Daksharamam: Difference between revisions

Draksharamam
Draksharamam
	Bhimeswara Swamy temple
Religion
Affiliation	Hinduism
District	Konaseema
Deity	Shiva
Festivals	Maha Shivaratri, Kartik Purnima
Location
Location	Draksharamam
State	Andhra Pradesh
Country	India
	Location in Andhra Pradesh
Geographic coordinates	16°47′31″N 82°03′48″E / 16.792°N 82.0633°E
Architecture
Type	Dravidian architecture
Specifications
Temple(s)	1
Inscriptions	Telugu
Elevation	31.4 m (103 ft)

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Draksharamam or Daksharamam is one of the five Pancharama Kshetras that are sacred to the Hindu god Shiva and also 12th of Ashtadasha Shakthi Peetams. The temple is located in Draksharamam town of Konaseema district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The poet Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu who wrote first independent work in Telugu and who spread Lingayatism in Andhra region during medieval ages was born in this town.^[1]^[2]

Etymology

The town was formerly known as Daṣkatapovana and Daṣkavāṭika.^[3] This is the place where Daksha head of all prajapatis did a yagna called Nirīśvara yāga or Nirīśvara yajña. This place's present name is a compound of Daṣka and Ārāma which means "Abode of Daksha". This place was also referred to as Daṣkavāṭika by Jagadguru Adi Shankara in maha shakti peetha sloka at Māṇikye Dakṣa vāṭika which points to "Maanikyamba devi of Draksharama". The place where Daksha performed Nirīśvara yajña is still visited by pilgrims here.

History of the temple

Inscriptions in the temple reveal that it was built between the 9th and 10th centuries CE by the Eastern Chalukyan king, Bhima. The big Mandapam of the temple was built by Ganga Mahadevi, daughter-in-law of Eastern Ganga Dynasty king Narasingha Deva I of Odisha.^[4] Architecturally and sculpturally, the temple reflects a blend of Chalukyan and Chola styles.^[5]

The temple is historically prominent. It was built by Eastern Chalukyas who reigned over this area. It's believed to have been constructed earlier to the Bhimeswaraswamy temple in Samarlakota that was built between 892 C.E. and 922 C.E.

Festivals

Maha Shivaratri and Dasara are the main festivals associated with Draksharamam

References

^ Salva, Shu & G. (1994).
^ K. (1978), p. 535-538.
^ Moorthy (1994).
^ Rajguru (1986), p. 29.
^ Ramaswamy (2017), p. 16.

Bibliography

Salva, Krishnamurthi; Shu, Hikosaka; G., John Samuel (1994). A History of Telugu Literature: 1108 A.D.-1320 A.D. Institute of Asian Studies.
K., Lalithamba (1978). "Devotional Saivism In Medieval Andhra". Indian History Congress. 39. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
Moorthy, K. K. (1994). The Aalayas of Andhra Pradesh: a sixteen-flower-garland. Message Publications.
Rajguru, Padmashri Dr. Satyanarayana (1986). "No 1 - Ganga o Gajapati Bansha Ra Utpatti o Sankhipta Itihasa". Odisha Ra Sanskrutika Itihasa. Odisha Ra Sanskrutika Itihasa. Vol. 4. Cuttack, Odisha: Orissa Sahitya Akademi.
Ramaswamy, Chitra (6 July 2017). "Rich in lore and sculptures". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
Venkata Subbayya, ed. (1901), Śrī Bhīmēśvara Purāṇamu (PDF) (in Telugu), Madras: Krottapalli Venkata Padmanabha Sastri

[FOOTNOTESalvaShuG.1994-1] Salva, Shu & G. (1994).

[FOOTNOTEK.1978535-538-2] K. (1978), p. 535-538.

[FOOTNOTEMoorthy1994-3] Moorthy (1994).

[FOOTNOTERajguru198629-4] Rajguru (1986), p. 29.

[FOOTNOTERamaswamy201716-5] Ramaswamy (2017), p. 16.

