Netanya: Difference between revisions
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{{Use mdy dates|date=October |
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}} |
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{{EngvarB|date=June 2022}} |
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{{Infobox Israel municipality |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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|name=Netanya |
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| name = Netanya |
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| native_name = {{Lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|נְתַנְיָה}}|rtl=yes}} |
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|emblem_type=Coat of Arms |
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| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Israel|City]] |
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|image_flag=Flag of Netanya.svg |
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| translit_lang1 = Hebrew |
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|image_skyline= Poleg interchange.jpg |
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| translit_lang1_type1 = [[ISO 259]] |
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|image_caption= View of South Netanya from Poleg neighbourhood |
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| translit_lang1_info1 = Netanya |
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|hebname={{Hebrew|נְתַנְיָה}} |
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| image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | | perrow = 1/2/2/ | total_width = 300 | align = center |
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|ISO=Netanya |
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| image1 = 20201130_153836_מבט_מלמעלה_על_שלולית_החורף_בנתניה.jpg |
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|arname= |
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| caption1 = Netanya skyline |
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|meaning=Gift of God (we are humble folks) |
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| image2 = PikiWiki_Israel_31709_Wings_of_light_and_freedom_-_Victory_Monument_in_N.JPG |
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|pushpin_map=Israel |
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| caption2 = [[Victory Monument in Netanya|Victory Monument]] |
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|pushpin_map_caption=Location within Israel |
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| image3 = Netanya-Stadium_39_(cropped_2).jpg |
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|latd=32 |latm=20 |lats=0 |latNS=N |
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| caption3 = [[Netanya Stadium]] |
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|longd=34 |longm=51 |longs=0 |longEW=E |
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| image4 = PikiWiki_Israel_19342_Seas_City_Mall_in_Netanya.JPG |
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|founded=February 18, 1929 |
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| caption4 = [[:he:קניון עיר ימים|Ir Yamim Mall]] |
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|type=city |
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| image5 = KIKATZNETDAY.JPG |
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|typefrom= |
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| caption5 = [[:he:כיכר העצמאות (נתניה)|Independence Square]] |
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|stdHeb= |
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|altOffSp= |
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|altUnoSp= |
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|district=center |
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|population=192,200 |
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|population_footnotes= |
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|popyear=2012 |
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|area_dunam=28455 |
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|mayor= [[Miriam Feirberg|Miriam Feirberg Ikar]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| image_caption = Clockwise from top left, Netanya Beach elevator, the [[Sea Opera|Sea Opera Towers]], the Saida Medi Terre Hotel and residential towers at Gad Machnes Street on North Shore Beach, the [[Diamond Stadium|Netanya Stadium]], [[List of shopping malls in Israel|Ir Yamim Shopping Mall]], a pathway and the lake of Winter Park at Poleg Beach, Netanya Academic College and Inter Active Atzmaut Square |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 475 NETANYA GAN HAMELECH גן המלך.jpg|thumb|Gan Hamelech, 1940]] |
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| image_flag = Flag of Netanya.svg |
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'''Netanya''' ({{lang-he-n|נְתַנְיָה}}, lit., "gift of God") is a city in the Northern [[Central District (Israel)|Central District]] of [[Israel]], and is the capital of the surrounding [[Sharon plain]]. It is located {{convert|30|km|2|abbr=on}} north of [[Tel Aviv]], and {{convert|56|km|2|abbr=on}} south of [[Haifa]], between the 'Poleg' stream and [[Wingate Institute]] in the south and the 'Avichail' stream in the north. Netanya was named in honor of [[Nathan Straus]], a prominent [[American Jews|Jewish American]] merchant and philanthropist in the early twentieth century. |
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| image_blank_emblem = [[File:NetanyaCoa.svg|60px]] |
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| blank_emblem_type = Emblem |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map = Israel center ta#Israel |
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| pushpin_mapsize = |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Israel |
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| coordinates = {{coord|32|19|43|N|34|51|24|E|region:IL|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{ISR}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = |
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| subdivision_name1 = |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Israel|District]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Central District (Israel)|Central]] |
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| established_title = Founded |
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| established_date = February 18, 1929 |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name = [[Miriam Feirberg|Miriam Feirberg Ikar]] |
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| unit_pref = dunam |
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| area_total_dunam = {{formatnum:34750|R}} |
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| population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}} |
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| population_total = 232,354 |
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| population_as_of = 2022 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity |
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| demographics1_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}} |
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| demographics1_title1 = [[Israeli Jews|Jews]] |
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| demographics1_info1 = 88.0% |
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| demographics1_title2 = [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arabs]] |
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| demographics1_info2 = 0.3% |
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| demographics1_title3 = [[Israelis#Other citizens|Others]] |
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| demographics1_info3 = 11.7% |
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| blank_name_sec1 = Name meaning |
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| blank_info_sec1 = Named after [[Nathan Straus]] |
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}} |
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[[File:VIEW OF NETANYA. מראה כללי של היישוב נתניה.D25-059.jpg|thumb|250px|Netanya in 1936]] |
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'''Netanya''' (also '''Natanya''', {{langx|he|נְתַנְיָה}}) is a city in the Northern [[Central District (Israel)|Central District]] of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding [[Sharon plain]]. It is {{cvt|30|km|1}} north of [[Tel Aviv]], and {{cvt|56|km|1}} south of [[Haifa]], between the [[Poleg]] stream and the [[Wingate Institute]] in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north. Some of its expansion and suburbs are located on the land of the depopulated village of [[Umm Khaled]]. |
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Netanya was named in honor of [[Nathan Straus]], a prominent [[American Jews|Jewish American]] merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of [[Macy's]] [[department store]]. The city's {{cvt|14|km|mi}} of beaches have made the city a [[Tourism in Israel|popular tourist resort]]. |
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Its {{convert|14|km|mi}} of beaches have made the city a very popular tourist resort. In addition, the city is known for its large immigrant population. A significant percentage of the city's population consists of immigrants from the former [[Soviet Union]], France, and [[Ethiopia]], and the city is home to a notably large population of immigrants from the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada. |
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In {{Israel populations|Year}}, Netanya had a population of {{Israel populations|Netanya}},{{Israel populations|reference}} making it the 7th-largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within {{cvt|10|km|0|abbr=off}} of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor is [[Miriam Feirberg]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:The old Sycamore tree in Netanya.jpg|thumbnail|left|The old [[Ficus sycomorus|Sycamore tree]] in Netanya]] |
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The idea to create the settlement of Netanya was drawn up at a meeting of the [[Bnei Binyamin]] association in [[Zikhron Ya'akov]].<ref name="history"/> The location was decided upon near the ancient site of [[Poleg]] and it was decided to name it in honor of Nathan (Hebrew: ''Natan'') Straus (1848–1931),<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.il/books?id=2xArAAAAMAAJ&q=netanya+nathan+straus&dq=netanya+nathan+straus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ffIoT7OmCsjW8gPN4NSnAw&redir_esc=y |page=270 |title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica |volume=7 |first=William |last=Benton |year=1974 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica (UK) Ltd |isbn=0-85229-290-2}}</ref><ref name="Teller"/> co-owner of [[Macy’s]] department store,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568492/Nathan-Straus |title=Nathan Straus |work=Encyclopaedia Britainnica Online |year=2012 |accessdate=February 7, 2012}}</ref> [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|New York City Parks Commissioner]], and president of the [[Metropolitan Board of Health|New York City Board of Health]],<ref name="virtual">{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Nathan_Straus.html |title=Nathan Straus (1848–1931)|publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |year=2012 |accessdate=February 7, 2012}}</ref> who gifted two-thirds of his personal fortune to projects benefiting [[Jews]] and [[Arab people|Arabs]] in [[Palestine]].<ref name="Teller">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.il/books?id=iisia4aFPQ4C&pg=PA349&dq=netanya+nathan+straus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ffIoT7OmCsjW8gPN4NSnAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=netanya%20nathan%20straus&f=false |title=A Midrash and a Maaseh |first=Hanoch |last=Teller |authorlink=Hanoch Teller |page=349 |publisher=NYC Publishing Co|year=1996 |isbn=1-881939-09-X}}</ref><ref name="virtual"/><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.il/books?ei=E9QlT5roJc2r8AOk7PSuBw&id=E6wKAQAAIAAJ&dq=nathan+strauss+health+center&q=health+center |title=Everyman’s Judaica: An encyclopedic dictionary |page=574|first= Geoffrey |last=Wigoder |year=1975 |publisher= W.H. Allen / Virgin Books |isbn=0-491-01604-2}}</ref> "Netanya...was named for Straus in the hope he would donate money to them. When he told them he had no more money to give they were disappointed, but decided to keep the city's name anyway."<ref>{{ |url=http://www.straushistoricalsociety.org/uploads/1256842256nwsltr809.pdf |title=. |publisher=straushistoricalsociety.org |date= |accessdate=February 7, 2013}}{{dead link|date=February 2013}}</ref> In 1928 members of Bnei Binyamin and Hanote, an organisation set up after Straus was informed of the establishment of the settlement, are said to have purchased {{convert|350|acre|km2}} of [[Umm Khaled]] lands.<ref name="history"/> There remains today, however, considerable controversy among Palestinian and Israeli interpretation about whether land was sold (primarily from non-resident Arab land holders) during the British Mandate. |
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Before the 20th century, parts of Netanya belonged to the Forest of [[Sharon plain|Sharon]], a hallmark of the region's historical landscape. It was an open [[woodland]] dominated by Mount Tabor Oak ([[Quercus ithaburensis]]), which extended from [[Kfar Yona]] in the north to [[Ra'anana]] in the south. Arabs who lived in the area used it for [[pasture]], [[firewood]] and intermittent [[Agriculture|cultivation]]. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the [[Israeli coastal plain|coastal plain]] during the 19th century led to [[deforestation]] and subsequent [[environmental degradation]] known from [[Hebrew literature|Hebrew sources]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=2022-12-01 |title=יער השרון (אל-ע'אבה) בתקופה העות'מאנית: בתקופה מהמחקר חדשות תובנות הגיאוגרפי-היסטורי The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies |url=https://www.academia.edu/93207554 |journal=Muse |volume=5 |pages=90–107}}</ref> |
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On December 14, 1928 a team led by [[Moshe Shaked]] began digging for water at the site, finding it in February 1929. Subsequently, on February 18, 1929, the first five settlers moved onto the land, plowing and cultivating it for the first time. In the weeks that followed, more settlers began arriving. The land was divided between the settlers in June 1929 as slowly the vision of the settlement became reality. Development was set back, however when the [[1929 Palestine riots]] and massacre caused the settlement to be abandoned for a couple of weeks. By September, however, development was back on track with the cornerstones for the first 10 houses being laid on [[Sukkot]].<ref name="history"/> |
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[[File:Nathanya.jpg|thumb|right|Netanya, early 1930s]] |
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Netanya was established near the ancient site of [[Poleg]] by the Bnei Binyamin association in [[Zikhron Ya'akov]].<ref name="history" /> It was named in honor of [[Nathan Straus|Nathan (Hebrew: ''Natan'') Straus]] (1848–1931),<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xArAAAAMAAJ&q=netanya+nathan+straus |page=270 |title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica |volume=7 |first=William |last=Benton |year=1974 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica (UK) Ltd |isbn=978-0-85229-290-7 |access-date=August 22, 2017 |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327060628/https://books.google.com/books?id=2xArAAAAMAAJ&q=netanya+nathan+straus |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Teller" /> co-owner of [[Macy's]] department store,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568492/Nathan-Straus |title=Nathan Straus |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online |year=2012 |access-date=February 7, 2012 |archive-date=March 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309022942/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/568492/Nathan-Straus |url-status=live}}</ref> [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|New York City Parks Commissioner]], and president of the [[Metropolitan Board of Health|New York City Board of Health]],<ref name="virtual">{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Nathan_Straus.html |title=Nathan Straus (1848–1931) |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |year=2012 |access-date=February 7, 2012 |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312093321/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Nathan_Straus.html |url-status=live}}</ref> who gifted two-thirds of his personal fortune to projects benefiting Jews and [[Arab people|Arabs]] in [[Mandatory Palestine]].<ref name="Teller">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iisia4aFPQ4C&q=netanya+nathan+straus&pg=PA349 |title=A Midrash and a Maaseh |first=Hanoch |last=Teller |author-link=Hanoch Teller |page=349 |publisher=NYC Publishing Co |year=1996 |isbn=978-1-881939-09-2 |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327060705/https://books.google.com/books?id=iisia4aFPQ4C&q=netanya+nathan+straus&pg=PA349 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="virtual" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6wKAQAAIAAJ&q=health+center |title=Everyman's Judaica: An encyclopedic dictionary |page=574 |first=Geoffrey |last=Wigoder |year=1975 |publisher=W.H. Allen / Virgin Books |isbn=978-0-491-01604-9}}</ref> "Netanya...was named for Straus in the hope he would donate money to them. When he told them he had no more money to give they were disappointed, but decided to keep the city's name anyway."<ref>[http://www.straushistoricalsociety.org/uploads/1256842256nwsltr809.pdf] {{dead link|date=February 2013}}</ref><ref>Benzaquen, John. [https://www.jpost.com/metro/lifestyle/neighborhood-watch-looking-east "Neighborhood Watch: Looking east"], ''[[Jerusalem Post]]'', May 31, 2012. Accessed August 5, 2023. "Netanya was named for Straus in the hope that he would donate money to the Bnei Binyamin association. Unfortunately for the association, by the time it asked him for financial help, it was too late, as he and his wife had already donated most of their fortune to charities in Palestine and the US."</ref> |
