-*[[Fitzstevens]]
+*[[Fitzstephen]]
+*[[FitzThomas]]
 *[[Fitzwarren (disambiguation)|Fitzwarren]]
-*[[Fitzwater (disambiguation)|Fitzwater]]
+*[[Fitzwater]]
-*[[Fitzwilliam (disambiguation)|Fitzwilliam]] (see [[Earl FitzWilliam]])
+*[[Fitzwilliam (surname)|Fitzwilliam]] (see [[Earl Fitzwilliam]])
-* FitzWorme or Fitzworme
 ==Other uses==
 ''Fitz'' is also a stand-alone German surname originating in the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] region of Germany.
-==Notes==
+==Footnotes==
+{{notelist-lr}}
+==References==
 <references/>