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+{{short description|Hindu temple in India}}
-{{more footnotes|date = February 2012}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
-{{Infobox settlement
+{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
-| name                    = Draksharama
+{{Infobox Hindu temple
-| native_name             =
-| native_name_lang        = te
+| name               = Draksharamam
-| other_name
+| script             =
-| nickname                = Dakshina Kasi
+| image              = File:Draksharama temple, Draksharamam.jpg
-| settlement_type         = [[Town]]
+| image_size         =
-| image_skyline           =
+| alt                =
-| image_alt               =
+| caption            = Bhimeswara Swamy temple
-| image_caption           =
+| map_type           = India Andhra Pradesh
-| pushpin_map             = India Andhra Pradesh
+| map_caption        = Location in Andhra Pradesh
+| map_size           =
-| pushpin_label_position  = right
+| coordinates        = {{coord|16.792|N|82.0633|E|display=inline,title}}
-| pushpin_map_alt         =
-| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
+| country            = [[India]]
-| latd                    =
+| state              = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
-| latm                    =
+| district           = [[Konaseema]]
-| lats                    =
+| locale             = [[Draksharamam]]
-| latNS                   = N
+| elevation_m        = 31.4
-| longd                   =
+| deity              = [[Shiva]]
-| longm                   =
+| festivals          = [[Maha Shivaratri]], [[Kartik Purnima]]
-| longs                   =
+| architecture       = [[Dravidian architecture]]
-| longEW                  = E
+| temple_quantity    = 1
+| monument_quantity  =
-| coordinates_display     = inline,title
+| inscriptions       = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
-| subdivision_type        = Country
-| subdivision_name        = [[India]]
+| established        =
+| temple_board       =
-| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]
-| subdivision_name1       = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
+| website            =
-| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]
-| subdivision_name2       = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
-| established_title       = <!-- Established -->
-| established_date        =
-| founder                 =
-| named_for               =
-| government_type         =
-| governing_body          =
-| unit_pref               = Metric
-| area_footnotes          =
-| area_rank               =
-| area_total_km2          =
-| elevation_footnotes     =
-| elevation_m             =
-| population_total        = 9299
-| population_as_of        = 2011
-| population_rank         =
-| population_density_km2  = auto
-| population_demonym      =
-| population_footnotes    = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(hshxepbiobwj4l55bfppenyw))/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=626939|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref>
-| demographics_type1      = Languages
-| demographics1_title1    = Official
-| demographics1_info1     = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
-| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
-| utc_offset1             = +5:30
-| postal_code_type        = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
-| postal_code             =
-| registration_plate      =
-| website                 =
-| footnotes               =
 }}
+{{Hinduism}}
-[[File:Draksharama temple, Draksharamam.jpg|thumb|Draksharama temple, Draksharamam]]
-[[Image:Draksharama temple - Main entrance.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Main entrance to the Bhimeswara Swamy temple (view from inside the temple).]]
-[[File:Draksharama.jpg|thumb|180px|Draksharama Temple Complex]]
-[[File:A view of west Gopuram at Draksharamam.jpg|thumb|180px|A view of west Gopuram at Draksharamam]]