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In the following years, Netanya continued to grow, with the first kindergarten and shop opening in 1930, and the first school in 1931, by which time there were 100 settlers. In 1933, the British architect Cliff Holliday proposed a plan for Netanya to become a tourist city. Holliday also prepared urban projects in Jaffa, Tiberias, Lydda and Ramla.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-zk7q25Nw4kC&lpg=PA24&ots=gOidIBbWOC&dq=clifford%20holliday%20netanya&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q=clifford%20holliday%20netanya&f=false |title=The Jewish-Arab city: spatio-politics in a mixed community. |author=Yacobi Haim |year=2009}}</ref> The first [[Urban planning|urban plan]] for the city, saw it being divided into three sections with a tourism district along the coastline, housing, farms and commerce in the center, and agriculture and industry to the east. 1933 also saw the completion of the Tel-Aviv Hotel, the first hotel in the city, as well as the establishment of two new neighborhoods, Ben Zion and Geva.<ref name="history"/> |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 17378 Fountain in Independence Square in Netanya.JPG|thumb|The fountain in the Independence Square. In 2012 it was moved to the west and an interactive electronic fountain was erected in its place]] |
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The funds for the project of building Netanya were raised by [[Itamar Ben-Avi]] and [[Oved Ben-Ami]], who embarked on a fundraising trip to the United States to raise the money. In 1928 members of Bnei Binyamin and Hanotea, an organisation set up after Straus was informed of the establishment of the settlement, purchased {{cvt|350|acre|km2}} of [[Umm Khaled]] lands.<ref name="history" /> On December 14, 1928, a team led by Moshe Shaked began digging for water at the site. After water was discovered in February 1929, the first five settlers moved onto the land. In the weeks that followed, more settlers began arriving. Development was set back due to the [[1929 Palestine riots]] and massacre of Jews. By September, however, development was back on track with the cornerstones for the first 10 houses being laid on [[Sukkot]].<ref name="history"/> |
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The first kindergarten opened in 1930 and the first school in 1931. In the [[1931 census of Palestine]], Netanya was recorded as having 253 residents. In 1933, the British architect [[Clifford Holliday]] drew up a plan for Netanya as a tourist resort. Holliday also designed urban projects in Jaffa, [[Tiberias]], Lydda and Ramla.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zk7q25Nw4kC&q=clifford%20holliday%20netanya&pg=PA17 |title=The Jewish-Arab city: spatio-politics in a mixed community. |author=Yacobi Haim |year=2009 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-87969-6 |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327060753/https://books.google.com/books?id=-zk7q25Nw4kC&q=clifford+holliday+netanya&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first [[Urban planning|urban plan]] divided the city into three sections with a tourism district along the coastline, housing, farms and commerce in the center, and agriculture and industry to the east. That year also saw the completion of the Tel Aviv Hotel, the first hotel in Netanya, as well as the establishment of two new neighborhoods, Ben Zion and Geva.<ref name="history"/> |
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The [[moshava]] as it then was continued to grow in 1934, when the first ship of illegal immigrants carried 350 to Netanya's shoreline. These operations continued until 1939, with over seventeen ships landing near the city, being aided by the residents of Netanya. Whilst flourishing agriculturally, 1934 also saw the city diversify with Primazon opening the first factory there, producing fruit and vegetable preserves. Following this, the first industrial zone was set up, whilst the Shone Halahot Synagogue was built and the Bialik School, the first school, inaugurated.<ref name="history"/> |
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In 1934, the first [[Aliyah Bet]] ship brought 350 immigrants to Netanya's shoreline, followed by more than seventeen more ships by 1939. In 1934, the Primazon factory opened there, producing fruit and vegetable preserves. An industrial zone was established, and the first synagogue and school was built.<ref name="history"/> |
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As the settlement continued to grow, 1937 saw the cornerstone was laid for a new commercial center, the establishment of the Ein HaTchelet neighborhood, and the connection of Netanya to the Tel Aviv to Haifa road. In 1940, the [[British Mandate of Palestine|British Mandate]] government defined Netanya as a [[Local council (Israel)|local council]] of which Oved Ben-Ami was elected head of.<ref name="history"/> Expansion continued after this point, with the settlement of Neve Itamar created near Netanya in 1944, later becoming a neighborhood, and the first high school opening in 1945.<ref name="history"/> |
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In 1937 the cornerstone was laid for a new commercial center and the connection of Netanya to the Tel Aviv-Haifa road. In 1939, the Ophir diamond polishing plant, the first diamond polishing plant in Palestine, was opened by Asher Daskall and Zvi Rosenberg.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.israelidiamond.co.il/wikidiamond/diamond-industry-figures/oved-ben-ami/ |title=Oved Ben Ami – was awarded the title of Diamond Industry Dignitary |website=Israeli Diamond |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-date=December 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205090730/https://en.israelidiamond.co.il/wikidiamond/diamond-industry-figures/oved-ben-ami/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.israelidiamond.co.il/history-diamond-industry-30s/ |title=The 30s At The Israeli Diamond Industry |website=Israeli Diamond |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808095710/https://en.israelidiamond.co.il/history-diamond-industry-30s/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1940, the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate]] government defined Netanya as a [[Local council (Israel)|local council]] of which [[Oved Ben-Ami]] was elected head.<ref name="history"/> In 1944, Netanya had a population of 4,900. The first high school in Netanya opened in 1945. |
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===State of Israel=== |
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[[File:בית חרושת לליטוש יהלומים בנתניה-JNF018823.jpeg|thumb|Netanya: diamond polishing factory 1945]] |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 2896 Netanya טיילת שקד.jpg|thumb|Shaked promenade, Netanya]] |
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During the [[Jewish insurgency in Palestine]], the Jewish underground group [[Irgun]] launched several attacks against British military and police forces in the Netanya area. The town itself was a bastion of support for the Irgun. The most infamous incident happened in July 1947, in what became known as the [[The Sergeants affair|Sergeants affair]]. After three Irgun fighters had been sentenced to death by the British, the Irgun abducted two British sergeants on a Netanya street, and hid them in an abandoned factory. The British responded by declaring martial law and placing Netanya and the surrounding area under curfew. The British Army searched the town and interrogated residents, but did not find the sergeants. After the three Irgun fighters were hanged, the Irgun hanged the two sergeants in the factory and re-hanged and booby-trapped their bodies in an orange grove.<ref>Bell, Bowyer J.: ''Terror out of Zion'' (1976)</ref> |
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In November 1947, an [[Egged Bus Cooperative|Egged]] bus which left Netanya for Jerusalem was attacked in [[Petah Tikva]]. In 1948, following the withdrawal of British forces from Netanya and the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|1948 Arab-Israeli War]], a large military base was established in the city. When fighting calmed down, Netanya was designated, on December 3, 1948 a city, the first city to be designated in the newly established State of Israel. At this time, the city had 9,000 residents.<ref name="history"/> |
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In November 1947, an [[Egged Bus Cooperative|Egged]] bus driving from Netanya to Jerusalem was [[Fajja bus attacks|attacked]] in [[Petah Tikva]]. In 1948, following the withdrawal of British forces from Netanya and the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|1948 Arab-Israeli War]], a large military base was established in the city. |
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Netanya suffered from several [[Palestinian People|Palestinian]] bombings during the [[Second Intifada]], including the [[Netanya Market bombing]] and, in the same month, the [[Passover Massacre]] which caused the death of 29 people.<ref>Jodi Rudoren,[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/middleeast/remaking-a-life-after-years-in-an-israeli-prison.html?hp 'Remaking a Life, After Years in an Israeli Prison,'] [[New York Times]] 29 March 2014.</ref> Such attacks were cited as justification for the construction of the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] which has proved effective in stemming suicide attacks.<ref>Isabel Kershner, [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/middleeast/03israel.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dprint 'Israeli Tactics Thwart Attacks, With Trade-Off,' ] [[New York Times]], May 3, 2008.</ref> |
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On December 3, 1948, Netanya was declared a city in the newly established State of Israel.<ref name="history" /> Ramat Tiomkin, Ein Hatchlelet, Pardes Hagdud, and Ramat Ephraim were annexed to Netanya. At this time, Netanya had a population of 11,600.<ref name="spatial" /> |
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The [[Kiryat Eliezer Kaplan Industrial Zone]] was inaugurated in 1949 and Neve Itamar, founded in 1944, was annexed to Netanya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.netanya-moreshet.org.il/info/site_show.aspx?id=1203 |title=קריית אליעזר – אזור תעשיה |
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|access-date=August 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826155748/http://www.netanya-moreshet.org.il/info/site_show.aspx?id=1203 |archive-date=August 26, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bet-fisher.co.il/Info/hi_show.aspx?id=28199 |title=נווה איתמר|access-date=August 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826154957/http://www.bet-fisher.co.il/Info/hi_show.aspx?id=28199 |archive-date=August 26, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>[[Netanya railway station]] opened in 1953. |
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With Israel experiencing a wave of Jewish immigration from Europe, elsewhere in the Middle East, and North Africa, Netanya's population expanded. In the years following independence, approximately 14,000 [[History of the Jews in Libya|Libyan Jewish immigrants]] settled in Netanya.<ref>Trevisan Semi, Emanuela, Miccoli, Dario, and Parfitt, Tudor: ''Memory and Ethnicity: Ethnic Museums in Israel and the Diaspora'', P. 93</ref> The population reached 31,000 in 1955. To accommodate the influx of newcomers, the Israeli Housing Ministry built housing units of 50 square meters.<ref name="spatial">OECD: ''Spatial Planning and Policy in Israel The Cases of Netanya and Umm al-Fahm''</ref> The cornerstone of Kiryat Sanz, a religious neighborhood was laid in 1956. The first [[stock exchange]] built in Israel was built in Netanya.<ref name="history" /> By 1961, the city's population had grown to 41,300. |
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During the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Netanya was hit by Jordanian artillery, and Jordanian planes made sorties near Netanya, but failed to cause major damage. A lone Iraqi bomber attacked Netanya, dropping several bombs which damaged a factory and caused some casualties, shortly before being shot down. In 1972, Netanya had a population of 71,100.[[File:Kikar haatzmaut057.jpg|thumb|The Lily Fountain in Ha'Atsmaout Square in its first location (2010)]]In the 1990s, large numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union settled in Netanya, greatly expanding the city's population and resulting in large-scale housing construction.<ref name=spatial/> |
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Netanya suffered from several [[List of Palestinian suicide attacks|Palestinian bombings]] during the [[Second Intifada]], including the [[Netanya Market bombing]] and, in the same month, the [[Passover massacre]] which caused the death of 29 people.<ref>Jodi Rudoren,[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/middleeast/remaking-a-life-after-years-in-an-israeli-prison.html?hp 'Remaking a Life, After Years in an Israeli Prison,'] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105220044/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/middleeast/remaking-a-life-after-years-in-an-israeli-prison.html?hp |date=January 5, 2016 }} [[New York Times]] March 29, 2014.</ref> Such attacks were cited as justification for the construction of the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] which has proved effective in stemming suicide attacks.<ref>Isabel Kershner, [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/middleeast/03israel.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=E2707919954B6CDCFB755F4FB2122588&gwt=pay&assetType=REGIWALL 'Israeli Tactics Thwart Attacks, With Trade-Off,' ] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630052857/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/middleeast/03israel.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=E2707919954B6CDCFB755F4FB2122588&gwt=pay&assetType=REGIWALL |date=June 30, 2020 }} [[New York Times]], May 3, 2008.</ref> |
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In the 2000s and 2010s, Netanya became one of the primary destinations of French Jewish [[aliyah]]. Thousands of French immigrants settled in Netanya, influencing the local culture.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4686286,00.html |title=Netanya: Israel's French capital |date=January 8, 2015 |website=Ynetnews |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106012209/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4686286,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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|percentages=pagr |
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|1929|5 |
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|1931|100 |
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|2008|179000 |
|2008|179000 |
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|2012|192200 |
|2012|192200 |
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|2015|207946 |
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}} |
}} |
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In {{Israel populations|Year}}, Netanya was home to {{Israel populations|Netanya}} people. The population density of the city is 7,115 per square kilometer.<ref name="density"/> The population is expected to be around 320,000 in 2035.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1598&ArticleID=2392 |title=Netanya 2035 Metropolitan Core Outline Plan |website=www.netanya.muni.il |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010555/https://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1598&ArticleID=2392 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to a 2001 survey by the CBS, 99.9% of the population are Jewish and other non-Arabs. In 2001 alone, the city became home to 1,546 immigrants. According to CBS, in 2001 there were 78,800 males and 84,900 females with the population of the city being spread out, with 31.1% 19 years of age or younger, 15.3% between 20 and 29, 17.2% between 30 and 44, 17.4% from 45 to 59, 4.2% from 60 to 64, and 14.9% 65 years of age or older. |
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In terms of the origin of Netanya's residents, 63,800 originate from Europe and America, 30,200 from North Africa, 18,100 from Asia, 10,500 from Ethiopia and 38,100 from Israel. |
In terms of the origin of Netanya's residents, 63,800 originate from Europe and America, 30,200 from North Africa, 18,100 from Asia, 10,500 from Ethiopia and 38,100 from Israel in 2008. That same year, 90,200 of the residents of Netanya were born in Israel, while 71,300 were born abroad.<ref name="origin"/> A significant number of [[Ethiopian Jews in Israel]] have settled in Netanya with over 10,500 Ethiopian Jewish residents in the city.<ref name="cbs-ethiopian"/> Netanya is also the center of the [[Persian Jews|Persian Jewish]] community of Israel. |
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As of 2000, the city had 58,897 salaried workers and 4,671 self-employed with the mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city being [[New Israeli Shekel|NIS]] 4,905, a real change of 8.6% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of NIS 6,217 (a real change of 9.0%) versus NIS 3,603 for females (a real change of 6.8%). The mean income for the self-employed is 6,379. There are 3,293 people who receive unemployment benefits and 14,963 people who receive an income guarantee. |
As of 2000, the city had 58,897 salaried workers and 4,671 self-employed with the mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city being [[New Israeli Shekel|NIS]] 4,905, a real change of 8.6% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of NIS 6,217 (a real change of 9.0%) versus NIS 3,603 for females (a real change of 6.8%). The mean income for the self-employed is 6,379. There are 3,293 people who receive unemployment benefits and 14,963 people who receive an income guarantee. |
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In terms of religion, Netanya is made up approximately of 50% [[ |
In terms of religion, Netanya is made up approximately of 50% [[Jewish culture|secular Jews]]. It is also the home of the Sanzer dynasty and has a large [[Chabad|Chabad Lubavitch]] presence. |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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[[File:קניון נעימי-1, נתניה.jpg|thumb|250px|Naimi Shopping Mall]] |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 19017 Krauze pedetstrian street in Netanya.JPG|thumb|Krauze pedestrian mall]] |
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Industry in Netanya is largely divided between two industrial parks.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} In the south of the city, the newest of these, Pinchas Sapir (KA Poleg), houses the first branch of [[IKEA]] in Israel as well as technology companies such as [[Ceedo]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} Tourism also plays a major part in Netanya's economy with some 19 hotels in the city having 1,452 rooms.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} |
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[[File:Netanya skyline - hoyasmeg.jpg|Northern shore|thumb]] |
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Industry in Netanya is largely divided between four industrial parks. In the south of the city, the newest of these houses the first branch of [[IKEA]] in Israel as well as much hi-tech industry.<ref name="profile"/> Tourism also plays a fairly major part in Netanya's economy with some 19 hotels in the city having 1,452 rooms. On average, this creates some 589 jobs. The hotels had an average occupancy rate of 51.7% in 2006. Netanya's long seashore and many beaches have created a holiday industry, which in turn features resort hotels, restaurants, and malls. |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Netanya is located on the [[Israeli Coastal Plain|Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain]], the [[Via Maris|historic land bridge]] between Europe, Africa, and Asia. The city is the capital of the [[Sharon plain]], a geographic region stretching from the [[Mediterranean]] in the west to the Samarian hills in the east, and the modern |
Netanya is located on the [[Israeli Coastal Plain|Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain]], the [[Via Maris|historic land bridge]] between Europe, Africa, and Asia. The city is the capital of the [[Sharon plain]], a geographic region stretching from the [[Mediterranean]] in the west to the Samarian hills in the east, and the modern-day [[Gush Dan|Tel Aviv metropolitan area]] in the south northwards to [[Mount Carmel]]. Although the capital of a densely populated region, Netanya itself is relatively separate from settlements to the north, south, and east, although, over time, growth has incorporated some into what makes up modern-day Netanya. |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 19345 Iris nature reserve in Netanya.JPG|thumb|left|Iris nature reserve]] |
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 19345 Iris nature reserve in Netanya.JPG|thumb|left|Iris nature reserve]] |
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Apart from some small [[moshav]]im and [[kibbutz]]im, south of Netanya is relatively clear of settlement until [[Herzliya]] and the start of the [[Gush Dan]], Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. Likewise, to the north is clear of large settlement until [[Hadera]], and the east until [[Tulkarm]] in the [[West Bank]]. The area to the east of Netanya does, however, have a large concentration of kibbutzim and moshavim in the [[Hefer Valley Regional Council]] and [[Local council (Israel)|local councils]] of [[Kfar Yona]] and [[Even Yehuda]]. |
Apart from some small [[moshav]]im and [[kibbutz]]im, south of Netanya is relatively clear of settlement until [[Herzliya]] and the start of the [[Gush Dan]], Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. Likewise, to the north is clear of large settlement until [[Hadera]], and to the east until [[Tulkarm]] in the [[West Bank]]. The area to the east of Netanya does, however, have a large concentration of kibbutzim and moshavim in the [[Hefer Valley Regional Council]] and [[Local council (Israel)|local councils]] of [[Kfar Yona]], [[Kadima-Tzoran]] and [[Even Yehuda]]. |
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Netanya itself is divided into a large number of neighborhoods (see [[Neighborhoods of Netanya]]), recently growing southwards out of the city to create |
Netanya itself is divided into a large number of neighborhoods (see [[Neighborhoods of Netanya]]), recently growing southwards out of the city to create several high-end coastal neighborhoods with industrial areas inland. Netanya is home to the Poleg nature reserve and the Irises Dora Rainpool nature park containing the world's largest population of [[iris atropurpurea]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Saving Israel's Coastal Iris |first=Christi |last=Yoder |date=10 June 2015 |url=http://blog.enketo.org/coastal-iris/ |publisher=blog.enketo.org |access-date=26 April 2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510101355/http://blog.enketo.org/coastal-iris/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Irises Dora Rainpool nature park |url=http://www.flowersinisrael.com/fieldtrip2012_1_26_DoraRainPool.htm |publisher=flowersinisrael.com |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413163310/http://flowersinisrael.com/fieldtrip2012_1_26_DoraRainPool.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> At the center of the park is a rainpool which fills up with water in the winter months, and dries up over the summer months. Signs along the rain pool include information on the types of flora and fauna that populate the ecosystem. |
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==Neighborhoods== |
==Neighborhoods== |
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[[File:Laniado |
[[File:Laniado Hospital.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Laniado Hospital]]]] |
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===Kiryat Sanz=== |
=== Kiryat Sanz === |
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In 1956, a beachfront in northern Netanya was selected as a home base for the [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sanzer]] [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidim]] by its leader, Rabbi [[Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam]]. Halberstam established kindergartens, boys' and girls' schools, [[yeshiva]]s, seminaries, synagogues, a children's home for orphaned and needy girls,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mybatmitzvah.org/aboutus.php |title=About Us |access-date=December 30, 2010 |publisher=Lev Lalev |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010113548/http://www.mybatmitzvah.org/aboutus.php |archive-date=October 10, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> an old-age home, and a hospital. In addition to religious services, [[Kiryat Sanz, Netanya|Kiryat Sanz]] had a diamond polishing factory built by a New York diamond merchant.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Historical Perspective of Laniado Hospital |url=http://www.laniadohospital.org/historical-prospective.html |publisher=American Friends of Laniado Hospital |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727014112/http://www.laniadohospital.org/historical-prospective.html |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Halberstam established his court here in 1960.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Klausenberger Rebbe: Rebuilding |last=Lifschitz |first=Judah |year=2007 |publisher=[[Targum Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/klausenbergerreb0000sors/page/175 175] |isbn=978-1-56871-451-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/klausenbergerreb0000sors/page/175}}</ref> Following his death in 1994, his eldest son, Rabbi [[Zvi Elimelech Halberstam]], known as the Sanzer Rebbe, became the spiritual leader of the Sanz community in Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishpress.com/printArticle.cfm?contentid=26813 |title=Sanz-Klausenberger Rebbe's Anticipated Visit |last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |date=December 12, 2007 |access-date=December 25, 2010 |work=[[The Jewish Press]] |archive-date=July 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713104431/http://www.jewishpress.com/printArticle.cfm?contentid=26813 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, Kiryat Sanz had a population of approximately 1000 families.<ref name="real">{{cite web |url=http://www.luxury-israel-real-estate.info/locations/netanya-real-estate.html |title=Netanya Real Estate |publisher=Luxury Israel Real Estate |access-date=December 30, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110034258/http://www.luxury-israel-real-estate.info/locations/netanya-real-estate.html |archive-date=November 10, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Most of the older generation are Holocaust survivors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=20738 |title=Rebuilding is Remembrance |last=Leibowitz Schmidt |first=Shira |date=May 4, 2006 |access-date=December 30, 2010 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref> Besides its educational facilities for boys and girls from elementary to post-graduate,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igJ_Y6SgUNAC&q=kiryat+sanz,+netanya&pg=PA204 |page=204 |title=Letter to My Children: From Romania to America via Auschwitz |last=Tessler |first=Rudolph |year=1999 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |isbn=978-0-8262-1244-3 |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327060859/https://books.google.com/books?id=igJ_Y6SgUNAC&q=kiryat+sanz%2C+netanya&pg=PA204 |url-status=live }}</ref> there are five synagogues, a [[mikveh]], a printing house,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sanz.dpages.co.il/ |title=Kiryat Sanz |publisher=Kiryat Sanz & Institutions |access-date=December 30, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721135030/http://sanz.dpages.co.il/ |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> a religious hotel, a religious nursing school, and the [[Laniado Hospital]],<ref name="real"/> which encompasses two medical centers, a children's hospital, a geriatric center and a nursing school, serving a regional population of over 450,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laniado.co.uk/about-laniado.html |title=About the Hospital |publisher=British Friends of Laniado Hospital |access-date=December 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112171513/http://www.laniado.co.uk/about-laniado.html |archive-date=November 12, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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{{main|Kiryat Sanz, Netanya}} |
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In 1956 a beachfront in northern Netanya was selected as the home base for the [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sanzer]] [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidim]] by its leader, Rabbi [[Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam]]. Halberstam established kindergartens, boys' and girls' schools, [[yeshiva]]s, seminaries, [[synagogue]]s, a children's home for orphaned and needy girls,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mybatmitzvah.org/aboutus.php |title=About Us |accessdate=December 30, 2010 |publisher=Lev Lalev}}</ref> an old-age home, and a [[hospital]]. In addition to religious services, the new settlement had a [[diamond]] polishing factory built by a New York diamond merchant.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Historical Perspective of Laniado Hospital |url=http://www.laniadohospital.org/historical-prospective.html |publisher=American Friends of Laniado Hospital |accessdate=February 19, 2011}}</ref> Halberstam established his court here in 1960.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Klausenberger Rebbe: Rebuilding |last=Lifschitz |first=Judah |year=2007 |publisher=[[Targum Press]] |page=175|isbn=978-1-56871-451-6}}</ref> Following his death in 1994, his eldest son, Rabbi [[Zvi Elimelech Halberstam]], known as the Sanzer Rebbe, has been the spiritual leader of the Sanz community in Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishpress.com/printArticle.cfm?contentid=26813 |title=Sanz-Klausenberger Rebbe's Anticipated Visit|last=Tannenbaum |first=Rabbi Gershon |date=December 12, 2007 |accessdate=December 25, 2010 |work=[[The Jewish Press]]}}</ref> Today Kiryat Sanz has a population of approximately 1000 families.<ref name="real">{{cite web |url= http://www.luxury-israel-real-estate.info/locations/netanya-real-estate.html |title=Netanya Real Estate |publisher=Luxury Israel Real Estate |accessdate=December 30, 2010}}</ref> Most of the older generation are Holocaust survivors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=20738 |title=Rebuilding is Remembrance |last=Leibowitz Schmidt |first=Shira |date=May 4, 2006 |accessdate=December 30, 2010 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref> Besides its educational facilities for boys and girls from elementary to post-graduate,<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=igJ_Y6SgUNAC&pg=PA204&dq=kiryat+sanz,+netanya&hl=en&ei=RUhcTayIC4_h4waDv73lCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=kiryat%20sanz%2C%20netanya&f=false |page=204 |title=Letter To My Children: From Romania to America via Auschwitz |last=Tessler |first=Rudolph |year=1999 |publisher=University of Missouri Press |isbn=0-8262-1244-1}}</ref> it has five synagogues, a [[mikveh]], a printing house,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sanz.dpages.co.il/ |title=Kiryat Sanz |publisher=Kiryat Sanz & Institutions |accessdate=December 30, 2010}}</ref> a religious hotel, a religious nursing school, and the [[Laniado Hospital]],<ref name="real"/> which encompasses two medical centers, a children’s hospital, a geriatric center and a nursing school, serving a regional population of over 450,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laniado.co.uk/about-laniado.html |title=About the Hospital |publisher=British Friends of Laniado Hospital |accessdate=December 28, 2010}}</ref> |
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===Other neighbourhoods=== |
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==Transportation== |
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{{unreferenced section|date=October 2023}} |
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;Neot Herzl |
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Located in the center of Netanya, near the Netanya interchange. It is a unification of four neighborhoods: Shikkun Sela, Gan Beracha, Amidar and Ramat Herzl. The neighborhood, like the main street of the city that runs nearby, was named after [[Theodor Herzl|Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl]]. The old settlement of [[Umm Khalid]] is also located in this neighborhood. |
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;Tobruk |
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===Public transportation=== |
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Lies west of the Ramat Hen neighborhood. The neighborhood was established during the Second World War and is named after the port city of [[Tobruk]] in Libya. It used to be a center of [[Diamond cutting]]. In 1947, t[[The Sergeants affair|wo British Army Sergeants were hanged]] in the inactive "Feldman" diamond polishing plant in this neighborhood. |
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[[File:Seaopera2898.JPG|[[Sea Opera]], Netanya's tallest building.|thumb|140px]] |
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The public transportation in Netanya is based on [[buses]], [[railway]] and [[service taxi]]s. |
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;Nof Hatayelet |