+'''Draksharamam''' or '''Daksharamam''' is one of the five [[Pancharama Kshetras]] that are sacred to the Hindu god [[Shiva]] and also 12th of Ashtadasha Shakthi Peetams. The temple is located in [[Draksharamam]] town of [[Konaseema district]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The poet [[Mallikarjuna Panditaradhyudu]] who wrote first independent work in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and who spread [[Lingayatism]] in Andhra region during medieval ages was born in this town.{{sfnp|Salva|Shu|G.|1994}}{{sfnp|K.|1978|p=535-538}}
-'''Draksharama''' is a town in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh in South India. The Bhimeswara Swamy temple in this town is one of the Five Powerful temples of Lord Siva, known as ''Pancharama Kshetram''
+== Etymology ==
-The [[Shiva|Siva]] deity is known as ''Bhimesvara Swamy''. The temple is situated on the eastern bank of [[Godavari River]]. The consort of Lord Bhimesvara is Manikyamba. According to local belief the [[Siva linga]] at the temple was installed and established by the god [[Surya]]. [[Maha Sivaratri]], Devi Navaratrulu, Karthika Masam, and Dhanurmasam are the main festivals celebrated at this [[temple]].
+The town was formerly known as {{IAST|Daṣkatapovana}} and {{IAST|Daṣkavāṭika}}.{{sfnp|Moorthy|1994}} This is the place where [[Daksha]] head of all prajapatis did a [[yagna]] called {{IAST|Nirīśvara yāga}} or {{IAST|Nirīśvara yajña}}. This place's present name is a compound of {{IAST|Daṣka}} and {{IAST|Ārāma}} which means "Abode of [[Daksha]]". This place was also referred to as {{IAST|Daṣkavāṭika}} by Jagadguru [[Adi Shankara]] in [[Shakta pithas|maha shakti peetha]] sloka at {{IAST|Māṇikye Dakṣa vāṭika}} which points to "Maanikyamba devi of Draksharama". The place where Daksha performed {{IAST|Nirīśvara yajña}} is still visited by pilgrims here.
+==History of the temple==
-According to local legend, the temple was built by angels in one night. The construction of the perimeter wall could not be completed before sunrise and still stands incomplete. Several attempts have been made to construct the uncompleted part of the wall but all those efforts have failed with the constructed wall collapsing within a few months.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}
+Inscriptions in the temple reveal that it was built between the 9th and 10th centuries CE by the Eastern Chalukyan king, Bhima. The big Mandapam of the temple was built by Ganga Mahadevi, daughter-in-law of [[Eastern Ganga Dynasty]] king [[Narasingha Deva I]] of [[Odisha]].{{sfnp|Rajguru|1986|p=29}} Architecturally and sculpturally, the temple reflects a blend of Chalukyan and Chola styles.{{sfnp|Ramaswamy|2017|p=16}}
+The temple is historically prominent. It was built by [[Eastern Chalukyas]] who reigned over this area. It's believed to have been constructed earlier to the Bhimeswaraswamy temple in [[Samarlakota]] that was built between 892 C.E. and 922 C.E.
-As per the Government of India, the temple construction was started in mid 800 AD and completed somewhere around the 11th century. The construction of the temple is a marvel, consisting of a two-staired [[mandapa]] and two walls, one inside of the other. The inner temple (Garbhaalaya) made it a very profound and cultural work of architecture in those times. Its architecture is still a library for students of architecture.
+== Festivals ==
-The ventilation of the inner temple is impressive. The temple is always full of light and air with very good ventilation. The temple's two-stair [[mandapa]] is impressive, and the pillars in the temple are skillfully and delicately carved. Many ''Shasanas'' (Official & Historical Registry Chronicles) have been written on the stone walls of the temple from time to time, from legions of Chola & Sathavahanas to Vijayanagra & Reddy Kingdoms that ruled over centuries. The scripts are [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Devanagri]], and [[Telugu script]]s in both Sanskrit and Telugu languages.
+[[Maha Shivaratri]] and [[Vijayadashami|Dasara]] are the main festivals associated with Draksharamam
+== See also ==
-[[Shivite]] temples were built after 800 around this temple in a radius of 40 kilometers. Some [[purohit]]s have this list.