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The [[Netanya Railway Station]] is located near the city center, on the east side of [[Highway 2 (Israel)|Highway 2]]. Another station is located in the nearby [[moshav]] of [[Beit Yehoshua Railway Station|Bet Yehoshua]] and is convenient for getting to southern Netanya and to the Poleg Industrial Area. Both stations are connected to the city by [[Egged Bus Cooperative|Egged]] bus service, although Shay Li service taxis are highly predominant at the [[Beit Yehoshua Railway Station]].<ref name="Shay Li"/> There are direct trains from both stations to [[Tel Aviv]], [[Binyamina]], [[Hadera]], [[Herzliya]], [[Lod]], [[Rehovot]], [[Ashdod]], [[Ashkelon]] and other towns. All [[Israel Railways]] stations, including [[Ben Gurion Airport Railway Station|Ben Gurion Airport]], can be accessed from Netanya by means of [[Interchange station|transfer station]]s such as Binyamina and Tel Aviv.<ref name="rail"/> |
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A comparably new neighborhood, established in 2000, along the cliff promenade, south of the "Carmel" hotel. A paragliding site is located near the neighborhood. |
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;Ein Hatkhelet |
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Egged buses run from the Netanya central bus station to [[Jerusalem]], [[Haifa]], [[Eilat]] and other destinations. Many neighborhoods have a direct connection to [[Tel Aviv]] without the need to pass through the central bus station. In addition, many Egged lines connecting Tel Aviv with the north of the country stop at the [[Netanya Interchange]] on [[Highway 2 (Israel)|Highway 2]], giving Netanya a direct connection with [[Nazareth]], [[Tiberias]], [[Kiryat Shmona]] and many other northern destinations. [[Nateev Express]] operates bus services to [[Tel Aviv]], [[Bnei Brak]] and to the surrounding communities, including the city of [[Hadera]]. Some regional lines are still operated by Egged. The intracity transportation is based on [[Egged Ta'avura]] bus lines and Shay Li service taxis.<ref name="Shay Li"/> |
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A neighborhood of about 2,500 residents located in the north of Netanya, on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea near [[Avihayil]]. Ein Hatkhelet was established as a working-class neighborhood in [[Emek Hefer]] in 1936. In 1948 it became part of the city of Netanya. |
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;Ramat Ephraim |
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Named after {{Ill|Aaronsohn Family|lt=Ephraim Aaronsohn|HE|משפחת אהרנסון}}. Part of it is the [[Moshav]] Ramat Tiomkin which was established in 1932 and over time was incorporated into Netanya. The moshav was founded by the people of [[Betar]], and a [[Kvutza]] named {{Ill|Kvutzat Menorah|lt=Menorah|he|קבוצת מנורה}}. It was named after {{Ill|Ze'ev Vladimir Tiomkin|hr|זאב טיומקין}}. |
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;Ramat Chen |
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One of the southern neighborhoods of the city, near Gesher HaAchdut. Previously called Pagi neighborhood, since it was founded by [[Poalei Agudat Yisrael]] (Pagi is the Hebrew acronym of it). |
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;Neot Ganim |
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Previously called "Shikkun Vatikim", this neighborhood is one of the first neighborhoods in the city and it was established in the location of the city's [[Immigrant camps (Israel)|immigrant camp]] used to be. At its southern end is the cemetery of the city of Netanya. |
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;Neve Itamar |
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The neighborhood was established in 1944 as an independent settlement and was annexed to Netanya in 1949. It is named after [[Itamar Ben-Avi]], who has been an important figure in the story of the establishment of Netanya. |
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;Ramat Poleg |
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Ramat Poleg is an old neighborhood in Netanya, Israel, built in the late 1970s. It is the most southern neighborhood in Netanya. |
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Ramat Poleg is an economically stable neighborhood with a rich culture and many sports activities. |
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;Ir Yamim |
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Established in 2006. This neighborhood is located along the shoreline at the southern part of Netanya. The neighborhood borders Ramat Poleg (to its south) and the [[Irus reserve]] (to its north). |
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;Agamim |
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Established in 2013, and still in construction. It is located next to the Vernal pool |
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of Netanya. The neighborhood is divided into three sections, A B & C. Section C is currently in construction (as of October 2023). |
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==Transportation== |
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[[File:Netanya Sapir Railway Station.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Netanya Sapir Railway Station]]]] |
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The public transportation in Netanya is based on buses, railways and service taxis. |
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===Train=== |
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The [[Netanya railway station]] is located near the city center, on the east side of [[Highway 2 (Israel)|Highway 2]]. [[Netanya Sapir railway station]] is located in the Poleg Industrial Area. [[Beit Yehoshua railway station]], located in the [[moshav]] of [[Beit Yehoshua]], immediately south of Netanya, is convenient for getting to southern Netanya and to the Poleg Industrial Area. These stations are connected to the city by [[Egged Bus Cooperative|Egged]] bus service, although Shay Li service taxis are highly predominant at the Beit Yehoshua station.<ref name="Shay Li"/> There are direct trains from Netanya and Beit Yehoshua to Tel Aviv, [[Binyamina]], [[Hadera]], [[Herzliya]], [[Lod]], [[Rehovot]], [[Ashdod]], [[Ashkelon]] and other towns. All [[Israel Railways]] stations, including [[Ben Gurion Airport Railway Station|Ben Gurion Airport]], can be accessed from Netanya by means of [[Interchange station|transfer stations]] such as Binyamina and Tel Aviv.<ref name="rail"/> |
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===Bus=== |
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Egged buses run from the Netanya central bus station to [[Jerusalem]], Haifa, [[Eilat]] and other destinations. Many neighborhoods have a direct connection to Tel Aviv without the need to pass through the central bus station. In addition, many Egged lines connecting Tel Aviv with the north of the country stop at the Netanya Interchange on [[Highway 2 (Israel)|Highway 2]], giving Netanya a direct connection with [[Nazareth]], [[Tiberias]], [[Kiryat Shmona]] and many other northern destinations. [[Metropoline]] operates bus services to Tel Aviv, [[Bnei Brak]] and the surrounding communities, including the city of [[Hadera]]. Some regional lines are still operated by Egged. The intracity transportation is based on [[Egged Ta'avura]] bus lines and Shay Li service taxis.<ref name="Shay Li"/> |
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==Culture== |
==Culture== |
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[[File:Victory Monument in |
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 31709 Wings of light and freedom - Victory Monument in N.JPG|thumb|[[Victory Monument in Netanya]], dedicated to the victory of the [[Soviet Union]] in WW2]] |
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The Well House is a museum documenting the early history of Netanya. It is located in a historic building dating from 1928. Other museums are the Tribes of Israel Pearl Museum of Yemenite Jewish Heritage, the Shlomo Dror Art Institute, and the Diamimon Diamond Museum. The Cliff Gallery, Gosher Gallery, Abecassis Gallery and Fourth Gallery are all located in the city.<ref name="museums"/> |
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War memorials include the Holocaust Train Car,<ref name="Holocaust Train"/> Beit Yad Lebanim, a memorial to fallen [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] soldiers from Netanya, the National Memorial for Fallen Ordnance Corps, the [[Alexandroni Brigade]] Memorial, the National Victory Monument, dedicated to the Soviet Red Army victory over Nazi Germany, and the Memorial to Victims of Acts of Terror.<ref name="Victory Monument"/> |
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In June 2016, a street in Netanya was named for Japanese diplomat [[Chiune Sugihara]], who was responsible for saving Lithuanian Jews from Nazi persecution early in World War II by providing visas allowing travel eastwards, beyond the reach of the Third Reich's genocidal grasp.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/06/08/national/history/israel-names-street-after-diplomat-sugihara-wwii-issuer-of-visas-for-life-to-jews/#.V1f6Xr5QaNg |title=Israel names street after diplomat Sugihara, who issued 'visas for life' to Jews during WWII |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=June 8, 2016 |website=japantimes.co.jp |publisher=The Japan Times |access-date=June 8, 2016 |quote=A ceremony on a planned street named after the late Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara was held in Netanya, Israel, on Tuesday. Sugihara issued transit visas to thousands of Jewish people during World War II, which later came to be known as “visas for life,” as they saved many from Nazi persecution. Netanya is known as a place where many Jewish people arrived after fleeing from oppression thanks to visas issued by Sugihara. The plan to build the street marks 30 years since Sugihara’s death. “It’s such an honor. I wish my father was here,” said Sugihara’s fourth son, Nobuki, 67. |archive-date=June 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608042525/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/06/08/national/history/israel-names-street-after-diplomat-sugihara-wwii-issuer-of-visas-for-life-to-jews/#.V1f6Xr5QaNg |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Netanya is also home to many war memorials such as the Holocaust Train Car,<ref name="Holocaust Train"/> Beit Yad Lebanim – the memorial to fallen IDF soldiers from Netanya, the National Memorial for Fallen Ordnance Corps, the Alexandroni Brigade Memorial, the National Victory Monument – dedicated to the Russian Red Army victory over Nazi Germany and the Memorial to Victims of Acts of Terror.<ref name="Victory Monument"/> |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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According to the Netanya Municipality, the city has 36,544 students including 5,351 pupils in 186 kindergartens, 16,748 in 46 elementary schools, and 14,445 in 16 high schools. Education in the city is controlled by the municipality's Education Administration.<ref name="muni-education"/> 52.7% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001. |
According to the Netanya Municipality, the city has 36,544 students including 5,351 pupils in 186 kindergartens, 16,748 in 46 elementary schools, and 14,445 in 16 high schools. Education in the city is controlled by the municipality's Education Administration.<ref name="muni-education"/> 52.7% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate ([[Bagrut certificate|Bagrut]]) in 2001. |
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[[Netanya Academic College]] offers [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor's]] and master's degrees, and a unique program for high-school students. Other institutions of higher education in the city are Ort Hermelin College of Engineering, Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Lesley College, and Tesler School for Nursing.<ref name="muni-highereducation"/> The [[Wingate Institute]], Israel's National Centre for Physical Education and Sport, is located just south of the city. |
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==Sports== |
==Sports== |
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[[File:PikiWiki Israel 33578 Golden Ball sculpture in Netanya Stadium.JPG|thumb|right|Netanya's Stadium and the Golden Ball sculpture]] |
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 33578 Golden Ball sculpture in Netanya Stadium.JPG|thumb|right|Netanya's Stadium and the Golden Ball sculpture]] |
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The main stadiums in Netanya are the 13, |
The main stadiums in Netanya are the 13,610-seat [[Netanya Stadium]]. Netanya has three [[Association football|football]] teams, the main being [[Maccabi Netanya F.C.|Maccabi Netanya]], whose main local rival is [[Beitar Nes Tubruk F.C.|Beitar Nes Tubruk]]. The third is [[Maccabi HaSharon Netanya F.C.|Maccabi HaSharon Netanya]], though the team has been limited to fourth-tier football in the [[Liga Bet]]. [[Elitzur Netanya B.C.|Elitzur Netanya]] represents the city in the first tier of Israeli basketball. In handball, the city is represented by [[Hapoel Netanya (handball)|Hapoel Netanya]] in the 2nd tier of the Israeli handball. In baseball, the city was represented by the [[Netanya Tigers]] of the [[Israel Baseball League]]. As part of the "Netanya – city of sport" program the [[beach soccer]] stadium was established and it currently hosts Israeli championship and international "Diamond tournament" games. |
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Aside from the professional |
Aside from the professional sports teams, Maccabi Netanya also has a boxing and fencing club while Hapoel Netanya has judo and gymnastic clubs, and [[Maccabi Elitzur Netanya B.C.|Elitzur Netanya]] has a lacrosse club. |
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The founder of [[Krav Maga]], [[Imi Lichtenfeld]] opened a sports academy in Netanya for the continuation of his way and his martial art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wingatekravmaga.com/imi-lichtenfeld/ |title=Imi Lichtenfeld |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028132445/http://www.wingatekravmaga.com/imi-lichtenfeld/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Netanya offers youth programs for many sports, specifically Israel Lacrosse holds substantial youth lacrosse programs in the city teaching children about the sport and giving them the opportunity to play against other youth lacrosse programs in Israel. |
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The founder of [[Krav Maga]], [[Imi Lichtenfeld]] opened a sports academy in Netanya for the continuation of his way and his martial art.<ref>http://www.wingatekravmaga.com/imi-lichtenfeld/</ref> |
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Netanya is also the home of paragliding in Israel. The moderate cliffs plus a stiff offshore breeze provide an ideal environment for safe and fun comfortable paragliding. Gliders are often seen cruising high above the beach, just along the cliff line. |
Netanya is also the home of paragliding in Israel. The moderate cliffs plus a stiff offshore breeze provide an ideal environment for safe and fun comfortable paragliding. Gliders are often seen cruising high above the beach, just along the cliff line. |
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Netanya was scheduled to host the [[2015 European Short Course Swimming Championships]] in December. The venue of the event was to be the brand-new swimming complex of the [[Wingate Institute]]. The new complex at the Wingate Institute features an Olympic-size pool with 10 lanes and 3m depth, backed by the latest built-in filtration systems, an 8-lane 50m pool and a 6-lane 25m pool.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.len.eu/Press/LEN%20PR10-14%20EC%20Short%20Course%202015.aspx |title=LEN – LEN PR10-14 EC Short Course 2015 |access-date=2015-03-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103240/http://www.len.eu/Press/LEN%20PR10-14%20EC%20Short%20Course%202015.aspx |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.swimmersdaily.com/2014/08/04/len-moves-2015-short-course-europeans-to-december/ |title=LEN moves 2015 Short Course Europeans to December |date=August 4, 2014 |access-date=March 18, 2015 |archive-date=July 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704154708/http://www.swimmersdaily.com/2014/08/04/len-moves-2015-short-course-europeans-to-december/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Netanya hosted the [[2018 World Lacrosse Championship|World Lacrosse Championship]] tournament on July 12–21, 2018, thus making Israel the first country to host such where English is not the primary spoken language. Forty-six nations from around the world sent teams.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://filacrosse.com/israel-to-host-2018-fil-mens-lacrosse-world-championship/ |title=Israel to Host 2018 FIL Men's Lacrosse World Championship |publisher=Federation of International Lacrosse |date=23 May 2017 |access-date=June 1, 2018 |archive-date=July 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162146/https://filacrosse.com/israel-to-host-2018-fil-mens-lacrosse-world-championship/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The city hosted the 2021 [[FINA Junior Water Polo World Championships]].<ref>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1113997/2021-fina-world-womens-junior-water-polo Russia after fourth title at FINA World Women's Junior Water Polo Championship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107092951/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1113997/2021-fina-world-womens-junior-water-polo |date=November 7, 2021 }} Owen Lloyd ([[Inside the Games]]), 9 October 2021. Accessed 7 November 2021.</ref> |
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==Urban development== |
==Urban development== |
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[[File: |
[[File:Natanjap099.jpg|thumb|Beach promenade]] |
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Several of the [[List of tallest buildings in Israel|tallest buildings in Israel]] are located in Netanya. The construction of eight new skyscrapers, six of them over 30 stories, was approved in 2011. Dozens of 40–42-story skyscrapers have been planned, many of them along the shore.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4070866,00.html |title=mynet נתניה – קפיצה לגובה: שמונה גורדי שחקים יוקמו בנתניה |publisher=Mynet.co.il |access-date=March 26, 2013 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215000/http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4070866,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.l-y.co.il/LY/Content/HomePage/Info/Articles/NadlanArticle/Article,325.aspx |title=של מי יותר גבוה|access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319135251/http://www.l-y.co.il/LY/Content/HomePage/Info/Articles/NadlanArticle/Article,325.aspx |archive-date=March 19, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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Netanya is developing according to master plans for 2035 which seek to massively increase residential units and office space in the city, as well as a new marina and piers. As part of the plan, the intention of the municipality is for the city's population to reach 320,000 by 2035.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1598&ArticleID=2392 |title=Netanya 2035 Metropolitan Core Outline Plan |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010555/https://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1598&ArticleID=2392 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Currently, there are plans to make Netanya a major tourist hub, both to Israelis and European tourists, by turning the city's coastline into an "Israeli Riviera", with multiple development projects planned for the city's shore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/1,7340,L-3928867,00.html |title=Netanya mayor dreams of Israeli Riviera – Israel Business, Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date=June 20, 1995 |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}</ref> Among the projects planned is to clear a landfill containing 2.5 million cubic meters of waste, and redevelop the area into a residential and hotel area of 2,062 housing units and 1,100 hotel rooms, while most of the area will be left as open space, as part of the city's goal to go from 56 to 70 percent open space. The plan is expected to attract more residents to the city, expand hotel development, and increase the iris reserve areas, as well as the number of gardens, and green spaces.<ref>{{cite web|last=Udasin |first=Sharon |url=http://www.jpost.com/Sci-Tech/Article.aspx?id=298234 |title=Netanya landfill to be developed into housing units | JPost | Israel News |publisher=JPost |date= |accessdate=March 26, 2013}}</ref> |
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The city seeks to become a major tourist hub for local and overseas tourism, with an "Israeli Riviera" on the shore.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/1,7340,L-3928867,00.html |title=Netanya mayor dreams of Israeli Riviera – Israel Business, Ynetnews |newspaper=Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date=June 20, 1995 |access-date=March 12, 2013 |archive-date=October 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018072448/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/1,7340,L-3928867,00.html |url-status=live|last1=Sasson-Ezer |first1=Shirly }}</ref> Among the projects planned in 2013 was the construction of 2,062 housing units and 1,100 hotel rooms while leaving much of the land as open space. The city has set itself a goal to expand open space from 56 to 70 percent. The plan is expected to attract more residents, boost hotel development, and increase the number of gardens and green spaces.<ref>{{cite web |last=Udasin |first=Sharon |url=http://www.jpost.com/Sci-Tech/Article.aspx?id=298234 |title=Netanya landfill to be developed into housing units | JPost | Israel News |date=January 3, 2013 |publisher=JPost |access-date=March 26, 2013 |archive-date=March 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317011729/http://www.jpost.com/Sci-Tech/Article.aspx?id=298234 |url-status=live}}</ref> It has been suggested that as the city's population expands, a [[light rail]] system may be built there in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://netanya.mynet.co.il/local_news/article/m_393471 |title=דרישה בנתניה: קו רכבת קלה עד לתחנות בית יהושע וספיר |date=July 15, 2019 |website=mynetnetanya |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203222036/https://netanya.mynet.co.il/local_news/article/m_393471 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://netanyanet.co.il/חדשות-נתניה/חדשות-מקומיות/6375-רכבת-קלה |title=האם תוקם רכבת קלה בנתניה? |first=נתניה |last=נט |website=netanyanet.co.il |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126093633/https://netanyanet.co.il/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA/6375-%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA-%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%94 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==International Relations== |
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==Twin towns – sister cities== |
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel}} |
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel}} |
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Netanya is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=ערים תאומות |url=https://www.netanya.muni.il/?CategoryID=2103 |website=netanya.muni.il |publisher=Netanya |language=he |access-date=2020-02-24 |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217204401/https://www.netanya.muni.il/?CategoryID=2103 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ჩვენი ქალაქი – დამეგობრებული ქალაქები |url=https://batumi.ge/ge/?page=show&sec=5 |website=batumi.ge |publisher=Batumi |language=ka |access-date=2020-02-24 |archive-date=October 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031040715/https://batumi.ge/ge/?page=show&sec=5 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}} |
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*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Batumi]], Georgia |
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*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Bournemouth]], United Kingdom |
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*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Como]], Italy |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Dortmund]], Germany |
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*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Gelendzhik]], Russia |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Giessen]], Germany |
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*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], Australia |
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*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nice]], France |
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*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Nowy Sącz]], Poland |
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*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Poděbrady]], Czech Republic |
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*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sarcelles]], France |
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*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Siófok]], Hungary |
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*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Stavanger]], Norway |
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*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Sunny Isles Beach, Florida|Sunny Isles Beach]], United States |
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*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Xiamen]], China |
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{{div col end}} |
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==Notable people== |
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[[File:Yarden Gerbi.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Yarden Gerbi]]]] |
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===Twin towns — Sister cities=== |
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[[File:Sagi Muki 1.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sagi Muki]]]] |
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Netanya is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref name="Netanya twinnings"/> |
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[[File:Or Sasson - Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Or Sasson]]]] |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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[[File:Admor sitting with bekashe.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam]]]] |
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|- valign="top" |
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*[[Linor Abargil]] (born 1980), [[Miss World 1998]] |
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| |
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*[[Eduard Akuvaev]] (1945–2015), Russian-Israeli artist |
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*[[Acapulco]] in Mexico |
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*[[Tova Ascher]], Israeli film editor, director, and screenwriter |
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* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bournemouth]] in United Kingdom<ref name="Dorset twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.twinning.org.uk/main.htm|title=Dorset Twinning Association List|accessdate=August 1, 2013|work=The Dorset Twinning Association|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120621101744/http://www.twinning.org.uk/main.htm|archivedate=June 21, 2013}}</ref> |
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*[[Yityish Titi Aynaw]] (born 1991), Miss Israel 2013 |
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*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]] in [[Ohio]], United States <small>''(since 2000)''</small> |
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*[[Orit Bar-On]] (born 1975), Olympic judoka |
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*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Como]] in Italy |
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*[[Yehuda Barkan]] (1945–2020), actor and filmmaker |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Dortmund]] in Germany<ref name="RuhrTwins2010"/> |
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*[[Edith Hahn Beer]] (1914–2009), Austrian Jewish woman who survived the Holocaust by hiding her Jewish identity and marrying a Nazi officer |
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*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Gießen]] in Germany<ref name="Giessen twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.giessen.de/Rathaus_und_Service/Stadtinformationen/St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften/|title=Gießen: Städtepartnerschaften|trans_title=Giessen: Twin towns|publisher=Stadt Gießen|accessdate=August 1, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413071750/http://giessen.de/Rathaus_und_Service/Stadtinformationen/St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften/ |archivedate =April 13, 2013|language=German}}</ref> |
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*[[Cheryl Bentov]] (born 1960), American real estate agent and former Israeli Mossad agent |
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*[[Maya Bouskilla]] (born 1977), Moroccan-Israeli singer |
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*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] in Queensland, Australia |
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*[[Noah Brosch]] (born 1948), astronomer, astrophysicist and space researcher |
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*{{flagicon|ROM}} [[Iaşi]] in [[Romania]] |
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*[[Yonatan Chetboun|Yonatan "Yoni" Chetboun]] (born 1979), member of the Knesset |
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*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nice]] in France<ref name="Nice Jumellage">{{cite web | url =http://www.nice.fr/Collectivites/La-municipalite/Villes-jumelees-avec-la-Ville-de-Nice | title = Villes jumelées avec la Ville de Nice | accessdate = June 24, 2013 | publisher = Ville de Nice | language = French}}</ref> |
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* [[Eli Dasa]] (born 1992), footballer for [[FC Dynamo Moscow|Dynamo Moscow]] and the [[Israel national football team|Israel national team]] |
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*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Nowy Sącz]] in Poland <ref name="Nowy Sącz twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.nowysacz.pl/miasta_partnerskie|title=Miasta partnerskie i zaprzyjaźnione Nowego Sącza|accessdate = August 1, 2013|work=Urząd Miasta Nowego Sącza|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523172036/http://www.nowysacz.pl/miasta_partnerskie|archivedate=May 23, 2013}}</ref> |
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* [[Artem Dolgopyat]] (born 1997), Olympic champion and world champion gymnast |
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*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sarcelles]] in France |
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*[[Jacko Eisenberg]] (born 1980), singer |
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*[[Eva Fabian]] (born 1993), American-Israeli world champion swimmer |
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*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Siófok]] in Hungary |
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*[[Eli Finish]] (born 1975), actor and comedian |
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*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Stavanger]] in Norway |
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*[[Yarden Gerbi]] (born 1989), world champion and Olympic bronze medalist judoka |
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*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Sunny Isles Beach, Florida|Sunny Isles Beach]] in [[Florida]], United States |
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*[[Haim Gidon]], martial artist |
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*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]] in Spain |
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*[[Moshe Glam]] (born 1968), football player |
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|} |
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*[[Ageze Guadie]] (born 1989), Olympic marathon runner |
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*[[Nadav Guedj]] (born 1998), Israeli [[2015 Eurovision Song Contest]] entrant |
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*[[Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam]] (1905–1994), [[Klausenburg (Hasidic dynasty)|Klausenburger]] [[Rebbe]] |
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*[[Zvi Elimelech Halberstam]] (born 1952), [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sanzer]] Rebbe |
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*[[Yitzhak Harel|Yitzhak "Haki" Harel]] (born 1957), civil servant and army general |
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*[[Mariano Idelman]] (born 1974), actor and comedian |
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*[[Silvi Jan]] (born 1973), female professional and Israeli team footballer |
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*[[Deniz Khazaniuk]] (born 1994), tennis player |
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*[[Baruch Kimmerling]] (1939–2007), scholar and professor of sociology |
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*[[Moti Kirschenbaum]] (1939–2015), television presenter and filmmaker |
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*[[Elad Koren]] (born 1968), former professional footballer |
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*[[Aliza Lavie]] (born 1964), academic and politician |
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*[[David Levin (ice hockey)|David Levin]] (born 1999), ice hockey player |
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*[[Ronny Levy]] (born 1966), football player and now a manager |
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*[[Imi Lichtenfeld]] (1910–1998), martial artist, founded [[Krav Maga]] |
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*[[Nili Lotan]], Israeli-American fashion designer |
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*[[Oded Machnes]] (born 1956), football player |
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*[[Yossi Malka]], professional football player |
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*[[Tesama Moogas]] (born 1988), Olympic marathon runner |
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*[[Sagi Muki]] (born 1992), Olympian and world champion judoka |
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*[[Andrea Murez]] (born 1992), Israeli–American Olympic swimmer for Israel |