-The village is called Dakshina Kasi. The Siva Linga in this temple is said to be one large crystal which is 2.6 meters high. Siva is accompanied by Dakshayani, who is the first wife of Siva (also the daughter of [[Daksha]], and therefore named Dakshayani). Manikyamba goddess, said to be one part of the 18 pieces of Sati Devi that fell here, is a [[Shakti Peetha]]. It has one of the world's longest siva linga.
-The inner sanctorium has a pedestal built for the archakas to perform rituals. The inner sanctorium is very dark, so much that one cannot see without a some sort of light. Legends say that the inner walls of the temple were once filled with diamonds that provided the required light. When Aurangazeb invaded the temple to plunder the riches, all the diamonds turned to stones. Archakas show the walls adorned with diamond-shaped rocks as proof of this.
-There is another small temple within the main temple. One legend says that as ages go by, the height of humans would reduce to such an extent that the current temple would become a huge gigantic structure, and hence another temple was built for the tiny people of the future. Another legend says that the tiny temple is for the tiny creatures that inhabit the land. And some say that it's the prototype of the temple.
-==Daksharama Bhimesvara Satakam==
-Acharya Vemu Laxminarayana Subrahmanya Bhimashankaram wrote collection of poems called [[Sivananda Mandahasam]] in 2004 and [[Daksharama Bhimesvara Satakam]] in 2006.
-==See also==
 *[[Andhra Vishnu]]
+*[[Pancharama Kshetras]]
-== References ==
+==References==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{reflist|30em}}
+==Bibliography==
-== External links ==
+{{refbegin}}
-{{commons category}}
+* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5YOAAAAYAAJ|title= A History of Telugu Literature: 1108 A.D.-1320 A.D|publisher= Institute of Asian Studies|year=1994|language=English|last1=Salva |first1= Krishnamurthi |last2=Shu |first2=  Hikosaka  |last3=G. |first3=  John Samuel}}
-*[http://www.eastgodavari.nic.in/Draksharamam.html Draksharamam]
+* {{cite journal |last1= K.|first1=Lalithamba |date= 1978|title= Devotional Saivism In Medieval Andhra |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139392|journal= Indian History Congress |volume= 39  |access-date= 14 September 2024}}
-*[http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/andhrapradesh/draksharama/introduction.htm Draksharama]
+* {{cite book|last1=Moorthy|first1=K. K.|title=The Aalayas of Andhra Pradesh: a sixteen-flower-garland|year=1994|publisher=Message Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2OIbAQAAMAAJ}}
-*[http://www.templenet.com/Andhra/draksha.html More on Draksharama]
+* {{Cite book |last=Rajguru |first=Padmashri Dr. Satyanarayana |title= Odisha Ra Sanskrutika Itihasa |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi|year=1986|series= Odisha Ra Sanskrutika Itihasa |volume=4 |location=Cuttack, Odisha|chapter=No 1 - Ganga o Gajapati Bansha Ra Utpatti o Sankhipta Itihasa |author-link=Satyanarayana Rajguru}}
-*[http://www.shaktipeethas.org/draksharamam-bheemeswara-swamy-t174.html Bheemeswara swamy in Draksharamam]
+* {{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/on-the-pancharamam-temples-in-andhra-pradesh-part-2/article19223618.ece|title=Rich in lore and sculptures|last=Ramaswamy|first=Chitra|date=2017-07-06|work=The Hindu|access-date= 14 September 2024|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
+* {{citation |editor=Venkata Subbayya |title= {{transliteration|te|Śrī Bhīmēśvara Purāṇamu}} |language=Telugu |location=Madras |publisher= Krottapalli Venkata Padmanabha Sastri|year=1901|url=https://ia601409.us.archive.org/22/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.395642/2015.395642.Sree-Beemeswara.pdf}}
+{{refend}}
 {{Navboxes
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 {{Pancharama Kshetras}}
 {{Hindu Temples in Andhra Pradesh}}
+{{East Godavari district}}
+{{Shiva temples}}
+{{Shaktism}}
+{{Hindu holy cities}}
 }}
-{{coord|16.7928|N|82.0635|E|display=title}}
-[[Category:Hindu temples in East Godavari district]]
+[[Category:Shakta pithas|*]]
-[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites]]
+[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
 [[Category:Pancharama Kshetras]]
 [[Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh]]
-[[Category:Shakti Peethas]]