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*[[Amos Neheysi]] (born 1979), former football player |
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*[[Gabi Packer]] (born 1969), former football player |
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*[[Romi Paritzki]] (born 2004), world champion rhythmic gymnast |
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*[[Or Sasson]] (born 1990), Olympic bronze medalist judoka |
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*[[Stav Shaffir]], activist, journalist, and politician |
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*[[Arik Shivek]], basketball coach |
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*[[Mordechai Spiegler]] (born 1944), football player |
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*[[Shiraz Tal]] (born 1974), model |
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*[[Shalom Tikva]] (born 1965), football player |
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*[[Margalit Tzan'ani]] (born 1948), singer |
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*[[Meir Wieseltier]] (born 1941), poet |
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*[[Ehud Yatom]] (born 1948), Shin Bet agent and Knesset member |
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*[[Ron Yosef]] (born 1974), openly gay [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] [[rabbi]] |
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*[[Avi Alfasi]] (born 1980), former Israeli football player |
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==Gallery== |
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==Notable residents== |
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<gallery> |
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[[File:Maya buskila.JPG|thumb|right|upright|[[Maya Buskila]]]] |
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File:VIEW OF ZION SQUARE IN NETANYA. כיכר ציון בנתניה.D25-071.jpg|Zion Square, Netanya, 1939 |
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[[File:Admor sitting with bekashe.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam]]]] |
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File:PikiWiki Israel 475 NETANYA GAN HAMELECH גן המלך.jpg|Gan Hamelech, 1940 |
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* [[Linor Abargil]], Miss Israel World 1998, Miss World 1998 |
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File:נתניה - מראה-JNF025863.jpeg|Netanya 1947 |
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* [[Yityish Titi Aynaw]], Miss Israel 2013 |
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File:Umm Khalid 1949.jpg|Netanya 1939 1:20,000 |
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* [[Yehuda Barkan]], actor and filmmaker |
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File:Umm Khalid 1945.jpg|Netanya 1945 1:250,000 |
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* [[Edith Hahn Beer]], Austrian Jewish woman who survived the Holocaust by hiding her Jewish identity and marrying a Nazi officer |
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</gallery> |
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* [[Cheryl Bentov]], American real estate agent and former Israeli Mossad agent |
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* [[Noah Brosch]], Israeli astronomer, astrophysicist and space researcher |
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* [[Maya Buskila]], singer |
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* Julo Cesar Rocha (Master Krav Maga), Brazilian |
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* [[Yonatan Chetboun|Yonatan "Yoni" Chetboun]], member of the Knesset |
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* [[Jacko Eisenberg]], singer |
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* [[Eli Finish]], actor and comedian |
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* [[Yarden Gerbi]], world champion judoka |
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* [[Moshe Glam]], football player |
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* [[Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam]], [[Klausenburg (Hasidic dynasty)|Klausenburger]] [[Rebbe]] |
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* [[Zvi Elimelech Halberstam]], [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sanzer]] Rebbe |
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* Aluf [[Yitzhak Harel|Yitzhak "Haki" Harel]], CEO of Israel Railways and former Major General in the Israel Defense Forces |
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* [[Mariano Idelman]], actor and comedian |
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* [[Baruch Kimmerling]], scholar and professor of sociology |
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* [[Moti Kirschenbaum]], television presenter and filmmaker |
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* Dr. [[Aliza Lavie]], academic and politician |
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* [[Ronny Levy]], football manager |
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* [[Imi Lichtenfeld]], martial artist, founded [[Krav Maga]] |
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* [[Haim Gidon]], martial artist, successor of [[Imi Lichtenfeld]], highest ranked Krav Maga practitioner in the World |
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* [[Nili Lotan]], Israeli-American fashion designer |
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* [[Oded Machnes]], football player |
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* [[Stav Shaffir]], activist, journalist, and politician |
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* [[Mairav Shamir|Mairav "Mae" Shamir]], Israeli-American professional and Israeli team soccer goalkeeper |
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* [[Arik Shivek]], basketball coach |
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* [[Mordechai Spiegler]], football player |
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* [[Daniel Spivak]], professional ice hockey player |
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* [[Shiraz Tal]], model |
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* [[Margalit Tzan'ani]], singer |
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* [[Avi Weinroth]], lawyer and lecturer |
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* [[Meir Wieseltier]], poet |
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* [[Ehud Yatom]], Shin Bet agent and Israeli Knesset member |
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* [[Ron Yosef]] (b. 1974), openly [[gay]] [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] [[rabbi]] |
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==See also== |
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{{clear}} |
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*[[List of Netanya neighborhoods]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{cleanup-bare URLs|date=June 2014}} |
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= |
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= |
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<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1617 |title=History |access-date=April 6, 2008 |archive-date=July 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714203218/https://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1617 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name="cbs populations">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2010/table3.pdf|publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]|title=Table 3 – Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population|date=June 30, 2010|accessdate=October 30, 2010}}</ref> |
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<ref name="density">{{cite web |url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_15&CYear=2007 |title=Population Density |access-date=April 6, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124163200/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_15&CYear=2007 |archive-date=November 24, 2007 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name="profile">{{cite web|url=http://duns100.dundb.co.il/2007/600584833/index.asp |title=Municipality of Netanya |accessdate=April 5, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="origin">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_23x&CYear=2007 |title=Origins |access-date=April 6, 2008 |archive-date=November 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124163403/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_23x&CYear=2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name="cbs-ethiopian">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2009n/11_09_252b.pdf |title=Press Release – The Ethiopian Community in Israel |publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]] |date=November 15, 2009 |access-date=December 18, 2010 |language=he |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113172224/http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2009n/11_09_252b.pdf |archive-date=November 13, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<ref name="density">{{cite web |url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_15&CYear=2007 |title=Population Density |accessdate=April 6, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Shay Li">{{cite web |url=http://www.monitshay.com/index.asp |title=The official website of Shay Li service taxis with routes and timetables |access-date=November 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218150046/http://www.monitshay.com/index.asp |archive-date=December 18, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name="origin">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_23x&CYear=2007 |title=Origins |accessdate=April 6, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="rail">{{cite web |url=http://www.israrail.org.il/english |title=Israel Railways' schedule |access-date=November 19, 2008 |publisher=[[Israel Railways]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822010053/http://www.israrail.org.il/english <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=August 22, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="museums">{{cite web |url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1720 |title=Museums and Galleries |access-date=April 7, 2008 |archive-date=December 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220201646/http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1720 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="muni-education">{{cite web |url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1641 |title=Education |access-date=April 6, 2008 |archive-date=December 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220234015/http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1641 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="muni-highereducation">{{cite web |url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1645 |title=Higher Education |access-date=April 7, 2008 |archive-date=December 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220234037/http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1645 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Holocaust Train">{{cite web |url=http://israel21c.org/nostalgia-israel/train-car/ |title=Netanya the last stop for Holocaust train car |date=January 26, 2014 |access-date=April 29, 2014 |archive-date=April 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430073414/http://israel21c.org/nostalgia-israel/train-car/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name="muni-education">{{cite web |url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1641 |title=Education |accessdate=April 6, 2008}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="Victory Monument">{{cite web |url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/andarta2.pdf |title=The site of the Memorial p. 10 |access-date=April 29, 2014 |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023072451/http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/andarta2.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Netanya twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/eng/?CategoryID=1779|title=Netanya – Twin Cities|accessdate=August 1, 2013|work=Netanya Municipality|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201094809/http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/?CategoryID=1779|archivedate=February 1, 2013}}</ref> |
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<ref name="RuhrTwins2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd|title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District|publisher=}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Holocaust Train">{{cite web|url=http://israel21c.org/nostalgia-israel/train-car/|title=Netanya the last stop for Holocaust train car|date=January 26, 2014|accessdate=April 29, 2014}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Victory Monument">{{cite web|url=http://www.netanya.muni.il/Eng/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/andarta2.pdf|title=The site of the Memorial p. 10|accessdate=April 29, 2014}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nowy Sącz">{{cite web |url=http://www.nowysacz.pl/?p=1&p2=167&main=inc-miastapar |title=''Nowy Sącz – Partner Cities'' |date=2008 |publisher=Urząd Miasta Nowego Sącza, Rynek 1, 33–300 Nowy Sącz |access-date=August 3, 2009}}</ref>--> |
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*[https://www.netanya.muni.il/en/Pages/default.aspx Official website] {{in lang|en}} |
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* |
*[http://www.netanya.muni.il Official website] {{in lang|he}} |
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* |
*[http://www.arzaworld.com/israel-travel-guide/israel-travel-destinations/netanya.aspx Things to do in Netanya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024231920/https://arzaworld.com/israel-travel-guide/israel-travel-destinations/netanya.aspx |date=October 24, 2018 }} |
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* |
*[http://www.govisitisrael.com/netanya/169/ Places To Visit in Netanya] |
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* |
*[https://gonetanya.com/?lang=en Go Netanya] Netanya Association for Tourism |
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* |
*[http://netanya-israel-blog.blogspot.com Other information, in French] |
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*[http://www.inisrael.com/netanya/index.html Tourism site] |
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* |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002805/http://surf-israel.com/tag/netanya/ Surfing in Netanya] |
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* |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110418014334/http://www.7winds.co.il/eng/index.php?p=tandems Tandem Paragliding Netanya] |
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*[http://primo.nli.org.il/primo-explore/search?query=any,contains,%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%20MAP&tab=default_tab&search_scope=Local&sortby=lso01&vid=NLI&mfacet=rtype,include,Maps,1&mfacet=tlevel,include,online_resources,1&mfacet=topic,include,Netanya%20(Israel),2&lang=iw_IL&offset=0&came_from=sort Historic scanned maps] of Netanya, 1937–1966, from the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The [[National Library of Israel]] |
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{{Center District (Israel)}} |
{{Center District (Israel)}} |
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{{Largest Israeli cities}} |
{{Largest Israeli cities}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1928]] |
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[[Category:Netanya| ]] |
[[Category:Netanya| ]] |
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1929]] |
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[[Category:French-Jewish culture in Israel]] |
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[[Category:Sharon plain]] |
[[Category:Sharon plain]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Central District (Israel)]] |
[[Category:Cities in Central District (Israel)]] |
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[[Category:1929 establishments in Mandatory Palestine]] |
Latest revision as of 15:26, 6 January 2025
Netanya
נְתַנְיָה | |
---|---|
Hebrew transcription(s) | |
• ISO 259 | Netanya |
Coordinates: 32°19′43″N 34°51′24″E / 32.32861°N 34.85667°E | |
Country | Israel |
District | Central |
Founded | February 18, 1929 |
Government | |
• Mayor | Miriam Feirberg Ikar |
Area | |
• Total | 34,750 dunams (34.75 km2 or 13.42 sq mi) |
Population (2022)[1] | |
• Total | 232,354 |
• Density | 6,700/km2 (17,000/sq mi) |
Ethnicity | |
• Jews | 88.0% |
• Arabs | 0.3% |
• Others | 11.7% |
Name meaning | Named after Nathan Straus |
Netanya (also Natanya, Hebrew: נְתַנְיָה) is a city in the Northern Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 km (18.6 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (34.8 mi) south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north. Some of its expansion and suburbs are located on the land of the depopulated village of Umm Khaled.
Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. The city's 14 km (8.7 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort.
In 2022, Netanya had a population of 233,104,[1] making it the 7th-largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within 10 km (6 mi) of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor is Miriam Feirberg.
History
[edit]Before the 20th century, parts of Netanya belonged to the Forest of Sharon, a hallmark of the region's historical landscape. It was an open woodland dominated by Mount Tabor Oak (Quercus ithaburensis), which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra'anana in the south. Arabs who lived in the area used it for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the coastal plain during the 19th century led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation known from Hebrew sources.[2]
Netanya was established near the ancient site of Poleg by the Bnei Binyamin association in Zikhron Ya'akov.[3] It was named in honor of Nathan (Hebrew: Natan) Straus (1848–1931),[4][5] co-owner of Macy's department store,[6] New York City Parks Commissioner, and president of the New York City Board of Health,[7] who gifted two-thirds of his personal fortune to projects benefiting Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine.[5][7][8] "Netanya...was named for Straus in the hope he would donate money to them. When he told them he had no more money to give they were disappointed, but decided to keep the city's name anyway."[9][10]
The funds for the project of building Netanya were raised by Itamar Ben-Avi and Oved Ben-Ami, who embarked on a fundraising trip to the United States to raise the money. In 1928 members of Bnei Binyamin and Hanotea, an organisation set up after Straus was informed of the establishment of the settlement, purchased 350 acres (1.4 km2) of Umm Khaled lands.[3] On December 14, 1928, a team led by Moshe Shaked began digging for water at the site. After water was discovered in February 1929, the first five settlers moved onto the land. In the weeks that followed, more settlers began arriving. Development was set back due to the 1929 Palestine riots and massacre of Jews. By September, however, development was back on track with the cornerstones for the first 10 houses being laid on Sukkot.[3]
The first kindergarten opened in 1930 and the first school in 1931. In the 1931 census of Palestine, Netanya was recorded as having 253 residents. In 1933, the British architect Clifford Holliday drew up a plan for Netanya as a tourist resort. Holliday also designed urban projects in Jaffa, Tiberias, Lydda and Ramla.[11] The first urban plan divided the city into three sections with a tourism district along the coastline, housing, farms and commerce in the center, and agriculture and industry to the east. That year also saw the completion of the Tel Aviv Hotel, the first hotel in Netanya, as well as the establishment of two new neighborhoods, Ben Zion and Geva.[3]
In 1934, the first Aliyah Bet ship brought 350 immigrants to Netanya's shoreline, followed by more than seventeen more ships by 1939. In 1934, the Primazon factory opened there, producing fruit and vegetable preserves. An industrial zone was established, and the first synagogue and school was built.[3]
In 1937 the cornerstone was laid for a new commercial center and the connection of Netanya to the Tel Aviv-Haifa road. In 1939, the Ophir diamond polishing plant, the first diamond polishing plant in Palestine, was opened by Asher Daskall and Zvi Rosenberg.[12][13] In 1940, the British Mandate government defined Netanya as a local council of which Oved Ben-Ami was elected head.[3] In 1944, Netanya had a population of 4,900. The first high school in Netanya opened in 1945.
During the Jewish insurgency in Palestine, the Jewish underground group Irgun launched several attacks against British military and police forces in the Netanya area. The town itself was a bastion of support for the Irgun. The most infamous incident happened in July 1947, in what became known as the Sergeants affair. After three Irgun fighters had been sentenced to death by the British, the Irgun abducted two British sergeants on a Netanya street, and hid them in an abandoned factory. The British responded by declaring martial law and placing Netanya and the surrounding area under curfew. The British Army searched the town and interrogated residents, but did not find the sergeants. After the three Irgun fighters were hanged, the Irgun hanged the two sergeants in the factory and re-hanged and booby-trapped their bodies in an orange grove.[14]
In November 1947, an Egged bus driving from Netanya to Jerusalem was attacked in Petah Tikva. In 1948, following the withdrawal of British forces from Netanya and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, a large military base was established in the city.
On December 3, 1948, Netanya was declared a city in the newly established State of Israel.[3] Ramat Tiomkin, Ein Hatchlelet, Pardes Hagdud, and Ramat Ephraim were annexed to Netanya. At this time, Netanya had a population of 11,600.[15]
The Kiryat Eliezer Kaplan Industrial Zone was inaugurated in 1949 and Neve Itamar, founded in 1944, was annexed to Netanya.[16][17]Netanya railway station opened in 1953.
With Israel experiencing a wave of Jewish immigration from Europe, elsewhere in the Middle East, and North Africa, Netanya's population expanded. In the years following independence, approximately 14,000 Libyan Jewish immigrants settled in Netanya.[18] The population reached 31,000 in 1955. To accommodate the influx of newcomers, the Israeli Housing Ministry built housing units of 50 square meters.[15] The cornerstone of Kiryat Sanz, a religious neighborhood was laid in 1956. The first stock exchange built in Israel was built in Netanya.[3] By 1961, the city's population had grown to 41,300.
During the Six-Day War in 1967, Netanya was hit by Jordanian artillery, and Jordanian planes made sorties near Netanya, but failed to cause major damage. A lone Iraqi bomber attacked Netanya, dropping several bombs which damaged a factory and caused some casualties, shortly before being shot down. In 1972, Netanya had a population of 71,100.
In the 1990s, large numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union settled in Netanya, greatly expanding the city's population and resulting in large-scale housing construction.[15]
Netanya suffered from several Palestinian bombings during the Second Intifada, including the Netanya Market bombing and, in the same month, the Passover massacre which caused the death of 29 people.[19] Such attacks were cited as justification for the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier which has proved effective in stemming suicide attacks.[20]
In the 2000s and 2010s, Netanya became one of the primary destinations of French Jewish aliyah. Thousands of French immigrants settled in Netanya, influencing the local culture.[21]
Demographics
[edit]Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1929 | 5 | — |
1931 | 100 | +347.21% |
1948 | 11,600 | +32.26% |
1955 | 31,000 | +15.08% |
1961 | 41,300 | +4.90% |
1972 | 71,100 | +5.06% |
1983 | 102,300 | +3.36% |
1995 | 146,100 | +3.01% |
2008 | 179,000 | +1.57% |
2012 | 192,200 | +1.79% |
2015 | 207,946 | +2.66% |
[3][22] |
In 2022, Netanya was home to 233,104 people. The population density of the city is 7,115 per square kilometer.[22] The population is expected to be around 320,000 in 2035.[23] According to a 2001 survey by the CBS, 99.9% of the population are Jewish and other non-Arabs. In 2001 alone, the city became home to 1,546 immigrants. According to CBS, in 2001 there were 78,800 males and 84,900 females with the population of the city being spread out, with 31.1% 19 years of age or younger, 15.3% between 20 and 29, 17.2% between 30 and 44, 17.4% from 45 to 59, 4.2% from 60 to 64, and 14.9% 65 years of age or older.
In terms of the origin of Netanya's residents, 63,800 originate from Europe and America, 30,200 from North Africa, 18,100 from Asia, 10,500 from Ethiopia and 38,100 from Israel in 2008. That same year, 90,200 of the residents of Netanya were born in Israel, while 71,300 were born abroad.[24] A significant number of Ethiopian Jews in Israel have settled in Netanya with over 10,500 Ethiopian Jewish residents in the city.[25] Netanya is also the center of the Persian Jewish community of Israel.
As of 2000, the city had 58,897 salaried workers and 4,671 self-employed with the mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city being NIS 4,905, a real change of 8.6% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of NIS 6,217 (a real change of 9.0%) versus NIS 3,603 for females (a real change of 6.8%). The mean income for the self-employed is 6,379. There are 3,293 people who receive unemployment benefits and 14,963 people who receive an income guarantee.
In terms of religion, Netanya is made up approximately of 50% secular Jews. It is also the home of the Sanzer dynasty and has a large Chabad Lubavitch presence.
Economy
[edit]Industry in Netanya is largely divided between two industrial parks.[citation needed] In the south of the city, the newest of these, Pinchas Sapir (KA Poleg), houses the first branch of IKEA in Israel as well as technology companies such as Ceedo.[citation needed] Tourism also plays a major part in Netanya's economy with some 19 hotels in the city having 1,452 rooms.[citation needed]
Geography
[edit]Netanya is located on the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain, the historic land bridge between Europe, Africa, and Asia. The city is the capital of the Sharon plain, a geographic region stretching from the Mediterranean in the west to the Samarian hills in the east, and the modern-day Tel Aviv metropolitan area in the south northwards to Mount Carmel. Although the capital of a densely populated region, Netanya itself is relatively separate from settlements to the north, south, and east, although, over time, growth has incorporated some into what makes up modern-day Netanya.
Apart from some small moshavim and kibbutzim, south of Netanya is relatively clear of settlement until Herzliya and the start of the Gush Dan, Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. Likewise, to the north is clear of large settlement until Hadera, and to the east until Tulkarm in the West Bank. The area to the east of Netanya does, however, have a large concentration of kibbutzim and moshavim in the Hefer Valley Regional Council and local councils of Kfar Yona, Kadima-Tzoran and Even Yehuda.
Netanya itself is divided into a large number of neighborhoods (see Neighborhoods of Netanya), recently growing southwards out of the city to create several high-end coastal neighborhoods with industrial areas inland. Netanya is home to the Poleg nature reserve and the Irises Dora Rainpool nature park containing the world's largest population of iris atropurpurea.[26][27] At the center of the park is a rainpool which fills up with water in the winter months, and dries up over the summer months. Signs along the rain pool include information on the types of flora and fauna that populate the ecosystem.
Neighborhoods
[edit]Kiryat Sanz
[edit]In 1956, a beachfront in northern Netanya was selected as a home base for the Sanzer Hasidim by its leader, Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam. Halberstam established kindergartens, boys' and girls' schools, yeshivas, seminaries, synagogues, a children's home for orphaned and needy girls,[28] an old-age home, and a hospital. In addition to religious services, Kiryat Sanz had a diamond polishing factory built by a New York diamond merchant.[29] Halberstam established his court here in 1960.[30] Following his death in 1994, his eldest son, Rabbi Zvi Elimelech Halberstam, known as the Sanzer Rebbe, became the spiritual leader of the Sanz community in Israel.[31] In 2010, Kiryat Sanz had a population of approximately 1000 families.[32] Most of the older generation are Holocaust survivors.[33] Besides its educational facilities for boys and girls from elementary to post-graduate,[34] there are five synagogues, a mikveh, a printing house,[35] a religious hotel, a religious nursing school, and the Laniado Hospital,[32] which encompasses two medical centers, a children's hospital, a geriatric center and a nursing school, serving a regional population of over 450,000.[36]
Other neighbourhoods
[edit]- Neot Herzl
Located in the center of Netanya, near the Netanya interchange. It is a unification of four neighborhoods: Shikkun Sela, Gan Beracha, Amidar and Ramat Herzl. The neighborhood, like the main street of the city that runs nearby, was named after Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl. The old settlement of Umm Khalid is also located in this neighborhood.
- Tobruk
Lies west of the Ramat Hen neighborhood. The neighborhood was established during the Second World War and is named after the port city of Tobruk in Libya. It used to be a center of Diamond cutting. In 1947, two British Army Sergeants were hanged in the inactive "Feldman" diamond polishing plant in this neighborhood.
- Nof Hatayelet
A comparably new neighborhood, established in 2000, along the cliff promenade, south of the "Carmel" hotel. A paragliding site is located near the neighborhood.
- Ein Hatkhelet
A neighborhood of about 2,500 residents located in the north of Netanya, on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea near Avihayil. Ein Hatkhelet was established as a working-class neighborhood in Emek Hefer in 1936. In 1948 it became part of the city of Netanya.
- Ramat Ephraim
Named after Ephraim Aaronsohn . Part of it is the Moshav Ramat Tiomkin which was established in 1932 and over time was incorporated into Netanya. The moshav was founded by the people of Betar, and a Kvutza named Menorah . It was named after Ze'ev Vladimir Tiomkin .
- Ramat Chen
One of the southern neighborhoods of the city, near Gesher HaAchdut. Previously called Pagi neighborhood, since it was founded by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (Pagi is the Hebrew acronym of it).
- Neot Ganim
Previously called "Shikkun Vatikim", this neighborhood is one of the first neighborhoods in the city and it was established in the location of the city's immigrant camp used to be. At its southern end is the cemetery of the city of Netanya.
- Neve Itamar
The neighborhood was established in 1944 as an independent settlement and was annexed to Netanya in 1949. It is named after Itamar Ben-Avi, who has been an important figure in the story of the establishment of Netanya.
- Ramat Poleg
Ramat Poleg is an old neighborhood in Netanya, Israel, built in the late 1970s. It is the most southern neighborhood in Netanya. Ramat Poleg is an economically stable neighborhood with a rich culture and many sports activities.
- Ir Yamim
Established in 2006. This neighborhood is located along the shoreline at the southern part of Netanya. The neighborhood borders Ramat Poleg (to its south) and the Irus reserve (to its north).
- Agamim
Established in 2013, and still in construction. It is located next to the Vernal pool of Netanya. The neighborhood is divided into three sections, A B & C. Section C is currently in construction (as of October 2023).
Transportation
[edit]The public transportation in Netanya is based on buses, railways and service taxis.
Train
[edit]The Netanya railway station is located near the city center, on the east side of Highway 2. Netanya Sapir railway station is located in the Poleg Industrial Area. Beit Yehoshua railway station, located in the moshav of Beit Yehoshua, immediately south of Netanya, is convenient for getting to southern Netanya and to the Poleg Industrial Area. These stations are connected to the city by Egged bus service, although Shay Li service taxis are highly predominant at the Beit Yehoshua station.[37] There are direct trains from Netanya and Beit Yehoshua to Tel Aviv, Binyamina, Hadera, Herzliya, Lod, Rehovot, Ashdod, Ashkelon and other towns. All Israel Railways stations, including Ben Gurion Airport, can be accessed from Netanya by means of transfer stations such as Binyamina and Tel Aviv.[38]
Bus
[edit]Egged buses run from the Netanya central bus station to Jerusalem, Haifa, Eilat and other destinations. Many neighborhoods have a direct connection to Tel Aviv without the need to pass through the central bus station. In addition, many Egged lines connecting Tel Aviv with the north of the country stop at the Netanya Interchange on Highway 2, giving Netanya a direct connection with Nazareth, Tiberias, Kiryat Shmona and many other northern destinations. Metropoline operates bus services to Tel Aviv, Bnei Brak and the surrounding communities, including the city of Hadera. Some regional lines are still operated by Egged. The intracity transportation is based on Egged Ta'avura bus lines and Shay Li service taxis.[37]
Culture
[edit]The Well House is a museum documenting the early history of Netanya. It is located in a historic building dating from 1928. Other museums are the Tribes of Israel Pearl Museum of Yemenite Jewish Heritage, the Shlomo Dror Art Institute, and the Diamimon Diamond Museum. The Cliff Gallery, Gosher Gallery, Abecassis Gallery and Fourth Gallery are all located in the city.[39]
War memorials include the Holocaust Train Car,[40] Beit Yad Lebanim, a memorial to fallen IDF soldiers from Netanya, the National Memorial for Fallen Ordnance Corps, the Alexandroni Brigade Memorial, the National Victory Monument, dedicated to the Soviet Red Army victory over Nazi Germany, and the Memorial to Victims of Acts of Terror.[41]
In June 2016, a street in Netanya was named for Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara, who was responsible for saving Lithuanian Jews from Nazi persecution early in World War II by providing visas allowing travel eastwards, beyond the reach of the Third Reich's genocidal grasp.[42]
Education
[edit]According to the Netanya Municipality, the city has 36,544 students including 5,351 pupils in 186 kindergartens, 16,748 in 46 elementary schools, and 14,445 in 16 high schools. Education in the city is controlled by the municipality's Education Administration.[43] 52.7% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate (Bagrut) in 2001.
Netanya Academic College offers Bachelor's and master's degrees, and a unique program for high-school students. Other institutions of higher education in the city are Ort Hermelin College of Engineering, Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Lesley College, and Tesler School for Nursing.[44] The Wingate Institute, Israel's National Centre for Physical Education and Sport, is located just south of the city.
Sports
[edit]The main stadiums in Netanya are the 13,610-seat Netanya Stadium. Netanya has three football teams, the main being Maccabi Netanya, whose main local rival is Beitar Nes Tubruk. The third is Maccabi HaSharon Netanya, though the team has been limited to fourth-tier football in the Liga Bet. Elitzur Netanya represents the city in the first tier of Israeli basketball. In handball, the city is represented by Hapoel Netanya in the 2nd tier of the Israeli handball. In baseball, the city was represented by the Netanya Tigers of the Israel Baseball League. As part of the "Netanya – city of sport" program the beach soccer stadium was established and it currently hosts Israeli championship and international "Diamond tournament" games.
Aside from the professional sports teams, Maccabi Netanya also has a boxing and fencing club while Hapoel Netanya has judo and gymnastic clubs, and Elitzur Netanya has a lacrosse club.
The founder of Krav Maga, Imi Lichtenfeld opened a sports academy in Netanya for the continuation of his way and his martial art.[45]
Netanya is also the home of paragliding in Israel. The moderate cliffs plus a stiff offshore breeze provide an ideal environment for safe and fun comfortable paragliding. Gliders are often seen cruising high above the beach, just along the cliff line.
Netanya was scheduled to host the 2015 European Short Course Swimming Championships in December. The venue of the event was to be the brand-new swimming complex of the Wingate Institute. The new complex at the Wingate Institute features an Olympic-size pool with 10 lanes and 3m depth, backed by the latest built-in filtration systems, an 8-lane 50m pool and a 6-lane 25m pool.[46][47]
Netanya hosted the World Lacrosse Championship tournament on July 12–21, 2018, thus making Israel the first country to host such where English is not the primary spoken language. Forty-six nations from around the world sent teams.[48]
The city hosted the 2021 FINA Junior Water Polo World Championships.[49]
Urban development
[edit]Several of the tallest buildings in Israel are located in Netanya. The construction of eight new skyscrapers, six of them over 30 stories, was approved in 2011. Dozens of 40–42-story skyscrapers have been planned, many of them along the shore.[50][51]
Netanya is developing according to master plans for 2035 which seek to massively increase residential units and office space in the city, as well as a new marina and piers. As part of the plan, the intention of the municipality is for the city's population to reach 320,000 by 2035.[52]
The city seeks to become a major tourist hub for local and overseas tourism, with an "Israeli Riviera" on the shore.[53] Among the projects planned in 2013 was the construction of 2,062 housing units and 1,100 hotel rooms while leaving much of the land as open space. The city has set itself a goal to expand open space from 56 to 70 percent. The plan is expected to attract more residents, boost hotel development, and increase the number of gardens and green spaces.[54] It has been suggested that as the city's population expands, a light rail system may be built there in the future.[55][56]
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]Netanya is twinned with:[57][58]
- Batumi, Georgia
- Bournemouth, United Kingdom
- Como, Italy
- Dortmund, Germany
- Gelendzhik, Russia
- Giessen, Germany
- Gold Coast, Australia
- Nice, France
- Nowy Sącz, Poland
- Poděbrady, Czech Republic
- Sarcelles, France
- Siófok, Hungary
- Stavanger, Norway
- Sunny Isles Beach, United States
- Xiamen, China
Notable people
[edit]- Linor Abargil (born 1980), Miss World 1998
- Eduard Akuvaev (1945–2015), Russian-Israeli artist
- Tova Ascher, Israeli film editor, director, and screenwriter
- Yityish Titi Aynaw (born 1991), Miss Israel 2013
- Orit Bar-On (born 1975), Olympic judoka
- Yehuda Barkan (1945–2020), actor and filmmaker
- Edith Hahn Beer (1914–2009), Austrian Jewish woman who survived the Holocaust by hiding her Jewish identity and marrying a Nazi officer
- Cheryl Bentov (born 1960), American real estate agent and former Israeli Mossad agent
- Maya Bouskilla (born 1977), Moroccan-Israeli singer
- Noah Brosch (born 1948), astronomer, astrophysicist and space researcher
- Yonatan "Yoni" Chetboun (born 1979), member of the Knesset
- Eli Dasa (born 1992), footballer for Dynamo Moscow and the Israel national team
- Artem Dolgopyat (born 1997), Olympic champion and world champion gymnast
- Jacko Eisenberg (born 1980), singer
- Eva Fabian (born 1993), American-Israeli world champion swimmer
- Eli Finish (born 1975), actor and comedian
- Yarden Gerbi (born 1989), world champion and Olympic bronze medalist judoka
- Haim Gidon, martial artist
- Moshe Glam (born 1968), football player
- Ageze Guadie (born 1989), Olympic marathon runner
- Nadav Guedj (born 1998), Israeli 2015 Eurovision Song Contest entrant
- Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam (1905–1994), Klausenburger Rebbe
- Zvi Elimelech Halberstam (born 1952), Sanzer Rebbe
- Yitzhak "Haki" Harel (born 1957), civil servant and army general
- Mariano Idelman (born 1974), actor and comedian
- Silvi Jan (born 1973), female professional and Israeli team footballer
- Deniz Khazaniuk (born 1994), tennis player
- Baruch Kimmerling (1939–2007), scholar and professor of sociology
- Moti Kirschenbaum (1939–2015), television presenter and filmmaker
- Elad Koren (born 1968), former professional footballer
- Aliza Lavie (born 1964), academic and politician
- David Levin (born 1999), ice hockey player
- Ronny Levy (born 1966), football player and now a manager
- Imi Lichtenfeld (1910–1998), martial artist, founded Krav Maga
- Nili Lotan, Israeli-American fashion designer
- Oded Machnes (born 1956), football player
- Yossi Malka, professional football player
- Tesama Moogas (born 1988), Olympic marathon runner
- Sagi Muki (born 1992), Olympian and world champion judoka
- Andrea Murez (born 1992), Israeli–American Olympic swimmer for Israel
- Amos Neheysi (born 1979), former football player
- Gabi Packer (born 1969), former football player
- Romi Paritzki (born 2004), world champion rhythmic gymnast
- Or Sasson (born 1990), Olympic bronze medalist judoka
- Stav Shaffir, activist, journalist, and politician
- Arik Shivek, basketball coach
- Mordechai Spiegler (born 1944), football player
- Shiraz Tal (born 1974), model
- Shalom Tikva (born 1965), football player
- Margalit Tzan'ani (born 1948), singer
- Meir Wieseltier (born 1941), poet
- Ehud Yatom (born 1948), Shin Bet agent and Knesset member
- Ron Yosef (born 1974), openly gay Orthodox Jewish rabbi
- Avi Alfasi (born 1980), former Israeli football player
Gallery
[edit]-
Zion Square, Netanya, 1939
-
Gan Hamelech, 1940
-
Netanya 1947
-
Netanya 1939 1:20,000
-
Netanya 1945 1:250,000
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
- ^ Marom, Roy (December 1, 2022). "יער השרון (אל-ע'אבה) בתקופה העות'מאנית: בתקופה מהמחקר חדשות תובנות הגיאוגרפי-היסטורי The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies". Muse. 5: 90–107.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "History". Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
- ^ Benton, William (1974). The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7. Encyclopædia Britannica (UK) Ltd. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-85229-290-7. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- ^ a b Teller, Hanoch (1996). A Midrash and a Maaseh. NYC Publishing Co. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-881939-09-2. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ "Nathan Straus". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2012. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
- ^ a b "Nathan Straus (1848–1931)". Jewish Virtual Library. 2012. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
- ^ Wigoder, Geoffrey (1975). Everyman's Judaica: An encyclopedic dictionary. W.H. Allen / Virgin Books. p. 574. ISBN 978-0-491-01604-9.
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- ^ Benzaquen, John. "Neighborhood Watch: Looking east", Jerusalem Post, May 31, 2012. Accessed August 5, 2023. "Netanya was named for Straus in the hope that he would donate money to the Bnei Binyamin association. Unfortunately for the association, by the time it asked him for financial help, it was too late, as he and his wife had already donated most of their fortune to charities in Palestine and the US."
- ^ Yacobi Haim (2009). The Jewish-Arab city: spatio-politics in a mixed community. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-87969-6. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
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- ^ "The 30s At The Israeli Diamond Industry". Israeli Diamond. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ Bell, Bowyer J.: Terror out of Zion (1976)
- ^ a b c OECD: Spatial Planning and Policy in Israel The Cases of Netanya and Umm al-Fahm
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- ^ Jodi Rudoren,'Remaking a Life, After Years in an Israeli Prison,' Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine New York Times March 29, 2014.
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- ^ "Netanya: Israel's French capital". Ynetnews. January 8, 2015. Archived from the original on January 6, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
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A ceremony on a planned street named after the late Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara was held in Netanya, Israel, on Tuesday. Sugihara issued transit visas to thousands of Jewish people during World War II, which later came to be known as "visas for life," as they saved many from Nazi persecution. Netanya is known as a place where many Jewish people arrived after fleeing from oppression thanks to visas issued by Sugihara. The plan to build the street marks 30 years since Sugihara's death. "It's such an honor. I wish my father was here," said Sugihara's fourth son, Nobuki, 67.
- ^ "Education". Archived from the original on December 20, 2007. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
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- ^ "דרישה בנתניה: קו רכבת קלה עד לתחנות בית יהושע וספיר". mynetnetanya. July 15, 2019. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
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- ^ "ჩვენი ქალაქი – დამეგობრებული ქალაქები". batumi.ge (in Georgian). Batumi. Archived from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
External links
[edit]- Official website (in English)
- Official website (in Hebrew)
- Things to do in Netanya Archived October 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
- Places To Visit in Netanya
- Go Netanya Netanya Association for Tourism
- Other information, in French
- Tourism site
- Surfing in Netanya
- Tandem Paragliding Netanya
- Historic scanned maps of Netanya, 1937–1966, from the Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The National Library of Israel